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1

원유 및 젖샘조직 내 osteopontin의 동정

강재윤1·김희철·김동식1·지영흔·신태균*

제주대학교 생명자원과학대학 수의학과, 1(주) 제주우유 (게재승인: 2007년 1월 16일)

Identification of osteopontin in milk and in the mammary glands of cows

Jaeyoun Kang

1

, Heechul Kim, Dong-Sik Kim

1

, Youngheun Jee, Taekyun Shin*

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea

1

Jeju milk Co., Ltd, Jeju 690-191, Korea

(Accepted: January 16, 2007)

Abstract : The importance of milk for the growth and health of a newborn offspring is well known. Milk contains immunoglobulin G (Ig G), Ig A, lactoperoxidase, lactoferin, cytokines, and growth factors.

Osteopontin, one of the multifunctional proteins, is secreted by macrophages, T cell, and epithelial cells.

Although osteopontin production in bovine milk have been documented, the precise expression levels in bovine milk have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to observe the expression of osteopontin, in bovine milk during the lactation period or bovine mammary glands. Western blot analysis detected that osteopontin was expressed in bovine milk whey and mammary glands. The expression level of osteopontin in colostrum whey was higher than those in early milk and mature milk whey. Immunohistochemistry showed that osteopontin was detected in the glandular epithelium and epithelial cells of intralobular duct of mammary glands. These findings suggest that osteopontin transiently shows high expression in colostrum and plays a potential role in the immunological development of breast-fed calves.

Key words : colostrum, mammary glands, milk, osteopontin

서 론

우유는균형된영양소를공급하는완전식품으로알려 있을아니라

,

다양한면역활성물질도포함하고

있다

[9].

주요한 우유단백질 중에는 면역글로불린

G(IgG), IgA, lactoperoxidase,

락토페린등이알려져

[4].

또한우유와 초유에는

interleukin(IL)-1

β

, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor

α

, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors, epidermal growth factor, trans- forming growth factor

α

, vascular endothelial growth factor

다양한싸이토카인과성장인자들이 함유되어있다

[9].

이와같은물질들은세포의활성화에관여할뿐만

아니라생체를보호하는면역방어역할을하는중요한

인자들이다

[5].

우유 내에는이상에서 설명한유효한 성분외에도

cDNA microarray

등과같은첨단기술에의거하여새로

물질이꾸준히확인되고있다

[7].

,

사람모유에서

싸이토카인과성장인자유전자를

cDNA microarray

석한결과

240

여개의유전자가확인되었는데중에는

이전에주목받지못하던

osteopontin

확인되기도하였

[7].

Osteopontin

무기물화된소의뼈에서처음으로발견

되었고

[2],

사람의

[1],

생쥐의신장

[14]

등에 확인되었으며우유에서도발견되었다

[12].

그러나

osteopontin

많이함유하고있는소의원유젖샘조

내에서

osteopontin

분포와변화에관한연구는

*Corresponding author: Taekyun Shin

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea [Tel: +82-64-754-3363, Fax: +82-64-756-3354, E-mail: shint@cheju.ac.kr]

(2)

않다

[7, 8, 12].

연구에서는우유유용물질의확인차원에서 유시기별로원유

osteopontin

발현을조사하고 울러젖샘조직

osteopontin

출현여부를

western blot

면역조직화학방법으로확인하고자하였다

.

재료 및 방법

실험재료

원유

osteopontin

양적분석을위해인근목장에

3-5

년생홀스타인젖소

15

마리에서원유를무균처리 병에채취하였다

.

젖소의비유시기는출산

1

, 15

일에서

20

사이

, 1

개월에서

2

개월사이

, 3

개월에서

5

개월사이

, 6

개월에서

8

개월사이이며

,

시기

3

리의 젖소에서 원유를 채취하였다

.

채취한 원유는

western blot

분석을위해

70

o

C

냉동고에보관하였다

.

젖샘조직은인근도축장에서도축된

5

년생홀스타인 젖소의젖샘조직을채취하여

,

분리된일부조직은통상 적인방법에따라포르말린에고정하였고

,

일부조직은

western blot

분석을위해

70

o

C

냉동고에보관하였다

.

Western blot 분석

원유단백질분석을위해

,

원유를

12,000 rpm

으로

20

분간원심분리지방층을제거하여탈지유를분리

하였다

.

분리된 탈지유를

Bradford assay

(Bio-Rad, USA)

따라단백질을정량하였다

.

또한

,

분리된젖샘조직은

leupeptin(0.5 µg/ml), PMSF(1

mM), aprotinin(5 µg/ml)

등의단백질분해억제제가포함된

40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 120 mM NaCl, 0.1% Nonidiet P-40(polyoxyethylene [9] p-t-octyl phenol)

완충액에서

완전히균질화하였다

.

균질화조직을

14,000 rpm

20

분간원심분리하여상층액을회수단백질을 정량하였다

.

정량된원유와젖샘조직을

10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-

polyacrylamide

겔에서전기영동하고

,

겔상의단백질밴드

다시

nitrocellulose transfer membranes(Schleicher and Schuell, USA)

100V

에서

2

시간동안전사시켰다

.

백질이 흡착된

membrane

ponceau solution(Sigma Chemical, USA)

으로염색한

immunoblot

실시하

였다

.

Osteopontin

확인하기위해

monoclonal mouse anti- osteopontin IgG(Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA)(1 : 1000)

1

항체로이용하였다

. 2

항체로는

horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG(Vector, USA) (1 : 2,000)

실온에서

60

분간 반응시켰다

.

또한

osteo- pontin

면역반응을 확인한

membrane

mouse anti-

β

-

actin(Sigma Chemical, USA)

으로재면역반응시켜원유

샘플에서세포성분의유무를확인하였다

.

면역반응이

membrane

WEST-one Detection solution(iNtRON Biotech, Korea)

1

분간반응시켜

, X-ray

필름에노출시

키고

,

결과를

GS-700 Imaging Densitometer(Bio-Rad, USA)

측정하였다

.

그리고

western blot

결과는

Student-Newman-Keuls’

방법에의한다중비교법을

용하여유의성을검정하였다

.

조직표본 준비와 조직 검사

포르말린에고정한젖샘조직은

10%

중성포르말린으 고정하고에탄올과크실렌으로탈수와투명화과정 거쳐파라핀에포매한

5

µ

m

두께로조직절편을

만들어

H-E

염색을실시하였다

. Western blot

면역조

직화학에이용한젖샘조직은조직학적소견상병변이 없는것을이용하였다

.

면역조직화학 염색

젖샘조직에서

osteopontin

분포발현양상을관찰

하기위해면역조직화학염색을실시하였다

.

면역조직화 염색은파라핀포매조직을이용하여통상적인

avidin- biotin peroxidase

방법을이용하였다

.

먼저젖샘조직에

파라핀을제거하고

,

내재성

peroxidase

제거하기

0.3% H

2

O

2포함한메탄올에

20

분간반응시켰으며

,

조직을비특이적반응을방지하기위해

10% normal

horse serum

으로

1

시간반응시켰다

. 1

항체로

mono- clonal mouse anti-osteopontin IgG(Santa Cruz Biotechnology,

USA)(1 : 400)

실온에서

1

시간 이상 반응시킨

biotinylated anti-mouse IgG(Vector, USA)

45

분간반응 시켰다

.

이어서

avidin-biotin peroxidase complex Elite kit(Vector, USA)

실온에서

45

분간반응시켰다

.

계가끝나고

PBS(pH 7.4)

5

분간

3

충분히세척했으

,

면역반응이 끝난조직절편은

3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride substrate kit(Vector, USA)

활용하여

발색시켰다

.

그리고헤마톡실린용액으로대조염색을

,

에탄올과크실렌으로탈수와투명과정을거쳐봉입

하여광학현미경으로관찰했다

.

결 과

젖샘의 조직학적 구조

홀스타인젖소의젖샘을조직학적으로관찰한결과 많은 수의 샘소엽이결합조직사이에관찰되었다

(Fig.

1A).

샘소엽부위를고배율로관찰한결과샘포들이

찰되었으며일부샘포내에는분비물이관찰되었다

(Fig.

1B).

샘포사이에는분비도관들도관찰되었다

.

(3)

원유 및 젖샘조직 내 osteopontin 검출

홀스타인 젖소의원유 건유기의젖샘조직에서

osteopontin

확인하기위하여

western blotting

실시

하였다

. Osteopontin

원유와젖샘조직에서면역반응을

보였으며

,

분자량은

60 kDa(50 kDa

93 kDa

사이

)

정도로 나타났다

(Fig. 2B).

아울러 젖샘조직에서도

osteopontin

관찰되었다

(Fig. 2B, mammary gland).

포성분의유무를확인하기위하여

osteopontin

항체를

응시킨

membrane

β

-actin

항체로반응시킨결과원유

내에서는β

-actin

면역반응이관찰되지않았으며젖샘

조직에서만나타났다

(Fig. 2B).

비유시기별 osteopontin의 양적 비교

우선

membrane

ponceau

염색하여모든비유기

유의 단백질이 동량인 것을 확인하였다

(Fig. 3A).

Osteopontin

모든비유기의원유에서관찰되었으며

분자량은

60 kDa (50 kDa

93 kDa

사이에서관찰

)

이었다

(Fig. 3B). Osteopontin

면역반응을

GS-700 Imaging Densitometer

측정한결과출산

1

일의

(

초유

)(Fig. 3B, colostrum)(density osteopontin ratio/mm

2

value, 43.830

±

4.605)

에서아주강한반응을나타내었으

,

출산

15

일에서

20

일사이의 원유

(Fig. 3B, early milk)(5.020

±

1.881)

에서

osteopontin

초유보다 의미있 감소를보였다

(*,

p

< 0.001).

다른시기의

,

출산

1

개월에서

2

개월사이의원유

(Fig. 3C, mature milk, a)(3.637

±

2.137),

출산

3

개월에서

5

개월 사이의원유

(Fig. 3C, mature milk, b)(3.337

±

0.995),

리고출산

6

개월에서

8

개월사이의원유

(Fig. 3C, mature milk, c)(1.880

±

0.806)

에서

osteopontin

초유보 유의성있게 감소된 것으로 나타났다

(*,

p

< 0.001).

Fig. 1. Histological findings of a Holstein cow mammary glands (A and B). There are gland lobules with alveoli (B, arrowheads) and large irregular intralobular duct (B, arrow).

Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Scale bars = 200 µm (A);

100 µm (B).

Fig. 2. Western blot analysis for osteopontin (OPN) in the bovine milk and mammary glands. (A) Protein component of milk and mammary glands in 10% SDS-PAGE. Ponceau solution staining. Left lane indicates molecular weight standard.

(B) A representative photograph of Western blot analysis of osteopontin and

β

-actin.

(4)

Fig. 3. Western blot analysis for osteopontin (OPN) in the bovine milk during the lactation period. (A) Ponceau staining shows that loading protein is similar in all lanes in 10 % SDS-PAGE. Left lane indicates molecular weight standard. (B) A representative photograph of Western blot analysis of osteopontin. (C) A semiquantitative analysis of osteopontin in the milk during the lactation period. Colostrum (within the first 24 h postpartum), early milk (from 15 to 20 days postpartum), and mature milk (more than 1 month after delivery) were collected from health Holstein cow. Mature milk samples were further classified into three groups, mature milk (a) (approximately 1-2 months postpartum), (b) (approximately 3-5 months postpartum) and (c) (approximately 6-8 months postpartum). Data were obtained from three different experiments and are shown as mean

±

SE.

Fig. 4. Immunohistochemical localization of osteopontin in the bovine mammary glands and milk cells. No specific reaction

product is seen in sections incubated with non-immune sera (A). Osteopontin was detected in the glandular epithelium

(B, arrowheads) and in epithelial cells of intralobular duct (C, arrowheads). Osteopontin was immunostained in the milk

(C, arrow). Osteopontin was positive for some cells in bovine milk (C, inset). A-C: Counterstained with hematoxylin. Scale

bars: in A-C, 40 µm; in inset, 10 µm.

(5)

젖샘조직과 원유에서 osteopontin의 면역조직화학 적 염색

젖샘조직에서

osteopontin

면역조직화학염색반응

주로샘포내상피세포에서관찰되었으며일부샘포 분비물에서도양성반응을보였다

(Fig. 4B).

젖샘포관 상피세포함유물에서

osteopontin

면역반응을관찰

있었으나소엽속결합조직에서

osteopontin

염색 반응은미약하게관찰되었다

(Fig. 4C).

또한원유를 라이드에도말하여면역조직화학염색한결과일부

포에서

osteopontin

면역반응이관찰되었다

(Fig. 4C,

inset).

고 찰

Osteopontin

처음뼈에서발견된이래여러조직

,

여러부위의상피세포에서발견되고있다

.

실험에

서는원유내에서

osteopontin

있는지를조사하였던

원유에서

osteopontin

있음을확인하였다

.

유즙

osteopontin

확인은

[12]

사람

[7]

에서 알려져왔으나

,

논문에서는비유시기별로

osteopontin

차이를처음으로확인하였다

.

비유시기별로조사

결과초유에서가장많았고시간이경과함에따라 감소하였으나비유기간지속적으로

osteopontin

관찰되었다

.

초유에서

osteopontin

많은이유는알려져있지

않으나

osteopontin

발현을촉진할있는인자중

나인비타민

D [14]

관련성이있을것으로추정하고

있다

.

초유에서비타민

D

성숙우유보다많이존재

하는것으로알려져있으며

[6]

이들비타민

D

젖샘

조직

osteopontin

생산을촉진할있을것으로

각된다

.

Osteopontin

주된관찰부위는결합조직섬유또는

포내로알려져있다

[14]. Osteopontin

발현세포를

사한결과젖샘조직의샘포상피세포에서관찰되었으며 아울러원유로부터분리된세포를염색한결과이들

포에서도

osteopontin

양성세포가확인되었다

.

우유

osteopontin

상피세포에서분비되었거나또는원유

내에포함된세포성분

(

큰포식세포또는상피세포

)

등에

분비된것으로생각된다

.

Osteopontin

다양한기능을가지는단백질로알려져

있다

.

면역세포인큰포식세포

,

상피세포등은외부의

극을받을경우

osteopontin

생산분비하며세포매개

면역반응을유도하고

,

염증세포이동에도관여하기 한다

[3].

아울러

osteopontin

세포독성을가지는

nitric oxide

억제함으로써항염증작용에도관여하는

것으로알려지고있다

[11].

이와같은기능을유추하여

우유포함된

osteopontin

장내에서이와

면역반응에관여할있을것으로판단된다

.

Osteopontin

기능을 확인하기 위해

osteopontin

knockout

생쥐에로타바이러스를감염시킨결과

wildtype

생쥐에비해장염이심하였다고한다

[10].

우유

osteopontin

섭취소장대장점막과접촉하는

것을고려할이들은장내병원체의점막접촉을 어하는기능을있을것으로생각된다

.

실험에 비유시기별로차이가있을아니라초유에서

osteopontin

많은점은면역기능이불완전한신생동물

장기능활성에도움을것으로생각된다

.

우유

다양한영양분이외에도

osteopontin

같은면역조

물질이포함되어있는점은우유의영양성을더욱 여주는것으로판단된다

.

젖샘조직에서

osteopontin

역할은아직명확히규명

된바가많지않지만

osteopontin knockout

생쥐의경우

젖샘발육의장애가있는것으로보아

osteopontin

샘조직분화에필수적인물질일것으로알려지고있다

[8].

아울러

osteopontin

세포접착기능은유방암조직

전이에도깊이관여하는것으로알려지고있다

[13].

젖샘에서생성된

osteopontin

우유내에포함되어

다양한생리활성기능을갖지만조직내에서비정상적 으로분화된젖샘세포에작용할경우전이를촉진할 있을것으로생각된다

.

이상의결과를종합하여젖소의원유에서는 비유시기에걸쳐

osteopontin

포함되어있으며

,

특히

초유에

osteopontin

많이존재하는점은신생동물

장내면역력획득에

osteopontin

중요한인자로

용할것으로생각되었다

.

결 론

우유다양한생리활성을가지는

osteopontin

무를소의원유와젖샘조직에서

western blot

면역조 직화학방법으로조사하였다

.

결과

osteopontin

유와젖샘조직에서확인되었다

.

비유시기별원유에서

osteopontin

발현을비교한결과초유에서

osteopontin

발현이다른시기의원유보다높게나타났다

.

면역조

직화학염색결과젖샘조직에서

osteopontin

주로샘포 세포와젖샘포관상피세포에서양성반응을보였다

.

,

원유포함된세포성분

(

큰포식세포또는상피세

)

에서도

osteopontin

강하게발현된점으로보아

세포들이

osteopontin

주된분비세포로생각되었다

.

아울러

osteopontin

기능을고려할원유내에존재

하는

osteopontin

점막보호감염체로부터생체

(6)

보호하는역할을것으로생각되었다

.

참고문헌

1. Fisher LW, Hawkins GR, Tuross N, Termine JD.

Purification and partial characterization of small proteoglycans I and II, bone sialoproteins I and II, and osteonectin from the mineral compartment of developing human bone. J Biol Chem 1987, 262 , 9702-9708.

2. Franzen A, Heinegard D. Isolation and characterization of two sialoproteins present only in bone calcified matrix. Biochem J 1985, 232 , 715-724.

3. Giachelli CM, Lombardi D, Johnson RJ, Murry CE, Almeida M. Evidence for a role of osteopontin in macrophage infiltration in response to pathological stimuli in vivo. Am J Pathol 1998, 152 , 353-358.

4. Goldman AS, Smith CW. Host resistance factors in human milk. J Pediatr 1973, 82 , 1082-1090.

5. Korhonen H, Marnila P, Gill HS. Milk immunoglo- bulins and complement factors. Br J Nutr 2000, 84 Suppl 1 , S75-80.

6. Kunz C, Niesen M, von Lilienfeld-Toal H, Burmeister W. Vitamin D, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D in cow’s milk, infant formulas and breast milk during different stages of lactation. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984, 54 , 141-148.

7. Nagatomo T, Ohga S, Takada H, Nomura A, Hikino S, Imura M, Ohshima K, Hara T. Microarray analysis of human milk cells: persistent high expression of osteopontin during the lactation period. Clin Exp

Immunol 2004, 138 , 47-53.

8. Nemir M, Bhattacharyya D, Li X, Singh K, Mukherjee AB, Mukherjee BB. Targeted inhibition of osteopontin expression in the mammary gland causes abnormal morphogenesis and lactation deficiency. J Biol Chem 2000, 275 , 969-976.

9. Playford RJ, Macdonald CE, Johnson WS.

Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 72 , 5-14.

10. Rollo EE, Hempson SJ, Bansal A, Tsao E, Habib I, Rittling SR, Denhardt DT, Mackow ER, Shaw RD. The cytokine osteopontin modulates the severity of rotavirus diarrhea. J Virol 2005, 79 , 3509-3516.

11. Scott JA, Weir ML, Wilson SM, Xuan JW, Chambers AF, McCormack DG. Osteopontin inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in rat vascular tissue. Am J Physiol 1998, 275 , H2258-2265.

12. Sorensen ES, Petersen TE. Purification and charac- terization of three proteins isolated from the proteose peptone fraction of bovine milk. J Dairy Res 1993, 60 , 189-197.

13. Standal T, Borset M, Sundan A. Role of osteopontin in adhesion, migration, cell survival and bone remodeling. Exp Oncol 2004, 26 , 179-184.

14. Xie Y, Sakatsume M, Nishi S, Narita I, Arakawa M,

Gejyo F. Expression, roles, receptors, and regulation of

osteopontin in the kidney. Kidney Int 2001, 60 , 1645-

1657.

수치

Fig. 1.  Histological findings of a Holstein cow mammary glands (A and B). There are gland lobules with alveoli (B, arrowheads) and large irregular intralobular duct (B, arrow).
Fig. 3.  Western blot analysis for osteopontin (OPN) in the bovine milk during the lactation period

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