䆪
䆪✲₆㞪䢎⯒
䢲
䢲㣿䞲
IoT 䢮
䢮ἓ
⽊
⽊㞞
䝚
䝚⪲䏶䆲
㍺
㍺Ἒ
㧻ἓ⺆*, 㕂⹒㭒*, ㍲䢪㩫* † *䞲㎇╖䞯ᾦ IT 㦋䞿Ὃ䞯ὒ
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
G
Design of IoT Environment Secure Protocol Using
Code-Based Cryptography
Kyung-Bae Jang*, Min-Joo Sim*, Hwa-Jeong Seo*† *Dept. of IT Convergence Engineering, Hansung University
殚
殚 檃檃
IoT(Internet of Things) 㔲╖Ṗ 䢲㎇䢪♮Ⳋ㍲ Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⯒ 䙂䞾䞲 Ⱔ㦖 㩫⽊✺㧊 IoT ❪㧊㓺✺㦚 䐋䟊 㩚╂♮ἶ 㧞┺. 㩫⽊⽊䢎⯒ 㥚䟊 㞪䢎䢪䞮㡂 䐋㔶䞮⓪ ộ㧊 㭧㣪䞮Ⳇ ㎇⓻㦮 㩲䞲㦒⪲ 㧎䟊 ἓ⨟ ⽊㞞 䝚⪲䏶䆲 ㌂㣿㧊 㣪ῂ♲┺. 䡚㨂 Ⱔ㦖 㞪䢎 㔲㓺䎲✺㦖 㧎㑮䟊 ⁎Ⰲἶ 㧊㌆╖㑮㦮 㠊 ⩺㤖㠦 ₆䞮ἶ 㧞┺. 䞮㰖Ⱒ 㟧㧦 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㧊 㔺䡚 Ṗ⓻䞲 㟧㧦 䅊䜾䎆Ṗ Ṳ♲┺Ⳋ 㞴㍶ ⶎ㩲 ✺㦚 㓓Ợ 䟊ἆ䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㧊㠦 ⽎ ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲⓪ 㟧㧦⌊㎇㞪䢎 㭧 䆪✲₆㞪䢎⯒ ㌂㣿䞲 ἓ⨟ ⽊㞞 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦚 㩲㞞䞲┺. ₆㫊 䝚⪲䏶䆲ὒ ゚ᾦ ㍳䟊⽊ἶ 㞞㩚㎇ ㍳ ⡦䞲 㔺㔲䞮㡖┺. 1. 昢昢嵦 䡚╖㠦 㧞㠊 IoT[1] ₆㑶㦮 㭧㣪㎇㦖 㩦㹾 ṗ♮ 㰖Ⱒ ㌂㣿㧦㦮 Ṳ㧎㩫⽊⯒ ⽊㧻䞮ἶ ⹒Ṧ ◆㧊䎆⯒ ⽊䢎䞮⓪◆ 㧞㠊 Ⱔ㦖 ⶎ㩲㢖 㥚䠮☚ ➆⯎┺. Ⱒ㟓 䡂㓺䅖㠊 㔲㓺䎲 㧊㣿㧦㠦 ╖䞲 Ệ㰩 㦮⬢㩫⽊⯒ 㦮 ㌂㠦Ợ 㩚㏷䞲┺Ⳋ 㦮㌂⓪ 㧮ⴑ♲ 㻮㦚 ⌊Ⰺ 㑮 㧞 ┺. 㧊⩂䞲 ⽊㞞 㥚䡧㠦 ╖㻮䞮₆ 㥚䟊㍲⓪ ㍲⪲㦮 㔶 㤦㦚 㢂⯊Ợ 䢫㧎䞮ἶ 䐋㔶䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ⽊㞞 䝚⪲䏶 䆲㧊 䞚㣪䞮┺. 㧊➢ IoT ❪㧊㓺㦮 㩲䞲♲ ㎇⓻ 䌩 㠦 ἓ⨟ ㍺ἚṖ 㣪ῂ♮⸖⪲ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㞪䢎䢪 㔳☚ ἓ⨟ 㞪䢎䢪 㔳㦚 ㌂㣿䟊㟒 䞲┺.
䡚㨂 ECC(Elliptic Curve Cryptography)⯒ Ⱔ㦖 Ὁ㠦㍲ ἓ⨟ ὋṲ䋺 㞪䢎⪲ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞㦒Ⳇ ╖䚲㩗㦒⪲ 2017 ⎚ Wang 㦮 䝚⪲䏶䆲[2] ⡦䞲 ⁎⩝┺. 䞮㰖Ⱒ 㟧 㧦 䅊䜾䎆Ṗ Ṳ♲┺Ⳋ ▪㧊㌗ ㌂㣿䞶 㑮 㠜┺⓪ ⶎ 㩲㩦㧊 㧞┺. 㧊㠦 ₆㫊 㞪䢎㔲㓺䎲✺㦚 ⶊ⍞⥾Ⰺ 㑮 㧞⓪ 㟧㧦 䅊䜾䎆㦮 Ἒ㌆ ⓻⩻㠦 ⌊㎇㦚 Ṗ㰚 㟧㧦⌊㎇㞪䢎 㡆 ῂṖ 㧊⬾㠊㰖ἶ 㧞┺. ⹎ῃ NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology)㠦㍲⓪ 2016 ⎚ 㟧㧦⌊㎇㞪䢎 䚲㭖䢪 Ὃ⳾㩚㦚 㭒㾲 䞮㡖ἶ ㎎Ἒ 㡂⩂ ṗῃ㠦㍲ 㟧 㧦⌊㎇㞪䢎 㞢ἶⰂ㯮㦚 㩲㿲䞮㡖┺. 䡚㨂 26 Ṳ 䤚⽊ ✺㧊 ㌊㞚⋾㞚 Round2 㠦 ╖䞲 䘟Ṗ⯒ 㰚䟟 㭧㧊Ⳇ 䆪✲, ỿ㧦, ┺⼖㑮┺䟃㔳, 㞚㧊㏢㩲┞ ₆㞪䢎✺⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊 㧞┺. 㧊㠦 ⽎ ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲⓪ NIST 㟧㧦⌊㎇㞪䢎 Ὃ⳾㩚㦚 㰚䟟㭧㧎 䆪✲₆㞪䢎 㭧 ROLLO ⯒ 䢲㣿䞮㡂 ἓ⨟ ⽊㞞 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦚 ㍺Ἒ䞮㡖┺. IoT 䢮ἓ㦚 ╖㌗㦒⪲ 䞮 ₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㞪䢎䢪 䣵㑮⯒ 㾲㏢⪲ 㑮䟟䞮ἶ, ㌗╖㩗㦒 ⪲ 㡆㌆㧊 㩗㦖 䟊㔲 㡆㌆ὒ XOR 㡆㌆㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡂 ㍺Ἒ䞮㡖┺. ⡦䞲 䐋㔶ὒ㩫㠦㍲ Ṗ⓻䞲 ┺㟧䞲 Ὃỿ ✺㦚 Ṗ㩫䞮㡂 㞞㩚㎇ ㍳㦚 㔺㔲䞮㡖┺. 2. 分崮 櫶割 2.1 瑚姢匶愞橚笾 䆪✲₆㞪䢎㦮 㤦Ⰲ⓪ ㏷㔶㧦Ṗ Ⲫ㔲㰖㠦 ἶ㦮⪲ 㑮㩫 Ṗ⓻䞲 㡺⮮⯒ 㻾䞲┺. ⁎Ⰲἶ 㢂⯎ 㑮㔶㧦 ⓪ 㡺⮮㑮㩫䆪✲⯒ 㞢ἶ 㧞㠊 㻾♲ 㡺⮮⯒ ㏦㓓Ợ 㑮㩫䞶 㑮 㧞┺. Robert J. McEliece ⓪ 1978 ⎚, 㾲㽞㦮 䆪✲₆㞪䢎 McEliece[3]⯒ 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. McEliece 㠦㍲⓪ Goppa 䆪✲⧒⓪ 㡺⮮㑮㩫䆪✲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪◆ 䡚㨂 NIST 㟧㧦⌊㎇㞪䢎 Ὃ⳾㩚 Round 2, 7 Ṳ㦮 䆪✲₆㞪䢎 㭧 Classic McEliece 㢖 NTS-KEM 㧊 Goppa 䆪✲⯒ ⁎╖⪲ ㌂㣿䞮ἶ 㧞┺. Goppa 䆪✲ ⓪ 㡃㌂Ṗ ₎㠊 ⥆㠊⋲ ⽊㞞㎇㦚 㧦⧧䞮㰖Ⱒ 䋺 ㌂㧊 㯞Ṗ ⰺ㤆 䋂┺⓪ ┾㩦㧊 㧞┺. 䞮㰖Ⱒ 䞲Ἒ㩦㧎 䋺 ㌂㧊㯞⯒ 㭚㧊₆ 㥚䟊 Goppa 䆪✲Ṗ 㞚┢ ㌞⪲㤊 䆪 ✲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ 㡆ῂṖ 㰚䟟㭧㧊Ⳇ Quasi Cyclic, Rank metric 䆪✲㠦 ₆䞲 5 Ṳ㦮 㞪䢎Ṗ Round 2 ⯒ 㰚䟟㭧
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㧊┺. 2.2 ROLLO ROLLO[4]⓪ 㟧㧦⌊㎇㞪䢎 䚲㭖䢪 Ὃ⳾㩚 Round2 ⯒ 㰚䟟㭧㧎 䆪✲₆㞪䢎㧊┺. Goppa 䆪✲Ṗ 㞚┢ 䣾 㥾㎇㦚 㭧㔲䞲 Rank Metric 䆪✲(1991)⯒ ₆㦒⪲ 䞮 㡂 䋺 ㌂㧊㯞㢖 Ἒ㌆ ⽋㧷☚ 䁷Ⳋ㠦㍲ ⰺ㤆 䣾㥾㩗㧊 ┺. Goppa 䆪✲⯒ ㌂㣿䞮⓪ Classic McEliece 㢖 NTS-KEM ὒ㦮 ㎇⓻ ゚ᾦ⯒ 㥚䟊 㩖㩚⩻ ⳾㧒 䝚⪲㎎㍲ 㧎 ARM 㠦㍲ ㏣☚⯒ 䁷㩫䞮㡖┺. 㔺䠮 䢮ἓὒ 㡆㌆ ㏣☚ ゚ᾦ ἆὒ⓪ 䚲 1, 䚲 2 㢖 ṯ┺. ڗ䚲ٻڌڙٻ㔺䠮ٻ䢮ἓٻ ٻ ٻ ڗ䚲ٻڍڙٻ㡆㌆ٻ㏣☚ڃۈێڄٻ゚ᾦٻٻ
Key Gen Enc Dec
mceliece348864 1780.94 0.84 247.94 mceliece460896 3864.43 2.52 630.32 nts_kem_12_64 291.66 1.28 9.8 Rollo-I-128 8.19 1.21 4.27 Rollo-II-128 73.94 6.89 19.84 Rollo-III-128 1.67 2.62 3.98 40 ⎚㦮 㡃㌂⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞⓪ Goppa 䆪✲㠦 ゚䞮㡂 Rank Metric 䆪✲⓪ ㌗╖㩗㦒⪲ 㰽㦖 Ỗ㯳 ₆Ṛ㦚 Ṗ 㰖ἶ 㧞㰖Ⱒ ⏨㦖 ㎇⓻㦚 ⽊㡂㭖┺. 128-bit ⽊㞞 ⩞ ₆㭖㦒⪲ Classic McEliece 㦮 ὋṲ䋺⓪ 261120 㧊䔎, Ṳ㧎䋺Ṗ 6452 㧊䔎㧎 Ⳋ, ROLLO 㦮 ὋṲ䋺⓪ 634 㧊䔎, Ṳ㧎䋺⓪ 40 㧊䔎⪲ 䤾㞂 㧧㦖 䋺 ㌂㧊 㯞⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞲┺. ⽎ ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲ 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦮 㞪 䢎䢪 ₆⻫㦖 ROLLO-I, II, III 㭧 II 㦚 ㍶䌳䞮㡖┺. ROLLO-I, ROLLO-III ⓪ KEM(Key Encapsulation Mechanism) 㔳㦒⪲ 㧦㼊㩗㦒⪲ ㎎㎮ 䋺⯒ ㍺Ⱃ䞮㰖 Ⱒ ROLLO-II ⓪ Ⲫ㎎㰖 㞪䢎䢪㠦 㩗䞿䞲 PKE(Public Key Encryption) 㔳㦚 㩲Ὃ䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺.
2.3 Kumar S. Roy’s Protocol
2019 ⎚ Kumar S. Roy ⓪ 䆪✲₆㞪䢎 McEliece ⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 ἓ⨟ ⽊㞞 䝚⪲䏶䆲[5]㦚 㩲㞞䞮㡖┺. ❇⪳ ὒ 㧎㯳 2 Ṗ㰖 㩞㹾⪲ ῂ㎇♮Ⳇ ⁎Ⱂ 1, ⁎Ⱂ 2 㢖 ṯ ┺. 㞪䢎䢪⓪ ❇⪳ ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 3 ⻞, 㧎㯳 ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 3 ⻞ 㑮䟟♲┺. Kumar S. Roy 㦮 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦖 5 㧻㠦㍲ ⽊┺ ㎎㩗㦒⪲ ㌊䘊⽊Ⳇ 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 䝚⪲䏶䆲ὒ ㎇⓻ 㞞㩫㎇ 䁷Ⳋ㠦㍲ ゚ᾦ ㍳䞮ἶ㧦 䞲┺. ڃ⁎Ⱂٻڌڄٻ❇⪳ٻ㩞㹾ٻ ڃ⁎Ⱂٻڍڄٻ㌗䢎ٻ㧎㯳ٻ㩞㹾ٻ 3. 洢洢橎 稊嵢皦瑢 㩲㞞䞮⓪ ⽊㞞 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦖 ┺㦢 ⚦Ṗ㰖⪲ ῂ㎇♲┺. 㩗䞿 ❪㧊㓺⯒ ㍲⻚㠦 ❇⪳䞮⓪ 㩞㹾㢖 ❇⪳♲ ❪ 㧊㓺Ṗ ㍲⻚㢖 ㌗䢎 䐋㔶䞮₆ 㥚䞲 㧎㯳 㩞㹾⪲ 㧊 ⬾㠊㰚┺. 㞪䢎䢪 ₆⻫㦒⪲⓪ 㟧㧦䅊䜾䎆㦮 Ὃỿ㠦 ⌊㎇㦚 Ṗ㰞 㑮 㧞☚⪳ 䆪✲₆㞪䢎 ROLLO-I, II, III 㭧 II 㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺.
ROLLO-I, ROLLO-III ⓪ KEM(Key Encapsulation Mechanism) 㔳㦒⪲ 㧦㼊㩗㦒⪲ ㎎㎮ 䋺⯒ ㍺Ⱃ䞮㰖 Ⱒ ROLLO-II ⓪ PKE(Public Key Encryption) 㔳㧊₆ ➢ⶎ㧊┺. ⡦䞲 ἓ⨟ ㍺Ἒ⯒ 㥚䟊 㞪䢎䢪 䣵㑮⯒ 㾲 ㏢⪲ 㑮䟟䞮ἶ ⋮Ⲏ㰖 㡆㌆✺㦖 䟊㔲 䞾㑮㢖 XOR 㡆 ㌆ Ⱒ㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺. 䝚⪲䏶䆲 ㍺ⳛ㦚 㥚䞲 䚲₆⻫㦖 䚲 3 ὒ ṯ┺. ڗ䚲ٻڎڙٻ䚲₆⻫ٻ ٻ Notation Meaning
ܴ݁ݍ Request message for registration
ܧ݊ܿௌ Encrypt with server’s public key
ܦ݁ܿௌ Decrypt with server’s private key
ܦௗ, Device id
ܵௗ Server id
ܰǡ ܰ Nonce value
Raspberry Pi B+
CPU ARM [email protected] GHz
Memory 1GB LPDDR2 SDRAM
OS Raspbian
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ܶܵ Time stamp ܹܲ Password ܹܲ௧ Temporary password ݄ٻ Hash function DB Database ܵܭٻ Session key 3.1 娚娚愚決枪 姷嵣 ❪㧊㓺Ṗ ㍲⻚㠦 ❇⪳♮⓪ ┾Ἒ⓪ 㽳 4 ┾Ἒ⪲ ῂ ㎇♮Ⳇ ⁎Ⱂ 3 ὒ ṯ┺. ڃ⁎Ⱂٻڎڄٻ❇⪳ٻ㩞㹾ٻ 㼁⻞㱎, ㍲⻚㠦 ❇⪳㦚 㤦䞮⓪ ❪㧊㓺⓪ 㧦㔶㦮 ❪㧊㓺 id 㢖 nonce Ṩ㦚 ㍲⻚㦮 ὋṲ䋺⪲ 㞪䢎䢪䞮 㡂 㩚㏷䞲┺. ⚦⻞㱎, ㍲⻚⓪ 㑮㔶䞲 Ⲫ㎎㰖 ܴ݁ݍ ⯒ 㧦㔶㦮 Ṳ㧎 䋺⪲ ⽋䢎䢪 䞮㡂 ❪㧊㓺 id 㢖 nonce Ṩ㦚 䢫㧎䞲 ⛺ 䟊╏ ❪㧊㓺⯒ 㥚䞲 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ ㌳㎇䞲┺. ⁎Ⰲ ἶ ㍲⻚㦮 㔶㤦䢫㧎㧊 Ṗ⓻䞲 nonce Ṩὒ ㌳㎇䞲 䕾 㓺㤢✲⯒ 䟊╏ ❪㧊㓺㦮 ὋṲ䋺⪲ 㞪䢎䢪䞮㡂 㩚㏷ 䞲┺. ㎎⻞㱎, ܿଵ㦚 㑮㔶䞲 ❪㧊㓺⓪ 㧦㔶㦮 Ṳ㧎䋺⪲ ⽋ῂ䞲 nonce Ṩ㧊 㧒䂮䞲┺Ⳋ 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ 㞞㩚䞮Ợ 㩖㧻䞲┺. Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ㦒⪲ ܲଵൌ ݄ሺܹܲ۩ܰሻ⯒ Ἒ㌆䞮㡂 ㍲⻚㠦 㩚 ㏷䞲┺. 䟊㔲㦮 㧛⩻ Ṩ㦚 㞢ἶ㧞⓪ ㍲⻚⓪ ܲଵ 㦮 Ỗ 㯳㦚 㑮䟟䞲 ⛺, ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺㠦 ❪㧊㓺 id 㢖 䕾㓺 㤢✲⯒ 㩖㧻䞲┺. 3.2 娚愚決枪 昢憊儊 旇笾 汾溣 ❇⪳㩞㹾⯒ Ệ䂲 ❪㧊㓺Ṗ ㍲⻚㢖 䐋㔶䞮₆ 㥚䞲 ㌗䢎 㧎㯳㦖 㽳 4 ┾Ἒ㧊Ⳇ ⁎Ⱂ 4 㢖 ṯ┺. ڃ⁎Ⱂٻڏڄٻ㌗䢎ٻ㧎㯳ٻ㩞㹾ٻ 㼁⻞㱎, ㌳㎇䞲 nonce Ṩὒ 㧦㔶㦮 ❪㧊㓺 id ⯒ ㍲⻚㦮 ὋṲ䋺⪲ 㞪䢎䢪䞲 ܿଶ ⁎Ⰲἶ ❇⪳ 㔲 㡂 㦖 䕾㓺㤢✲㢖 nonce Ṩ㦒⪲ ܲଶൌ ݄ሺܹܲȁܰሻ⯒ Ἒ㌆ 䞮㡂 ㍲⻚㠦 㩚㏷䞲┺. 㑮㔶䞲 ㍲⻚⓪ 㧦㔶㦮 Ṳ㧎䋺⪲ ⽋䢎䢪 䞲 ❪㧊 㓺 id 㢖 ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺⯒ ╖㫆䞮㡂 䟊╏ ❪㧊㓺㦮 䕾㓺㤢✲㢖 㧚㔲 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ 㫆䣢䞲┺. nonce Ṩὒ ⚦ Ṗ㰖 ἓ㤆㦮 䕾㓺㤢✲⪲ 䟊㔲 Ṩ ܲଶṖ Ỗ㯳♲┺Ⳋ ₆ 㫊 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ 㧚㔲 䕾㓺㤢✲⪲ ∎ἶ ㌞⪲㤊 䕾㓺 㤢✲⯒ ܹܲ௪ൌ ܹܲ۩ܰ ⪲ 㠛◆㧊䔎䞲┺. ⁎Ⰲἶ ㌞ ⪲㤊 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ 䟊㔲 䞲 Ṩ㦚 㩚㏷䞲┺. ❪㧊㓺⓪ 㧦㔶㦮 䕾㓺㤢✲㢖 㧦㔶㧊 ㌳㎇䟞▮ nonce Ṩ㦒⪲ ܲଷ⯒ Ỗ㯳䞲┺. Ỗ㯳㧊 㢚⬢♮Ⳋ ㍲⻚㢖 ṯ㧊 㧦㔶㦮 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ ㌞⪲ ẇ㔶䞲 ⛺, ܲସൌ ݄ሺܹܲ୬ୣ୵۩ܦ୧ୢሻ ⯒ Ἒ㌆䞮㡂 㩚㏷䞮ἶ ㎎㎮ 䋺 ܵܭ ൌ ݄ሺܹܲ୬ୣ୵ȁܦ୧ୢሻ⯒ ㍺Ⱃ䞲┺. Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ㦒⪲ ㍲⻚⓪ ☯㧒䞮Ợ 䟊㔲㦮 㧛⩻ Ṩ㦚 ῂ ㎇䞮㡂 ܲସṖ Ỗ㯳♮Ⳋ, 㧚㔲 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ ㌃㩲䞮ἶ ❪ 㧊㓺㢖 ☯㧒䞮Ợ ㎎㎮ 䋺⯒ ㍺Ⱃ䞲┺. 4. 橎洊昷 把昣 4.1 娚愚決枪 汻律昷 愕 洛懺 匶愆昷 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦮 ❇⪳, ㌗䢎 㧎㯳 㽞₆㠦 ❪ 㧊㓺㦮 㔶㤦㦚 㿪䁷䞶 㑮 㧞⓪ ❪㧊㓺 id ⯒ 㞪䢎䢪 䞮ἶ nonce Ṩ㦒⪲ 㧎䟊 㞪䢎ⶎ☚ 䟃㌗ ⼖䞲┺. ➢ⶎ 㠦 㠊⟺ ❪㧊㓺Ṗ 㠊ⓦ㩫☚ 䐋㔶䞮ἶ 㧞⓪㰖 㿪㩗 㧊 Ṗ⓻䞮┺. ⡦䞲 㩗䞿䞲 ㌂㣿㧦Ⱒ㧊 ㏷㑮㔶♮⓪ 㩫⽊⯒ 㞢 㑮
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-2020 온라인 춘계학술발표대회 논문집 제27권 제1호 (-2020. 5)㧞㠊㟒 䞲┺. 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 䝚⪲䏶䆲㠦㍲⓪ 㭧㣪 㩫⽊✺ 㧊 㞪䢎 ₆⻫, 䟊㔲 䞾㑮⯒ 䐋䟊 㞪䢎䢪 ♮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㩗䞿䞮㰖 㞠㦖 ㌂㣿㧦⓪ ❪㧊㓺 id, nonce Ṩ, 䕾㓺 㤢✲㢖 ṯ㦖 㩫⽊㠦 㩧⁒䞶 㑮 㠜┺. 4.2 渗渗儊沖 击击冯, 沲洊暧 击冯 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 䝚⪲䏶䆲㠦㍶ ❪㧊㓺⯒ ❇⪳䞮ἶ ㎎㎮ 䋺⯒ ㍺Ⱃ䞮⓪ ὒ㩫 ⳾⚦㠦㍲ 㧎㯳 Ⲫ㎎㰖 P ⯒ 䐋䟊 ㍲⪲㦮 䐋㔶 ㌂㔺㦚 䢫㧎䞮ἶ 㧞₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㭧Ṛ㧦 Ὃ ỿ㠦 ╖䞲 ⽊㞞㎇㦚 䢫⽊䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 㨂㩚㏷ Ὃỿ㠦 ╖䟊㍲⓪ ㎎㎮ 㽞₆㠦 ㌳㎇䞲 nonce Ṩ㧊 㞪䢎䢪 ♮㠊 㩚㏷♮Ệ⋮, 㩚㏷♮⓪ 䟊㔲 㧛⩻ Ṩ㠦 㡗䟻㦚 㭒₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ⳾✶ Ⲫ㎎㰖㠦 nonce Ṩ㧊 ὖ㡂䞮Ợ ♲┺. ➆⧒㍲ 㧊㩚 ㎎㎮㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ Ⲫ㎎㰖 㦮 ⌊㣿㧊 ⁎╖⪲ ㌂㣿 ♲┺Ⳋ 㨂㩚㏷ Ὃỿ㧊⧒ 䕦┾ 䞮㡂 㠊䞶 㑮 㧞┺.
4.3 PFS(Perfect Forward Secrecy)
PFS 㦮 ╂㎇㦚 㥚䟊㍶ Ṳ㧎䋺Ṗ ⏎㿲♮㠊☚, ὒỆ 㠦 ☚㼃╏䞲 䐋㔶 ₆⪳✺㦮 ⽊㞞㧊 㰖䅲㪎㟒 䞲┺. 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 䝚⪲䏶䆲㠦㍶ ❪㧊㓺Ṗ 䌞䀾♮㠊 䕾㓺㤢 ✲Ṗ ⏎㿲♲┺ 䟊☚ nonce Ṩ㦚 㞢㞚⌊㰖 ⴑ䞮Ⳋ ẇ㔶 ♮₆ 㩚㦮 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ 㿪㩗䞶 㑮 㠜₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 㧊㩚 䐋㔶 ₆⪳㦚 䟊䌏䞶 㑮 㠜┺. ➆⧒㍲ 㾲㫛㩗㦒⪲ PFS ⯒ ╂㎇䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 5. 捊剖 把昣 5.1 稊嵢皦瑢 昷垫
Kumar S. Roy 㦮 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦖 㞪䢎䢪 ₆⻫㦒⪲ Goppa 䆪✲ ₆㦮 McEliece ⯒ ㌂㣿䞲┺. McEliece 㦮 㡆㌆ ㏣☚⓪ ザ⯊㰖Ⱒ 䋺 ㌂㧊㯞Ṗ ⰺ㤆 䋂┺. ╖䚲㩗㦒⪲ Round2 ⯒ 㰚䟟㭧㧎 Classic McEliece ⓪ 8-bit AVR 䝚⪲ ㎎㍲㠦⓪ 㩖㧻䞶 㑮 㠜㦚 Ⱒ䋒 䋺 ㌂㧊㯞Ṗ 䋂┺. 䞮 㰖Ⱒ 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 䝚⪲䏶䆲㠦㍲⓪ 㩗䞿䞲 䋺 ㌂㧊㯞⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮Ⳇ 㡆㌆ ㏣☚ ⡦䞲 㭖㑮䞲 ROLLO ⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖 ┺. ARM 䝚⪲㎎㍲㠦㍲ 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦮 ㎇⓻㦚 䁷㩫䞮㡖㦒 Ⳇ 䚲 4 㢖 ṯ┺. ڗ䚲ٻڏڙٻ㎇⓻ٻ䁷㩫ڃۈێڄٻ Registration Authentication Proposed Protocol 82 41 㞪䢎䢪㠦⓪ Ⱔ㦖 㡆㌆㧊 㣪ῂ♮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ἓ⨟ 䝚 ⪲䏶䆲 ㍺Ἒ⯒ 㥚䟊㍲⓪ 㑮䟟♮⓪ 㞪䢎䢪 䣵㑮Ṗ 㭧 㣪䞮┺. Kumar S. Roy 㦮 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦖 ❇⪳ ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 3 ⻞, 㧎㯳 ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 3 ⻞㦮 㞪䢎䢪Ṗ 㑮䟟♮⓪ Ⳋ 㩲 㞞 䝚⪲䏶䆲㠦㍲⓪ ❇⪳ ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 2 ⻞, 㧎㯳 ὒ㩫㠦 ㍲⓪ 1 ⻞Ⱒ 㑮䟟♲┺. ❇⪳ ὒ㩫㦖 㽞₆㠦 ṗ㧦㦮 㔶 㤦㦚 䢫㧎䟊㟒 䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ❪㧊㓺㠦㍲ 1 ⻞, ㍲⻚ 㠦㍲ 1 ⻞, 㽳 2 ⻞㦮 㞪䢎䢪⯒ 㑮䟟䞮㡖┺. 㧎㯳 ὒ㩫 㠦㍲⓪ 䕾㓺㤢✲㢖 㧋ⳛ㎇㦚 㥚䞲 ❪㧊㓺 id 㞪䢎 䢪 1 ⻞Ⱒ㦚 㑮䟟䞮ἶ 㧊䤚⪲⓪ 㧎㯳♲ 䕾㓺㤢✲㢖 䟊 㔲 䞾㑮⯒ 䢲㣿䞮㡂 ㍲⪲㦮 㔶㤦㦚 䡪┺. 5.2 稊嵢皦瑢 橎洊昷 PFS ╂㎇㦮 䁷Ⳋ㠦㍲ ⧒⽊㞮㦚 ➢, Kumar S. Roy 㦮 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦖 䐋㔶ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 䕾㓺㤢✲, Ṳ㧎䋺⯒ 㩫㩗㦒 ⪲ ㌂㣿䞲┺. ➢ⶎ㠦 ❪㧊㓺Ṗ 䌞䀾♮㠊 Ṳ㧎䋺㢖 䕾㓺㤢✲Ṗ ⏎㿲♮㠞㦚 ➢, ὒỆ㦮 䐋㔶 ₆⪳㧊 䟊䌏 ╏䞶 㑮 㧞┺. 䞮㰖Ⱒ 㩲㞞䞮⓪ 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦖 䐋㔶 䤚 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ 㠛◆㧊䔎 䞮₆ ➢ⶎ㠦 ὒỆ㦮 䐋㔶 ₆⪳ 䟊䌏㠦 䞚㣪䞲 䕾㓺㤢✲⯒ 㞢 㑮 㠜┺. 6. 冶嵦 ⽎ ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲⓪ ┺Ṗ㡺⓪ 㟧㧦䅊䜾䎆 㔲╖⯒ ╖゚䞮 㡂 䆪✲₆㞪䢎⯒ 䢲㣿䞲 ἓ⨟ ⽊㞞 䝚⪲䏶䆲㦚 ㍺ Ἒ䞮㡖┺. 䋺 ㌂㧊㯞Ṗ 㧧ἶ 㡆㌆ ㏣☚Ṗ ザ⯎ ROLLO ⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ 㞪䢎䢪 㑮䟟 䣵㑮⯒ 㭚㧊ἶ 䟊㔲 䞾㑮㢖 XOR 㡆㌆㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺. 㩲㞞 䝚⪲䏶䆲 㦮 ῂ䡚 䆪✲⓪ Github[6]㠦 ὋṲ♮㠊 㧞㦒Ⳇ 䟻䤚 㡆 ῂ 䟻㦒⪲⓪ 䝚⪲䏶䆲 㞞㩚㎇ ㍳㠦 ⻪㣿㩗㦒⪲ ㌂㣿♮⓪ AVISPA 䒊[7]㦚 䢲㣿䞲 㧦☯䢪 ㍳ὒ ἓ⨟ ㍺Ἒ⯒ 㥚䞲 Ṳ㍶㦚 㰚䟟䞶 㡞㩫㧊┺. 焾処怾竒
[1] J. Gubbi, R. Buyya, S. Marusic, and M. Palaniswami, "Internet of things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions ", Future Gen. Comput. Syst., vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1645–1660, 2013.
[2] Wang KH, Chen CM, Fang W, Wu TY "A secure authentication scheme for internet of things" Pervasive Mobile Comput 42:15–26, 2017.
[3] R. J. McEliece "A Public-Key Cryptosystem Based On Algebraic Coding Theory", Technical report, NASA, 1978. [4] C. A. Melchor, etc "ROLLO –Rank-Ouroboros, LAKE &
LOCKER", Submission to the NIST post quantum standardization process, Round 2, 2019.
[5] K. S. Roy, H. K. Kalita, "A Code based Light-weight Authentication Scheme for IoT in Fog Computing Environment", Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, vol. 11, 06-Special Issue, 2019.
[6] Github: source code (Internet). Available:
https://github.com/starj1023/Code-Based-Protocol-ROLLO-
[7] Armando A, etc, "The AVISPA tool for the automated validation of internet security protocols and applications. In: International Conference on Computer Aided Verification", Springer, pp 281–285, 2005.
