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Antimicrobial Activity against Respiratory Bacteria by Asparagus Cochinchinensis Extracts and its Antioxidant Capacity

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(1)

천문동 추출물의 호흡기 세균에 대한 항균활성 및 항산화

정민기1, 김수인1, 정해진1, 이충렬2, 손홍주1, 황대연1, 이희섭1, 김동섭1*

1부산대학교식품공학과

2

(

)

강림오가닉

Received: November 13, 2015 / Revised: December 9, 2015 / Accepted: December 10, 2015

서 론

세계보건기구는 매년 대기오염으로 인하여 사망자가

140

만−

600

만명에이를것으로추정하며수치는매년

생하는사망자의

5%

달하는수치라고밝혔다

[31].

오염물질미세먼지가인체에미치는영향이가장

것으로알려져있으며

[28]

호흡기

,

심혈관계질환발생은

세먼지의노출과관련이있다고보고되고있다

[8, 15, 26].

세먼지의흡입은

·

하부기도의염증반응을유발하고활성 산소와산화스트레스가증가되어바이러스나세균감염에

취약하게만든다

.

이로인해천식

,

기관지염

,

만성폐쇄성질

등의호흡기질환이발생한다

[28].

우리나라는도시화

,

업화

,

중국발미세먼지등으로인해전국도시의미세먼 농도가꾸준히증가하고있으며이로인해국민들의 강이위협받고있다

[28].

통계청의

사망원인통계

따르면

10

사인만성하기도질환

,

폐렴이포함되어있으며 렴으로인한사망원인순위가

2004

10

위에서

2014

5

위까지 상승하였고 사망률 또한

2004

7.1%, 2013

21.4%, 2014

년에는

23.7%

꾸준히증가하고있다고보고 하였다

[29].

한편

,

천문동

(Asparagus cochinchinensis)

백합과에 하는다년생초본식물로우리나라남부해안지방에서많이 자라며한방에서는뿌리를약재로사용하며천문

,

지동

,

년송의이명이있다

[12].

천문동의맛은달고쓰며자음

(

滋陰

), Antimicrobial Activity against Respiratory Bacteria by Asparagus Cochinchinensis Extracts and its Antioxidant

Capacity

Min-Gi Jung

1

, Su-In Kim

1

, Hae-Jin Jeong

1

, Chung-Yeol Lee

2

, Hong-Joo Son

1

, Dae-Youn Hwang

1

, Hee-sup Lee

1

, and Dong-Seob Kim

1

*

1

Department of Food Science & Technology, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea

2

Kanglim Organic Co., Ltd., Miryang 627-881, Republic of Korea

This study was aimed at determining the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of solvent extracts from Asparagus cochinchinensis.

The Asparagus cochinchinensis was extracted with water, methanol, ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ether. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was determined by modified well diffusion methods against 4 species of respi- ratory disease bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aerugi- nosa). In addition, the amount of total polyphenol and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. Ethyl acetate extract of A. cochinchinensis exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms than water, methanol, etha- nol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ether extracts. For antioxidant activity, the ethyl acetate extract of A. cochinchinensis exhibited a notable effect on the scavenging of superoxide against DPPH (IC

50

= 3.81 mg/ml). Finally, the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 14 ± 0.7 mg/g, and 0.50 ± 0.13 mg/g, respectively. These results can be regarded as basic research into A. cochinchinensis for the prevention of respiratory diseases. The results indicate that A. cochinchinensis may be utilized as a nutraceutical for respiratory diseases when the physiologically active substances of A. cochinchinensis are increased by further study.

Keywords: Antimicrobial acitivity, respiratory disease, antioxidant activity, Asparagus cochinchinensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, well diffusion methods

*Corresponding author

Tel: +82-55-350-5359, Fax: +82-55-350-5359 E-mail: [email protected]

© 2015, The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology

(2)

윤조

(

潤燥

),

생진

(

生津

),

청폐

(

淸肺

),

진해

,

거담등에효능이 있다고알려져있으며

[7] asparagine, steroidal saponin,

β

- sitosterol

등의기능성성분을함유하고있다

[4].

이러한 문동은민간에서천식

,

호흡기질환등에효능이있다고알려 있으나이에대한과학적이고체계적인연구는거의 무한실정이다

.

한편항산화물질은생체대사과정중에생성되는각종 활성산소종에의한산화반응을억제하여여러질환들을 방해주는생리활성물질이다

.

생체대사과정중에산소의 완전한환원으로

superoxide radical

등의활성산소가생성 되어산화적스트레스를유발한다

.

이들이증가시폐손상 임상적으로중요한독성을일으킬있다는보고

[10, 11]

있으며증가된산화물이여러형태로폐질환발생에관여한 다는보고가있다

[18].

따라서연구에서는천문동의호흡기질환의효능을 아보기위해서추출용매를각각달리한천문동추출물로 부비동염과 관련된 균주

Staphylococcus epidermidis [24]

병원감염폐렴에서발견되어지는

Escherichia coli

[13],

만성폐쇄성질환 세균성 감염 균주인

Pseudomonas

aeruginosa[30]

그리고

Staphylococcus aureus[9, 22]

흡기질환관련세균성균주에대한항균활성항산화를 살펴보았다

.

재료 및 방법

재료

전라북도고창군고창읍에있는고창천문농원에서재배

17

년산천문동의뿌리를동결건조

(FD5510S-FD5520S, Ilshinbiobase Co., Dongducheon, Korea)

하여 분쇄기

(MF- 3100S, Hanil Electric Co., Seoul, Korea)

50 mesh

이하 균질화하여재료로사용하였다

.

사용균주 및 배지

추출물의항균력실험에사용된균주는한국미생물보존센

(KCCM)

에서 분양받았다

.

그람양성균으로는

S. aureus KCCM 40881, S. epidermidis KCCM 35494

그람음성균

E. coli KCCM 11234, P. aeruginosa KCCM 11328

사용하 였다

.

미생물의배양에사용된배지는모두

Dicfco(San Jose,

CA, USA)

제품을사용하였으며세균의배양항균력

정에는

Tripticase Soy Broth(TSB, Dicfo)

Muller Hinton broth(MHA, Dicfo)

각각사용하였다

.

추출물 제조

용매로는

,

메탄올

(MeOH),

에탄올

(EtOH),

노르말헥산

(n-hexane),

에틸아세테이트

(EtOAc),

에테르

(Ether)

사용

하였다

.

에탄올와메탄올추출은각각

60

o

C, 70

o

C

에서환류 냉각하여

24

시간

3

추출하였으며노르말헥산

,

에틸아세 테이트추출은시료

50 g

각각의용매

500 ml

진탕항온 수조

(SHWB-30/45, Woori science Instrument Co., Pocheon, Korea)

50

o

C

에서

110 rpm

으로

24

시간

3

반복추출하였

. Ether

추출은시료

50 g

에테르

500 ml

상온에서

190 rpm

진탕

(VS-202D, Vision scientific, Daejeon, Korea)

24

시간

3

추출하였다

.

추출된시료들은모두농축시키 일정량을농도로희석한실험에사용하였다

.

추출물은천문동

75 g

증류수

500 ml

넣고추출기

(Dongnam Co., Daejeon, Korea)

이용하여

121

o

C

에서

45

이행하였다

.

여과지

(Whatsman No. 2)

사용하여감압 여과여과액을동결건조하여사용했으며

,

용매극성에 헥산

,

디클로로메탄

,

에틸아세테이트

,

부탄올순으로 획하여농축시킨실험에사용하였다

.

항균력 측정

천문동추출물의항균활성검사를위하여

well diffusion

methods

[20]

변형하여실험하였다

.

균주들은

37

o

C

에서

TSB

액체배지에

2

계대배양하였으며

UV-spetrophotometer (Optizen POP, Mecasys Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Korea)

용하여

O.D.

650nm

= 0.4

농도로일정하게조정한항균실 험에사용하였다

.

일정한농도로조정한균을

MHA

배지에

(0.8% agar) 1%

접종 균일하게 섞은

petri dish

20 ml

분주하였다

.

실온에서응고시킨

pateur pipette

이용하여직경

6 mm well

만들어각각의추출물

70

μ

l

주입하였고

negative control

로는각각의추출용매를주입하 였다

. 37

o

C

배양기에서일정시간배양

well

주위의생장 저해환직경

(mm)

측정하였다

.

최소저해농도 측정

항균활성이 나타난 추출물의 최소저해농도

(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)

측정하기위해항균력

정과동일한방법으로실행하여생장저해환이

8 mm

이상

나타내것을최소저해농도로정하였다

[3, 17, 33].

DPPH radical 소거활성

천문동추출물의항산화효과는

Sanchez-Moreno C[25]

방법으로측정하였다

. 0.1 mM DPPH 1 ml

농도별추출

1 ml

가하여섞고

, 30

분간암실에서방치한다음

517 nm

에서흡광도를측정하였다

.

이때추출물대신메탄올을 가하여대조구로하였고시료와흡광도의차이를백분율로

하여

radical

소거능을나타내었으며

,

직선회귀식을구한

50%

소거능을나타내는시료농도를

IC

50으로결과를나타

내었다

.

양성대조구로는

L-ascorbic acid

사용하여활성

(3)

비교하였다

.

Radical-scavenging activity(%) = [(ADPPH-AExtr) / ADPPH]

×

100

A

DPPH

: Control absorbance at 517 nm

A

Extr

: Sample absorbance at 517 nm

총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량 측정

추출물의폴리페놀함량은

Folin-Denis

[1]

의해측정 하였다

.

추출물을농도별로제조한

,

농도별추출물

0.2 ml,

증류수

1.8 ml, Folin-Ciocaltue's phenol

시약

0.2 ml

3

분간반응시켰다

.

반응시킨용액을

0.4 ml Na

2

CO

3 화용액과증류수

1.4 ml

첨가하고

1

시간동안암실에서

725 nm

에서흡광도를측정하였다

.

폴리페놀화합물

표준물질

tannic acid(TA, Sigma Co., St. Louis, Mo, USA)

0, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500

μ

g/ml

농도로조정한 흡광도를측정하여작성한표준곡선으로부터폴리페놀 함량을구하였다

.

플라보노이드의함량은

Nieva Moreno

[21]

변형하여 측정하였다

.

농도별 추출액

0.1 ml

80% ethanol

0.4 ml

혼합한

10% aluminum nitrate 0.1 ml, 1 M potassium acetate 0.1 ml, 80% ethanol 4.3 ml

첨가하였

.

혼합액은상온에서

40

분간반응시킨

415 nm

에서 광도를측정하였다

.

플라보노이드함량의표준곡선은

quercetin (Sigma Co.)

0, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500

μ

g/ml

농도로조정 흡광도를측정하여작성하였다

.

결과 및 고찰

천문동 추출물의 항균활성

추출용매를달리한천문동뿌리추출물로

4

종의호흡기 균에대한항균활성을확인하였다

(Table 1).

추출물을

25, 50, 100, 200 mg/ml

농도로항균활성을살펴본결과

,

메탄올

,

에탄올

,

헥산

,

에테르추출물과추출물의분획물에서는

균활성을확인할없었으나에틸아세테이트추출물에서

S. aureus

8.1 mm, P. aeruginosa 9.3 mm, E. coli 8 mm, S.

epidermidis 8 mm

4

종의호흡기세균모두항균활성이 타났다

(Fig. 1).

β

-sitosterol

β

-sitosterol glucoside

함께

anti-tumor, anti-microbial, immunomodulatory activities

등에 활성을나타낸다고보고

[34]

있으며에틸아세테이트의

추출물의β

-sitosterol

같은물질이호흡기세균에서항균

활성을나타내는것으로사료된다

.

최소저해농도(MIC) 측정

항균활성을나타낸에틸아세테이트추출물의최소저해농

(MIC)

측정한결과는

Table 2

나타내었다

. S. aureus

E. coli

100 mg/ml, S. epidermidis

75 mg/ml, P.

aeruginosa

25 mg/ml

에서각각최소저해농도

(MIC)

정되어

P. aeruginosa

대한항균활성이가장높게나타냈

..

같은백합과에속하며천문동과효능이비슷하다고 려진 맥문동의경우

,

맥문동 추출물에서

S. aureus, E.

coli,

메탄올

,

에탄올추출물에서

S. aureus

메탄올추출물

P. aeruginosa, S. aureus

대해항균활성이 나타나지 않았다는연구결과

[5, 16, 23]

미루어

4

종의호흡기 균에대한항균력이미약하거나없는것으로판단된다

.

실험에서천문동의

,

메탄올

,

에탄올추출물에서 균활성이나타나지않았다는결과와일치하나맥문동의 용매추출물에대한보고가없어정확한비교를 었다

.

한편

Yuk[34]

등은

lactose-

β

-sitosterol

β

-sitosterol

ovalbumin

으로유도된폐렴에효과가있다고보고하고

.

또한

,

β

-sitosterol

폐의조직병리학에서기도염증으로 부터세포를보호하는작용과알레르기성천식에대한치료 가능성을가진물질이라고알려져있다

[19].

이와같은선행 연구로부터천문동에포함되어있는생리활성물질은호흡기 질환에영향을있을것이라예측되며향후가공

·

발효 등의연구를통하여생리활성물질을높인다면건강기능

Table 1. Antimicrobial activity of Asparagus cochinchinensis extracts against respiratory microbial.

Strains Inhibition zone (mm)

Water Methanol Ethanol n-hexane Ethyl acetate Ether

S.aureus - - - - +++ -

E.coli - - - - +++ -

S.epidermidis - + + - +++ -

P.aeruginosa - ++ + - +++ -

The data represent the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments

-; not detected, +; 0.6 −0.7 mm, ++; 0.7−0.8 mm, +++; 0.8−0.9 mm

Concentration of 200 mg/ml

(4)

식품소재로서가능성이있을것으로사료된다

.

총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량

식물계에존재하는플라보노이드등의페놀류들은

phenolic

hydroxyl

그룹때문에라디칼들과쉽게공명하고거대분자

들과쉽게결합하며

,

항산화항균여러가지생리활성

가진다

[5, 6].

실험에서천문동에틸아세테이트추출물

폴리페놀플라보노이드함량을측정한결과각각

14

±

0.7, 0.50

±

0.13 mg/g

나타났다

.

맥문동뿌리의경우 플라보노이드함량은메탄올추출물

3.31 mg/g,

추출물

2.36 mg/g,

폴리페놀함량은메탄올추출물

7.09 mg/g,

추출물

3.90 mg/g

라고보고

[27]

되어폴리페놀의경우맥문

Table 2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the ethyl acetate extract of from Asparagus cochinchinensis against micro- organisms.

Strains Inhibition zone (mm) MIC

(mg/ml) 6.25 mg/ml 12.5 mg/ml 25 mg/ml 50 mg/ml 75 mg/ml 100 mg/ml

S. aureus - - - ++ ++ +++ 100

E. coli - - - ++ ++ +++ 100

S. epidermidis - - - - +++ +++ 75

P. aeruginosa - - +++ +++ +++ +++ 25

The data represent the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments -; not detected, +; 0.6 −0.7 mm, ++; 0.7−0.8 mm, +++; 0.8−0.9 mm

Fig. 1. Antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis by using well diffusion methods. Concentra-

tion of the 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml.

(5)

동의추출물보다는

3.5

,

에탄올추출물보다는

2

높은함량을나타냈으나플라보노이드같은경우에는 함량을나타났다

.

DPPH radical 소거활성에 의한 항산화 활성

항균활성을나타낸에틸아세테이트추출물의항산화 성을알아보기위해

L-ascorbic acid

양성대조구로하고 출물과

DPPH radical

소거활성을측정한결과추출물의

1

10 mg/ml

농도에서

32.5

88% radical

소거활성을나타내어 농도가 높을수록 높은 소거활성을 나타내었다

. IC

50

Radical

50%

소거하는 농도를 말하는 것으로써

, L-

ascorbic acid

에틸아세테이트추출물의

IC

50각각

0.17, 3.83 mg/ml

나타내어대조구의

4.4

×

10

-2정도의효능 나타내었다

. Bae

[2]

볶음처리하지않은맥문동 추출물

1 mg/ml

60

μ

M DPPH

1:1

반응시켰을

10%

소거능을나타냈으며

190

o

C

볶음처리한맥문 뿌리추출물

1 mg/ml

에서

50%

소거능을보였으며

,

Seo [21]

맥문동뿌리의

,

메탄올추출물

1 mg/ml

도에서시료와

0.2 mM DPPH

2:1

반응시켰을각각

12.78. 28%

소거활성을보였다고기술하였다

.

요 약

연구에서는민간에서호흡기질환에효능이있다고 려진천문동뿌리를재료로하고추출물을각각달리하여 흡기세균에대한항균작용항산화를살펴보았다

.

여러 가지추출용매에틸아세테이트추출물에서만호흡기 균에 대한 항균활성이 나타났으며 최소저해농도

(MIC)

S. aureus

E. coli

100 mg/ml, S. epidermidis

75 mg/

ml, P. aeruginosa

25 mg/ml

각각측정되어

P. aeruginosa

대한항균활성이가장높았다

.

항균활성을나타낸에틸 아세테이트 추출물의 항산화 활성을 알아보기 위해

L- ascorbic acid

대조구로하여

DPPH radical

소거활성을 정한결과는

IC

50각각

0.17, 3.83 mg/ml

나타났다

.

폴리페놀플라보노이드함량은측정한결과각각

14

±

0.7, 0.50

±

0.13 mg/g

나타내었다

.

연구는천문동 연구의초석으로서향후에생리활성효과를증진시킬 연구가진행된다면건강기능식품소재로서가능성이 있다고생각된다

.

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (No. 114034-03).

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수치

Table 1. Antimicrobial activity of Asparagus cochinchinensis extracts against respiratory microbial.
Fig. 1. Antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract of Asparagus cochinchinensis by using well diffusion methods

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