Effects of Clay Minerals Treatment on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Growth Inhibition of Microoganism of Some Foods

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(1)KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 23~29 (2005). ©The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology. &æ ®~ z' ß9 5 Ã ÛBö 6Æ%b ¾Ò~ 'Ë ;KêÁÖÁB%#Á\/Á;òç* Ï§v ®". Effects of Clay Minerals Treatment on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Growth Inhibition of Microoganism of Some Foods Ok-Jin Jeong, Koan Sik Woo, Kwang-Yup Kim, Hee-Bong Lee, and Heon-Sang Jeong* Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University To investigate potential characteristics of clay minerals (illite, kaolin, zeolite, vermiculite, and bentonite) for food industry application, antioxidative properties of clay minerals, electron-donating ability (EDA), peroxide value (POV), and thiobabituric acid (TBA) were measured, and antimicrobial activity against several food spoilage microorganisms were evaluated by minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method. Changes in components by cooking clay minerals added to stored rice were measured by GC-MS. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) analysis results revealed bentonite has strongest EDA at 20.6%. Antioxidant activities measured based on POV were similar to DPPH results. Induction period of linoleic acid with vermiculite was longest among. TBA results revealed zeolite hasstrongest antioxidant ability. Growth inhibition against E. coli and S. aureuswas observed in illite, vermiculite, and zeolite. Aroma components indicated decrease in hexanal, pentanal, nonanal, linoleate, stearic acid, and oleic acid when clay minerals were added to stored rice. These results indicate that several clay minerals have antioxidative and antimicrobial abilities and improve flavor profiles in stored rice. Key words: clay minerals, antioxidative properties, growth inhibition of microoganism, aroma, physical properties. *. . ¢Ú¾V r^ö, ¦ " Ú¦ j ~ ~º *îï ' &® B, 1 g ' 500-1,000 m3 ö . ~ f − 6º + ~ *~¢ < ®, > & *~¢ &ê Nj rÚVº '« *çj ¢bÎ . V¢B 6Æº " VËö ~ &æ z' bÒ' ßWj ¾æÚ² >º, .¢ Ú, z' W 6º z' zW¢ ¢Úæº Nv~W, OW, z£ ®"~ >wW, FVÁZV Ú~ ;WË, / Ë, cJW, 6W, &²W j <º& ~, >7öBº 6Æ~ ^ «¶ & ªÖÁ*ç~º ' Wîj ¾æÚVê (2-8). 6Æ7bf ·f «¶f ç~ ßWç W'. Ö B, '« Wª~ OÁOÂÁ;, Öê, ÛVW, Û>W bÒ' z' Wîj ²Ö~º . ¦ Î"¢ B>~ º Û' ßWj &æ(9), ¢>'b Nv~Ïï ¸f ßWç ÿb S~&j r ï ZVbj j '·² Ïj BF(10)~ Ë Ú F&Ê O 5 æ Oæ ~ Î "& ;>Ú z (11-12). ¾" ÚÖ 6Æ7b 7öº ' « ¦>' Î"¢ V& > ®röê ®~, Ú' BBö ~ ®Öë' &~ { Ïª® Úææ p ®º ; . *Ò ÖÒ¾¢öB ®Î&bB æ;>Ú ®º ®ÏW7 bWbîf diatomaceous earth, kaolin, bentonite, acid clay,. 6Æ7b(clay mineral)f 6Æf Â] ª>º ÏÚB, 6Æº Wbî~ «~ö &ê ì Jæ «¶~ Vòj J~º >~, 6Æ7bf 7b~ Ö;ö :ûj z ª~Bv . ¯, 6Æ7b¦ Æ·~ W";öB ÒW B 2N 7b V& 0.002 mm ~ ·f «¶, 6Æ ¢ W~ ®º Ö;ö ~~ 6Æ F~ ß> W îj ¾æ¾² ~º 7b j ö (1). 6Æ7bf Ï~ n*W ~ö V¢B ÒÚöB~ Si4+ Al3+b ~ ~>¾ jî Mg2+& Fe2+¾ Al3+ ~~>º >ê ® . öò jî¢, [" [ Ò~ *ö ~¾~ N 6º NV ¢ &öb *V' ;j Fæ~² >º, z® K+¾ Na+ 6º Ca2+ N &Ë z® Ú&º ¢N . 6Æ¢ W~º 6Æ7bf Îv [* f Â2¢ ®, ßWç «¶~ Ú¦öê H2O& Â«~º *ç *Corresponding author: Heon-Sang Jeong, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesingdong, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763 Korea Tel: 82-43-261-2570 Fax: 82-43-271-4412 E-mail: [email protected] 23.

(2) ®"²æ B 37 ² B 1 ^ (2005). 24. talc, perite 6«, ®Î&b*ö acid clay¢ B ¾^æ ®Ïö &~ WªÏj J;~ ® . 6 . ®ÏW7bWbîf “®~ B 6º &ç jº®&Ö ãÖ º ÒÏ~Bº jî>, ®7~ ºïf 0.5% ~” ;>Ú ® (13). ¾ illitef zeolite, vermiculite ~ 6Æ7b~ ®ö & Ò' W, FW 5 FÏ Wö & º ®Î&b æ;>Ú ®æ pf F & ~ ìº ; . V¢B öBº ÖÒ¾¢f ?f ¶ö¦ &öB Öë~ BãçKj ¸V *Bº ¦&&~& ¸f B® ~ Ö*Û" þ ¦¶öj & BB~ Î"'b Ï~º ¶ö*Û ÿö jº~V r^ö ÚÖ 6Æ7 b ~ ® Öë' ÆÒ' &~¢ rj, ÏßWö &~ ~¶ 6Æ7b N 6º NV¢ &æ ® g ' 9f 6j V. ~ ÖzW, W ~ ÒW" bWæzf ËVOË j Ò~& .. Òò 5 O» Òò ö ÒÏB 6Æ7bf {z VF² ¦V ªö ; BAf ©b illite, kaolin, zeolite, bentonite 5 vermiculite¢ ÒÏ~&b, DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)ö ~ *¶Ë, "Özb& 5 TBA& (thiobarbituric acid value) G; 0.5% ~ Î&~ ~& . Öz 9 G; *¶Ë(electron donating ability, EDA)f Blois(14)f Kim (15)~ O»j æ;~ G;~& . ¯ 1Ü10−4 M DPPH(1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) Ï(99.9% methanolö Ï) 3 mLö ' 6Æ7bj 0.5%O & ê 525 nmöB 30ª ÿn~ 7 ê 6²~¢ G;~& . 7ê¢ G; r fö ª">º ' 6Æ7bö ~ 7ê~ Nº 6Æ7bò~ 7ê¢ G;~ ; "î, r *¶Ëf ò Î&f j Î&~ 7ê N¢ WªN ¾æÚî . "Özb&º Hayasef Kato(16)~ O»b G;~& . ¯, 50 mL ÇÂ2 ö linoleic acid 1 gj ê öêR 20 mL¢ & linoleic acid¢ ' 6Æ7bj 0.5%O & ê 0.2 M ÖjÏ Ï(pH7.0) 25 mL¢ & b r 50oCöB 7¢ ÿn & ËV . ê, >w Ïj 300 mL ªvö TZ. r ²ï~ b" " 2 gj &~ ª 25 mL¢ ÒÏ 3² ºÂ r ~[j 250 mL â' 2¢Êö Îb .Ö 25 mLf z KIÏ 1 mL¢ & 1ª* êû ê z ²ö 10ª* O~ r Ã~> 50 mL¢ &~ 1% *ªÏ j æ£b ~ 0.01 N JÖ¾Þ Ïj ';~ & . 6 TBA&º Mitsuda (17)" Sidwell (18)~ O»ö V¢ 0.1 M ÖjÏ(pH7.0)" öêRj 4 : 1 b Ï. ö linoleic acid¢ 0.03 M >ê Î&~ VîÏb ~ & VîÏ 20 mLö 0.1 M ÖjÏ(pH7.0) 19.2 mL, Ò ' 6Æ7bj 0.5%O Î& ê 40oC Fæ>º NVöB ê³ êû~ 5¢ ÿn &ËÊ TBA&¢ G; ~&b, Î&>º 6Æ7b ¶Ú~ bç;ê¢ VB~V * ~ Î þf 6Æ7bj Î& &¢ J;~& . ÖzWö & þf Î òö &~ 3² > þj ê Ûê¾Ò ~& .. 6Æ%b b~ Gö ~º 'Ë 6Æ7b b~ Gö ~º 'Ëj ÚÚV *~ ¢>'b ®ö Ò~ 7ëj ¢bÊº b r Jê Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6633, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 27662, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 9027 j ÒÏ~&b, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 ~ GVæº Tryptic soy broth(Difco, Detroit, MI, USA)¢ ÒÏ~&, ¾^æ ~ GVæº Mueller Hinton broth (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA)¢ ÒÏ~& . þ "& 7«B ÒVæöB W. 10 mL ÚVæö 7«~ 30oC öB 24* V·Î V· 0.1 mL¢ 10 mL ÚVæ ö 7«~ 30oCöB 24* V·V . " V· 0.1 mL¢ ' 6Æ7bî 10, 100, 1000 ppm~ ³êê FB broth 50 mLö 7« ê 30oCöB 72*ÿn V·~ B 12* *Ïb 1 mL¢ ~ spectrophotometer¢ ÒÏ ~ 620 nmöB 7ê¢ G;~ ~ Ã;ê¢ jv~ &b, 2² G;~& . bB~ Z~ bÒ' ß9 Z¢ } aÚ ºòÒ¢ B ê, 7 ¦ª" ^Ò ¦ª j B, &Ú ¦ª 7öB Z ¦ªj B ¦ªj 3 Ü3Ü0.5 cm V ¢;~² Ú þö ÒÏ~& . 600 mL j ö Z 300 gO ''ö 2%~ ².j Î&~ 20oC öB 12* ;~ ê 0.1%~ ' 6Æbî FB Ã~> 3² ^¿~ j>ö ^ bV¢ ¦ r 20oCöB 5¢* &Ë~& . &ËV* ÿnö B~º Z~ ç æz¢ rheometer(RT3010D, Rheotech, Japan)¢ Ï~ wKjzßW 5 2¶;ê ¢ G;~& . wKjzº ò¢ 10 kg~ load cell ËOB rheometer >çOËb ¢; {»³ê(200 mm/min) ¢ ; æ;(20%)ö êÎ r G;~& . Adapterº 1000 Stress Relaxationj ÒÏ~ 10² > G;~& . Ú¦ç ~ ;ê¢ ¾æÚº 2¶;êº ¢; Vò¢ {»³ê 200 mm/minöB G;~& adapterº 0760 Penetration shearing (60o)¢ ÒÏ~ 10² > G;~& . ~ > Ë89ª ª+ 1998jÖ ;¦ 200 gj ÷f b ¾R rræ 5-7² >^ r, 40ª* > ê Úö bV¢ ì, K &Ë F^>î~ b~ V> >^ * & Z²~ 1.2V~ b" ' 6Æ7b 0.1%Oj Î&~ âW {K KË(SJ-A3070)j ÒÏ~ ¶ÿ ²z& B ê & 20ª* ^j >~ & . >B &~ ªCj * Lickens and Nickerson type Ã~ºÂË~(SDE)(19) Ë~¢ ÒÏ~ ç{~öB ' 6 Æ7b Î&B &~ ËVWªj ºÂ~& . ¯ > & 200 g" Ã~> 600 mLö 2 L Ã~Ï 2¢Êö I, 50 mL diethyl ether¢ ºÂÏ 2¢Êö If ê 3* ÿn ºÂ~ & . VB áf ºÂf Z>Ö¾Þb î> ê ê ³»V(Rotavapor R-114, Büchii, Switzerland) 30oC¢ Fæ ~B ³» ê î²&Ê ~öB 1 mLræ ³»~& . ³ » ò¢ &ÊîÆ¾b(Varian star 3400 CX)¢ Ï ~ ªC~&º, "f HP-FFAP(30 mÜ0.25 mm)¢ J6N êº 40oCöB 10ª* Fæ ê ª 3oC 230oCræ çß Vb NêöB 10ª* Fæ~& . ¦ÂVº FID(flame.

(3) &æ ®ö & 6Æ7b ¾Ò~ 'Ë. 25. Table 1. Electron donating ability (EDA) of BHT and clay minerals (0.5%) Sample. Electron donating ability (%). Illite Kaolin Zeolite Bentonite Vermiculite BHT. 02.8Û0.25 05.0Û0.23 06.0Û0.24 20.6Û1.33 13.0Û0.75 95.4Û1.63. ionization detector), "« Nêº 230oC, ¦ÂV Nêº 250oC, carrier gasº î²¢ ÒÏ~& . GC-MSº Hewlett PackardÒ ~ GCD G1800B¢ ÒÏ~&b, zb~ ÿ;f GC-MS áf mass spectrumj Wiley 275L Data base ¦ï~ ÿ; ~& . GC/MSÖ"f GCÖ"~ ç^&êº n-alkane~ C8-C28 (Sigma Aldrich Co., USA)öB áf retention index¢ jv~ ~& .. Fig. 1. Effects of clay minerals (0.5%) on oxidation of linoleic acid emulsion measured by POV.. Ö 5 V 6Æ%b~ Öz 9 6Æ7b" BHTf~ ÖzWj *¶Ëb G ;~ jv Ö"º Table 1" ? . 6Æ7b" BHT¢ DPPHÏö 0.1%O Î& ê *¶Ëj G;~ Öz Wj jv Ö" 6Æ7b~ *¶ËKf BHT~ *¶ ËK(95.4%) Ô~æò ' 6Æ7böB Îv Öz Wj ¾æÚî . ' 6Æ7b*~ Öz Wf bentonite öB 20.6% 6Æ7b 7 &Ë ¸f Öz Wj ¾æÚî vermiculite, zeolite, kaolin, illite Bb Öz W ¾æ Ò . 6Æ7b~ Öz Wf " VËö ~ ¾æ¾º z' W 6º z' zW¢ ¢Úæº ·N ~~ËKö V ©b '>, Öz W. 6Æ7b ¸² ¾æÂ bentonitef vermiculiteº · N ~~ËK(cation exchange capacity) '' 80-150 5 100150 cmol/kgb kaolin(3-15 cmol/kg)" illite(7.2 cmol/kg). 10-20V ç~ ôf ËKj &æ ®V r^¢ 'B . 6 illite ~ ·N ~~ËKf 6Æ7bö j~ ¸æ pV r^ö ÎNW" ÏWf Ôf ©b rJ^ ® (20). Linoleic acidö BHTf ' 6Æ7bj '' 0.5%O Î& ê 50oCöB 7¢* &Ë~B "Özb&¢ G; Ö"º Fig. 1" ? . &ËV* 7¢ ÿn controlöBº &® ² POV8 çß~&b¾ ' 6Æ7b Î&öBº ¶Ò² Ã &~ Öz Î"& ®rj ¾æÚî . 6Æ7b «~ê vermiculite, bentonite, zeolite, kaolin, illite~ BB Ö NæÎ"¢ ¾æÚîb, 7 vermiculite, bentonite, zeolite ~ 6Æ7bf kaolin, illiteö j Ö> ÖNæÎ "¢ ¾æêj r > ® . º *¶Ëö ~ Öz W G;Ö"f FÒ~, f ?f ÖNæËKf 6Æ7b ~ ·N ~~ ËKö ~ ©b ÒòB . ' 6Æ7b" BHT~ Öz Wj linoleic acid¢ VîÏ b ~ *~ ã"ö V TBA8~ æz¢ G;~ j v Ö"º Fig. 2f ? . ' 6Æ7b~ ÖzWj TBA 8b jv Ö" zeolite, kaolin, vermiculite, bentonite, illite Bb *¶Ë" "Özb& jv Ö"f £* . Fig. 2. Changes of TBA value of linoleic acid emulsion containing clay minerals (0.5%).. ² ¾æÒ . ¯ zeolite, vermiculite, bentonite ~ 6Æ7b~ ÖzW >&f ~ jÝ~&b¾, kaolin~ ÖzW ¸² ¾æÒ . º kaolin~ v [*~ jv' £ Öb kaolinÚ~ NV& DPPHÏö Ò~º ¶F¢:¢" linoleic acid~ Öz W>º ¶F ¢:¢ö ·Ï~º N r^¢ 'B . 6Æ%b b~ Gö ~º 'Ë 6Æ7b 5B"~ Gö ~º 'Ëj ¦Æ Ö " Î&>º 6Æ7b~ ·" «~ö V¢ GßW æz~ &º ~ Ã;êº 6Æ7b Î&ïj 10 ppmöB 100 ppmb Ã&Úö V¢ &¦ª~ "öB Ã;ê& ² 6²~&æò, 6Æ7b Î&ïj 100 ppmöB 1,000 ppmb Ã&Úö V¢Bº Ã;êº ² æz~æ p~ . &¦ ª~ 6Æ7bö & ² G &B f Staphylococcus aureus ö & ' 6Æ7b~ Î&& G;êö ~ º 'Ëj Fig. 3ö ¾æÚî . Illite¢ 10, 100 5 1,000 ppm >&b Væö Î& ê 5 &æ "ö & ÃÎ"¢ ÚÚ Ö" E. coli, S. aureus~ "ö & ÃÛBÎ"º 100 ppm~ ³êöB 7ê 8 '' 0.5747(Û0.04)" 0.3122(Û0.03) control 1.1588(Û0.07)" 0.5222(Û0.03) Ôj ¸f Î"& ®º ©b ¾æÒb,. "ö & ÃÛBÎ"º ·² ¾æÒ . Kaolinj Î & Ö" illite Î&fº Ò E. coli "ö & ÃÛB.

(4) 26. ®"²æ B 37 ² B 1 ^ (2005). Fig. 3. Growth inhibition of clay minerals on Staphylococcus aureus. ü : control, þ : 10 ppm, : 100 ppm, ý: 1,000 ppm. (a) illite, (b) kaolin, (c) zeolite, (d) vermiculite, (e) bentonite.. Î"º ¾æ¾æ p~ . S. aureus~ "ö &Bº ÃÛ BÎ"¢ ¾æÚîæò V· 60* êöº 100 5 1,000 ppm~ kaolinj Î& VæöBº Ã /Ï~² ê¯> Ú 72*öº 7ê 8 0.6578(Û0.05)" 0.6493(Û0.06)b J®J control 0.5729(Û0.04) ¸j z ôf Ã B ©b ¾æÒ . Zeolite, vermiculite 5 bentonite¢ Î& ¾ÒöBº E. coli, S. aureus~ "ö &Bò Ã ÛB Î"& ¾æÒb, E. coliö &B 6Æ7bf V·.Vö ¸ f ÃÛBÎ"¢ ¾ V·öV .> 'Ëj "æ pº ©b ¾æÒb¾ S. aureusö &Bº V·.V¦V ö Vræ ¸f ÃÛBÎ"¢ º ©b ¾æÒ . f ? 6Æ7bö & E. coli, S. aureus "~ ÃÛ BÎ"º 6Æ7b~ OËK" "V ~~ËK, jÏËK j Ï Væ~ >ª. 5 Væ WªW ~ æz Ë > ®º ~ãj kzÊV r^ö Ã ÛBÎ"& ¾æÂ ©b ÒòB . 6Æ%b Î& Z~ &Ë 7 b9 æz 2%~ ².ö . Z¢ ''~ 6Æ7b ^¿ ê 20oC &Ë~B wKjz 5 2¶;ê¢ G; Ö"º Table 2 f ? . ' 6Æbî ^¿ ê &Ë 7 Z~ wKf control ö j æz& ·² ¾æÒb, ß® êWê~ æzº control. ö j ·² ¾æÒ . 6Æ7b 7 kaolinj Î&®j r ê W~ æz& &Ë '² ¾æÒ . Z~ 2¶;êº &ËV* ÿn control~ strengthº 4.99 kg öB 4.52 kgb 6²~&, illite¢ Î&®j r strengthº 4.99 kgöB 4.70 kgb, kaolinj Î&®j rº 4.71 kg, zeolite ¢ Î&®j rº 4.71 kg, vermiculite¢ Î&®j rº 4.73 kg, bentonite¢ Î&®j rº 4.69 kgb 6²~& . *Ú'b 6Æ7b ^¿~ &Ë Z~ 2¶;êº controlö j 6²ï ·² ¾æÒb, 7 vermiculite¢ Î& Z~ 2 ¶;êº ©ö j ¸² ¾æÒ . Hardness~ æzº control 16.06 kPaöB 13.11 kPa, illite¢ Î&®j r 16.97 kPaöB 13.50 kPa, kaolin¢ Î&®j r 17.46 kPaöB 13.55 kPa, zeolite¢ Î&®j r 16.80 kPaöB 13.10 kPa, vermiculite ¢ Î&®j r 17.49 kPaöB 13.05 kPa, bentonite¢ Î&®j r 16.32 kPaöB 13.85 kPa 6²~& . 6Æ7b Î& controlö j æz& ·² ¾æÒb, bentonite¢ Î&~ &j ãÖ &Ë 'f æz¢ &b, º wKjz Ö"f FÒ~² ¾æÒ . Z~ bWö 'Ëj "º ºf Z~ ^ ãj W~º fJÊ 5 ¿î" ?f Wª 6Æ7b~ N ö ~ æV r^ ©b '> ö & ¦z ôf & ê¯>Ú¢ ©b ÒòB ..

(5) &æ ®ö & 6Æ7b ¾Ò~ 'Ë. 27. Table 2. Stress relaxation characteristics and breaking test of radish kimchi treated with clay minerals (0.1%) Clay minerals. Day. Alleviation time (sec). Elasticity (kPa). Strength (kg). Hardness (kPa). Surrender (kPa). Control. 1 2 3 4 5. 21.7Û1.15 22.9Û0.90 25.3Û0.45 26.3Û0.47 24.3Û0.44. 1728.6Û21.52 1836.6Û22.43 2099.0Û23.61 1679.2Û19.99 1959.0Û31.42. 4.99Û0.04 4.99Û0.05 4.68Û0.05 4.59Û0.10 4.52Û0.07. 16.06Û0.12 15.79Û0.16 14.67Û0.05 13.25Û0.12 13.11Û0.09. 81.62Û1.03 81.62Û1.06 76.44Û1.23 76.21Û1.97 75.95Û1.40. Iillite. 1 2 3 4 5. 22.1Û0.59 23.2Û0.61 24.2Û0.66 26.2Û0.56 24.4Û0.46. 1959.0Û10.84 1959.0Û17.32 1632.5Û17.76 1679.2Û24.25 1895.8Û20.30. 4.99Û0.12 4.99Û0.14 4.82Û0.07 4.71Û0.07 4.70Û0.08. 16.97Û0.08 16.05Û0.07 14.81Û0.06 14.62Û0.05 13.50Û0.08. 81.62Û0.68 81.61Û1.40 76.44Û1.33 75.23Û1.38 75.11Û1.28. Kaolin. 1 2 3 4 5. 21.8Û0.90 22.0Û0.75 23.7Û0.71 25.7Û0.55 24.1Û0.56. 1679.2Û17.72 1780.9Û11.54 1780.9Û4.80 1836.6Û14.48 1679.2Û18.98. 4.99Û0.11 4.99Û0.09 4.85Û0.09 4.74Û0.05 4.71Û0.07. 17.46Û0.09 14.55Û0.06 13.61Û0.07 13.60Û0.08 13.55Û0.07. 81.62Û1.39 81.52Û1.36 77.47Û0.62 76.96Û1.02 75.97Û0.73. Zeolite. 1 2 3 4 5. 22.5Û0.66 21.9Û0.78 23.5Û0.51 25.5Û0.51 23.4Û0.36. 1895.8Û16.62 1588.4Û16.62 1780.9Û21.60 1836.6Û14.57 1507.0Û16.05. 4.99Û0.07 4.99Û0.07 4.72Û0.05 4.71Û0.06 4.71Û0.07. 16.80Û0.09 14.48Û0.09 14.30Û0.09 13.12Û0.10 13.10Û0.09. 81.62Û1.64 81.62Û1.69 77.20Û1.37 76.84Û0.88 76.32Û0.34. Vermiculite. 1 2 3 4 5. 21.7Û0.70 22.3Û0.68 23.4Û0.45 25.6Û0.70 24.2Û0.51. 1836.6Û16.48 2176.7Û17.23 1728.6Û18.32 1546.6Û16.74 1588.4Û24.06. 4.99Û0.05 4.99Û0.08 4.75Û0.05 4.75Û0.07 4.73Û0.07. 17.49Û0.13 16.64Û0.07 13.06Û0.10 13.02Û0.08 13.05Û0.09. 81.62Û0.75 81.62Û1.16 77.67Û1.43 77.50Û1.39 76.95Û1.41. Bentonite. 1 2 3 4 5. 23.0Û0.97 21.7Û0.67 24.6Û0.46 26.0Û0.58 24.9Û0.42. 2099.0Û18.43 1588.4Û16.65 2350.9Û11.33 1679.2Û17.51 1836.6Û16.59. 4.99Û0.06 4.99Û0.06 4.73Û0.05 4.70Û0.06 4.69Û0.08. 16.32Û3.07 14.40Û0.08 14.07Û0.08 13.98Û0.07 13.85Û0.06. 81.62Û0.66 81.62Û1.03 77.39Û1.41 77.20Û1.39 77.10Û1.43. Values are meansÛSD (n=10). The same letters in the same column indicate no significant difference at p<0.05 level by Duncan’s multiple range test.. 6Æ%b Î& ~ Ë89ª J¾ &ËB &ö 6Æ7bj Î&®j r, zb~ ï æzö & Ò®b Ö"º Table 3ö ¾æÚî . Illite, zeolite, bentonite¢ Î&~&j r pentanol~ peak areaº Ã& ~&æò hexanalj j nonanal, linoleate, stearic acid, oleic acid ~ peak areaº 6²~& . Kaolin, vermiculite¢ ~&j r pentanol, hexanal, nonanal, linoleate, stearic acid, oleic acid ~ ö >º &¦ª zb~ peak areaº 6 ²~&, methanolê 6²~& . 6Æ7bj Î&®j r *Ú'b ßF~ [f êî~ peak areaº 6²>î. . &j JÂ V* &Ë~ ßF~ [f êîf ¾V r^ö [f & æf Kö & *Ú' F^êº «& æf © Ô rJ^ ® . &Ë 7 [f êîf ~ öbº FÒ æOÖ(free fatty acid, FFA)~ ï æz ©b >îb, Suzuki (21)~ Ö"ö ~~ &~ &Ë V* ÿn total FFAf linoleic acid~ ïf Ã& ~, acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol 5 ethanol ~ >BW ËV Wªf 6²~ pentanal, hexanal, pentanol ~ Wªf Ã& >î . Î [çÖ" 6Æ7b~ 'f. Ö , f − 6º +~ *~¢ < ®, >& ¦ ^~ *~¢ &ê Nj rÚVº '« *çö ~ OWj <² B (7). V¢B 6Æ7bj Î&®j r '« ~ ö >º &¦ª zb~ peak area& 6²>Úê ©f 6Æ7b~ OWb ~ FÒ æOÖ" æO Özb ~ zb 6Æ7bö O>Úê ©b ÒòB .. º. £. ÚÖ 6Æ7b ~ ® ÆÒ' &~¢ rj, Ï ßWö & rjV * 6Æ7bö & ÖzW, W, bWö & 'Ë, OËK j G;~& . *¶ Ëö ~ ÖzK G; Ö" bentonite& 20.6% &Ë Ö>~& . "Özb&ö ~ ÖzK G;Ö" &Ë 7¢ ~ POV&º control 310 meq/kgîb, vermiculite& 100 meq/kg &Ë Ö> ÖN æ Î"¢ ¾æÚî, TBA&ö ~ ÖzKf zeolite& &Ë Ö>~& . W G;Ö " illite, vermiculite, zeolite¢ Î& VæöB E. coli, S. aureus~ "ö & Ã æ Î"¢ ¾æÚîb, ³ê&.

(6) ®"²æ B 37 ² B 1 ^ (2005). 28. Table 3. Aroma compounds of cooked rice treated with clay minerals (0.1%) RI 1061 1085 1133 1194 1214 1240 1265 1290 1303 1335 1378 1396 1411 1435 1462 1477 1492 1520 1537 1560 1572 1619 1650 1667 1746 1760 1776 1814 1824 1861 1909 1913 1932 1967 2000 2020 2045 2056 2067 2103 2111 2121 2176 2189. Compounds 1-bromo-4-N-hexylbenzene N,N'-bis(2-hydroxythyl)dithiooxamide n-undecane limonene trans-2-hexanal 2-pentyl-furan n-pentanol 2-octanone n-tridecane trans-2-hexanal n-hexanal n-nonanal trans-2-hexanal trans-2-octenal trans-2,4-decadienal benzaldehyde metanol benzyl alcohol n-octadecan estragole n-nonadecane n-eicosane ρ-methoxy benzaldehyde ρ-anisaldehyde α-pyrrolidone 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone n-octadecane n-docosane n-tetradecane n-pentacosane methyl linoleate octadecanoeic acid ethyl linoleate n-hexacosane dodecanoeic acid tridecanoic acid patchouli alcohol tetradecanoic acid n-heptanal pentadecanoeic acid hexadecanoeic acid stearic acid oleic acid benzoeic acid. Peak area Control. Illite. Kaolin. Zeolite. Vermiculite. Bentonite. 1). 2267 22816 1516 6144 17933 6192 6329 1169 1920 3245 1156 1077 3227 23037 3429 4231 1266 8479 1441 2330 3991 4239 5353 1853 5501 3131 92892 1891 2266 4856 2208 4934 1199 3062 2316. 7066 1087 4040 3125 1872 1307 29464 5119 1025 1233 20229 1395 1361. 3238 32205 1360 6846 19422 11392 5542 1129 2337 6384 1092 5000 24978 4384 8962 2884 4270 5787 1167 6195 1340 6328 3884 127161 3406 7437 3177 1082 4274 2098 5695 2790 11980. 12835 2185 10519 2174 2138 1374 32554 1884 6670 1769 3152 2254 2584 1191 47188 1342 1090 2064 1396 1454 1289 1219 3171. 2013 20020 4367 7138 1015 18557 3469 5664 1048 4185 1244 2257 22417 34532 3299 1247 15756 1145 4353 5022 2825 5074 4923 2946 1301 81407 2538 5961 3157 1147 6095 2109 2658 2036 5954. 11715 1471 9127 2975 3974 29697 2657 2750 21543 5724 1005 6932 1446 1144 3110 1520 1102 2575 1453 2956 1696 115056 38604 1166 4241 1747 1352 3653 3084 1265 -. 1). not detected.. ¸jî> Ã ³ê& æ>î . wKjzf 2¶;ê G ;b¦V ' 6Æ7bf Z~ ç" bWö 'Ëj ~º ©b ¾æÒ . &~ > kaolin, vermiculite¢ Î&~&j r pentanol, hexanal, nonanal, linoleate, stearic acid, oleic acid ~ ö >º &¦ª zb~ peak areaº 6 ²~& . Ö"¦V ÚÖ 6Æ7bf Öz K 5 Fæ ÖN æËKj &æ ®b, W 5 bW. æz ÛB Ò ~ ö >º zb j O~º &æ '« ¦>' Î"& ®rj { > ®î .. ^. ò. 1. Guggenheim S, Martin RT. Definition of clay and clay mineral..

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