Phylogenetic Analysis and Diversity of Marine Bacteria Isolated from Rhizosphere Soils of Halophyte in Suncheon Bay

March 2015 | Vol. 43 | No. 1 Microbiol. Biotechnol. Lett. (2015), 43(1), 65–78

http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1501.01004 pISSN 1598-642X eISSN 2234-7305

Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters

순천만에 자생하는 염생식물 근권에서 유래한 해양세균의 계통학적 분석 및 다양성

유영현^1,2†, 박종명^3†, 이명철², 김종국¹*

1경북대학교생명과학부

2농촌진흥청국립농업과학원농업유전자원센터

3롯데중앙연구소

Received: January 13, 2015 / Revised: February 17, 2015 / Accepted: February 17, 2015

해안지역은육상생태계와해양생태계가만나는전이지대 로서내륙지역에비하여염분

^,

^,

^,

대한영향을크게받는환경으로알려져있다

^[3].

크게해안사구

^,

^,

^.

^,

^.

^{, 2006}

^“

^”

^.

^,

지고

^[14],

^.

^,

(Halophyte)

^[16],

^[17].

(Phragmites australis),

(Suaeda japonica),

(Suaeda asparagoides),

(Suaeda maritima),

(Salicornia europaea)

^[13],

^.

염생식물은다양한미생물과상호관계를가지며

^,

^,

^,

^,

^{[32, 38],}

^[6].

⁵

^,

^.

-

^{[34, 44],}

Phylogenetic Analysis and Diversity of Marine Bacteria Isolated from Rhizosphere Soils of Halophyte in Suncheon Bay

Young-Hyun You

, Jong Myong Park

, Myung-Chul Lee

, and Jong-Guk Kim

*

1

School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea

2

National Agrobiodiversity Center, NAAS, RDA, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea

3

LOTTE R&D Center, Seoul 150-096, Republic of Korea

The bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere soil of S. japonica native to Suncheon bay was analyzed. Ninety two strains showing different morphological characteristics were isolated from the soils around the community of S. japonica. Bacterial diversity and distributions were studied by phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16S rDNA sequences. Ninety two strains were partially sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. These strains were composed of 5 phyla firmicutes (56.5%), gamma-proteobacteria (29.3%), alpha-proteobacteria (5.4%), actinobacteria (5.4%), bacteroidetes (3.3%) and Shannon’s diversity index (H') were dif- ferent from each of sampling sites (1.675, 1.924 and 2.04). Eleven isolates were presumed to be novel species candidates based on similarity analysis of the 16s rRNA gene sequences. Overall, Firmicutes and gamma-proteobacteria of the rhizo- sphere soil of S. japonica showed a high diversity.

Keywords: Diversity, marine bacteria, phylogenetic analysis, Suncheon Bay

*Corresponding author

Tel: +82-53-950-5379, Fax: +82-53-955-5379 E-mail: [email protected]

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

© 2015, The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology

66 You et al.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1501.01004

(Marine bacteria)

^.

^,

^,

^,

^.

^.

^,

^,

^·

[14, 16, 17, 18, 44],

^.

³

(Table 1).

tube

4

C

,

0.85% NaCl

^1:1

^{40 rpm}

³⁰

^{40 rpm}

^.

supernatant

¹⁰⁰

^l

standard serial dilution technique

tryptic soy broth (TSB;

Difco, USA)

marine broth (MB; Difco, USA)

^{, 25}

^C

⁷

^.

^colony

^,

^,

^,

[15, 43, 44].

또한

^{16S rDNA}

해다음과같은과정이수행되었다

^.

^{MB, TSB}

^{10 ml}

³⁰

^C

^{180 rpm}

¹⁸

^{100 ml}

^{1 ml}

²⁵

^C

^{180 rpm}

⁵

^.

⁴

^C

^{3,000 rpm}

¹⁰

, boiling method (Chelex Resin Bio-RAD, USA)

genomic DNA

^. 16S rDNA sequence

5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGG CTCAG-3'

forward primer

, 5'-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT- 3'

reverse primer

^PCR

^[39].

PCR

^{, 1}

denaturation (95

C, 15 min)

시한후

, denaturation (95

C, 20 sec), annealing (50-58

C, 40 sec), elongation (72

C, 90 sec)

³⁵

elongation (72

C, 5 min)

[18, 43, 44].

PCR product

ABI 3730XL DNA analyzer (Perkin Elmer, USA)

^[37].

결정된서열은

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) public domain site

^BLAST

EzTaxon server (http://eztaxon.org) database

^(type strain)

type strain

[7, 25, 33, 34].

^NCBI

^GenBank

^{16S rDNA}

accession no.

를부여받았다

^{(Table 2).}

우선순천만자생

S. japonica

³

^site

⁹²

(Table 1), MB

73

^{, TSB}

¹⁹

(Table 2). MB

Shewanella, Marinobacterium, Marinobacter, Microbulbifer, Halomonas, Vibrio

^{[4, 5,} 10],

^TSB

(Table 2).

^{, TSB}

Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Arthrobacter, Sporosarcina, Microbacterium

^,

^Bacillus

^MB

^.

Bacillus

(Soil microflora)

^,

^.

(Plant growth promotion),

(Induction of systemic resistance)

[15, 29]. MB

^,

^Bacillus

^,

^,

Bacillus

^.

⁹²

^1-2%

^,

Table 1. The position of sampling site and isolates number.

Site no. GPS information Host plant Number of isolates Number of

isolated species 1 34°51'45.94"N, 127°31'10.12"E

Suaeda japonica

33 19

2 34°51'46.41"N, 127°31'09.65"E 35 27

3 34°51'56.41"N, 127°31.06.25"E 24 17

Total 92 51

Diversi ty o f Mar ine Bacteria Isolated from S uncheon Ba y 67

March 2015 | Vol. 43 | No. 1

Table 2. 16S rDNA sequence similarity of isolated bacteria from the rhizosphere of Suaeda japonica to the closest relatives.

GPS

information Media Isolates name Accession

No.

Phylogenetic group

Nearest relative based on 16S rDNA sequence

Similarity (%)

34°51'45.94"N, 127°31'10.12"E

MB Agromyces humatus KNUSC1018 KP342222 Actinobacteria (High G+C, Gram positive)

Agromyces humatus (AY618216) 97.3

MB Kocuria rosea KNUSC1032 KP342208 Kocuria rosea (X87756) 98.7

TSB Microbacterium pumilum KNUSC1014 KP342226 Microbacterium pumilum (AB234027) 99.2 TSB Bacillus altitudinis KNUSC1005 KP342235 Firmicutes

(Low G+C, Gram positive)

Bacillus altitudinis (AJ831842) 99.7 TSB Bacillus altitudinis KNUSC1004 KP342236 Bacillus altitudinis (AJ831842) 99.3

TSB Bacillus altitudinis KNUSC1008 KP342232 Bacillus altitudinis (AJ831842) 99.4

MB Bacillus altitudinis KNUSC1031 KP342209 Bacillus altitudinis (AJ831842) 99.4

MB Bacillus anthracis KNUSC1026 KP342214 Bacillus anthracis (AB190217) 99.7

MB Bacillus aquimaris KNUSC1016 KP342224 Bacillus aquimaris (AF483625) 98.2

TSB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1000 KP342240 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.2 MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1015 KP342225 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.4 MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1022 KP342218 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.4 MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1019 KP342221 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.3 MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1025 KP342215 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.3 MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1027 KP342213 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.7 MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1028 KP342212 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.5 MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1023 KP342217 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.5 TSB Bacillus methylotrophicus KNUSC1030 KP342210 Bacillus methylotrophicus (EU194897) 99.7

TSB Bacillus safensis KNUSC1009 KP342231 Bacillus safensis (AF234854) 100.0

TSB Bacillus safensis KNUSC1001 KP342239 Bacillus safensis (AF234854) 99.7

TSB Bacillus safensis KNUSC1002 KP342238 Bacillus safensis (AF234854) 100.0

MB Bacillus selenatarsenatis KNUSC1013 KP342227 Bacillus selenatarsenatis (AB262082) 99.4 MB Halobacillus trueperi KNUSC1011 KP342229 Halobacillus trueperi (AJ310149) 99.3 TSB Paenibacillus peoriae KNUSC1003 KP342237 Paenibacillus peoriae (AJ320494) 99.4 TSB Paenibacillus xylanexedens KNUSC1007 KP342233 Paenibacillus xylanexedens (EU558281) 99.2

TSB Sporosarcina luteola KNUSC1006 KP342234 Sporosarcina luteola (AB473560) 99.2

MB Loktanella hongkongensis KNUSC1020 KP342220 alpha-proteobacteria Loktanella hongkongensis (AY600300) 98.5 MB Halomonas fontilapidosi KNUSC1017 KP342223 gamma-

proteobacteria

Halomonas fontilapidosi (EU541349) 98.7

MB Halomonas ventosae KNUSC1010 KP342230 Halomonas ventosae (AY268080) 99.5

MB Marinobacter sediminum KNUSC1021 KP342219 Marinobacter sediminum (AJ609270) 98.8

MB Marinobacterium rhizophilum KNUSC1029 KP342211 Marinobacterium rhizophilum (EF192391) 100.0

MB Marinobacterium rhizophilum KNUSC1024 KP342216 Marinobacterium rhizophilum (EF192391) 100.0

MB Microbulbifer hydrolyticus KNUSC1012 KP342228 Microbulbifer hydrolyticus (AJ608704) 98.1

68 Y ou et al.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1501.01004

Table 2. Continued.

GPS

information Media Isolates name Accession

No.

Phylogenetic group

Nearest relative based on 16S rDNA sequence

Similarity (%)

34°51'46.41"N, 127°31'09.65"E

TSB Arthrobacter scleromae KNUSC1065 KP342175 Actinobacteria (High G+C, Gram positive)

Arthrobacter scleromae (AF330692) 99.0

MB Bacillus altitudinis KNUSC1041 KP342199 Firmicutes (Low G+C, Gram positive)

Bacillus altitudinis (AJ831842) 99.7

MB Bacillus anthracis KNUSC1045 KP342195 Bacillus anthracis (AB190217) 99.7

TSB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1066 KP342174 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.5

MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1043 KP342197 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.3

MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1052 KP342188 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.1

MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1050 KP342190 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 98.9

MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1055 KP342185 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.7

MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC1057 KP342183 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 99.2

MB Bacillus decolorationis KNUSC1049 KP342191 Bacillus decolorationis (AJ315075) 97.4

MB Bacillus firmus KNUSC1036 KP342204 Bacillus firmus (X60616) 99.1

MB Bacillus hwajinpoensis KNUSC1038 KP342202 Bacillus hwajinpoensis (AF541966) 97.8 MB Bacillus hwajinpoensis KNUSC1034 KP342206 Bacillus hwajinpoensis (AF541966) 99.2 MB Bacillus oceanisediminis KNUSC1033 KP342207 Bacillus oceanisediminis (GQ292772) 99.1

TSB Bacillus safensis KNUSC1067 KP342173 Bacillus safensis (AF234854) 99.5

MB Bacillus stratosphericus KNUSC1056 KP342184 Bacillus stratosphericus (AJ831841) 99.5 MB Brevibacterium frigoritolerans KNUSC1064 KP342176 Brevibacterium frigoritolerans (AM747813) 98.3

MB Halobacillus trueperi KNUSC1063 KP342177 Halobacillus trueperi (AJ310149) 99.1

MB Planococcus maritimus KNUSC1047 KP342193 Planococcus maritimus (AF500007) 99.2

MB Virgibacillus chiguensis KNUSC1060 KP342180 Virgibacillus chiguensis (EF101168) 99.5 MB Labrenzia aggregata KNUSC1059 KP342181 alpha-

proteobacteria

Labrenzia aggregata (AAUW01000037) 98.7

MB Roseivivax lentus KNUSC1062 KP342178 Roseivivax lentus (FJ875966) 98.0

MB Sulfitobacter brevis KNUSC1044 KP342196 Sulfitobacter brevis (Y16425) 97.8

MB Yangia pacifica KNUSC1058 KP342182 Yangia pacifica (AJ877265) 99.1

MB Halomonas denitrificans KNUSC1040 KP342200 gamma- proteobacteria

Halomonas denitrificans (AM229317) 100.0 MB Halomonas denitrificans KNUSC1051 KP342189 Halomonas denitrificans (AM229317) 98.1

MB Halomonas salina KNUSC1054 KP342186 Halomonas salina (AJ295145) 98.8

MB Halomonas taeanensis KNUSC1035 KP342205 Halomonas taeanensis (AY671975) 98.5

MB Halomonas ventosae KNUSC1039 KP342201 Halomonas ventosae (AY268080) 99.5

MB Marinobacter algicola KNUSC1053 KP342187 Marinobacter algicola (ABCP01000031) 98.7 MB Marinobacter sediminum KNUSC1048 KP342192 Marinobacter sediminum (AJ609270) 98.5 MB Marinobacter sediminum KNUSC1061 KP342179 Marinobacter sediminum (AJ609270) 98.2 MB Marinobacterium rhizophilum KNUSC1037 KP342203 Marinobacterium rhizophilum (EF192391) 100.0 MB Marinobacterium rhizophilum KNUSC1046 KP342194 Marinobacterium rhizophilum (EF192391) 99.9

MB Vibrio azureus KNUSC1042 KP342198 Vibrio azureus (AB428897) 99.4

Diversi ty o f Mar ine Bacteria Isolated from S uncheon Ba y 69

March 2015 | Vol. 43 | No. 1

Table 2. Continued.

GPS

information Media Isolates name Accession

No.

Phylogenetic group

Nearest relative based on 16S rDNA sequence

Similarity (%)

34°51'56.41"N, 127°31.06.25"E

MB Micrococcus yunnanensis KNUSC3009 KP342164 Actinobacteria (Low G+C, Gram positive)

Micrococcus yunnanensis (FJ214355)

100.0 MB Algoriphagus halophilus KNUSC3008 KP342165 Bacteroidetes Algoriphagus halophilus (AY264839) 99.9 MB Tenacibaculum litoreum KNUSC3024 KP342149 Tenacibaculum litoreum (AY962294) 99.0 MB Tenacibaculum litoreum KNUSC3025 KP342148 Tenacibaculum litoreum (AY962294) 99.6 MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC3002 KP342171 Firmicutes

(Low G+C, Gram positive)

Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 98.9 TSB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC3013 KP342160 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 98.5 MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC3003 KP342170 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 100.0

MB Bacillus aryabhattai KNUSC3017 KP342156 Bacillus aryabhattai (EF114313) 98.7

TSB Bacillus megaterium KNUSC3014 KP342159 Bacillus megaterium (D16273) 99.6

MB Bacillus megaterium KNUSC3019 KP342154 Bacillus megaterium (D16273) 99.4

TSB Bacillus safensis KNUSC3012 KP342161 Bacillus safensis (AF234854) 97.9

TSB Bacillus thuringiensis KNUSC3015 KP342158 Bacillus thuringiensis (ACNF01000156) 99.9 MB Bacillus thuringiensis KNUSC3016 KP342157 Bacillus thuringiensis (ACNF01000156) 99.9 MB Staphylococcus warneri KNUSC3018 KP342155 Staphylococcus warneri (L37603) 99.8 MB Marinobacter sedimentalis KNUSC3010 KP342163 gamma-

proteobacteria

Marinobacter sedimentalis (AJ609270) 98.8 MB Marinobacterium lutimaris KNUSC3006 KP342167 Marinobacterium lutimaris (FJ230839) 98.5 MB Marinobacterium nitratireducens KNUSC3021 KP342152 Marinobacterium nitratireducens (EU573965) 98.5 MB Microbulbifer maritimus KNUSC3005 KP342168 Microbulbifer maritimus (AY377986) 99.7 MB Shewanella marisflavi KNUSC3001 KP342172 Shewanella marisflavi (AY485224) 99.9 MB Shewanella marisflavi KNUSC3020 KP342153 Shewanella marisflavi (AY485224) 98.5 MB Shewanella marisflavi KNUSC3023 KP342150 Shewanella marisflavi (AY485224) 99.1 MB Shewanella marisflavi KNUSC3007 KP342166 Shewanella marisflavi (AY485224) 100.0

MB Vibrio diazotrophicu KNUSC3022 KP342151 Vibrio diazotrophicus (X74701) 99.7

MB Vibrio ruber KNUSC3004 KP342169 Vibrio ruber (AF462458) 99.6

70 You et al.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1501.01004

것으로 추측된다

[1, 30, 45].

^Ez-Taxon database

^98.5%

¹¹

^,

(Table 2) [39].

^,

^,

^·

^.

시료채취지점별로는각각

³³

^{, 35}

^{, 24}

²⁹

^{, 25}

^{, 16}

것으로생각된다

(Table 1).

16S rDNA sequence

Clustal X program

, BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor

, Mega 6.0 program

Neighbor-Joining Tree method, Tamura nei model

[7, 25, 33, 34].

Shannon’s diversity index (H')

[8, 11, 39].

⁴

^(Phylum), 10

(Order), 26

(Genus), 51

^(Species)

(Table 3). gamma-proteobacteria

Table 3. Taxonomic composition of marine bacteria isolated from the S. japonica native to the Suncheon bay.

Phylogenetic group Order Genus Species Distribution ratio (%)

Actinobacteria (High G+C, Gram positive)

Actinomycetales Arthrobacter scleromae 1.1

Micrococcus yunnanensis 1.1

Agromyces humatus 1.1

Kocuria rosea 1.1

Microbacterium pumilum 1.1

Total 5.4

Bacteroidetes

Sphingobacteriales Algoriphagus halophilus 1.1

Flavobacteriales Tenacibaculum litoreum 2.2

Total 3.3

Firmicutes (Low G+C, Gram positive)

Actinomycetales Brevibacterium frigoritolerans 1.1

Bacilli Halobacillus trueperi 2.2

Bacillales Planococcus maritimus 1.1

Sporosarcina luteola 1.1

Staphylococcus warneri 1.1

Virgibacillus chiguensis 1.1

Paenibacillus peoriae 1.1

xylanexedens 1.1

Bacillus altitudinis 5.5

anthracis 2.2

aquimaris 1.1

aryabhattai 19.6

decolorationis 1.1

firmus 1.1

hwajinpoensis 2.2

megaterium 2.2

methylotrophicus 1.1

oceanisediminis 1.1

safensis 5.5

selenatarsenatis 1.1

stratosphericus 1.1

thuringiensis 2.2

Total 56.5

Diversity of Marine Bacteria Isolated from Suncheon Bay 71

March 2015 | Vol. 43 | No. 1

에 속하는

Oceanospirillales

Halomonas (H.)

^, Alteromonadales

Marinobacter (M.)

^, Marinobacterium (M.)

, Microbulbifer (M.)

^, Shewanella (S.)

, Vibrionales

Vibrio (V.)

. alpha-proteobacteria

Rhodobacterales

Labrenzia (L.)

, Roseivivax (R.)

, Sulfitobacter (S.)

^Yangia

^(Ya.)

. Firmicutes

Actinomycetales

Brevibacterium (B.)

^{, Bacilli}

Halobacillus (H.)

, Bacillales

Bacillus (B.)

. Bacteroidetes

Sphingobacteriales

Algoriphagus (A.)

, Flavobacteriales

Tenacibaculum (T.)

, Actinobacteria

Actinomycetales

Arthrobacter (A.)

^, Micrococcus (M.)

, Agromyces (A.)

, Kocuria (K.)

^, Microbacterium (M.)

^.

⁹²

⁵²

^gram

positive, low G+C contents

firmicutes (56.5%)

^, 27

gamma-proteobacteria (29.3%)

^{, 5}

alpha-proteobacteria (5.4%)

^{, 5}

^gram positive, high G+C contents

actinobacteria (5.4%)

^{, 3}

Bacteroidetes (3.3%)

(Table 3).

^,

^,

^pathogen

^marine bacteria

alpha-, gamma proteobacteria

[4, 5, 10].

beta-proteobacteia

^,

^delta- proteobacteria

[2, 4, 5, 9, 24, 28].

^low G+C contents, gram positive bacteria

firmicutes

^,

^gamma- proteobacteria

^,

Table 3. Continued.

Phylogenetic group Order Genus Species Distribution ratio (%)

gamma- proteobacteria

Oceanospirillales Halomonas denitrificans 2.2

fontilapidosi 1.1

salina 1.1

taeanensis 1.1

ventosae 2.2

Alteromonadales Marinobacter algicola 1.1

sedimentalis 1.1

sediminum 3.3

Marinobacterium lutimaris 1.1

nitratireducens 1.1

rhizophilum 4.4

Microbulbifer hydrolyticus 1.1

maritimus 1.1

Shewanella marisflavi 4.4

Vibrionales Vibrio azureus 1.1

diazotrophicus 1.1

ruber 1.1

Total 29.3

alpha- proteobacteria

Rhodobacterales Labrenzia aggregata 1.1

hongkongensis 1.1

Roseivivax lentus 1.1

Sulfitobacter brevi 1.1

Yangia pacifica 1.1

Total 5.4

72 You et al.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1501.01004

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic analysis of marine bacteria isolated from rhizosphere soils of S. japonica in Suncheon bay. This phylogenetic

tree was constructed by using the neighbor-joining method (1,000 bootstrap replications). (A) Phylogenetic relationships of bacterial

16S rRNA sequences within rhizosphere of samling site 1, (B) Site 2, (C) Site 3.

Diversity of Marine Bacteria Isolated from Suncheon Bay 73

March 2015 | Vol. 43 | No. 1

Fig. 1. Continued.

74 You et al.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1501.01004

이공통적이었다

(Table 2, 3, Fig. 1A, 1B, 1C).

^,

firmicutes

Bacillus

^,

(Fig. 2). Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus aryabhattai

gibberellins, abscisic acid, indole butyric acid

^[35],

B. aryabhattai

환경하에서생존하며식물뿌리신장

(root elongation)

(growth promotion)

^[20].

Paenibacillus peoriae

^[12].

^Bacillus

^,

Bacillus

^,

Fig. 1. Continued.

Diversity of Marine Bacteria Isolated from Suncheon Bay 75

March 2015 | Vol. 43 | No. 1

경에적응하면서염생식물의 생장에어떠한역할을할것 으로 사료되어 추가적 연구가 필요하다

^.

^Bacillus methylotrophicus

^,

[23, 31, 35].

^Bacillus selenatarsenatis

^,

^,

^·

려져있다

^[33].

오염된토양의식물생장을저해하며

^,

^.

^·

(reducing power)

^,

^.

reducing power

^·

^.

^,

^bio- remediation

^[26, 27, 33].

^,

^Bacillus

주들과상동성이높은본분리균들은염해농경지

^,

^.

^,

marine bacteria

^,

^.

Bacillus taeanensis

^Bacillus

^.

^,

^·

^,

firmicutes

. Firmicutes

gamma-proteobacteria group

Marinobacterium

^{(Fig. 2)}

S. japonica

^,

Halomonas

알려져있다

^[19].

안식물과의상호관계에대한연구는부족한실정으로

^,

^.

Shewanella marisflavi

^{[22, 42].}

^,

^,

^.

1.675, 1.924, 2.04

^,

firmicutes, gamma-proteobacteira

^phyla

(Fig. 1A, 1B, 1C)

(Table 4).

^,

^.

S. japonica

^·

^.

^,

^,

^.

Fig. 2. Composition of cultivable bacterial flora. (A) Firmicutes

(Low G+C, Gram positive), (B) gamma-proteobacteria.

76 You et al.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1501.01004

요 약

순천만의염생식물근권에서정주하는세균의분리를위 해순천만에서우점하는자생식물인칠면초군락

³

^.

marine broth, tryptic soy broth

^,

을통해순수분리되었다

^.

^{16S rDNA}

⁹²

^.

^,

firmicutes (56.5%), gamma-proteobacteria (29.3%), alpha-proteobacteria (5.4%), actinobacteria (5.4%), bacteroidetes (3.3%)

. Shannon’s Diversity index (H')

1.675, 1.924, 2.04

^,

^.

Acknowledgments

This subject is supported by Korea Ministry of Environment as

“The Eco-Innovation Project”.

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