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Palaeomagnetism of the Okchon Belt, Korea: Paleozoic Rocks in Yemi Area

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(1) , 34, 4 , 355-373, 2001 Econ. Environ. Geol., 34(4), 355-373, 2001. 

(2)   .   . Palaeomagnetism of the Okchon Belt, Korea: Paleozoic Rocks in Yemi Area In-Soo Kim*, Sung-Wook Kim and Eun-Kyeong Choi Department of Geology, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea Palaeomagnesim of Paleozoic Tuwibong Type Sequence in Yemi area was studied with a total of 256 core-samples collected from 23 sites. The study area (geographical coordinates: 37.18oN, 128.61oE) is located between Taebaek and Yongwol belonging to the northeastern part of the Okchon Belt. Thermal cleaning was a most effective method to extract stable characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) direction, even though AF cleaning also worked on some specimens. Mean ChRM direction of the Cambrian Hwajol Formation was different from the present-day field direction and showed maximum clustering (max. k value) at 100% bedding-tilt correction. However, it could not pass the fold test. Ordovician Makkol and Kosong Limestones as well as Permian Sadong and Kobangsan Formations have very weak NRM, and were remagnetized into the present-day field direction. ChRM directions from the Carboniferous Hongjom Formation passed both fold and reversal tests. IRM experiments and blocking temperature spectrum indicate that both magnetite and haematite are carrier of the primary magnetization. Palaeomagnetic pole position from the Carboniferous Hongjom Formation is very similar to that of contemporary North China Block (NCB) suggesting that the study area was a part of, or located very near to, the NCB during Carboniferous..   Okchon belt, Paleozoic, palaeomagnetism, Yemi area, North China Block (NCB).   

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(106)  Examples of thermal demagentization of the Hwajol Formation. In all the vector diagrams in this paper, solid (open) symbols are projected on to the horizontal (vertical) plane without bedding-tilt correction. In the stereonets (= equal-angle nets) positive (negative) inclinations are represented with solid (open) symbol after bedding-tilt correction. JF 4 data in this stereonet are plotted exceptionally with open symbol for the sake of better resolution..

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(174) . Summary of ChRM data.. Age/Formation Permian Kobangsan. Before bedding-tilt correction. After bedding-tilt correction. Treatment level (oC). n. OT. 300-400. 9. 358.7. 55.8. 3.5. 183.1. 30.4. 22.5. 8.5. 30.1. 99% negative (k1/k2 = 6.08). 11.7oN. JB OD. 570-685 600-650. 18 8. 1.7 352.6. 56.5 48.0. 5.2 6.4. 39.8 59.4. 325.7 329.1. 14.8 8.9. 4.9 4.7. 45.0 110.3. Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.13) Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.86). 7.5oN 4.5oN. JA OG OM ON OW. 570-625 600-660 630-670 350-370 670-680. 5 5 2 1 5. 342.7 355.9 350.8 332.9 322.8. 50.8 42.2 -31.9 37.8 54.9. 10.4 36.6 12.5 25.2 2.6 1430.5. 7.0 4.5 8.25 8.8 15.9. 10.1 38.7 10.9 33.2 2.4 1714.0. Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.06) Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.32) Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.20). 10.2. 37.6. Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.55). 3.5oN 2.3oN 4.1oN 4.4oN 8.1oN. 7*. 345.8. 9 6 1 6 2 3. Site. o. d ( ). i ( ) α95 ( ) o. o. k1. o. d ( ). i ( ) α95 ( ) o. o. Fold test k2. Palaeolatitude. Carboniferous Hongjom Upper. Lower. OF OL OO OP OV OX. 640-690 660-685 650-695 620-695 600-660 690-705 Mean. Mean Cambrian Hwajol. 24.5. 39.9. 20.2. 6.9. 329.8. 10.6. 6.3. 71.2. 99% positive (k2/k1 = 10.32). 5.3oN. 312.5 291.4 111.2 281.6 300.4 140.1. 62.5 67.8 -43.0 57.1 39.0 -63.1. 10.1 13.7. 19.1 21.0. 26.1 68.0. Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.37) 95% positive (k2/k1 = 3.24). 12.7 14.9 25.9. 20.2 18.4 -17.7 14.6 19.5 -21.6. 9.1 7.6. 16.01 25.6 15.9. 309.7 294.1 103.3 296.1 302.2 126.3. 13.2 14.7 14.0. 18.8 45.4 33.4. Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.48) Not significant (k2/k1 = 3.05) Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.29). 10.4oN 9.4oN 9.1oS 7.4oN 10.0oN 11.2oS. 6*. 300.7. 58.7. 10.5. 35.3. 301.7. 17.9. 5.4. 134.2. 13*. 326.7. 50.2. 14.0. 7.7. 315.8. 14.5. 8.8. 95% positive (k2/k1 = 3.80). 9.2oN. 19.4. Positive (k2/k1 = 2.52). 7.4oN. JF. 350-580. 4. 347.7. 54.0. 9.7. 52.4. 329.9. 27.8. 7.7. 82.6. Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.58). 14.8oN. KN. 370-550. 4. 341.2. 40.8. 14.7. 22.8. 327.2. 19.4. 12.7. 30.3. Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.33). 10.0oN. 8. 344.1. 47.1. 9.2. 29.1. 328.3. 23.0. 7.3. 46.6. Not significant (k2/k1 = 1.60). 12.0oN. Mean. n: number of specimens which yield ChRM direction, n*: number of sites to build formation-mean ChRM direction, d(i): declination (inclination) of site-mean ChRM direction, α95 and k: statistical parameters of Fisher (1953).. . Mean. 12.7. 322.8 337.3 341.8 332.5 319.1.

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(189) . .   Magnetic mineralogy dominated by the titanomagnetite series. (a) Variation of remanent magnetization intensity against demagnetization step (oC or Oe). (b) Variation of low-field magnetic susceptibility measured after each step of the thermal demagnetization. (c) Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition curves. JF: Cambrian-Hwajol Formation, Others: Carboniferous Hongiom Formation. − −: OD10, − −: OF10, − −: ON1, − * −: − −: JF4. . . ›. . . 2܃„D de¯A"_  ™_  ID €45K 2܃„ D # i K$ Ù¤ _ à DO’h  <‚jº zþ_ ²O . . !  . . *:. . . ! 2.  

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(206) . . . . . . . . . . . D .    IRM acquistion experiment showing both magnetite and haematite. (a) Variation of remanent magnetization intensity against demagnetization stop (oC). (b) Variation of low-field magnetic susceptibility measured after each step of the thermal demagnetization. (c) Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition curves. All specimens are from the Carboniferous Hongjom Formation. − −: JB7, − −: JA2, −*−: OX14. . . 4. !  .   Incremental fold test, showing a maximum of k (Fisher's precision parameter) at the 100% unfolding..

(207) . .   Site-mean ChRM directions from a single large continuous outcrop of the Carboniferous Hongjom Formation. They revealed a sequential directional change from WNW through NNW to NW, as one goes from the lower toward the upper stratigraphic horizon. The apparent scatter of the directions is thus much diminished if the outcrop is separated into the upper and the lower parts.. D €³,  a"! " á9Z 45 ‹] ì _ W s! j    V ;6"K 

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(240)  . .   Paleomagnetic pole positions calculated from the ChRM data. Age/Formation Permian Kobangsan. Site. OT. Carboniferous Hongjom. JB OD JA OG OM ON OW Mean (upper) OF OL OO OP OV OX Mean (lower). Cambrian Hwajol. JF KN Mean. Before bedding-tilt correction pole lat. 88.7oN o. After bedding-tilt correction. pole long.. dp(o). dm(o). pole lat.. pole long.. dp(o). dm(o). 2.1oE. 3.6. 5.0. 52.7oN. 253.8oE. 4.8. 9.0. o. 88.6 N 79.8oN 74.7oN 76.8oN 34.9oN 61.6oN 60.2oN. 220.7 E 348.1oE 22.1oE 325.1oE 319.1oE 11.9oE 46.5oE. 5.4 5.5 9.5 9.4 1.7. 7.5 8.4 14.0 15.4 2.9. 12.8. 71.0oN. 352.7oE. 14.6. o. o. o. o. 3.7 E 357.0oE 3.0oE 344.9oE 339.8oE 352.8oE 10.9oE. 2.6 2.4 5.1 5.5 1.2. 5.0 4.7 10.2 10.9 2.4. 18.0. 47.0 N 46.8oN 42.1oN 49.3oN 53.0oN 48.7oN 43.0oN. 5.4. 10.5. 24.3. 47.9oN. 356.9oE. 3.2. 6.4. 53.8 N 54.0oN 31.1oN 29.7oN 36.9oN 59.2oN. 64.4 E 65.3oE 47.9oE 65.2oE 39.6oE 65.1oE. 12.3 17.9. 15.8 22.8. 17 18.2 19.7. 44.3oN. 60.5oE. 79.7oN 68.7oN 74.0oN. o. o. 21.3 E 31.5oE 217.9oE 28.4oE 26.5oE 204.7oE. 5.0 4.1. 9.5 7.9. 23.3 30.5 25.0. 37.6 N 24.8oN 16.0oN 25.2oN 31.6oN 35.5oS. 6.9 8.0 7.8. 13.5 15.4 14.8. 11.6. 15.6. 30.6oN. 26.1oE. 2.9. 5.6. 27.5oE 3.3oE. 9.5 10.8. 13.6 17.8. 55.1oN 49.9oN. 6.7oE 4.4oE. 4.6 6.9. 8.4 13.3. 9.4oE. 7.7. 11.9. 52.1oN. 5.3oE. 4.0. 7.4.   (a) Carboniferous palaeomagnetic pole positions calculated from the site-mean directions of the Honjom Formation in this study. (b) Carboniferous palaeomagnetic pole positions calculated from the formation-mean directions of the Hongjom Formation in Yemi area (YM: this study) and Yongwol area (YW: to be published). (c) Upper Palaeozoic palaeomagnetic pole positions from the North China Block (NCB) and the South China Block (SCB) listed in Lin & Fuller (1990), Enkin et al.(1992), Dobson & Heller (1993), Gilder et al.(1995) and Huang & Opdyke (1996).

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(286)

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