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Analysis of paper map images for acquiring 3D terrain data

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Analysis of paper map images for acquiring 3D terrain data

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Department of Computer Engineering, Woosuk University

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Abstract

One of the major problems in GlS(Gmgraphical Information Systems) involves acquiring 3-D terain data.

Btrause conventional methods such as land surueying or analysis of aerial photographs are costly, the method of using existing paper maps has been gaining considerable attention. This method demands three processing steps: 1) extraction of contours, 2) assignment of height values to the extracted contours, 3) reconstruction of 3-D terrain data. In this paper we systematically develop a procedure for acquiring 3-D terrain data from contour solutions. For the first two steps, we describe the necessary operations and roughly sketch solutions.

For the last step, we propose an efficient raster-based algorithm and present the results of experiments with existing paper map images.

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Computer Graphics Society

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Analysis of paper map images for acquiring 3D terrain data

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Computer Graphics Society 70

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Analysis of paper map images for acquiring 3D terrain data

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7l €^J"il rI4 rBsq 3*J ul|:35 ^l+6lq 6l

4+ e"l d* +^l+ +* +^l= +EJe4. (olql

ul^39 a4 b *9 ,J+ €tlg yld}Tl +14 14

fi cr 3!+ 4= ^l+e4.)

a * u l ^ = ( F ) + * o l ^ 3 ( B ) rB 5. zl 4E$ uN:.=.

if (rtitlit == L) dEJ +^l :

f o r i = 2 , . . . , Y R E S - l d o f o r i = 2 , . . . , X R E S - f d o

I[i]tl= minimum (I[i+x][j*y] + Flxl[v])) (x,y)eF & Ilirxlfi+y]+w

+* +^l :

f o r 1 = Y R E S - 1 , . . . , 2 d o f o r i = X R E S - 1 , . . . , 2 d o

if (0<rtilul<L)

I[i][]= minimum (Ili+xl[*y] + Blxllyl)) (x,y)€B & Ili+xlt+yl+W

( 7 t ) "Jq 4E €+ ( + ) +=9 Ead

(295*.N *+ill+E) €+

(4) ++ ;'l+"ll^l ulr+S +gg 4e

a A 7 . z l E 4 l , t l i€ t F a d q + g € z l € ( 4 1 + )

dEql 46J D*,ol altl€4. Di" 9^l C*,tl Cin {}

Computer Graphics Society 72

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Analysis of paper map images tor acquiring 3D terrain data

el qCC Hl+q €*g a7l++ + 5"J+ r+4 I 4d^-l 41+€4. ulzluJe_=. *el + +alql^.l 7t Fzll9 a4 €tI.I -H-A^lg 4+il9.E.ri + ol*-6J FJ.d ^lol oI g= .E-= rli+del =ol aol 7jl+g+.

Aerlrl .J4el €lrd G*-G"41 EI* "Ja"lA el Fzl 44€. 7l+6lg-e_+, e "J-zq=e Fr.c 4E +.I 9= s= ol*+ €:nd ,*"ll 4"il nc 4+q €+ i^lE D"ut4 Dr"g 4ltlalE A"l 7l

;614. Ezl g+drt FnCe o, 4+t4 FaC I w , = z l l - E = L i + d g L s a T l E + + + g +

*lg+ dHJ +^l+ +* +^l= +EJ+E+. ole7il

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q el;l +gg 3ilg 4€g !-q=4.

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€ l-e azl s1;3 +, d* +^l+ +"J +^l€ +aJ E J 4 . o l e r l eqd €tie 4fd4 € q R t q + d9 Ci zlzl 9 Di' , €fHal "J9 R; .I+dg Ca ztl^14 D*, ll9 z*ts4. pl-zl Eos glel +t 4lol^J 7rJ Fzlig €*.1 _H-rJ4g zJ+6lq s=

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2.5cm z-zla +El\} €9ee.r'1, A+^l el el+.l 9l= ^l q"lq d4l Hol = + 0.6km * 0.6kmolEl.

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= t 1 7 l g 4 * 6 1 9 r , 4 - € a c s s t r + ' - l 7 l 9 + +ile-l= +dJ6194. o.| ar+= :ag 7(+)41^] I

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1 6 0 1 5 5 1 5 0

(70 O@ tlel zl€

f g 9 ^ I ? l 6 J " J

(+ @@ *9 ^l€ (El) O@ *9 xlq i 1 4 # s s + g + r 3 8 @ € q 9 ; < l € .

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"il +lil;J 2t5m B94E q.Jg + il+. E+ ol ++ul +^l -s=+ ol4ol gzl 6J ++4E E + 914. r4r -q=+ q+Bel 4l+, g+ +7JT9 +a^1, olr]l e,J +e9 s;(lSg q.Jg + rl4.

+ g g z l € 9 e 4 s t t r g ' J 7 l 6 l = ? t e q e J s zlg"l 4. + =Eql^]= Szl zlgq 6i+E_^l rB 7 ( 4 ) e _ l + g € z l € q l ^ l F l C 4 E € + = 6 l q + l

4el "Jq SrdQJ rB 7(+)e+ ul ral€ !-9i4.

F.ird +€g i34l.l^l 7Ig€ gs:a*€- ^l+alg +. fB 89 5m 7J49=_ i=.* 5lld TlEol El.

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=4 +rJ +ol Frd.l 6il*61q, zl^16l +a5illr E ol €-e 10m Bg +ld9 ?zJ"l 9:1 t3g I + il4.

ol arlql^l 9 Tlzl 571 g ^lBJEg El€.r+ + 4 . 4 a l , r g 8 e l @ s ^ l € z l $ a l ! , o l * + + F i l d o l Z e l € ; J g o l + q . l ; J 6 1 t s A + ( @ € qel =i+ -E^l d), Di, 4 D.* ql ai"J6l= 4t A E= 49 "J4dg ol =4. 6lzl EJ €;jldrJE +ol { } z l 7 l s l q z l = A + ( @ S q q + + _ * . ^ l d ) " I ^ - l

= + 4t AtzY 4s1 +4ql Tlrl+ €EI7l €El.

e =E"I^j ^l+61= !-A4C Din rl Dou, el tlEll 4.J Hlg"I tr14 =ol ttg zlt6l!_E_, + a+ s + C l " J + a 4 = = q ; J E l . r g 8 . I ^ l @ € q e l + F'.41 (110m 4 120 m Fol €:n,3) ^lol oil^.i + = 9 t r s m + o l I = l : a d o ] o l 5 F a d q + ' J g z l L I E + a49 €4zi ol 4.J +*g .J++q.

5'tl, :ag 8el @ .E^l€ z1 qg +*dil -H.E, ol ,(l qg 150mel r60m *ol 9 + 5l:ildol ,{+7}=

*qs^J +A tsol "J tssm Fldol rB 8ol^le+

a o l + = 9 f l 4 . o l u { @ z l q q s ^ l € 4 e O O *g zl€e rB 9(71)el + g a ^ l = o l + /l gEl. =, ^rl.J+ ga4=+ @ ,l qql^.1 el Eol Fadol ,Jzll E:=+ zl qql^l= Ssi6J a^l€ ,,t

Computer Graphics Society 74

= s + * s * e l , l € g ^ J c + E l . E + 4e O O q t + z l 6 l a l E ^ l € ? s @ O 1 t q ^ 1 4 g : a g 9 ( + ) + a s 4 , a s o @ * e z l q e r g e ( 4 ) 4 +ol ++ El *g zl€9 ol=4. ol5 a s.il ;il*61= ,l €el a^l= 160m Frc9e+el e l zl4 4 a.qel +"I 9611 a 4 € 4 . o l z l + a ' +

= rg 8ql E^l € 04 @ zl qol^-lE Fg6}7il

4 * € 4 .

5 . g E

5;r.d zl EE+EI 3;lg zl eJ ulE-€ q=6lzl 9l;ll ge+ dil4"J 714 €il= ;il4l4-s-s al^l 6i9+. Fad ++ "f Fild +ol ll +q tal.l ril6X^l= g.c+ €t=4 7l = S+ ,Ja+€ 4E 4 4 6 1 9 s q , z l € + g t 4 l q l r . l ; I ^ l = 4 . E l 7 l Al gll4=9 zil'J6l.". €^I ;4lE EIol EIE rl^Jg s6J d6j Ar+= 7l€d194.

6J+ €+ r+xlg-= Fnd += 4 FaC Fol l} +q +4q ql6J 44el "Ji14+ €rll 't +€

I $-e-;lq, flE$ zl $ ^l+zl oJElqol ^g ++

+ss,4 E-a.C zl E.s+El 3ilg ^l e +gg 9l + d4l ^l:EJg 8,6J4 e-e ++6llol +4.

6 . g u E - d

[1] S.Ablameyko, at al, "Automated map-drawing digitizing technology based on scanner input," Proceedings d the IAPR Workshop on Machine Vision Appliations, pp.48-51, 1994.

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[3] W.B.Barrett, et al, "An image space algorithm

for morphological contour

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Analysis ol paper map images lor acquiring 3D terrain data

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[13] G.Jiao, et al, "On the extraction of various regions in vector maps," Prcreedings of the IAPR Worksl'np on Machine Vision Appliations, pp.230-2%, IW4.

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Computer Aided Design, Vol.19, No.4, pp.l71-187, May 1987.

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on Document Analysis and

Recosnition, pp.944-947, 1995.

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Prrrceedings of thz Third Interrntiorwl Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp.t54-157, 1995.

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IEEE Trans. on Pdttem Arwlysis and Machine Intelligerrce, Vol.l7, No.12, pp.l 191 - 1201, Decemberl995.

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t23l

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l25l

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[26], H.Yamada, et al, "Directional mathematical morphology and reformalized hough transformation for the analysis of topographic maps," IEEE Trans. on Pattem Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol.15, No.4, pp.380387, 1993.

[Z], H.Yamada, et al, "Recognition of elevation vaiue in topographic maps by multi-angled parallelism," in Doaunent htage analysis, edited by H. Bunke, et al, World Scientific Pub. Co., pp.ll49-r169, 1994.

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l29l 'J+€, .elqd 71RI galiq, 4qEl "l J.4 + = o J ^ l g E : + c E E q z l + "Jq."

*a4*zl?fl +^l+el *#, 19e3.

[30] ,J'J71, u]++, fl€HI, 'E4"J4ql *4+ z]

Eel 4*4 44 't 4Elr+," 418E1 4L '.1 4 "A ol 6il"il &6J 9lr# *E+

Ed, Yol.8, pp.121-126, 1996.

t 3 1 l d € H ] , o l = r g , " z l E r l e l C t r + = g 9 + 4

"4 "1dil.il *"J el3* BJEEE4, pp.ll6-122, 1994.

[32] s_oJ^], "Ea4+ql 7lR]6J a4lc <t4 4l+

7l ga4+," ^il4t1 g*44 "j "ldl.il

$il el-z'* gEEEd. Vol.4. 1992.

t33l gE, ='Cul, ol 6JB, "g.^l€+ ol d+ 'Ja4

#"|| 4+ il4l49l 471," ,il881 €ZL4 4 g olailal lEJ +lz$ Pl-E=Ed, Vol.8, pp.115-120, l$z.

t 3 4 l o l d d , 4 c * , " F r c + = g + l 6 J E r + 4 A l 4+d aa u3-9,' {-Hd4 Egzl. al 1€, zl3E, pp.409-417, 19%.

t35l olrlC, aEd€a+ EizCE lel E&ZJ"J d eg q* €41 a4 !zeJG', a1'<7q 9t EE, A+ril+f,, rwl.

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19968 29.

t37l +=dl, zlQSEE, *4^1, rws.

t38l C!-'+qgl, 4Ha++Elzl (GIS +d), ,q'lr3a 413i, 1995H 39.

Computer Graphics Society 76

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