Analysis of High School Students’ Difficulties Related to Procedural Knowledge in Solving Classical Mechanics Problems

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Analysis of High School Students’ Difficulties Related to Procedural Knowledge in Solving Classical Mechanics Problems

Junhong Lim · Bongwoo Lee

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Department of Science Education, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea (Received 26 June 2015 : revised 9 July 2015 : accepted 10 July 2015)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difficulties related to procedural knowledge in solving classical mechanics problems. To this end, 60 high-school students took part in this research.

In 113 cases students experienced difficulties related to procedural knowledge in solving classical mechanics problems. These cases were analyzed by using 16 difficulty factors. The results of this study were as follows; First, we found more difficulties in the solution process especially related to the applications of interaction formulae. Second, students had much difficulty in solving problems requiring to visual ability because many students could not understand graphs or pictures and were unable to transform one graph into another graph with different variables. Third, students had difficulty in solving problems requiring analyses of the relations between variables in various interaction formulae. Students might know routine concepts, but could not systematize multiple concepts or apply the concepts in other contexts. We propose several suggestions for physics teaching and learning based on the results of this study.

PACS numbers: 01.40.Ej

Keywords: High school students, Solving physics problem, Difficulty factor, Classical mechanics, Procedural knowledge

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Table 1. Number of students and analyzed problems.

No. of students No. of problems Male Female Male Female

Physics I 27 10 36 14

Physics II 23 0 51 0

Total 50 10 87 14

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Table 2. Students’ difficulty in solving classical mechanics problems related to procedural knowledge.

Process Difficulty No.

Under

Problem

Lack of Visual

Lack of graph

8 11

35 42 -standing

understanding

interpretation skills

interpretation skills Lack of picture

3 interpretation skills

Lack of conditions

Lack of ability to

17 24 interpretation skills

verify the condition Lack of conditions

7 interpretation skills

Recognition of Lack of ability to check evaluation elements 4 evaluation elements Lack of ability to analyze evaluation elements 3 7

Planning

Reconstructing a Lack of ability to reconstruct problem temporally 1

11 problem Lack of ability to reconstruct problem visually 10 30

Relationship Lack of ability to apply concepts 17

19 between concepts Lack of recognition of relations among concepts 2

Solution

Use of formula

Lack of mathematical literacy 9

41 59 Lack of formula literacy 14

Lack of ability to find relation between variables 18 Computational

Lack of computational ability 7

18 ability

Mistake in calculation 7

Lack of ability of interpreting computational result 4

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Analysis of High School Students’ Difficulties Related to Procedural Knowledge in Solving Classical Mechanics Problems