제4차 스마트 조명 지식연구회

(1)

(2)

(3)

[발표 1]

LED 발열문제의 근본적 해결을 위한 화학적 리프트오프법

나현석

교사

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

[발표 2]

OLED 조명의 기술개발과 산어보하 현황 및 전망

박영호

교수

(16)

목 차

I. What is OLED Lighting?

II. Market Trend of OLED Lighting

III. Technology of OLED Lighting

IV. Application of OLED Lighting

V. Nest Tecnologies of OLED

VI. OLED Modules & Luminaires

I. What is OLED Lighting?

II. Market Trend of OLED Lighting

III. Technology of OLED Lighting

IV. Application of OLED Lighting

V. Nest Tecnologies of OLED

VI. OLED Modules & Luminaires

스마트조명 연구회 2/53

I. What is OLED Lighting?

II. Market Trend of OLED Lighting

III. Technology of OLED Lighting

IV. Application of OLED Lighting

V. Nest Tecnologies of OLED

VI. OLED Modules & Luminaires

OLED 조명 기술개발, 산업화 현황 및 전망

LED, OLED 조명 연구회

OLED 조명 기술개발, 산업화 현황 및 전망

August 15. 2013

(17)

History of Display

I. What’s OLED ?

Lighting 변천사

I. What’s OLED ?

(18)

Proto-Type of Flexible OLED Display

Samsung Emopulse Samsung

I. What’s OLED ?

Samsung Emopulse Samsung LG Chem LG Display Samsung 스마트조명 연구회 6/53 Sony UDC

OLED Display Applications

I. What’s OLED ?

PM OLED Applications

_{AM OLED for Smart-Phone}

(19)

Flexible OLED Lighting

I. What’s OLED ?

Solvay, Holst Centre 69cm2, 30lm/Watt _{Konica Minolta Lighting Fair 2013}_{exhibition(?)}

GE and Konica Minolta

flexible desk lamp prototype(2010)

Flex-o-Fab Project(Holst Centre, Philips, DuPont Teijin Films, 2013)

Made by Agfa, Philips and Holst

OLED 조명의 예

I. What’s OLED ?

Table light

(20)

기존 조명 산업 현황

II. Market of OLED Lighting

조명산업 패러다임 전환

ü

에너지 자원의 무기화로 인한 지속적 유가 상승으로 3차 에너지 파동 조짐

ü

교토 의정서(RoHS/WEEE) 발효로 환경 규제 강화

ü

삶의 질 향상으로 인간친화적 감성조명 수요 증가

ü

Display 및 반도체 infra를 이용한 차세대 성장 동력 산업 아이템

ü

미래기술인 Flexible Electronics, 유기전자소자 분야와 핵심 기반 기술 공유 가능

Why OLED Lighting ?

I. What’s OLED ?

(21)

q 환경 규제로 백열등 시장이 축소되며, 대체 조명시장으로 LED 및 OLED 조명시장 확대 예상

Lighting Market

II. Market of OLED Lighting

구분 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 스마트조명 연구회 12/53 근거 : 유비산업리서치 2009 OLED 광원보고서 구분 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 형광등 42,759 47,694 55,473 61,084 66,695 72,306 77,917 백열등 67,771 69,698 69,437 66,007 62,578 59,149 55,719 LED 1,350 2,000 2,495 3,244 4,217 5,482 7,126

OLED

6

226

432 1,136

1,638

2,902

5,225

전체 111,887 119,617 127,836 131,471 135,128 139,839 145,987

Solid State Lighting(고체 조명)

II. Market of OLED Lighting

(22)

전세계 광원 시장 전망

-2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020 Year M a rke t (M U S $ ) OLED Lighting LED Lighting

II. Market of OLED Lighting

(단위: 백만 달러, %) 구 분 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 백열등 2,091 1,543 1,237 828 581 -2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020 Year M a rke t (M U S $ ) OLED Lighting LED Lighting 스마트조명 연구회 14/53

출처 : IHS Displaybank Report, “조명용 OLED 산업 분석 및 시장 전망” (July 2012))

구 분 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 백열등 2,091 1,543 1,237 828 581 형광등 7,776 8,088 7,496 5,988 4,405 할로겐 3,205 3,537 3,471 2,676 1,937 컴팩트 형광등 4,726 5,015 4,208 3,053 2,397 가스 방전등 3,348 3,488 3,341 2,720 1,890 LED 4,098(16.1) 7,582(25.1) 10,804(32.9) 16,857(47.0) 21,476(56.1) OLED 159(0.6) 1,003(3.3) 2,300(7.0) 3,774(10.5) 5,610(14.6) 전체 25,403 30,256 32,856 35,896 38,298

OLED Lighting Market

II. Market of OLED Lighting

(23)

② White OLED (Stacked Structure)

① OLED Display (RGB Type)

Cathode

_C

a

th

o

d

e

(-)

OLED Display와 OLED Lighting

R

o

w

Anode

III. Tech. of OLED Lighting

・ Matrix Pixels (

R

,

G

,

B

화소형성)

(Crossed Anode & Cathode)

・ Line by Line Scanning

・ Discrete ASIC Drivers

(TCP or COG Method)

Anode(+)

Anode

C

a

th

o

d

e

(-)

Column

Cathode

Anode

Pixel

・ Matrix Pixels (

R

,

G

,

B

화소형성)

(Crossed Anode & Cathode)

・ Line by Line Scanning

・ Discrete ASIC Drivers

(TCP or COG Method)

유기물/고분자 ELD

는 반도체 성질을 띄는 유기물 또는 공액 고분자를 발광 소재로 하여 이를 두

전극 사이에 끼워 놓고 전압을 가하면 전류가 발광 소재 내로 흐르면서 유기물 또는

고분자로부터 빛이 발생되는 원리 (

전기발광

이라 부른다)를 이용하는

발광 디스플레이

OLED 발광 원리

III. Tech. of OLED Lighting

(24)

Ra≒90

High Color Rendering Index is very important for kind of museum usage because of its own characteristic of the broad spectrum like the sun light.

t:2.22mm & weight:38g

Very thin thickness and light weight are effective for good designing and making new application. Temp:≒30℃

Our OLED lighting panels minimize heat generation & heat influence to irradiated objects. It's suitable for built-in application or museum/food lighting. △u’v’<0.004

chromaticity allowance

Our OLED panel has good deviation in terms of the Energy Star Standard.

Save Energy

Oled panel contribute the reduction of CO2 emission and to save energy than fluorescent lamp in near future.

Hg:zero

Oled panel is mercury free and complied with RoHS. UV:zero

Properties of OLED Lighting

_{By Panasonic Idemitsu OLED Lighting}

III. Tech. of OLED Lighting

Ra≒90

Save Energy

Hg:zero

Ra≒90

Save Energy

Hg:zero

OLED Process Sequence (TFT, PM-OLED)

Glass substrate

TFT 구조

AM-OLED

PM-OLED

III. Tech. of OLED

LTPS-Si TFT 공정도

SiO2/a-Si 증착 Interlayer Depo

a ⇒ Poly Si(ELA) Via Pattern (V) Poly-Si Pattern (I) ITO Depo Gate Ox/Metal

증착

ITO Pattern (VI)

Gate Pattern (II) 평탄화막 증착

TFT 구조

AM-OLED

PM-OLED

i) ITO, Cr substrate ii) ITO & Cr Patterningiii) Inter-Insulator formationiv) Cathode separator formation

Array Process : Photo-Etching

Depo & Encap. in OLED Equipment

Gate Pattern (II) 평탄화막 증착

이온 주입 평탄화막 Pattern (VII)

SiN 증착

SiN Pattern (III)

S/D Metal 증착 S/D Pattern (IV) LTPS/Oxide TFT 대면적 양산기술확보 ix) Metal Depo x) Encapsulation

xi) Testing xiii) Packaging v) Plasma Treatment vi) HIL/ HTL Depo viii) ETL/EIL Depo vii) R/G/B/W Depo

(25)

Future Prospect of OLED Lighting

III. Tech. of OLED Lighting

From Panasomic, 2012

Comparison of OLED and LED lighting

OLED 조명의 장점

-. Color Comfort

-. Large-Area Emission

-. Form Factor

OLED 조명의 단점

-. Light Efficiency

-. Lightime

-. Cost Competitiveness

OLED 조명의 장점

-. Color Comfort

-. Large-Area Emission

-. Form Factor

OLED 조명의 단점

-. Light Efficiency

-. Lightime

-. Cost Competitiveness

IDTechEx Printed Electronics Asia 2013 conference in Tokyo, Japan

(26)

OLED 조명 소자의 개발현황

III. Tech. of OLED Lighting

Organic LED의 발전 추세

III. Tech. of OLED Lighting

(27)

OLED Application : 주조명

q 창문의 day/night 활용 비교와 그 외 실내 조명의 예

Day Night

V. Next Technology

스마트조명 연구회 24/53 Philips 근거 : OLED 광원기술 및 기술 로드맵_김도근

Light Efficiency of OLED Lighting

Panasonic Develops World's Highest Efficiency White OLED for Lighting

Panasonic Corporation today announced that it has developed a white Organic Light

Emitting Diode (OLED) with the world's highest luminous efficiency

*1

_of

_{114 lm/W}

(light-emitting area of 1 cm²). In addition, a luminous efficiency of 110 lm/W has also

been achieved with a device with a larger emitting area of 25 cm². The panels also

feature long lifetime -

over 100,000 hours

(LT50) and a brightness of of 1,000 cd/m

2

_.

The panel thickness was less than 2 mm.

• This development contains the following features:

1. Approximately 2.5 times improvement

*2

_{in the light extraction efficiency (light}

extraction efficiency of about 50%)

2. Simultaneous achievement of high efficiency and long lifetime

*3

_{(over 100,000}

hours)

• These features have been achieved with the following technologies:

1. Built-up Light Extraction Substrate (BLES) technology by the optimized

arrangement of the film, glass and air for the suppression of light confinement in

the OLED.

2. Optimal design of stacked organic emitting layers with high-efficiency

phosphorescent materials.

III. Tech. of OLED Lighting

Panasonic Develops World's Highest Efficiency White OLED for Lighting

Panasonic Corporation today announced that it has developed a white Organic Light

Emitting Diode (OLED) with the world's highest luminous efficiency

*1

_of

_{114 lm/W}

(light-emitting area of 1 cm²). In addition, a luminous efficiency of 110 lm/W has also

been achieved with a device with a larger emitting area of 25 cm². The panels also

feature long lifetime -

over 100,000 hours

(LT50) and a brightness of of 1,000 cd/m

2

_.

The panel thickness was less than 2 mm.

• This development contains the following features:

1. Approximately 2.5 times improvement

*2

_{in the light extraction efficiency (light}

extraction efficiency of about 50%)

2. Simultaneous achievement of high efficiency and long lifetime

*3

_{(over 100,000}

hours)

• These features have been achieved with the following technologies:

1. Built-up Light Extraction Substrate (BLES) technology by the optimized

arrangement of the film, glass and air for the suppression of light confinement in

the OLED.

2. Optimal design of stacked organic emitting layers with high-efficiency

phosphorescent materials.

Panasonic Develops World's Highest Efficiency White OLED for Lighting

Panasonic Corporation today announced that it has developed a white Organic Light

Emitting Diode (OLED) with the world's highest luminous efficiency

*1

_of

_{114 lm/W}

(light-emitting area of 1 cm²). In addition, a luminous efficiency of 110 lm/W has also

been achieved with a device with a larger emitting area of 25 cm². The panels also

feature long lifetime -

over 100,000 hours

(LT50) and a brightness of of 1,000 cd/m

2

_.

The panel thickness was less than 2 mm.

• This development contains the following features:

1. Approximately 2.5 times improvement

*2

_{in the light extraction efficiency (light}

extraction efficiency of about 50%)

2. Simultaneous achievement of high efficiency and long lifetime

*3

_{(over 100,000}

hours)

• These features have been achieved with the following technologies:

1. Built-up Light Extraction Substrate (BLES) technology by the optimized

arrangement of the film, glass and air for the suppression of light confinement in

the OLED.

(28)

Applications of OLED Lighting (LG Chem)

From LG화학 Homepage

Lighting Source of OLED Lighting (LG Chemical)

(29)

해외 OLED 조명업체의 Roadmap (II)

IV. Applications

“OLED 조명 기술 동향” in 전자통신동향분석 제24권 제6호 2009년 12월

해외 OLED 조명업체의 Roadmap (I)

IV. Applications

(30)

q 야마나시현 산업기술진흥기구 유기일렉트로닉스연구소와 여러 업체가 공동으로 진행

OLED Application : 일본의 예

IV. Applications

IMES-ceiling lighting IMES 고이즈미산업 IMES Matsushita NEC 스마트조명 연구회 30/53

Research Institute for Organic Electronics in Yamagata

OLED lamp stand Matsushita

Toyota Industries

OLED Application : OSRAM

IV. Applications

Table light _{Transparent light}

(31)

OLED Product Roadmap : DOE SSL

V. Next Technology

Properties of Panasonic Idemitsu OLED Lighting

(32)

What’s Process to Down the Manufacturing Cost.

OLED Price Projection

Cost w/ Method

스마트조명 연구회

Sample OLED Manufacturing Cost Roadmap.fromWilliam Feehery, DuPont, “OLED Lighting Manufacturing Cost,” SSL Manufacturing Workshop, Fairfax, VA, April 2009

<Ref. : DOE SSL> Sample OLED Prince Roadmap.

OLED Lighting in OLED100.eu-project

14 partners from 6 countries

Develop all the necessary technologies forming the basis for efficient OLED applications

for the general lighting industry in Europe

(33)

Equipment : R&D & Mass Production

V. Next Technology

From Sunic System Ltd.

1. Process Chamber

& Vacuum System

-. Chamber

-. Mechanical Pump

-. High Vac. Pump

-. Gate V/V

-. Shutter

2. Aligner

-. CCD Camera

-. Lens

-. Lighting

-. PC w/ Grab Board

-. Shadow Mask

3. Evaporation Cell

-. Host Cell

-. Dopant Cell

-. Power Supplier

4. Thickness Control System

-. Crystal Sensor

-. Sensor Head

-. Thickness Controller

Organic Evaporation System

CCD

Glass

Mask

Shutter

THK

Monitor

Sensor

Cell

Motor

Aligner

PVD(물리 기상 증착)공정의 정의는 생성하고자 하는 박막과 동일한 재료(Al, Ti, TiW, W, TiN, Pt 등)의

입자를 진공 중에서 여러 물리적인 방법에 의하여 기판 위에 증착시키는 기술을 말한다. PVD중 여러가지

열원에 의해 증착하고자 하는 물질의 증발 현상을 이용한 증착 방식을 evaporation(진공증발증착)이라 한다.

V. Next Technology

1. Process Chamber

& Vacuum System

-. Chamber

-. Mechanical Pump

-. High Vac. Pump

-. Gate V/V

-. Shutter

2. Aligner

-. CCD Camera

-. Lens

-. Lighting

-. PC w/ Grab Board

-. Shadow Mask

3. Evaporation Cell

-. Host Cell

-. Dopant Cell

-. Power Supplier

4. Thickness Control System

-. Crystal Sensor

-. Sensor Head

-. Thickness Controller

Cryo

Pump

CCD

Glass

Mask

Shutter

THK

Monitor

Sensor

Cell

G/V

THK

Sensor Cont’r Motor

Thickness

Monitor

1. Process Chamber

& Vacuum System

-. Chamber

-. Mechanical Pump

-. High Vac. Pump

-. Gate V/V

-. Shutter

2. Aligner

-. CCD Camera

-. Lens

-. Lighting

-. PC w/ Grab Board

-. Shadow Mask

3. Evaporation Cell

-. Host Cell

-. Dopant Cell

-. Power Supplier

4. Thickness Control System

-. Crystal Sensor

-. Sensor Head

-. Thickness Controller

Mechanical

Pump

CCD

Glass

Mask

Shutter

THK

Monitor

Sensor

Cell

Host Dopant

THK

Sensor Cont’r

Cell

Vacuum System

(34)

u

G5 OLED

G5 OLED 조명

조명 장비

장비 In

In –

– Line System Concept

Line System Concept

((공동

공동 Project DMS + Sunic System+ SNU)

Project DMS + Sunic System+ SNU)

[LLB]

GLS

[LMC]

Moving

GLS

[Chuck] OC Mask Return MC Mask Return

White OLED용 inline Type 장비

V. Next Technology

[LL]

[MS]

[Loader]

GLS

[Port#1]

[BF#1] [OC#1] [OC#2] [OC#3] [BF#2] [PMC] [BF#3] [MC] [BF#4]_[Port#2] [Un-loader]

[MS]

5G OLED 조명 장비 사진

Items

Unit

Dev. Target

Glass size

Gen.

5 Tact Time

min

< 1

Tact Time

min

< 1

Depo. Rate

Å·m/min

≥ 600

O-Efficiency

%

≥ 60

O-Thick Non-Unif

%

≤ ± 2

Depo. Rate

Å·m/min

≥ 1,000

Metal Thick. Non-Unif

%

≤ ± 5

Continuous Depo. Time

hr

≥ 300

OLED System Full Layout for Display

-. Multi-Process Loading to Un-Loading

-. Real-Time Process & H/W Control

-. Low Particle Technology

-. High Vacuum Control(<1E-8 Torr)

-. Long Time Reliability

-. Minimum Working Time (> 144hr)

V. Next Technology

-. Multi-Process Loading to Un-Loading

-. Real-Time Process & H/W Control

-. Low Particle Technology

-. High Vacuum Control(<1E-8 Torr)

-. Long Time Reliability

-. Minimum Working Time (> 144hr)

(35)

Roll-to-Roll OLED Fabrication

V. Next Technology

GE Flexible Lighting Prototype

Deposition Equip. of R2R at Vacuum

V. Next Technology

(36)

Top Level의 R&D Activity

Ceramic Layers Isolation Layers

Glass Substrate

Barix coating Active OLED

Barix T/F Encap. in Vitex Co.

V. Next Technology

System Configuration for Barix Encap.

Ref. http://www.vitexsys.com

Encapsulation of OLED

1. Metal or Glass

CAN

Glass substrate

V. Next Technology

OLED Requirement Limit of MOCON measurement

2. Glass or Polymer

Sheet

Glass substrate

Glass/Polymer

_{Water Permeation Rate (g/m}

2

_{/day at 25}

_℃

_{) in T/F Encapsulation}

10-6 ₁₀-4 ₁₀-2 ₁₀0 ₁₀2 ₁₀4

H

₂

O permeation Rate (g/m

2

_{/day at 25℃)}

ETRI(2003.4) OLED Requirement P E C V D In o rg a n ic C o a tin g O rg a n ic C o a tin g s P E T ( h a rd -c o a t) P N B ,A rt o n

3. Thin Film

Passivation

(37)

OLED Display/Lighting에 대한 Supply Chain

Substrate

-Glass

- Flexible

ITO, Metal

Insulator

Organic

Materials

-Host

-Dopant

Barrier,

_Encap

Equipment

- Backplane

- Evaporation

- Encapsulation

OLED Lighting

1) TFT 기판(Display) Patterned ITO(조명) 기판제조

Panel Manufacturing

2) OLED 증착

3) Encapsulation

OLED Display, Lighting Design/Manufacturing

Consumer / User

높은 에너지 효율, 환경/인간 친화적, Design Freedom을 가진 Display와 조명

반도체, 디스플레이 Infra를 OLED 산업으로

Distributor (B to C)

System Integrator (B to C)

Improved Efficiency by Light Extraction

• External outcoupling is limited to extraction of light trapped in

glass substrate (substrate modes)

• Only internal outcoupling allows the extraction of the trapped

light inside the active OLED layers (organic modes)

• Combination of internal and external outcoupling gives the

best results

• External outcoupling is limited to extraction of light trapped in

glass substrate (substrate modes)

• Only internal outcoupling allows the extraction of the trapped

light inside the active OLED layers (organic modes)

• Combination of internal and external outcoupling gives the

best results

No outcoupling

OLED

External outcoupling foil

Internal outcoupling and

external outcoupling foil

(38)

OLED Modules

OPTICS

Highest optical lighting quality and

efficacy in combination with

a high quality surface

The optimal combination regarding optics, mechanics and electronics

OPTICS

Highest optical lighting quality and

efficacy in combination with

a high quality surface

MECHANICS

Optimized and robust

contact system integrated in

a slim format

MECHANICS

Optimized and robust

contact system integrated in

a slim format

ELECTRONICS

Efficient converter program out of one hand

Supply Chain에 따른 경쟁력

Items

Sub-Items

International

Domestic

Substrate

(기판)

- Glass

- Flexible

- Corning, ISAHI,

- FUJI Film, Vitex, etc

-. 삼성코닝, LG Chem. etc

Anode & Insulator

(전극 및 절연)

- ITO, Metal

- Insulator

- Ulvac, Kuramoto,

Geomatec

- 희성 금속

- 신안 SNP

- ITO, Metal

- Insulator

- 희성 금속

- 신안 SNP

Organic

Layer (유기증착)

- Host

- Dopant

Idemitsu Kosan, Merck,

Eastman Kodak, UDC,

Dupont, CDT, Novaled

LG화학, 두산전자, SFC,

덕산하이메탈, Dow Chemical,

대주전자

Encapsulation

(봉지)

- Barrier

- Encapsulation

Schott, Dynic Nagase

Vitex, Philips,

Nanonics, Novatec, 모디스텍

Equipment

(장비)

- Backplane

- Evaporation

- Encapsulation

- Module 및 측정장비

Tokki, Ulvac,

미쯔비시중공업, Applied

Materials

DMS, SEMES, KC-Tech

Sunic, SFA, YAS,

IM Tech, ADP,

SNU, McScience,

- Backplane

- Evaporation

- Encapsulation

- Module 및 측정장비

DMS, SEMES, KC-Tech

Sunic, SFA, YAS,

IM Tech, ADP,

SNU, McScience,

OLED Lighting

Panel (광원)

- AMOLED Panel

- Lighting Panel

Osram, Philips, GE, 코니카

미놀타, 루미오텍, Tohoku,

파니소닉 정공

LG Chem., 삼성 SMD, 네오뷰

코오롱

Lighting Extraction

(광추출)

- Internal

- External

Schott, NALUX, 3M, ASAHI,

Anteryon

MTN, Kolon, etc

OLED Lighting

Fixture (조명)

(39)

Motivation of smart lighting developments

LED and OLEDs could cut power consumption by 50% by 2025.

Optimization and innovation for greater energy efficiency. 10-15% energy savings through improvements in efficiency with no change in design. Lighting management permits energy savings of up to 80%: § Daylight-based control: 40-60% § Presence detectors: 15-30%

Modern lighting concepts can achieve savings of up to 20%.

Project sequence: § Consulting § Visualization of dynamic lighting scenarios using the Vivaldi software package Electronic ballast

technology is a prerequisite for intelligent lighting management systems.

Light source

Luminaire

Lighting-management

Lighting

concept

Converter

스마트조명 연구회 48/53 Optimization and innovation for greater energy efficiency. 10-15% energy savings through improvements in efficiency with no change in design. Lighting management permits energy savings of up to 80%: § Daylight-based control: 40-60% § Presence detectors: 15-30%

Modern lighting concepts can achieve savings of up to 20%.

Project sequence: § Consulting § Visualization of dynamic lighting scenarios using the Vivaldi software package

Only the optimisation of all components results into the best energy lighting solution

OLED Luminaires/on the Light+Building 2012

(40)

Application Efficiency – Illuminance Patterns

• Application efficiency =

Theoretical lumens /

Actual lumens

• OLED system

improves application

efficiency by 18-93%

over existing systems.

• OLEDs at 60 lm/W

matches

fluorescents at 100

lm/W in terms of

lighting power

density.

2x4’ fluorescent troffer

Recessed, 8’ x 10’ on center

Cluster of OLED panels

Variable Placement Density

• Application efficiency =

Theoretical lumens /

Actual lumens

• OLED system

improves application

efficiency by 18-93%

over existing systems.

• OLEDs at 60 lm/W

matches

fluorescents at 100

lm/W in terms of

lighting power

density.

• Application efficiency =

Theoretical lumens /

Actual lumens

• OLED system

improves application

efficiency by 18-93%

over existing systems.

• OLEDs at 60 lm/W

matches

fluorescents at 100

lm/W in terms of

lighting power

density.

From Mike Lu, Jeannine Fisher, and Peter Ngai. Acuity Brands Lighting Inc.

OLED Integration Aspects

Standarized light

sources

Optimized

Converter

Conventional

OLED

Light source

OLED

Converter

)

Lamp

OLED

Module

Technical reasons

- Limited area possible

in fabrication

- Current requirements

for large areas

- Lighting homogeneity

requirements

- Yield in fabrication

Business reasons

-Yield related costs

- Higher volume due to

standarized sizes

June 7th 2011

Luminaire

Technical reasons

- Limited area possible

in fabrication

- Current requirements

for large areas

- Lighting homogeneity

requirements

- Yield in fabrication

Business reasons

-Yield related costs

- Higher volume due to

(41)

China in LED Industry.

William E. Quinn of Veeco, SSL 2012

OLED 조명 산업 핵심역량 강화로 조기 산업화

□ OLED 분야의 기술이 대기업 위주로 편성

ㅇ 국책 과제가 주로 대기업 주도로 이루어짐.

ㅇ 중소기업 R&D 자금 확보의 어려움.

ㅇ 장비와 장비의 부품간 세제 지원 차별

□ OLED분야 산업기반센터의 활용이 어려움.

ㅇ OLED관련 산업기반센터가 작은 규모로 흩어져 있어 유기적 협력네트워크 구축 필요

* 관련센터: 전북나노센터(프린팅), 광주나노센터(OLED장비), 포항나노센터(소재/소자),

서울대유기디스플레이연구센터(공정/소자) 등

□ 신 사업 분야의 조기 사업화 전략 필요 : 4~5세대급 테스트 장비 Infra 구축

ㅇ 국책사업에 의한 특허 활성화/중소기업 활용도 향상 방안 마련

ㅇ 산업화 기술 개발이 절실함. (Low Cost 제조 기술)

- 현재 구축된 장비로는 재료평가, 소자 평가만 가능함.

조기 산업화를 위하 4~5 세대급 평가 라인 구축 및 활용 방안 마련

ㅇ OLED 조명에 대한 응용 방안 마련

- OLED 조명 Design House/차세대 조명 상설 전시관

□ OLED 조명 보급화사업

ㅇ 광원의 특성을 감안한 시범 건물 구축

ㅇ LED와 동등 수준의 보급화 사업 추진

□ OLED 조명관련 연계 기술 확보

ㅇ 부품, 소재, 장비, 차세대 기술 등에 대한 연계 Project

□ OLED 분야의 기술이 대기업 위주로 편성

ㅇ 국책 과제가 주로 대기업 주도로 이루어짐.

ㅇ 중소기업 R&D 자금 확보의 어려움.

ㅇ 장비와 장비의 부품간 세제 지원 차별

□ OLED분야 산업기반센터의 활용이 어려움.

ㅇ OLED관련 산업기반센터가 작은 규모로 흩어져 있어 유기적 협력네트워크 구축 필요

* 관련센터: 전북나노센터(프린팅), 광주나노센터(OLED장비), 포항나노센터(소재/소자),

서울대유기디스플레이연구센터(공정/소자) 등

□ 신 사업 분야의 조기 사업화 전략 필요 : 4~5세대급 테스트 장비 Infra 구축

ㅇ 국책사업에 의한 특허 활성화/중소기업 활용도 향상 방안 마련

ㅇ 산업화 기술 개발이 절실함. (Low Cost 제조 기술)

- 현재 구축된 장비로는 재료평가, 소자 평가만 가능함.

조기 산업화를 위하 4~5 세대급 평가 라인 구축 및 활용 방안 마련

ㅇ OLED 조명에 대한 응용 방안 마련

- OLED 조명 Design House/차세대 조명 상설 전시관

□ OLED 조명 보급화사업

ㅇ 광원의 특성을 감안한 시범 건물 구축

ㅇ LED와 동등 수준의 보급화 사업 추진

□ OLED 조명관련 연계 기술 확보

ㅇ 부품, 소재, 장비, 차세대 기술 등에 대한 연계 Project

□ OLED 분야의 기술이 대기업 위주로 편성

ㅇ 국책 과제가 주로 대기업 주도로 이루어짐.

ㅇ 중소기업 R&D 자금 확보의 어려움.

ㅇ 장비와 장비의 부품간 세제 지원 차별

□ OLED분야 산업기반센터의 활용이 어려움.

ㅇ OLED관련 산업기반센터가 작은 규모로 흩어져 있어 유기적 협력네트워크 구축 필요

* 관련센터: 전북나노센터(프린팅), 광주나노센터(OLED장비), 포항나노센터(소재/소자),

서울대유기디스플레이연구센터(공정/소자) 등

□ 신 사업 분야의 조기 사업화 전략 필요 : 4~5세대급 테스트 장비 Infra 구축

ㅇ 국책사업에 의한 특허 활성화/중소기업 활용도 향상 방안 마련

ㅇ 산업화 기술 개발이 절실함. (Low Cost 제조 기술)

- 현재 구축된 장비로는 재료평가, 소자 평가만 가능함.

조기 산업화를 위하 4~5 세대급 평가 라인 구축 및 활용 방안 마련

ㅇ OLED 조명에 대한 응용 방안 마련

- OLED 조명 Design House/차세대 조명 상설 전시관

□ OLED 조명 보급화사업

ㅇ 광원의 특성을 감안한 시범 건물 구축

ㅇ LED와 동등 수준의 보급화 사업 추진

□ OLED 조명관련 연계 기술 확보

(42)

Artificial Lighting in All of the World

(43)

[발표 3]

OLED 조명용 패널의 고효율화 기술 및 응용 기술

유병곤

박사

(44)

OLED 조명 개요

Ⅰ

Ⅲ

Ⅱ

Ⅳ

V

OLED 조명 개발 현황

ETRI Technology Portfolio

무선제어 OLED 조명 시스템

Light Extraction Technology

Outline

VI

Summary

1

OLED Research Team / Byoung-Gon Yu

OLED 조명용 패널의 고효율화 기술

및 응용 기술

스마트 조명 지식연구회 발표자료

(45)

1. OLED 조명 개요

– OLED 기술을 기반으로 한 친환경, 에너지 절감형 차세대 조명 기술 – 우수한 색감, 높은 연색성을 가질 뿐만 아니라 초박형 평판광원으로 디자인의 우수성을 갖는 감성조명 기술

전통조명

면조명

투명조명

플렉서블조명

OLED 조명의 특징

3

1. OLED 조명 개요

전자

수송층

(ETL)

발광층

(EML)

정공

수송층

(HTL)

양극

(투명전극, ITO 유리, 등)

음극

(낮은 일함수 금속, Ca, Al:Li, Mg:Ag,등)

-

전자

정공

+

-

+

두께: 100 ~ 200 nm

Exciton

1) Carrier Injection (balanced injection; N

_e

= N

_h

)

2) Carrier Transport (bipolar transport;

m

_e

=

m

_h

)

3) Electron-hole recombination and exciton formation

(46)

1. OLED 조명 개요/

OLED Research at ETRI

1. Artistic

2. Transparent

3. Color Tunable

4. Flexible OLEDs

A. Various OLED panels

C. Design contest

D. IEC OLED Lightings Section

Dr. D.-H. Cho

Convener of OLED lighting section

B. Light extraction

5

1. OLED 조명 개요

Osram

Aston Martin One-77 supercar

(47)

2. OLED 조명 개발 현황

7

1. OLED 조명 개요/

OLED Research at ETRI

E. Interactive OLED

(48)

2. OLED 조명 개발 현황



효율



OLED 조명용 유기소재

고효율

백색 소자/패널 기술

광추출

소재/공정



OLED 면광원 구동 회로



수명



유기소재/소자/구동



방열봉지 소재/공정/장비



가격



OLED 면광원 생산 장비



저가격 패터닝 공정 및 장비



OLED 면광원 등기구



모듈



등기구/디자인

400 500 600 700 800 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Peak, FWHM BD (473, 56) GD (510, 61) RD (600, 58) N orma lize d In te nsi ty (a .u .) Wavelength (nm) 디스플레이용 발광소재 디스플레이용 발광소재를 이용한 백색광의 연색성 400 500 600 700 800 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Wavelength (nm) No rm ali ze d I nte ns ity ( a.u .) BD:GD:RD=1:1:1 WOLED 1 CRI 74 9

(49)

3. ETRI Technology Portfolio

OLED 조명 Value Chain

유리/소재/부품 OLED 면광원 Electronics 조명

Internal Light Extraction Films

Enhancement

> 50 %

High Refractive Index Films

N > 1.7

For micro pattern &

nano pattern

11

3. ETRI Technology Portfolio

OLED 조명 Value Chain

 White OLED devices

-

Phosphorescence

- 형광/인광 Hybrid

- Tandem structure

- Transparent & Flexible

- Color Tunable

효율 (lm/W) 형광/인광 Hybrid Phosphorescence

single

Tandem

single

Tandem

Flat

27

@ 1000 nit @ 3000 nit

25

@ 1000 nit

50

@ 3000 nit

34

Transparent

20

@ 1000 nit @ 1000 nit

40

Flexible

30

@ 3000 nit

Color

Tunable Color 패터닝된 패널 대비 80% 이상의 효율 Transparent & non-Transparent Stack 형

* @ ~ 3000 K, ~ 80 CRI

(50)

3. ETRI Technology Portfolio

OLED 조명 Value Chain

OLED panels

with artistic grid

Transparent OLED panels

Lighting Window

Color Tunable OLED panels

13

3. ETRI Technology Portfolio

OLED 조명 Value Chain

(51)

3. ETRI Technology Portfolio

OLED 조명 Value Chain

공진형 무선전원 OLED 조명

송신모듈

수신모듈

15

3. ETRI Technology Portfolio

OLED 조명 Value Chain

(52)

4. Light Extraction Technology

χ : out-coupling coefficient

η

_int

: internal quantum efficiency

Radiation mode : ~20%

Glass waveguide mode : ~ 35%

ITO/organic waveguide mode : ~45%

OLED 고효율화

 내부 양자효율 (internal quantum efficiency) 향상

- 고효율 소재

- 고효율 소자

 광추출 효율 향상

•내부 광추출 기술

•외부 광추출 기술

17

3. ETRI Technology Portfolio

OLED 조명 Value Chain

(53)

4. Light Extraction Technology

 OLED의 광추출 기술은 기판과 공기 사이의

전반사 효과에 의한 손실을 줄이기 위한 외부

광추출 기술과 기판과 OLED 소자의 박막 사

이의 wave-guiding 효과에 의한 손실을 줄이

기 위한 내부 광추출 기술로 구분할 수 있음.

 외부 광추출 기술은 비교적 안전하고 용이하

게 광추출 효율을 높일 수 있는 기술이나 광

효율의 향상이 50% 정도로 한계가 있음.

 내부 광추출 기술은

이론적으로 3배 이상의

광효율 향상을 보일 수 있는 있으나 매우 민

감하게 내부 OLED 구조에 영향을 주므로 전

기, 기계, 화학적 특성을 모두 만족해야 하는

난이도가 높은 기술임.

기술 개발의 필요성

19

4. Light Extraction Technology

※ Loss due to wave-guided mode :

(54)

4-1. Light Extraction Technology

기술의 특징

• Cost Effective Process (Photoless Nano Random Patterning)

• Scalable Technology

• OLED 내부 광추출 효율 향상

Nano random pattering W/O Photolithography

Random 마스크 형성 기판 etching 마스크 제거

고굴절 평탄층 코팅 OLED 제조

Planarization layer w/ high refractive indexy

21

(55)

4-1. Light Extraction Technology

on Flat Glass (E-1 Glass) on Nano-structured Glass (NS-Glass)

-굴절률 ; > 1.9

-투명 ; > 90%

-후막 ; 500~1,000nm

-박리 ; X

-황변 ; X

-후공정정합성 ;

. Ra = 2.5 ~ 6.0nm . ITO증착 damage free 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 n of HPL1 k of HPL1 n & k Wavelength / nm 300 400 500 600 700 800 50 60 70 80 90 100 Transm ittance ( % ) Wavelength (nm) Flat Glass/HPL1 E1-Glass/HPL1 NS-Glass/HPL1

Planarization with high n

23

(56)

Plastic substrate preparation process

4-2. Light Extraction Technology

Wrinkles?

A small ridge or furrow especially when formed on a surface by the

shrinking or contraction

of a smooth substance.

(Merriam Webster)

 The formation of wrinkles is a stress involved mechanical process.

 The presence of compressive stress across the surface is the main cause of wrinkle formation.  Thermodynamically, the formation of wrinkle is an effort of the system to minimize its free energy.

Ref) E. Cerda and L. Mahadevan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2003) 74302 Geometry and Physics of Wrinkling

?

Mega scale

Nano scale

25

4-1. Light Extraction Technology

(57)

4-2. Light Extraction Technology

Spin coating UV exposure Wrinkle formation

OLED light extraction Wrinkle characterization

Experimental approach

 Our experimental approach for forming wrinkles consists of only two-steps.

 1) liquid prepolymer was spin-coated to form an organic thin film.

 2) organic thin film was cross-linked by a UV exposure process.

 SEM, AFM, Transmittance and Haze

 OLED fabrication: vacuum process

 Bottom emission OLED with phosphorescent green (~ 540nm)

Processing scheme

27

4-2. Light Extraction Technology

Synthesis of liquid prepolymer

Substrate

Liquid prepolymer

t

UV

 In the UV process, the moieties form chemical binding to form a solid entity.  Compressive stress (t) acts on the

prepolymer during the UV curing process to cause wavy patterns on the film

 Wrinkle formation

 Liquid prepolymer : transparent and water like

 The prepolymer molecule has two crosslinking moieties.

Stress induced wrinkle formation

(58)

2000 rpm 3000 rpm 4000 rpm 5000 rpm

50 mm 50 mm 50 mm 50 mm



Wrinkle size is controllable.



Thinner films are easily perturbed.



Controllable transmittance and haze ( Wide applicability)



or RPM



 Film thinkness



 Wrinkle size



, Transmittance



4-2. Light Extraction Technology

Characteristics of wrinkles

29

4-2. Light Extraction Technology



The length of the wrinkles has a range of 10~ 16

m

m,

and two or three wrinkles are extending in the same

direction. In the Fourier transformation space(Inset), no

distinct diffraction pattern, spot or ring, was observed,

indicating the absence of long range ordering.



The optical transmittance of the wrinkle film on the

glass was ~ 15%. The measured haze was 94 %,

indicating optical scattering of nearly all incident light.



The AFM image captures the three dimensional shape

of wrinkles. The height and the pitch were measured as

860 nm and 1.55

m

m, respectively. Wrinkles appear

owing to the presence of stress in the crosslinking

process. Because there is no preferred stress release

direction wrinkles develop randomly.

(59)

OLED Research Team / Byoung-Gon Yu  OLED with wrinkle film show enhanced

luminance. ( Constant J condition)

 Size effects of wrinkle light extraction

 Higher light extraction in high viewing angle

 Max. 60% enhancement

 Negligible angle dependency on EL spectra

4-2. Light Extraction Technology

Light extraction using wrinkles

31

4-2. Light Extraction Technology

Wrinkle as light extractor in OLED application

Glass Anode (ITO) Organics Cathode



Wrinkles of can reduce total internal reflection

and contribute in light extraction(Substrate/Air)

a) Attachable wrinkle film

b) Wrinkle film attached on OLED

a) b)

Fabrication of attachable wrinkle film



Attachable wrinkle films were fabricated.



Highly flexible



Easily scalable

(60)

5. 무선제어 OLED 조명 시스템

• ETRI OLED House

- OLED + Smart functional - Color tunable, dimming

- Space embedded – emotional lighting - Android smart control

- Ambient wireless sensor

 시연 시스템

• ETRI 색가변 OLED 광원 이용

• 미니어처 하우스 제작

• 하루의 변화에 따라서 조명 환경의

변화를 시연

33

5. 무선제어 OLED 조명 시스템

OLED Driver AC/DC Converter DC/DC Converter Bluetooth Transceiver ZigBee Transceiver MCU Wireless Sensors OLED Driver OLED Driver OLED Driver OLED Driver _DriverOLED

OLED Driver OLED Lamp 사용자 입력 구동정보 , 환경 정보 센싱정보 OLED Lighting Driving System

Wireless sensors _{Tablet : User interface}

(61)

5. 무선제어 OLED 조명 시스템

4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 0 50 100 150 200 Cu rren t (mA) Volatge (V) Wireless Driving DC Driving

유무선으로 구동된 OLED

광원의 IV특성

정류된 무선 전원 OLED의

Turn-on 특성

정류된 무선 전원 OLED의

구동 특성

 공진형 무선 전원 공급 및 OLED 조명 모듈의 구동 특성

• 공진형 무선 전원 공급 OLED 조명은 무선 전력 전송 수신부로부터 정류된

직류 전원을 공급받아 OLED 광원이 점등하게 됨. 수신부에는 정류회로를

포함하고 있어 안정적인 직류를 공급하게 되며, 이로부터 OLED 광원은 유

선 전원 공급과 동일한 Diode 특성을 나타냄.

기술의 특징

35

(62)

5. 무선제어 OLED 조명 시스템

기술의 특징

1130 cd/m2 1010 cd/m2 1220 cd/m2 1180 cd/m2 1090 cd/m2

 복수의 공진형 무선 전원 공급 OLED 조명 모듈

• 함수발생기, 전력증폭기, 자동 임피던스 매칭기를 무선전력전송 송신부의

파워코일에 연결하여 전력을 전송함. 무선 전력 전송 수신부, 정류기, 퓨즈

는 PCB 기판에 일체화 되어 있으므로 무선 전력 전송 수신부와 OLED 조명

을 연결함으로써 복수의 OLED 모듈을 구동할 수 있음.

37

(63)

Acknowledgement

•

Funding

 This work was supported by ETRI R&D Program(The title of research project : “Development of interactive smart OLED lighting technology ") funded By the Government of Korea

 ETRI R&D supporting program of MKE/KEIT (Development of Light and Space Adaptable Display)

•OLED research center members

Dr. Seung Koo Park, Mr. Joohyun Hwang, Dr. Jin Woo Huh, Mr. Jin-Wook Shin, Mr. Jun-Han Han, Mr. Chul Woong Joo, Dr. Jonghee Lee, Dr. Doo-Hee Cho, Dr. Nam Sung Cho, Dr. Jong Tae Lim, Ms. K. -I. Song, Ms. S. J. Lee, Dr. Hye Yong Chu, Dr. Byoung-Gon Yu, Dr. Jeong-Ik Lee(Leader)

39