Development of Left-turn Actuated Traffic Signal Systems using Wireless Loop Detectors

전체 글

(1)

(2) .

(3) . . !"#$%& '( . $)*+, )*-.(.

(4). /01 23456 7(. EC O>8HD Y yK bcK de%&VK r5st. "#$%8 918:(. . 2 (n.$/o 4p0 STU qde %&VTW

(5) X r5st K uvwxyTWXK LLz M {|}~QQ hi5K uvwxyTWXK LLz r5st hi / !" #$ %&'()* r5st hi # +," -.$/ 01 .$ 1 p 2 / h 3 4 56 k / l 789::;< =>?@8>A BCD@EF G9?HI>>JK LLMK NGOP # S / =QBRQB LL STU %&VTWX SY Z,[K 2 / l LLK \$ 6] M .$ 1 # ^_ -` 5a0 bc def %&Vg hi jkK LL2K 4lm . . ;4&< =>?@A B4C =>DE?@F GHIE JA KLMNO P; Q NR;< =>STU V:W =>X Q 4CY =>4CR/Z [ . \ M] [ (R/^ <_ STIV àb Mcd V:X/ =>?@R/U $e fgh iN jF^ fkld =>m4n &o]pq Nqrs t =>4Cu &ovwFx fkld N?n yX]V\ je< =>-zu {G]V À B:Mab Mcd |}~ =>STDn _]X -_A $'lJ U ;F 0H Q &;F jF^ DEn *mvwFx N? Gu ]A z =>DE 456< klM IV àb X =>DE456< jeN?@A & 3 NXn M 1]V `w\ 3NX< % 1F Zd U ) \ < *^ d d@u V àb Mcd DF Z_ 3/ jeNX< d u @ ]V jeNX¡< V{< ¢u £.wF ¤d ¥¦ 3NXJ ¤GI§ab. M^ ¨ )*Â X 3NX< * < ¢u ©ª« ' `w\ X ¤GW z =>DE }~u ©« ' `;¬ ¥h 3 NXXz< 0H =>DE ?@n ¤G]A u ®wF dab .

(6). . ¨ )*A R¯ $eM &R¯ $e^ |_ m °± U iNjF\ ;F 0H Q &;F< $ 'l ²³M ´d jFn wF dab. h4#µ Z¶ iN jF. ·¸* iN jF. nuw. . ¨ )*A M¹ Vº< 8n XzwF »V¼½u. - 132 -.

(7)

(8)

(9) . ! c ! :%

(10) u

(11) . !. .

(12).

(13) .

(14).

(15).

(16).

(17) . . . !$%"# . . !" # $% &'( ) *+ ,-. /01 2 34 5678 49

(18) :;< 54 => ? !"# @A BC

(19) $D4 E

(20) @ :;< # *+8 FGH I@ JKLMNO 4P6 Q+ RS T<A 4U V W4 R +XY Z [ \]^ 47 _# @# 4 ` !" ,-./0 2 4 R) Aa# bc [ X4.

(21) . d H efg hijklm ? 8o] t8 tn rt8\ro rq8o t nq 8\]t nKKJ pqr^s pqJt^s p]Kq^s p r ^s puv q^ wxs 8JJq ]8]\J nKK\ pq\^s pqJ ^s . r\8orK p]qJ^s. rn8t\q nqq8JJn p o^s puv q]^ wxs.

(22) . &> g# Td ey

(23) -.u z & m{"8 |}~ ~|M X -.Uu! m_Ti -.m_ps8 %ei -.m_ps z h$e -.m_ 4p| } s! # /01 y u -. ?68 @4 *+ ,a c -. 1u. &> -.U 6 A 1 2 Q< uc u $ ¡AX @-¢ ¡A m £U *+ 58 4 c I$, 4 54 78 ¤ ¥¦I$ lm § 4U ¨ ©ª4 2 E

(24) « ¬*4X wm >Q ® ¯4 2678 h( ?!" °± 4X ²A ³) [ 6 c

(25) u# ´µ 4 ¶®· u ! u 4

(26) .U! 5) U¸¯4 2. . . &¹dº »¼8 +XY _# @ # 4 ` !"# y-.U# % 4 U ,-. /0 26X 4 :%

(27) @A ¥½ @$%¬¾4 ` h f0

(28) ¿ ÀÁ-./04 % E

(29) y u -.?) @4. *+ ,a c -. 1u ! c ! :%

(30) u ÀÁ-./0 m ¼ uTÂ $ 2 Ã u= -.U 6 A 1 2 u ¡A c

(31) Ä»¢ µP8 ¥, ¼8 [ 6 c

(32) u ´µ8 ¥I$ m @ÅÆ ? Ç

(33) ª È ÉY" _# @# 4 ` !"# ÀÁ -.U# %! Á u = Q< u#

(34) ª ÊËÂ $ 2 Ì¢ u Í

(35) ÀÁ-.U # 4 % Î Ä!" Ì¢ u Í

(36) ÀÁ-.U Ï ÐÑZ ÀÁ-.U

(37) . - 133 -.

(38) () 9y# N *yA x 0 + ,V= N'(. & '() ! " $%#.

(39)

(40) .

(41) !".

(42) # $ %&'( ) *

(43)

(44) + ,- ./ 0&

(45) - 12

(46) # & 34 56 78 !" 9.

(47) : & '(.

(48) + 0& ;< / %= %&

(49) ' >

(50) - ?/ ' *

(51) 4: @4AB CA DEFFG HIJ- K L

(52) B %0M N'(.

(53) . '&' . OPC OPC Q OPC R? ST UVW OPC X4 BY *

(54) T %

(55) +

(56) - ' Z[ #\ 4 #]V2 V = ^ OPC X4 _ OPC

(57) `' aBY

(58) - V b# N'(. ! " #$ % &' ()*. (. 5 OPC c< de fe OPC ._ c<4 g< N # ,hM ij OPC k [ - '( ,hB % l OPC *

(59) ij c< m n# op= OPC # @4 B ,h *

(60) $ * qr stuHg0B vnw- [S

(61) N'(. +,-./ (0 1 234 56)7*89 +. . x 9y zR { |} %~ xD U 9U SJ z/ 0` w# 4 jV A R?<T M N'( $; z/ gxz4 iA#= !"; iwD!j !g #dm $ >L J- 4 = N R?

(62) j; %9 &'( V: gx

(63) &Y- 'V &Y g3 7`. . . .

(64) ( ) *+ +, -. /0 ! "# $. %& %' 1223 4256 &7 89 :; < *=>? -. /0 &@ -. A0B C D E &7 89 GHIBJ K. O TU V ! FA "# $ B L*C M7N W

(65) X OP> QRB S

(66) K &@ LVB Y@ %Z! G= [ \%B K ]^_` a(> $ K % G= f` G` K ghG= OiG= Mj FA @bc. ) "#$ de k^G= +Y` g!

(67). ` &7 ) 0:B R lm ( VB ( ) *+no C z{| (} ~! @d! *+%& 7p )B q#B VB O C &7 I

(68) :

(69) @G` K <% ]J *+:r s)t uvw K Pt } ~! < a x +yB VB "#

(70) X .,0-''/. 56#$:)7*89 +. 8K 5 y- <V = K

(71) { 7` - ! 9y- AB `.V .; AB ,l'( 8K k P3T / ; &Y# & 0 gxVW 8 K M Nd B K 1& 5 -L

(72) - AB / ;'( $; 2 3" C- ?VW \4M N C" z 8K k C3 3 ; Sg<T

(73) VW ]m 4bw- 5 4V6'( !"Q 8K ¡¢7 8s£

(74) ¤¥ | ¦ Q X = w- 1 ] 8K \ 4 $B

(75) 9 NB R Q : KT

(76) V §+ S gx M N yB K

(77) ! &Y U ';; & <=L ! h5> ¨V gxz] ?4 - v~AB KM N'(. - 134 -.

(78) .

(79) *,(+- . . .

(80) !" #$ % &' ()* +, % -.

(81) / 0 ,1 2 34. . `g h!ci& jk<# #& $% l #& mn l oL pq3 ".

(82) . . 56789:

(83) .

(84) ! "# $% & ' ( ) * +, -. /0 * , 1$

(85) # 2+3# 41 ' 5

(86)

(87) 6 7 1$

(88)

(89) 89 # :,$%& ; 7 < # $%7 =# ; >' " ) :,$% -. ? /0# @ * + A BCDEFGCHHIJ7 ? KL * M+, -. ? N< 6 M

(90) O( P Q &RM

(91) * ST >' <U VW; $%7=# X Y $%& A ' Z[$ \ ]$% X3^ /0 8. 7 :,& >' ' ]$% VW; ; :,

(92) >'P# VW; ; _ _ N# ` <9 ' 1$

(93) 7 a $%7a >'b 8 !" R c a Y # $%7a ; 1$

(94) d/ _e f. . pr

(95). oL !" # $% !" # &' 0 12 34 5 !67 89: &' #; 0 <2 34 &' ()**!+,-# ./ 5 !67 89: &' #; 0 1" = ! 7 89: &' #; 0 <2 34 &' $% &' $% &' $> &' $>.

(96) & ' (). STs b 1$

(97) & /0# h!ci p p "# t u "# v* w h!ci xyM

(98) p ST s& v* X+ , z+, " -) . 1$

(99) ;{| / }( ~

(100) 7 |0 (| {, g | ]M *, g # 12 P | \ STs& 3 (3 "#

(101) .( Y *4 < U . - 135 -.

(102)

(103) .

(104) ! "# #$ %&' (% )*+, -. ! "#/ 01 !2 01 -. 3 4 #

(105) 5 6

(106) 78 9. :; <!+= > ? @ &'

(107) . ABCD E FG2 HI &J 0< KL$ M E , NOPQ E R A BCD 0<%&' S E , NOPQ E ,KT 2S E UE ABCD= 0<%&' SV NOPQ S E WXX , Y! >5 "12 HI/ &% ABCD 0< Z )[ \,&' !CD +D ] Y.^* <? _ 2/ !& à <? bc BdK &' .

(108) !"

(109) . . UE Ec : e U ! "< f#&'. ! "#$ . yz{ &$

(110) x5 | 2 HI }~V ~V ~

(111) 2 HI &J 0< =M %& c -.c 6 9. Z 0<%&' . ST UD ? V! WV XYZ [\] !^ _à e b Hc 1d. V! WV fYZ [\] !^ _à

(112) b Hc 1d e ?gh g V 1d - - ij /2 kl 1d mn6 op e q `' }, 5 (V ) ( *). . HI/ B yz{ + ` e 6* !2 +,% + - M 2 . bV -i G J 6* i2 c &' /V B yz{ :; . 2 .J 0 `2J Z yz{ , =M G J 6* `2J i % # 1 &' 2 Z B yz{ :; !"# z{ 3I >4 : Z 52 ` WXX 6I: z{ Z &'.

(113) . # $ %& '() * +, -.) / 0123 4 $ '56 789: ;<=>/ ? @ABC=D* EF6 G" H I JKL M @ NABC O $ PQR

(114) . . ghi

(115) AjCD k*, lmnolpqr st uWvw x

(116) ghi 2 #

(117) CD = 0<%&' - 136 -. ! ".

(118)

(119)

(120) !"

(121) . .

(122) . . .0/ 123' . . #$ %&'( )* +, -./0 12 34 3 567 8# %&'(9 (. " :8#9 ;4 3 5

(123) 8# < )

(124) 9 = 6 > ? @ A* 5

(125) 8#

(126) < )

(127)

(128) " @ A* 5

(129) 8# < )

(130) 9

(131) B ; 8# < )

(132) 9 6 C 9 <D %&'(9 )* ". . .

(133) . :< E& 8# hijk9 Dh C ]l+ < )

(134) 9 6 ". E& 8#

(135) F

(136) G H6I J6 )FK L MNL #3 #$ <O P QR ST UV ST W 34 3 5" XYZ E& 8# H6

(137) MNL L #3[\ + # ]+ #^ UV ST W F4 3 5" _ E& 8# J6

(138) J6 #3[\ ] E+ #Î àb c) E& 8# de

(139) <O < fg <OST W F4 3 5" I ! E& 8# #$ %&'( )* hi H

(140) jk> !". !"# $. !"#$% "&' ()* + !"#$% "&' )* + !"#$% + "&' ()* ++ !"#$% + "&' )* + , !"#$% "&' ()* ++ , !"#$% "&' )* ++ , !"#$% + "&' ()* +++ , !"#$% + "&' )* + + !"#$% "&' ()* ++ + !"#$% "&' )* ++ + !"#$% + "&' ()* +++ + !"#$% + "&' )* ++ + , !"#$% "&' ()* +++ + , !"#$% "&' )* +++ + , !"#$% + "&' ()* ++++ + , !"#$% + "&' )* - - !"#$% "&' ()* -+ - !"#$% "&' )* -+ - !"#$% + "&' ()* -++ - !"#$% + "&' )* -+ - , !"#$% "&' ()* -++ - , !"#$% "&' )* -++ - , !"#$% + "&' ()* -++ - , !"#$% + "&' )*.

(141) . . :< 6 ]l+ < )

(142) ? J6 c

(143) H6 MNL ]#&m J6Z n

(144) #

(145) \# J6 c o #9 p

(146) #3 qrs 8#

(147) < )

(148) Z ". % &'( )*+. . _ tD %&'(

(149) #3 XY '(U u & v. # W # w* XY hi x # Sy 8#

(150) < )

(151) Z . " - 137 -.

(152)

(153) .

(154) . . .

(155) ( . . . .

(156)

(157) .

(158)

(159) .

(160)

(161) .

(162)

(163) .

(164) .

(165) .

(166) .

(167) . ! "#$ &'.

(168) . ) ! "#$ %&'.

(169) . ! " # $% & "' () *% +,- & ."/0 123456767+,89 :;< => ?@A45 4 BC8 ."D E $ FDGH IJ IJ F DGH% + & KL

(170) . MN O P Q R ST UV&M W

(171) & XYD Z[.

(172) . * ) ! "#$ &'

(173) .

(174) . . ! "#$ %&'. + ,-. - 138 -. ! "#$ %&'.

(175) .

(176) . !" #$ %& ' ().

(177) ! " #$%&' () *+ ,& - #$% .& /0 . 123 45 / 6 -789% 89%: ;<= ) > ? ,& @A BC? DE%F. h) \i& Xj (C8 2CG kWe '@*8 lmTn o M HWe '( p q (r, %*/ 0 1DE

(178)

(179) .

(180) . . . ( ;< =>

(181) ? "#,

(182) sM 0 1 =>

(183) ? FGHI, ABCG h) \ i& W ) kWe ' p q (r , tCDE CQ u kWe vSWT oW: ?( w o'

(184) , ) "xyz s ] ^CDE h) 45 67'( V { D) U0| } ]^C~ 45 67'(

(185) , S! ) ;< =>

(186) ? @* AB sWT ]^ CDG DE.

(187) . ;(:<.

(188) . 45 389716 . .

(189) !"# $%& '( )*

(190) +, -./ 0 123 45 67'(8 9:) ;< = >

(191) ? @*8 ABCDE AB) FGHI JKJKL

(192) M)

(193) ? N O ;< =>

(194) ?P2 ;< Q =>

(195) ?R8 (S T 0:UV W- X>CG YW MZ, %* C[ \]^) _`MZ,

(196) aCb cdMZ "#W e f:, gWT ABCDE. E K GH IJKIJ GLLM E% #$NO EP Q.RS GLLGS T UVWXYZ [H \] ^3_ `?

(197) a #$

(198) b @A c/S GLLdS ef dH ghi: Wj 72@k_ l? >m h #$ S GLLnS opq E 2t q (r G28 )

(199) ?(( AB E 67'( j¡ML ¢£ ¤E !t'(8 :) ;< =>N

(200) ? AB q s ¥E !t'(8 :) `MZ S=>

(201) ?M¦§ FG HI PR¨6M¦§ © ©E JJªª KKªK « K E ¬®kPtR 2!" ¤ E ( %p¯°H $#$ ¢£ . - 139 -.

(202)