2 Had they been successful 3 Were he here
4 Had there been 5 Were they on the Moon 6 Had it not been raining 7 Were we in outer space 8 Had the train arrived
중간·기말고사대비문제 정답 본문 _ p.273
1 shines 2 ④ 3 ③ 4 had paid, have been caught 5 ② 6 ③ 7 ③ 8 ③ 9 ⑤ 10 practice speaking slowly 11 ⑤ 12 ① 13 If it were not for him [Were it not for him / But for him] 14 ③ 15 had joined 16 as if he had made a choice by himself 17 had been 18 am → were 19 had succeeded 20 if, as if 21 If it had not been for the invitation 22 ⓐ I didn’t know how to use this machine ⓑ I couldn’t bake cookies easily 23 ③ 24 could have invented the machine 25 ③ 26 she read
중간·기말고사대비문제 해설
1 조건을나타내는 if절이미래의일을나타낸다고하 더라도 if절의동사는항상현재형으로쓴다.
2 ④는 as if가정법과거완료문장이다.이때주절의
시제가 현재이므로 가정법 문장의 had written은
직설법으로 고칠 때 과거시제(didn’t write)를 쓴 다.
① was not→ is not(as if가정법과거)
② could→ should(가정법현재명사절)
③ don’t→ didn’t, can’t→ couldn’t
(if가정법과거완료)
⑤ was→ am not, didn’t say→ don’t say
(if가정법과거구문의 if생략)
3 ③ ‘~인지 (아닌지)’의 뜻으로 간접의문문을 이끄 는 if①②④⑤조건을나타내는 if
4 과거사실에반대되는일을가정할때쓰는가정법
과거완료로바꾸어쓸수있다.
5 ② didn’t support→ hadn’t supported
과거사실에반대되는일을가정하고,과거사실이
현재까지 영향을 미치는 경우에 쓰는 혼합가정법 이다. 「If+주어+had+과거분사 ~, 주어+would/
could/should/might+동사원형…」
6 과거사실에반대되는일을가정하고,과거사실이현재 까지영향을미치는경우에쓰는혼합가정법이다.
7 가정법과거완료는과거사실에반대되는일을가 정할 때 쓰이므로, 직설법 문장의 시제는 과거가
가 정 법
12
Ch되어야한다.따라서②,④,⑤는적합하지않다.
또한가정된내용과반대되는사실을나타내야하 므로①도답이될수없다.
8 ⓐ will come→ comes
ⓑ helps→ will help
ⓒ is → were
9 ⑤ buy the pants→ bought the pants
10 제안을 나타내는 suggest 뒤에 이어지는 that절의
동사는「(should)+동사원형」을쓴다.
11 현재사실에반대되는일을가정할때쓰는가정법
과거에서 if절의 주어가 I일 때 동사는 were를 쓴 다.
12 요구를 나타내는 demand 뒤에 이어지는 that절의
동사는「(should)+동사원형」을쓴다.
13 가정법과거에쓰인 without은 but for, if it were not for와바꿔쓸수있다. If it were not for에서 if를 생략하면 be동사가 주어 앞으로 옮겨져 were it not for가된다.
14 「as if+가정법과거」의주절의동사가현재형이면
현재의사실과반대되는일을나타낸다.
15 과거의사실과반대되는일을소망할때는「I wish+가정 법과거완료」로바꾸어쓸수있다.
16 「as if+가정법 과거완료」의 주절의 동사가 현재형 이면과거의사실과반대되는일을나타낸다.
17 과거사실에반대되는일을가정하고,과거사실이현재 까지영향을미치는경우에쓰는혼합가정법이다.
18 현재사실에반대되는일을가정할때쓰는가정법
과거이므로 if절의동사는과거형이되어야한다.
19 과거의 사실과 반대되는 일을 소망할 때는 「I wish+가정법과거완료」로바꾸어쓸수있다.
20 if‘~한다면’, as if‘마치~인것처럼’
21 if it had not been for~‘~이없었다면’
22 가정법과거완료는과거사실에반대되는일을가정할
때쓴다.따라서직설법문장은과거시제로써야한다.
23 ③ looked→ look
24 과거사실에반대되는일을가정할때쓰는가정법
과거완료이다.
25 영화관에가지못한것은과거의일이므로(A)에는
과거의사실과반대되는일을가정하는가정법과 거완료를 써야 한다. (B)에는 명령을 나타내는 동 사 order 뒤에 이어지는 that절이므로 「should+동 사원형」을 써야 한다. 이때 should는 생략하고 동 사원형만쓸수있다.(C)에는과거의사실과반대 되는일을소망해야하므로「I wish+가정법과거완 료」를사용해야한다.
26 권고를 나타내는 recommend 뒤에 이어지는 that 절의동사는「(should)+동사원형」을쓴다.
PRACTICE 1
1 smaller – smallest 2 weaker – weakest 3 nicer – nicest 4 deeper – deepest 5 cheaper – cheapest 6 darker – darkest 7 faster – fastest 8 wider – widest 9 cuter – cutest 10 safer – safest 11 lower – lowest 12 huger – hugest 13 larger – largest 14 shorter – shortest 15 greater – greatest 16 higher – highest 17 colder – coldest 18 closer – closest
19 sweeter – sweetest 20 warmer – warmest 21 kinder – kindest 22 ruder – rudest 23 taller – tallest 24 louder – loudest 25 stranger – strangest 26 cooler – coolest 27 softer – softest 28 longer – longest 29 thicker – thickest 30 smarter – smartest
PRACTICE 2
1 heavier – heaviest 2 funnier – funniest 3 bigger – biggest 4 curlier – curliest
CHAPTER 13 비교구문
C o m p a r a t i v e s본문 _ p.278
5 happier – happiest 6 hotter – hottest 7 hungrier – hungriest 8 stricter – strictest 9 healthier – healthiest 10 flatter – flattest 11 easier – easiest 12 newer – newest 13 thinner – thinnest 14 tastier – tastiest 15 fresher – freshest 16 prettier – prettiest 17 fatter – fattest 18 drier – driest 19 harder – hardest 20 luckier – luckiest 21 braver – bravest 22 poorer – poorest 23 noisier – noisiest 24 earlier – earliest 25 lazier – laziest 26 uglier – ugliest 27 sunnier – sunniest 28 dirtier – dirtiest 29 crazier – craziest 30 lighter – lightest
PRACTICE 3
1 meaner – meanest 2 more easily – most easily
3 brighter – brightest 4 slimmer – slimmest
5 more shocked – most shocked 6 more effective – most effective 7 friendlier – friendliest 8 more famous – most famous
9 more curious – most curious 10 more logical – most logical
11 more quickly – most quickly 12 more surprised – most surprised 13 more pleasing – most pleasing 14 quieter – quietest
15 more formal – most formal 16 duller – dullest
17 more nervous – most nervous 18 more slowly – most slowly
19 more difficult – most difficult 20 more creative – most creative 21 more fluently – most fluently 22 more comfortable – most comfortable 23 more complicated – most complicated 24 more similar – most similar
25 richer – richest
26 more diligent – most diligent
27 more boring – most boring 28 more exactly – most exactly
29 more tired – most tired 30 more artistic – most artistic
31 more practical – most practical 32 scarier – scariest
33 more upset – most upset 34 more enjoyable – most enjoyable 35 lovelier – loveliest 36 more wonderful – most wonderful 37 more delicious – most delicious 38 more depressed – most depressed 39 more intelligent – most intelligent 40 more powerful – most powerful 41 more familiar – most familiar 42 more convenient – most convenient 43 more useless – most useless 44 more skillful – most skillful
45 more generous – most generous 46 more impressive – most impressive 47 more foolish – most foolish 48 more insistent – most insistent
49 more dangerous – most dangerous 50 more nutritious – most nutritious 51 more serious – most serious 52 more peaceful – most peaceful 53 more colorful – most colorful 54 more ambitious – most ambitious 55 more negative – most negative 56 more amazing – most amazing 57 more natural – most natural 58 more valuable – most valuable 59 more awkward – most awkward 60 more urgent – most urgent
61 more often – most often 62 more sensitive – most sensitive 63 more common – most common 64 more challenging – most challenging 65 more abstract – most abstract 66 more active – most active
67 milder – mildest
68 more helpful – most helpful
69 more attractive – most attractive 70 more awesome – most awesome 71 more cheerful – most cheerful
72 severer – severest 73 busier – busiest 74 politer – politest
75 more beautiful – most beautiful 76 more important – most important 77 more harmful – most harmful 78 more useful – most useful
79 more patient – most patient 80 gladder – gladdest
81 tougher – toughest 82 more fantastic – most fantastic 83 angrier – angriest 84 more crowded – most crowded 85 more recent – most recent 86 more hopeless – most hopeless 87 more loudly – most loudly 88 more positive – most positive 89 more selfish – most selfish 90 more embarrassed – most embarrassed
PRACTICE 4
1 more 2 better
3 worse 4 latest[last]
5 least 6 best
7 elder[older] 8 last
9 worse 10 further
11 fewer 12 oldest
13 more 14 farthest
PRACTICE 5
2 five times as long as 3 as often as
4 half as long as 5 as tall as 6 as cold as
7 as many windows as 8 three times as heavy as 9 ten times as much as 10 four times as expensive as
PRACTICE 6
2 isn’t as[so] comfortable as 3 can’t read as[so] fast as
4 doesn’t write English essays as[so] well as 5 isn’t as[so] long as
6 isn’t as[so] fat as 7 isn’t as[so] crowded as
8 don’t speak French as[so] fluently as
9 don’t know about their history as[so] much as 10 isn’t as[so] polluted as
11 isn’t as[so] complicated as 12 isn’t as[so] high as