자료: 저자 작성.
<그림 4-1> 민원분석을 반영한 공공정책 수립 절차
공공정책 수립 절차를 보면, 민원의 정책적 활용방안을 보다 구체적으로 파악해 볼 수 있다. <그림 4-1>와 같이 공공정책은 정책의제설정 → 정책결정 → 정책집행 → 정책평가의 과정으로 수립된다. 여기에서 기존의 정책은 정책 공급자의 중심의 관점, 즉 하향식으로 수립되는 경우가 대부분이다. 또한 그 과정에서 언론 또는 국민적인 공감대가 형성된 주요 환경이슈들, 즉 미세먼지 저감을 위한 신재생 에너지 공급, 전기차 보급 등 이해관계가 얽혀 있는 이슈들이 주로 반영되고, 단기적인 대책으로는 해결하기 어려운 많은 이슈들이 주로 포함된다. 반면에 실제 민원이나 소셜미디어 등에서 나타나는 작은 이슈들은 환경정책의 공급이나 수정을 통해 어렵지 않게 개선할 수 있는 부분이 많다. 예를 들어 현재 가축분뇨 처리, 공사소음, 악취 문제 등은 보다 가이드라인을 명확히 하고 단속 및 규제 등을 강화하면
토픽 모델링 방법론을 적용해 토픽 클러스터를 도출하고, 키워드 빈도수 및 네트워크 분석을
제설정 → 정책결정 → 정책집행 → 정책평가의 과정 중 민원 분석결과를 반영함으로써 정책 의제 설정 및 정책평가에 국민의 요구를 좀 더 민감하게 반영할 수 있는 하나의 경로로 서의 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
자료: 저자 작성.
<그림 4-2> 정책 공급자 및 수요자 입장에서의 환경 텍스트
환경 텍스트에는 <그림 4-2>와 같이 ‘국회의사록’, ‘환경부 법령’, ‘환경부 보도자료’ 등과 같이 정책의 공급자의 입장에서 쓰인 문서와 ‘뉴스’, ‘소셜 미디어’, ‘환경민원’과 같은 수요자 중심의 문서 등의 문서가 있다. 다양한 환경 텍스트를 활용하여 달성할 수 있는 주요한 목표 중 하나는 환경정책 공급자와 수요자 사이의 인식 차이를 분석하여 이를 정책에 반영하는 것이다. 따라서 향후 본 연구를 바탕으로 다양한 정책 공급자 및 수요자 환경 텍스트 데이터를 추가로 활용하고 분석한다면, 다양한 형태의 국민 수요를 좀 더 효과적으로 반영할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
｜ 참고문헌｜
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부 록
Ⅰ. 주요 키워드의 연관 키워드 분석 결과
Ⅱ. 키워드 네트워크 분석 : 지방재정 365 세부사업별 세출 현황
키워드 연관 키워드
키워드 연관 키워드
<부록 그림-1> ‘미세먼지’ 키워드 네트워크: 지방재정 365 세부사업별 세출 현황
<부록 그림-2> ‘가축분뇨’ 키워드 네트워크: 지방재정 365 세부사업별 세출 현황
<부록 그림-3> ‘소음’ 키워드 네트워크: 지방재정 365 세부사업별 세출 현황
<부록 그림-4> ‘악취’ 키워드 네트워크: 지방재정 365 세부사업별 세출 현황
<부록 그림-5> ‘쓰레기’ 키워드 네트워크: 지방재정 365 세부사업별 세출 현황
<부록 그림-6> ‘전기차’ 키워드 네트워크: 지방재정 365 세부사업별 세출 현황
Abstract
A Study on Improving Reflection of Demands for Settling Environmental Issues in Daily Lives: Focusing on the Analysis
of Civil Complaint Big Data
Daeyong Jin et al.
This study seeks to improve reflection of demands for settling daily-life environmental issues through the civil complaint big data analysis. As citizens become more aware of environmental issues, various environmental issues such as fine dust, waste, noise, and odors are becoming important.
However, there is a gap between the environmental issues that real citizens demand to be solved and environmental policies. Therefore, in this study, we regarded all the environmental problems that addressed in ‘civil complaints’
that are closely related to the everyday lives of these citizens as daily-life environmental issues environmental issues and suggested ways to reflect the demands for solving them.
First, we analyzed the general environmental issues that can appear in complaints from the Ministry of Environment. Seven topics including ‘Living Environment’, ‘Construction and Livestock Waste’, ‘Environmental Impact Assessment’, ‘Toxic Chemicals’, ‘Air Pollutants and Discharge Facilities’ and
‘Wastewater’ were derived through LDA topic modeling. The trends indicated
that the complaints about ‘Living Environment’ including noise, trash, and
fine dust had relatively increased. In the ‘Living Environment’ issue, most of
the complaints demanded that various noise problems such as construction
noise, interlayer noise, traffic noise, and factory noise be solved until 2015, but after 2016, the fine dust problem showed the highest frequency. For
‘construction and animal wastes’ and ‘medical and business wastes’, a lot of content was related to treatment, separation, and recycling. Especially, among construction wastes, it seems necessary to improve awareness of ‘recycled aggregate’ which shows high value. In ‘Environmental Impact Assessment’, the demand for ‘Small Environmental Impact Assessment’ increased rapidly in 2018, and in a ‘wastewater’ cluster, the frequency of a keyword ‘groundwater’
keyword increased for a variety of reasons, including livestock wastewater.
In the case of ‘hazardous chemical substances’ issue, there was a lot of contents such as safety inspection, installation inspection, business license, handling facility Also ‘air pollutants and emissions facilities’ issue, there were a lot of contents such as atmospheric emission facilities, emission allowance standards, prevention facilities, self-measurement, odor emission permission and so on.
Next, in Sejong city, there were many complaints about noise and dust caused by the construction of various residential and commercial facilities due to the nature of the new city. Therefore, it is necessary to trace the cause of the noise, respond in a timely manner, and provide support for reducing roadside noise damage. It is also necessary to cope with odor problems.
Coping with odor problems seems also necessary such as fertilizer odor,
garbage odor, housing odor, etc. In addition, it seems necessary to take more
constructive measures to cope with the problem of garbage that often occurs
in mine, apartment, shopping mall, and especially at bus stops. Although they
have improved a lot in recent years, they still have a fairly high frequency
and needs further improvement. Apart from this, demand for installing
electric vehicle charging stations is rapidly increasing, so more constructive
measures are needed to solve the problems related to subsidy payments.
to be solved in various ways. The civil complaint reflects the aspect of the environmental problem which is most relevant to the actual lives of the citizens among the environmental text documents. Currently, most citizens focus on fine dust issues among many environmental problems. However, in actual civil complaints, demands for solving problems such as construction noise, trash, and odor showed a high percentage. In addition, fine dust is not a problem that can be solved in a short time and domestic problem solving and international cooperation are needed. However, damage from noise, garbage, odors, etc. is expected to be possibly reduced through regulations, compensation for damages, and strengthened crackdowns. Also, there are a variety of environmental issues that can minimize the inconvenience of citizens with simple measures. Therefore a thorough review of these problems is needed.
Keywords : Big Data, Text Mining, Civil Complaints, Environmental
Issues, Daily Lives
진대용 (연구책임)