산업별인적자원개발협의체와 국가직무능력표준은 수요자 중심의 자격제도 와 교육훈련제도의 운영체제를 구축하는 데 있어서 핵심적인 역할을 한다.특 히,산업별인적자원개발협의체를 통해 개발된 국가직무능력표준은 일차적으로 인적자원의 양성을 위한 학교 교육과정,훈련기관의 훈련기준,자격의 출제기 준 등으로 활용될 수 있으며,직업․진로지도 자료와 기업 내 인사기준 자료로 도 활용될 수 있다.
이에 본 연구에서는 기존 자격제도 및 교육훈련제도의 문제점을 개선하기위 해,수요자 중심의 인적자원개발시스템 구축을 위해 시행되고 있는 산업별인적 자원개발협의체 사업을 통한 국직무능력표준의 효율적인 개발․운영 방안을 다음과 같이 제시하였다.
첫째,국가직무능력표준에 산업계의 수요를 최대한 반영하기 위해서 국가직 무능력표준의 개발 주체는 산업분야별 대표성과 전문성이 인정되는 산업별인 적자원개발협의체로 한다.이를 위해서는 우선 산업별인적자원개발협의체가 국가직무능력표준의 개발 능력을 갖추어야 하므로,시행 초기에 산업별인적자 원개발협의체에 대한 정부 및 전문기관의 기술적․재정적 지원이 필요하다.전 문기관에서는 직무능력표준개발 매뉴얼 제공,전문가 확보를 위한 직원연수 등 을 실시한다.정부에서는 산업별인적자원개발협의체의 질 관리를 위해 일정 기 준 및 절차에 의한 평가를 통해 산업별인적자원개발 협의체를 승인하고,이들
86 산업부문별 인적자원개발과 국가직무능력표준
의 사업평가를 통한 행․재정지원 등의 방안을 마련해야 할 것이다.
둘째,국가직무능력표준의 중복적인 개발을 방지하고,관리․운영의 효율성 을 높이기 위해 총괄지원기관을 두어 국가직무능력표준의 개발․관리․운영을 주관할 수 있도록 한다.현재 교육인적자원부,노동부 이외에 산업자원부,정보 통신부,건설교통부 등에서도 해당 부처 관련 산업에 관한 국가직무능력표준의 개발을 준비 또는 희망하고 있어 관계 부처간에 개발 영역의 구분 또는 조정 등이 필요하다.
셋째,산업별인적자원개발협의체에서 개발한 국가직무능력표준이 국가적인 기준으로 활용될 수 있도록,국가직무능력표준의 인정 기준 및 절차가 마련되 어야 한다.또한 산업별 직종별로 개발되는 국가직무능력표준이 전체적으로 일 관된 작업으로 수행되기 위해서는 통일된 체제의 국가직무능력표준의 개발 절 차 및 양식의 개발이 요구된다.
넷째,교육훈련기관과 자격검정기관 등이 국가직무능력표준을 교육훈련과정 과 자격 출제기준에 활용할 수 있도록 한다.이를 위해 해당 기관에 교육훈련 과정 제공,직원 연수,재정지원 등과 같은 필요한 기술적․재정적 지원을 한 다.국가직무능력표준에 근거한 교육훈련과정 이수자에게는 법률적․제도적 개선을 통해 국가자격 취득자와 동등한 대우를 받을 수 있도록 한다.
다섯째,산업별인적자원개발협의체를 통한 국가직무능력표준의 개발 및 운 영을 제도로서 도입․운영하기 위해서는 자격기본법과 산업발전법 등의 관련 법률의 개정을 통해 법적 근거를 마련한다.
SUMMARY
S
S Se e ec c ct t to o or r ra a al l lH H Hu u um m ma a an n nR R Re e es s so o ou u ur r rc c ce e eD D De e ev v ve e el l lo o op p pm m me e en n nt t t a a an n nd d dK K Ko o or r re e ea a aS S Sk k ki i il l ll l lS S St t ta a an n nd d da a ar r rd d d
Deog-KiKim
1. Overview
Theexisting human resourcedevelopmentsystem led by theKorean governmenthasfailed to actively respond to demandsofthe rapidly changing labor market due to its rigidity and thus it has become inefficient.To address this problem and to catch up with changing demandsofindustrialfields,thegovernmenthasencouragedparticipation ofandstrongerroleplayedbytheprivatesectorthrough implementing projectsoftheSectorCouncil,aconsultativebody forhuman resource developmentbytheindustry,andKoreaSkillStandard.
Thisstudyaimstodraw developmentandoperationmeasuresofKorea SkillStandardbytheSectorCouncilinordertoactivelyreflectdemandsof the industry,the customer of workforce services,into the national qualification system and the education and training system, thus addressingproblemsregardingthetwosystems.
2. Development Procedure and Facilitation Measures of Korea Skill Standard
KoreaSkillStandardsweredevelopeddrivenbytheneedstocreatea
88 산업부문별 인적자원개발과 국가직무능력표준
linkageamongeducation,training,andqualificationswithintheframework ofnationalhuman resourcedevelopmentby establishing astandardized basisforknowledgeand skillsrequired in theindustrialfield and then applying ittoeducation curriculum,training standard and qualification standard.
LookingatthedevelopmentprocedureandutilizationmethodofKorea SkillStandard,firstclassifyjobsthrougharesearchonoccupationsandthe industrytoselectdevelopmentareasandbasedonthis,createtheSkill Framework.ThentheKoreaSkillStandardisdevelopedwithintheSkill Framework by job areas,which is utilized forestablishmentofnew qualifications and improvement ofqualification standards.In addition, developeducationantrainingprogramsbasedontheKoreaSkillStandard and distributethem toeducation and training organizationsin orderto nurturehumanresourceslivinguptothedemandsoftheindustry.
Forthis,itisnecessarytoclassifydevelopareasofKoreaSkillStandard and standardize the developmentmethods because,ifnot,overlapped development and confusion might occur.In particular,as education, trainingandqualificationsystemshavebeenseparatelyoperatedforpast dozensofyearsinKorea,classificationofdevelopmentareasincorporating the linkage among education,training and qualification is absolutely required.
3. Development and Operation Measures of Korea Skill Standard
Asmentioned above,thegovernmenthascarried outprojectsofthe SectorCounciland the Korea SkillStandard,asa partofeffortsto establish a customer-oriented human resource developmentsystem,in ordertoincorporateneedsoftheindustryintothequalificationsystem and
educationandtrainingsystem.Thekeytosuccessoftheseprojectsishow efficientlytheyaccommodateneedsoftheindustrywhichisthecustomer inthelabormarket.
In thiscontext,thisstudy presentsthe developmentand operation measuresofKoreaSkillStandardbytheSectorCouncil.
￭ TheGeneralManagementOrganizationoftheSectorCouncil
TheSectorCouncilprojectiscurrentlybeingcarriedoutseparatelyby eachgovernmentorganization.Therefore,measuresshouldbepreparedto preventoverlapping ofthe projectand to properly mange the project quality.
Tothisgoal,asystem shouldbeestablishedtorecognize,evaluateand managetheSectorCouncil,thuspreventingoverlappeddesignationofand support for the Sector Council and enhancing its managerial and operationaleffectiveness.Consideringthis,itisdesirabletohaveageneral managementorganization to evaluate and validate the SectorCouncil, through which theoverallsupportforand quality managementofthe Councilisdone,ratherthan tohaveseparateorganizationspursuethe project.
￭ TheSectorCouncil
TheSectorCouncilleadsdevelopmentofKoreaSkillStandard being supported by thegeneralsupportorganization and italsodevelopsand distributeseducationandtrainingprograms.Inaddition,itexecutessuch businessesasvalidationofeducationandtrainingprogramsofeducation andtrainingorganizationsthatmakeuseoftheprogramsdevelopedbythe
90 산업부문별 인적자원개발과 국가직무능력표준
Council.Forthispurpose,theSectorCouncilshouldreceiveapprovaland supervisionofthegeneralmanagementorganizationoftheSectorCouncil.
￭ TheGeneralSupportOrganization
Thisorganization supportsdevelopmentand operation ofKorea Skill Standard in general.Particularly,itevaluateswhethertheKorea Skill Standard prepared by the Sector Councilhas wellincorporated the industrialneedsand reportstheevaluation resultstotheQualifications Policy Deliberation Councilforapproval.Forthisprocess,the General Support Organization has in place the development manualand the evaluationstandardandmethodofKoreaSkillStandard.
￭ TheGovernment
Thegovernmentprovidesadministrativeandfinancialsupportrequired fordevelopmentand operation ofKorea SkillStandard.Also,ittakes initiativeindevelopingtheSectorCouncilfortheindustrialfieldwithout one,ifitisnecessary.
4. Conclusion
This study presents as below effective development and operation measuresofKoreaSkillStandard through theSectorCouncilwhich is being operated to establish a customer-oriented human resource developmentsystem,addressing the problems ofthe currentnational qualificationsystem andtheeducationandtrainingsystem.
First,havetheSectorCouncilthatrepresentstheindustry takethe leadershipindevelopmentofKoreaSkillStandardinordertoincorporate demandsoftheindustrywhichisthecustomerofworkforce.Also,setup a general management organization of the Council for effective managementandsupport.
Second,havetheGeneralSupportOrganizationtosupervisedevelopment and operation ofKorea SkillStandard in orderto preventredundant developmentandtoraisemanagerialandoperationaleffectiveness.
Third,thegovernmentand theGeneralSupportOrganization provide technologicalsupporttotheSectorCouncilsothatitisequipped with requiredcapabilityforKoreaSkillStandarddevelopment.
Fourth,alegalframeworkshouldbeputinplacethroughlegislationand revision of relevant laws and regulations in order to institutionalize developmentandoperationofKoreaSkillStandardbytheSectorCouncil.
< 부 록 >
< 부록 1> 영국의 석유화학분야 NOS 및 NVQs 현황
< 부록 2> 호주의 석휴화학분야 TrainingPackage 및 자격 현황
<
부록
1>영국의 석유화학분야
NOS및
NVQs현황
1. NOS 현황NationalOccupationalStandards TypicalOccupations/RolesCovered SafetyServicesOilandGasExtraction(Level2,3) SafetyAdvisoronoffshoreinstallation OffshoreCraneOperations CraneOperatoronoffshoreinstallation OffshoreDeckOperations
ProcessingOperations: Hydrocarbons TraineeProcessOperatorinvolvedwithOiland GasProduction
ProcessingOperations: Hydrocarbons ProcessOperatorinvolvedwithOiland GasProduction
ProcessingOperations: Hydrocarbons
ProcessingOperations:Hydrocarbons(ControlRoom) ControlRoom OperatorinvolvedwithOiland GasProduction
WellServices:ElectricLogging
WellServicesTechnician WellServices:MechanicalWireline
WellServices:TubingOperations
OffshoreDrillingOperations Roughneck,Roustabout
OffshoreDrillingOperations Derrickman
OffshoreDrillingOperations AssistantDriller,Driller
MeasurementProcesses MeteringTechniciancoveringmeterproving
andmaintenance
BulkLiquidWarehousing Operatoronhydrocarbonliquidstoragesite
ForecourtOperations ForecourtSalesAssistant
RefineryFieldOperations ProcessOperator/Technicianinarefinery RefineryControlRoom Operations ControlRoom Operatorinarefinery
OilFiredTechnicalServices InstallationTechnician
OilFiredTechnicalServices DesignandInstallationTechnician
NuclearDecommissioning Operator/Technician
PolymerProcessingandRelatedOperations GeneralOperative PolymerProcessingandRelatedOperations LeadingOperative PolymerProcessingandRelatedOperations ProcessTechnician/Setter
Signmaking Craftsperson
Signmaking Technician
ProcessEngineeringMaintenance(Electrical) ElectricalCraftsperson ProcessEngineeringMaintenance(Electrical) ElectricalTechnician ProcessEngineeringMaintenance(Mechanical) MechanicalCraftsperson ProcessEngineeringMaintenance(Mechanical) MechanicalTechnician
ProcessEngineeringMaintenance(InstrumentationandControl)InstrumentandControlCraftsperson ProcessEngineeringMaintenance(InstrumentationandControl)InstrumentandControlTechnician Chemical,PharmaceuticalandPetro-ChemicalOperations ProcessOperator
Chemical,PharmaceuticalandPetro-ChemicalOperations ProcessSupportServices
<표 계속>
96 산업부문별 인적자원개발과 국가직무능력표준
2. NVQs 현황
N/SVQ AwardingBody
ProcessEngineeringMaintenanceLevel2,3 PAA/VQSET and City and Guilds
Chemical,PharmaceuticalandPetroChemicalManufacture Level1-4
SafetyServicesOilandGasExtractionLevel2,3
SQA OffshoreCraneOperationsLevel2
OffshoreDeckOperationsLevel2
ProcessingOperations:HydrocarbonsLevel1-3
SQAandCityandGuilds ProcessingOperations:Hydrocarbons(ControlRoom)Level
WellServices:ElectricLoggingLevel2,33
SQA WellServices:MechanicalWirelineLevel2
WellServices:TubingOperationsLevel2 OffshoreDrillingOperationsLevel1-3 MeteringMaintenanceLevel3 MeasurementProcessesLevel3 BulkLiquidWarehousingLevel2
SQA andCityandGuilds RefineryFieldOperationsLevel3
RefineryControlRoom OperationsLevel3 NuclearTechnologyDecommissioningLevel2
CityandGuilds OilFiredTechnicalServicesLevel2,3
PolymerProcessingandRelatedOperationsLevel1,2,3 SASL
SignmakingLevel2,3 SASL/BSGA
자료:www.cogent-ssc.com.
NationalOccupationalStandards TypicalOccupations/RolesCovered Chemical,PharmaceuticalandPetro-ChemicalOperations ProcessOperator
Chemical,PharmaceuticalandPetro-ChemicalOperations ControlRoom Operator Chemical,PharmaceuticalandPetro-ChemicalOperations TechnicalSupport Chemical,PharmaceuticalandPetro-ChemicalOperations ControllingProcessOperations Chemical,PharmaceuticalandPetro-ChemicalOperations TechnicalSupport
LiquidTransfer Underreview
<
부록
2>호주의 석휴화학분야
TrainingPackage및 자격 현황
SSC TrainingPackage Certificate
Manufacturing Industry Skills Counc
Chemical,Hydrocarbons andOilRefining
CertificateIinProcessPlantSkills CertificateI,Ⅱ,Ⅲ inProcessSupport CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessPlantOperations CertificateⅥ inProcessPlantTechnology DiplomaofProcessPlantTechnology
AdvancedDiplomaofProcessPlantTechnology LaboratoryOperations
CertificateⅡ inSamplingandMeasurement CertificateⅢ inLaboratorySkills
CertificateIV inLaboratoryTechniques DiplomaofLaboratoryTechnology AdvancedDiplomaofLaboratoryOperations
Plastics,Rubberand Cablemaking
CertificateIinPlastics,RubberandCablemaking CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inPlastics
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inRubber CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inCablemaking CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing CertificateⅥ inPolymerTechnology DiplomaofPolymerTechnology
AdvancedDiplomaofPolymerTechnology CertificateIinProcessManufacturing CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (ProductionSupport)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Rubber-InjectionMoulding)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Plastics-InjectionMoulding)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Plastics-Blow Moulding)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Plastics-Extrusion)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Rubber-Extrusion)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Plastics-BlownFilm)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Rubber-TyreRetreading)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (CompoundingandReclamation) CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Plastics-CompositeMaterials)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Rubber-TyreBuilding)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Plastics-Fabrication)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Plastics-Thermoforming)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (Cablemaking)
CertificateⅡ,Ⅲ inProcessManufacturing (SpecialisedProcesses)
CertificateⅥ inProcessManufacturing 자료:http://www.ntis.gov.au.
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한국직업능력개발원.
(2004).『국내 S/W 인력의 Skill표준작성 연구』.한 국직업능력개발원.
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(2002).『국가직무능력표준 개발 방안 연구』.한국직 업능력개발원.
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http://www.cogent-ssc.com.
http://www.kedi.re.kr.
http://www.kpia.or.kr/industry/view.htm.
http://www.ntis.gov.au.