본 연구는 제 5 차 한국 근로환경조사를 활용하여 국내 임금 근로자들의 분할 교대 근무와 업무상 손상 및 질병 결근과의 연관성을 알아본 연구이다.
연구를 통하여 개인적, 직업적 특성을 보정한 후에도 분할 교대 근무가 업무상 손상 및 질병 결근의 위험도를 증가시킨다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 분할 교대를 하는 근로자들의 길지만 온전하지 못한 무급 휴식시간, 이로 인한 근무 시간 증대 효과, 집약적인 노동 등이 반영된 결과로 생각된다.
향후 분할 교대 근무와 손상 및 질병과 관련된 지표들을 이용한 종적 연구를 통해 명확한 인과관계를 확인할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 분할 교대 근무와 손상 및 질병과의 관계를 매개하거나 조절하는 변수의 가능성을 파악하는 것, 손상 및 질병 외에 다른 지표들을 통한 건강영향을 확인하는 것 역시 앞으로의 과제가 될 것이다.
분할 교대 근무가 손상 및 질병 결근의 위험도를 증가시켜 개인의 건강과 삶의 질, 사회적 비용 모두에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 생각되지만, 아직까지 우리나라 분할 교대 근로자들에 대한 관심은 부족한 상황이다.
우리나라 분할 교대 근무자들에 대한 현황 파악과 관심이 필요하며 이를 바탕으로 분할 교대 근무로 인한 건강 문제로부터 근로자들을 보호하기 위한 대책에 대해 고민해봐야 할 것이다.
참고문헌
Anund A, Fors C, Ihlström J, Kecklund G. An on-road study of sleepiness in split shifts among city bus drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 2018 May;114:71-76.
Anund A, Ihlström J, Fors C, Kecklund G, Filtness A. Factors associated with self-reported driver sleepiness and incidents in city bus drivers. Ind Health. 2016 Aug 5;54(4):337-46.
Anthony Z, What is a Split Shift? California Employment Law Report, 2012, Retrieved 2017.
Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Khanjani N, Etemadinezhad S, Samaei SE, Raadabadi M,
Mostafaee M. The associations of workload, individual and organisational factors on nurses' occupational injuries. J Clin Nurs. 2019 Mar;28(5-6):902-911.
Bohle P, Quinlan M, Kennedy D, Williamson A. Working hours, work-life conflict and health in precarious and "permanent" employment. Rev Saude Publica. 2004 Dec;38 Suppl:19-25.
Dembe AE, Erickson JB, Delbos RG, Banks SM. Nonstandard shift schedules and the risk of job-related injuries. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006 Jun;32(3):232-40.
Descatha A, Sembajwe G, Baer M, Boccuni F, Di Tecco C, Duret C, Evanoff BA, Gagliardi D, Ivanov ID, Leppink N, Marinaccio A, Magnusson Hanson LL, Ozguler A, Pega F, Pell J, Pico F, Prüss-Ü stün A, Ronchetti M, Roquelaure Y, Sabbath E, Stevens GA, Tsutsumi A, Ujita Y, Iavicoli S. WHO/ILO work-related burden of disease and injury: Protocol for systematic reviews of exposure to long working hours and of the effect of exposure to long working hours on stroke. Environ Int. 2018 Oct;119:366-378.
Economic Policy Institute, Irregular work scheduling and its consequences, EPI briefing paper #394, 2015 Apr.
- 26 -
Eurofound and International Labour Organization, Working conditions in a global perspective, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, and International Labour Organization, Geneva, 2019.
Folkard S, Lombardi DA. Modeling the impact of the components of long work hours on injuries and "accidents". Am J Ind Med. 2006 Nov;49(11):953-63.
International Labour Office, Working Time, Health, and Safety: a Research Synthesis Paper, Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2012.
International Labour Organization and United Nations Development Programme 2009, Work and Family: Towards new forms of reconciliation with social co-responsibility, Geneva:
International Labour Organization, 2009.
Isik UZ, Crook M, “Women Workers and Working Conditions in Retailing: A Comparative Study of the Situation in a Foreign-Controlled Retail Enterprise and a Nationally Owned Retailer in Canada.” International Labour Organization Working Paper, No. 79. Geneva:
ILO; 1997
Isik UZ, Lillevik W, Seaton B, Moruz J, Part-Time and Casual Work in Retail Trade Stress and other Factors Affecting the Workplace, RI/IR, 2004, 59(3), 516-544
Lee JG, Kim GH, Jung SW, Kim SW, Lee JH, Lee KJ. The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study). Ann Occup Environ Med. 2018 Dec 3;30:67.
Salminen S, Long working hours and shift work as risk factors for occupational injury.
Ergon Open J. 2016 9(1):15-26
Sussman D, Coplen M, Fatigue and alertness in the United States railroad industry part 1: the nature of the problem, Transportation Research Part F3, 2000, 211-220.
Török E, Clark AJ, Ersbøll AK, Bjorner JB, Holtermann A, Rugulies R, LaMontagne AD, Milner A, Rod NH. Physical workload, long-term sickness absence, and the role of social capital. Multi-level analysis of a large occupation cohort. Scand J Work Environ Health.
2020 Jul 1;46(4):373-381.
Vegso S, Cantley L, Slade M, Taiwo O, Sircar K, Rabinowitz P, Fiellin M, Russi MB, Cullen MR. Extended work hours and risk of acute occupational injury: A case-crossover study of workers in manufacturing. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Aug;50(8):597-603.
Virtanen M, Jokela M, Madsen IE, Magnusson Hanson LL, Lallukka T, Nyberg ST, Alfredsson L, Batty GD, Bjorner JB, Borritz M, Burr H, Dragano N, Erbel R, Ferrie JE, Heikkilä K, Knutsson A, Koskenvuo M, Lahelma E, Nielsen ML, Oksanen T, Pejtersen JH, Pentti J, Rahkonen O, Rugulies R, Salo P, Schupp J, Shipley MJ, Siegrist J, Singh-Manoux A, Suominen SB, Theorell T, Vahtera J, Wagner GG, Wang JL, Yiengprugsawan V, Westerlund H, Kivimäki M. Long working hours and depressive symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2018 May 1;44(3):239-250.
Virtanen M, Kivimäki M. Long Working Hours and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2018 Oct 1;20(11):123.
Wong IS, McLeod CB, Demers PA. Shift work trends and risk of work injury among Canadian workers. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2011 Jan;37(1):54-61.
Yamauchi T, Sasaki T, Takahashi K, Umezaki S, Takahashi M, Yoshikawa T, Suka M, Yanagisawa H. Long working hours, sleep-related problems, and near-misses/injuries in industrial settings using a nationally representative sample of workers in Japan. PLoS One.
2019 Jul 15;14(7):e0219657
- 28 - [ABSTRACT]
The association between split shift work and work related sickness and injury absence:
Using the 5
thKorean Working Condition Survey (2017)
Split shift work refers to a type of work pattern that includes four or more hours of unpaid breaks. Due to the intensive working and the prolonged stay time in workplace, it has been mentioned as a negative type of work pattern in many reports during the years because of the potential fatigue and reduced well-being of the employee involved. However,
domestically, the concept of split shift work itself is very unfamiliar, and there are no studies involving such concept. Further, the results of foreign studies conducted on the relationship between split shift work and injury revealed inconsistent results. Therefore, this study focused on examining the characteristics of split shift workers in Korea and analyzing the association between split shift work and sickness and injury through a review of absenteeism.
In this study, the 5th Korean Working Condition Survey conducted in 2017 was aimed at controlling the personal and occupational characteristics of workers to find out the association between split shift and work related sickness and injury absence in domestic wage workers.
In terms of job involved, store salesmen (168 people, 17.1%), security guards (70 people, 7.1%), chefs and cooks of Korean and other cuisines (67 people, 6.9%) comprised the highest percentage out of the total of 980 split shift workers involved in the study. Store cashiers and fare collectors (42 persons, 4.3%) and bus drivers (40 persons, 4.1%) also