울산지역 사업장폐기물 소각시설은 국가산업단지 내에 위치해 있고, 선행연구에서는 배출 오염원으로서 산업단지 혹은 일반 폐기물 소각시설에 대한 특정 오염물질에 대한 연구가 진 행한 사례가 있었다.
본 연구에서는 소각시설에서 배출 가능성이 있는 모든 대기오염물질에 대해서 건강영향평 가에 필요한 기초자료를 바탕으로 인체 위해도 평가를 수행가능한 대기오염물질에 평가를 진행하였다.
울산지역 사업장폐기물 소각시설에서 배출되는 대기오염물질을 확인하고, 대기질 예측 모 델을 이용하여 일반대기오염물질 11종과 특정대기오염물질 18종의 연평균 농도와 환경영향 범위를 정량화 시켜 확인하였다.
대기질 예측 모델은 지형을 고려할 수 있고, 특정 기간과 현지 기상장을 반영하여 더욱 정 확한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 CALPUFF 모델을 이용하여 사업장폐기물 소각장에서 배출되는 대 기오염물질은 최대 반경 10km 범위까지 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였고, 사업장 위치 반경 4km이내에서 영향이 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 해당 환경영향 범위를 산정하면서 미량 으로 독성, 발암성 등 악영향을 미치는 특정대기오염물질의 총 배출농도는 0.466 수준이었고, 비발암성 및 발암성 위해도 평가 결과, 시안화수소, 염화수소, 1,3-부타디엔, 비소화합물, 니켈 화합물, 포름알데히드 등 주요 물질이 미치는 영향을 최소화하기 위해서 해당 물질에 대한 계 속적인 모니터링과 저감대책 마련이 필요하다.
또한 연구를 진행한 울산지역 소각시설의 경우, 산업단지 내에 위치해 있어 배출농도의 차
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이로 인해 소각시설의 배출농도가 무시될 수 있는 우려가 있다. 따라서 대기오염물질 배출량 이 대기환경보전법 상 기준을 초과하지 않는 것으로 결과가 도출되었으나 장기적인 관점에 서 인체에 위해 가능성이 있다는 사실만으로 사후 규제로 해결하려고 한다면 악영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 총량적인 관점에서 문제를 해결해야할 필요성이 제고된다.
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참고문헌
Lee, Chong Bum et al. 2016. “Evaluation of CALPUFF Dispersion Model Using Tracer Experiment Data 서 론.”
Journal of Environment
11(1): 7–16.Park, J.M. et al. 2007. “Characteristics of Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions from Waste Incinerators.”
Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
23(2): 183–90.Yoo, Ji Hyun. 2020. “A Study on Fine Dust Modeling for Air Quality Prediction.”
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24(4): 1136–40.구윤서. 2001. “최근 대기확산 모델링의 동향 및 응용 사례.Pdf.” 환경기술정보.
김정훈 ( Jeong Hun Kim ), 이상협 ( Sang Hyeob Lee ) , 서용칠 ( Yong Chil Seo ) , 송금주 ( Geum Ju Song ), ( Deepak Pudasainee ). “원저(原著) : 유해폐기물소각시설에서의 유해대기오염물질(HAPs) 배출 특성 및 제거효율연구.” 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 25(2): 180–86. https://kiss.kstudy.com/thesis/thesis-view.asp?key=2674877 (January 13, 2022).
이종범, 김신도, 백성옥, 김동술최금찬. 2016. 대기환경. ed. 한국대기환경학회. 동화기술.
WRF MODELING SYSTEM Flow Chart, WRF MODELING SYSTEM (ucar.edu) CMAQ Modeling System, CMAQ Models | US EPA
환경영향평가서 내 위생공중보건 항목 작성을 위한 건강영향 항목의 평가 매뉴얼, 환경부 환경보건정책관실, 2013.12
Jesse L. The, Cristiane L. The, Michael A. Johnson, CALPUFF View User Guide, Lakes Environmental, 2020
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Abstract
In Korea, industrial activities such as construction and manufacturing prospered greatly after the 1970s, and urbanization began in the 2000s. Due to urbanization, household income increased, and life became more affluent as the economy expanded. As a result, household consumption became more active, resulting in a large amount of household waste. The revival of the manufacturing and construction industries also generated a lot of industrial waste.
With the increase of waste in Korea, waste treatment methods such as landfill, incineration, and recycling are being used widely. In particular, the waste treatment method of dump adopts a method of incineration of a certain percentage due to the problem of landfill site selection to deal with the increased waste in Korea, where the land area is limited. While the rate of incineration to the amount of waste generated is constant at 6%
nationwide, Ulsan has performed an incineration rate that is twice as high.
As economic activities by the secondary industry were predominant, a joint international problem of global warming arose. As the interest in responding to climate change in relation to fine dust and greenhouse gases internationally increased, Korea is also focused on air environment impact analysis and management and research is being actively conducted on this.
In this study, it was determined that it was necessary to conduct a study on the effect of air pollutants emitted from industrial waste incineration facilities on the air environment
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in Ulsan as the actual waste treatment situation in Ulsan, which has been incinerated is at a higher rate than the nation.
First, the impact range and concentration of air pollutants emitted from industrial waste incineration facilities can be calculated and predicted using the air quality prediction model.
And based on the results obtained through modeling, risk assessment was performed using non-carcinogenic substance evaluation and carcinogenic substance evaluation focused on a health impact evaluation.
Data from the Ministry of Environment were referenced for the nationwide waste generation and treatment status in relation to industrial waste incineration facilities, and the air pollutant emissions and waste treatment status of Ulsan were used as data from the national statistical portal.
The result data of the automatic chimney measurement system (TMS) presented by the Korea Environment Corporation, the meteorological data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration, and the location, geography, and topography data using GOOGLE EARTH and WEBGIS were used to model the air quality prediction.
For the human risk assessment, data provided by the Ministry of Environment and the Korea Environment Corporation were used for air pollutant concentrations, and the exposure factors necessary for the evaluation of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic substances were referred to the Exposure Factor Handbook recently published by the National Academy of Environmental Sciences.