ႚ.G ⧞ᔺᳶኒ 㧞㗊
Ⱆ₲ⲛ⯖ᳶ ⧞ᔺᳶኒ 㧞㗊ᜮ ⚲ᡳ ☦ⰪⰒ Ⲛ㨇R, ㏲▶C, Ⱂ㗊L⯲ ◒ႚ⹚
ዊ→ ⬮☦Ḗ ᅊ㨃㧲⪆ ▾ᅞ㧶. Ⰾᲆ㧶 ☦ⰪḖ ⪆ᲆ ႚ⹚⯲ 㪯㕶ᳶ ⪎㧲⪆ 㝓ⲯ 㧶 ⭃ᡞ⯲ 㧞㗊Ḗ Ṧ ⚲ Ⱒ. Ⱆ₲ⲛ⯖ᳶ Ⰾᲆ㧶 㧞㗊⯲ Ჿ⯞ ⸷ႚ❶㔾ዊ ⮞ 㨎 ⪊╊ ⸷㢇ዊḖ ㈮ႚ㧲⪆ ╆⭃㧶. ⧞ᔺᳶኒ 㧞㗊ᜮ ⧞ᔺᳶኒ 㬦ᳶ ⧢⩪▶ Ṿ⭊
ⶫ⬮㧶 ⪇㧺⯞ 㧲ᜮ ᄝ⯚ 㧲⹚Ṧ, Ⰾᲆ㧶 㧞㗊ᜮ ❺㫒⯲ ⹚㗒㫮ႚ Ⱆ⩎ᔲዊ Ⲟ⩪ ❺㫒 ╛㕶⯲ ⴊⲢ គᅞ⩪▶ Ⱆ₲ⲛ⯖ᳶ ╆⭃ᢲ⩎ . ⪆ዊ⩪▶ ❺㫒╛㕶⯲
ⴊⲢⰎᰚ, ❺㫒⫚ ☦Ⱚ, 㬦ᳶ ₩ ❶✾㗶ᆖ⯲ ╛㫒Ⱛ⭃○⯞ ⭃Ⰾ㧲ዊ ⮞㧶 ὃⲛ⯖ᳶ
❺㫒Ḗ ⅚ᅗ❶㔾ᜮ ᄝ⯞ ⯲ₒ㧶. ⸣, ᆫរ⪇⯲ ⶖ㞦⚲ ℮⮞⩪▶ ⮺㭂㧲Ἂ, ᘬ⯚
ⰟᲿ Ⱎ㧖៲✾⫚ ᕈ⯚ ㈶Ჿ Ⱎ㧖៲✾Ḗ Ⴐᡞ᳷ ሆ○㧲ᜮ ᄝ⯞ Ṫ㧶.
Ⱚዊ㌎Ữᰖ⩪▶ᜮ ⭪㋲ ⧤ᜮ ⰻ⯦○∞⯲ ⲶᄊḖ ⮞㧲⪆ ⧞ᔺᳶኒ 㧞㗊Ḗ ᡞⰟ 㧲⪚. ⸣, ⰻ⯦ ○∞Ⰾ រㅎⲛ⯖ᳶ ᘬ⯚ ⶖ㞦⚲ រ⪇⯞ ႚᜮ Ⲫ⩪▶ ℞㗊⭦
✾(Butterworth) Ⲛ⪇㙏ᆖ 㧞㗊(Ⰾ㧲 ⧞ᔺᳶኒ LPF)Ḗ ᡞⰟ㧲⪆ ∢ቶ㋳ⲛⰒ 㞦㪯⯖
ᳶ ᔲ㕚ᔲᜮ ᅊ㨂⯲ ❺㫒Ḗ 㧞㗊ṛ 㧲⪚. ⸣, Ⲟ⚺㧶 ヂᡳ ⸷㢇 ❺㫒ㄲṆ 㭞 Fig.
2-16⩪ ᔲ㕚ᕒ ₮⫚ ႳⰎ LPFḖ 㙏㧲⪆ ⰻ⯦⯞ Ⴊ☦ ❶㕂 㭞 A/D⅚㫲 㧲⪚.
[36-37]
Fig. 2-16 3ヂ ℞㗊⭦⸢ Ⲛរ⪇ 㙏ᆖ㧞㗊
ᔲ.G ⹚㗒 㧞㗊
⹚㗒 㧞㗊ᜮ ᅊ㨂 㡣ႚ √∞⯲ ⲞㄲṆ ᆖⲯ⯖ᳶ, Ⱚዊ㌎Ữᰖ⯲ ሆ○ ⬮☦ ⶫ
ႚⰿ Ṣ⹚ṣ គᅞⰒ ☦㦞㝒⮂⩎⩪▶ ▾ ᢲ⩎⨖ 㧲⹚Ṧ ⶖ⬮ ዊⰎ ⧞ᔺᳶኒ 㧞 㗊⫚ ⮺╆㧶 ⰻ⯦ ⲶᄊⰎ⁚ᳶ → Ⲣ⩪▶ ▾㧶. → ⪊ሆ⩪▶ᜮ ㊻ⲯ㧲ᅺⰪ 㧲ᜮ
❺㫒ᳶ√㗊 ⰻ⯦⯞ Ⲷᄊ㧲ዊ ⮞㧲⪆ ⧞ᔺᳶኒ 㧞㗊⫚ Ⅻ㨣㧲⪆ ⹚㗒 㧞㗊Ḗ ╆
⭃㧶. ⹚㗒 㧞㗊ᜮ 㔆ᄦ FIR(Finite Impulse Response) ᆖ IIR(Infinite Impulse Response)ႚ Ⱒ.
FIR 㧞㗊ᜮ ►㪯 ⮞╛ ⯫ត⯞ Ⴐᜮ. ₲Ἆ⩪ IIR 㧞㗊ᜮ Ⱆ₲ⲛ⯖ᳶ ⋞►㪯
⮞╛ ⯫ត⯞ Ⴐ⹚Ṧ, ⴥ⯚ 㢇 ⯫ត⯞ Ⲷᆏ㧶. FIR 㧞㗊Ḗ ⰪⰒ㧺 ᧦, 㧞 㗊⯲ ⴟᷲ⩪ ᰖ ╲㦦ṛ ⶖ㞦⚲⫚ Ḓ ヂគ ⶖ㞦⚲ ⰟᲿ⯚ Ⱆⲯ㧲. ⸣, 㣶㫮 ᢶ ╲㦦ṛ ⶖ㞦⚲Ḗ ╆⭃㧲⪆ ⹚㗒 㧞㗊Ḗ ⰪⰒ㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ. FIR 㧞㗊ᜮ ckᜮ 㧞 㗊⯲ ᅞ⚲, xnᜮ ⰟᲿ ❺㫒, ynႚ ㈶Ჿ ❺㫒Ⱆ ᧦ ⯦ᆖ Ⴓ⯚ ⚲❷⯖ᳶ 㣶㪞 ᢶ.
1
0,1,..., 1 0
k
i i k k for i n
k
y x c
u
¦
(3)FIR 㧞㗊⯲ ⬮Ⲫ⯚ ckḖ 㧞㗊⯲ ᅞ⚲Ḗ ▾ⲯ㧲ᜮ ᄝⰎ. FIR㧞㗊 㨂⚲ᜮ ❾Ⲷ ᳶ 㧞㗊ṛ⯞ ⚲㨣㧲⹚ ⧤⯖Ἂ, 㧞㗊ṛ ⚲㨣⯞ ⮞㨎 Convolve㨂⚲Ḗ 㫒㈶㧶. ㄲ⯦
㧶™ 㧞㗊⯲ ᅞ⚲ႚ ⩕⩎⹚Ἆ, 㧞㗊⯲ ⱆ▾ᅞ ⩠Ⰾ ₲ⲛ⯖ᳶ ኒᄝ⯞ ╆⭃㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ. FIR 㧞㗊⯲ ▾ᅞ ℯ ⶫ រ㣶ⲛⰒ プ ▾ᅞ ዊℯ⯞ Ⰾ⭃㧲⪆ ✗ᄦ 㧞㗊Ḗ ▾ ᅞ㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ. ⯦⯚ Ⱆ₲ⲛ⯖ᳶ ╆⭃ᢲᜮ プ㨂⚲(Window Function)⯲ 㝓○(Ⴊ♺
⫚ ⲞⰎ រ⪇㢇)⯞ ᔲ㕚ᕒ. (Attenuation (dB) Transition Bandwidth (fs/n); (1) Rectangular 21, 0.9, (2) Triangular 25, 1.18, (3) Hanning 44, 2.5, (4) Hamming 53, 3.13,(5) Blackman 74, 4.6). プ㨂⚲ 㧞㗊ᜮ Ⴊ♺ Ⴌ⯲ ᅊⲯ⯞ 㙏㨎 Ⰾᶊ ⚲ Ⱒ⯖Ἂ, ᪪㧶 Ⲟ Ⰾ រ⪇㢇⩪ ⯲㨎▶ᡞ ᅊⲯᢶ. ⲞⰎ រ⪇㢇⯚ ⹚ⲯᢶ ヂគ ⶖ㞦⚲⩪▶ ⰪⰒ ᢶ Ⴊ♺Ⴌ⯞ ⩕ዊ ⮞㨎 ⲯ⯲ ᢶ. 㔊 ⲞⰎ រ⪇㢇Ⴌ⯚ 㙏 ᔲ⯚ Ⴊ♺Ḗ Ⲷᆏ㧶
.
⯦⯖ᳶ ῎㧶 Ⱎ㠞✾ ⯫តⰒ IIR㧞㗊ᜮ ⚲㧳ⲛ⯖ᳶ ⯦⯲ ⚲❷⯲ 㪯㕶ᳶ ႚ ⲯ㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ.
1
0 1
n m
i k i k k i k
k k
y b x a y
u u
¦ ¦
(4)⪆ዊ▶ ak ⫚ bk ᜮ 㧞㗊⯲ ᅞ⚲Ⰾ. 㪞ⱆ 㧞㗊⯲ ㈶ᲿⰒ yiᜮ 㪞ⱆ⩪ ⯲ⴎ㧲 ᅺ, xi-kᜮ ⰎⲞ⯲ ႬⰎᅺ, yi-kᜮ ⰎⲞ⯲ ㈶ᲿႬⰎ. Ṧ⨗ yiႚ 0Ⰾ ⧞ᝢᰖἎ, ኒᄝ⯚
㫯㧲⹚ ⧤ᄦ ⹚☧ᢶ ⯦⯲ ⲢⲪ⯲ ᅊᆖⰎἊ ᧦ῒ⩪ Ⰾᲆ㧶 㧞㗊Ḗ ῎㧶 Ⱎ㠞✾
⯫ត 㧞㗊ᰖ √Ḓ.
IIR㧞㗊ᜮ ⰲ ⧦Ჾ ⧞ᔺᳶኒ 㧞㗊ᳶ√㗊 㞦╷ᢲ⩢⯖Ἂ, ᖪṆ ╆⭃ ᢲᜮ 4ႚ
⹚⯲ ⶖ⬮㧶 㪯㕶⯲ 㧞㗊ᳶᜮ Butterworth filters, Chebyshev filters, Inverse Chebyshev filters, Elliptic filtersႚ Ⱒ. ႛႛ⯲ Lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and bandstop filters 㧞 㗊⯲ 㪯㕶ᳶ ▾ᅞᢶ.
℞㗊⭦⸢ 㧞㗊⯲ ⶖ㞦⚲⯫ត⯚ ὂ ⶖ㞦⚲⩪▶ Ṿᓞᲆ⭎ ⯫ត○ᆖ ⹚ⲯᢶ ヂគ ⶖ㞦⚲ᳶ√㗊 គⴊᳶ⭎ Ⴊ☦⯲ 㝓⯞ ᔲ㕚ᕒ. ᪪㧶 㔆ዊ ⯫តⰎ 㙏ᆖរ⪇
⩪▶ ㇶរᳶ 㡣㡣㧲ᅺ, Ⲛ⹚រ⪇(䦖䫺㿌䚙)⩪▶ᜮ 0Ⰾ. 㧲⹚Ṧ, 㙏ᆖរ⪇ᆖ Ⲛ⹚
រ⪇╆Ⰾ⯲ rolloffsᜮ ⫞Ṧ㧲⪆, ᕈ⯚ ヂ⚲⯲ ℞㗊⭦⸢ 㧞㗊ᜮ Ⰾ╛ⲛ 㧞㗊⯲ ⴥ⯚
ኖ╆Ⴌ⯞ Ⲷᆏ㧲⹚ ὕ㧶.
㧶㡒, ㅎ⋞◒㦞 㧞㗊ᜮ 㙏ᆖ រ⪇⩪▶ ᦋṆ㦦 ⯫ត⯞ Ⴐᅺ, Ⲛ⹚រ⪇⩪▶ 㢇
⯫ត⯚ ⸷ႚ㧲⹚ ⧤ᅺ Ⴊ☦㧶. Ⰾ 㧞㗊ᜮ ℞㗊⭦⸢ 㧞㗊 ⪢Ṇ㧶 rolloffsḖ Ⴐᜮ.
⪇ ㅎ⋞◒㦞 㧞㗊ᜮ ㅎ⋞◒㦞 㧞㗊⫚ ⮺╆㧲Ἂ, Ⲛ⹚រ⪇⩪▶ Ṇ㦦╷○Ⰾ Ⲷ⬒
ᢲἊ, ⶖ㞦⚲ ⯫ត⯚ 㙏ᆖរ⪇⩪▶ 㡣㡣㧲.
Ṧ⨗ 㙏ᆖរ⪇ᆖ Ⲛ⹚រ⪇⩪▶ ᦋṆ㦦 ⯫ត⯞ 㩢⭃㧲ᅺ ➐Ἆ, Elliptic 㧞㗊Ḗ
╆⭃㨎⨖ 㧶. Ellipticᜮ ℞㗊⭦⸢ 㧞㗊 㫓⯚ ㅎ⋞◒㦞 㧞㗊⫚ ⋞ᇪ㧲⪆ Ⴓ⯚ ヂ⚲
Ḗ ⮞㧶 ⪢Ṇ㧶 rolloffsḖ ႚ⹚ᅺ Ⱒ. 㔆ዊ Ⲷᆋ ⯫ត⩪ Ⱒ⩎▶ ㇶⲛ⯲ ዊ⯞ ᔲ
㕚ᕒ. ኒᲆᔲ Ⰾ 㧞㗊ᜮ 㙏ᆖរ⪇⩪▶ Ṿ⭊ ⋞ ►㪯ⲛⰒ ⮞╛ ⯫ត⯞ Ⴐᜮ Ⰾ ᄝ⯚ ⪆ᲆ ⯫⭃⩪▶ ₮ᰦ⹛㧲⹚ ⧤ᜮ ᄝⰎ FIR㧞㗊⩪ ⯲㨎 㧺 ⚲ Ⱒᜮ ᄝㄲᲖ IIR㧞㗊 㨂⚲⯲ ᅞ⚲ ⹚ⲯ⯞ 㧺 ⚲ ⩠. ⫶ᕪ㧲Ἆ IIR㧞㗊ᜮ 㧞㗊ṛ ⚲㨣ᆖ ᡳ❶
⩪ 㧞㗊⯲ ᅞ⚲Ḗ ㈮ⲯ㧲ዊ ᧦ῒⰎ.
→ ⪊ሆ⩪ᜮ ㄲṆ ☧ᡞ⫚ ሆ㪞⯲ ⰻ○⩪ ⪛㨿⯞ ₒ㋲ᜮ 㧞㗊⯲ ヂ⚲⫚ ᠊Ⰾ 㗊⯲ ⫶ᅻ⯞ ᅊⲯ㧲ᜮ ⮞╛ 㝓○⯞ ᅺᲾ㧲⪆ IIR㧞㗊Ḗ ►㕷㧲⪚. FIR㧞㗊⯲ ╆
⭃㧺 ᅗ⭊, រ√∞⯲ ▾ᅞ ዊℯ⯚ ⮺㧶㧶 ዒⰎ⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊⩪ រ㨎 㧞㗊ṛ 㭞 ⲯ㫯 㰢 ►㪯 ⮞╛ ⯫ត⯞ ᔲ㕚ᕎ⹚Ṧ Ⱚዊ㌎Ữᰖ⯲ ᅊ㨂 㡣ႚ ⭪ṆⰒ VH/x ⪛╛ ㄲ Ṇ⩪ √ⲯⲛⰒ ⪛㨿⯞ ₒ㋲ᜮ Ṇ㦦 ⯫តᡞ ᔲ㕚ᔲᄦ ᢶ. ₲Ἆ⩪ IIR㧞㗊⯲ Ṩ⯚
▾ᅞ ዊℯ ⶫ ╛ន㰢 ►㪯ⲛⰒ ⮞╛⯫ត⯞ Ⲷᆏ㧺 ⑪Ṧ ⧞ᝢᰖ 㙏ᆖ រ⪇⩪▶ Ṇ 㦦⯫តⰎ ⩠ᅺ, 㢇⯲ ►㪯○ ⮺⹚ႚ 㧞⚲ⲛⰒ ╛㬃⩪ ㇶⲛ⯖ᳶ ╆⭃㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ.
ᰖ▶ ᅊ㨂ⲯ 㡣ႚ √∞⯲ ⲞㄲṆ ᆖⲯ⯲ ⹚㗒 㧞㗊ᳶ ℞㗊⭦⸢ 㧞㗊Ḗ ╆⭃
㧲⪚⯖Ἂ, 㧞㗊 ▾ᅞ⩪ᜮ 㧶ሇ ᕎ⚖ᔺ Ⱂ✾㝒ᶂỖ㝒 ╆(National Instrument Co. Inc.)
⯲ Measurement Studio Analysis Library⯲ ῎㧶 Ⱎ㠞✾ ⯫ត 㧞㗊(IIR) ⶫ Butterworth filters⯲ Lowpass FilterḖ ╆⭃㧲⪆ 㧞㗊Ḗ ☦㦞㝒⮂⩎ⲛ⯖ᳶ ❾㪞 㧲⪚.
Ⲷ 3ⲢG A/D ⅚㫲ዊ
ᅊ㨂⯖ᳶ√㗊 ₶╷㧶 ▾ Ⱚ☧ ∞㢆ᜮ ⪎ᢶ Ⱚዊ◖▶ ₩ ヂᡳ ⸷㢇㬦ᳶ, ⧞ ᔺᳶኒ LPF⩪ ⯲㧲⪆ ᘬ⯚ S/N⋞Ḗ ႚ Ⲟዊ❺㫒⯲ ∞㢆ᳶ ⅚㫲ᢶ. ⅚㫲ᢶ Ⲟ ዊ❺㫒⯲ ⪎⯚ A/D ⅚㫲ዊ⫚ 儙-processor⩪ ⯲㧲⪆ Ⲛⰿ, ⪊╊ ₩ ㄲṆ ᢶ. →
⪊ሆ⩪▶ᜮ Fig. 2-17⩪ ᔲ㕚ᕒ ₮⫚ ႳⰎ 8bit Ⅻ᳆ ⋞ᇪ㪯(Semiflash) A/D⅚㫲ዊⰒ SONY╆⯲ CXD1175AMḖ Ⲟ⭃ A/D⅚㫲ዊᳶ マ㕷㧲⪚. CXD1175AMᜮ ⶖᳶ ⋺Ḓ ㄲṆ ☧ᡞႚ ⬮ሆᢲᜮ ⪛╛ ❺㫒 ㄲṆ, ⹚㗒 ỮὂṆ ⪾❾ᳶ✾㏮㦞, ᲢⰎ⩪ ╆
⭃ᢶ. ⧞ᔺᳶኒ ⰟᲿ ❺㫒Ḗ 3Ⴖ⯲ Ⲛ㨇 ᰲᳶ ∞⧯㧶 ዊⲞ⧯ᆖ ႛႛ⯲ ⋞ᇪ ዊᳶ ⋞ᇪ㧲ᜮ ❷⯞ ╆⭃㧶. ᧦ῒ⩪ 㧶 គᅞᳶ ⋞ᇪႚ ⫞ᵦᢲ⩎ Ṿ⭊ ⋺Ḓ ⅚ 㫲 ❶႞⯞ Ⴐᜮ. ᪪㧶 ◖▶ ⰟᲿ⩪ រ㧶 ㈶Ჿ ❺㫒⯲ ⲯₚᡞ(accuracy)ႚ ⭊⚲㧲 Ἂ, ⲯₚᡞ⯲ ⪾ヂᜮ ⶖᳶ ☦Ⱚ ᕎ√⯲ ዊ Ⲟ⧯, Ⲟ⧯ ⋞ᇪዊ, Gain Ⲛ㨇ᦋ⩪ ⯲ 㨎 佳0.5 LSB ⪾ヂႚ ₶╷㧶. ㇶរ ⅚㫲 ❶႞(Conversion time)⯚ 35MS/SⰎἊ, 㧶
™⯲ A/D⅚㫲⩪ 18ns ⹚⪊Ⰾ ₶╷㧶.
㧶㡒, 儙-processorᜮ A/D⅚㫲 ❶႞ ⅚㫲ᢶ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ Ⱇ⩎ Ⰾᜮ᠊ ዎ ❶
႞Ⰾ ☦⬮ᢲ⁚ᳶ ᅺ☧ ❺㫒 ㄲṆḖ ⩎ᄦ 㧲ᜮ ⬮ⰒⰎ ᢶ. ᰖ▶ A/D⅚㫲 㠞
✾ ❺㫒⩪ ᡳዊ㧲⪆ SRAM(32k佴8bit, SAMSUNG, K6T0808C1D)⩪ ⹛ⲫ Ⲛⰿᢲᡞ᳷
㧲⪆, ╲㦦ṛ ☧ᡞႚ Ṿ⭊ ⋺Ḓ ᅗ⭊ ỮὂṆ⩪ ⹛ⲫ Ⲛⰿ㧲ᜮ DMA❷⯞ ᡞⰟ 㧲
⪚.
Ⰾᲆ㧶 A/D⅚㫲ዊ ₩ ỮὂṆ⩪ ⯲㧲⪆ 1 ~ 4V⯲ ⰟᲿ ℮⮞⩪▶ 11.7mV⯲ ∞㨎
⯞ ⩕⩢.
Fig. 2-17 A/D ⅚㫲ዊ 㬦ᳶ
Ⲷ 4ⲢG Ⱂ㗊㠲Ⰾ✾
Ⱚዊ㌎Ữᰖ⯲ A/D ⅚㫲ዊ⫚ 儙-processor⩪ ⯲㧲⪆ ⅚㫲ᢶ Ⲟዊ❺㫒ᜮ USBⰒ㗊 㠲Ⰾ✾⩪ ⯲㧲⪆ ㎎㦂㗊⩪ Ⲛⰿᢶ. Ⱂ㗊㠲Ⰾ✾ᜮ Fig. 2-18⩪ Ⱂ ₮⫚ ႳⰎ 710 佴450佴1.6mm 㔆ዊ⯲ 1Ⴖ⯲ Main ⫚ 295佴180佴1.6mm 㔆ዊ⯲ 12Ⴖ⯲ Sub
ᳶ ሆ○㧲⪚. Main boardᜮ ㇶរ 16Ⴖ⯲ 㫯ⰿ ❆ᴉ⯞ ႚ⹚ᅺ Ⱒ⩎ ㆷ 256マᖪ⯲
Ⲟ⧯ ❺㫒Ḗ ᡳ❶⩪ A/D⅚㫲 ₩ Ⲛⰿ㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ⯖Ἂ, Ⲟ⭪√, 儙-processor, PLD (Programmable Logic Device), ᠊Ⰾ㗊 Ⲟ☻√, Display√ᳶ ሆ○ᢶ.
㬦ᳶ⯲ ὂ √∞⯲ Ⲟ⭪⯚ SMPS(Switched Mode Power Supply)Ḗ ╆⭃㧲⪚.
SMPSᜮ ⧞ᔺᳶኒ ❷⯲ 㞦⭦ ⠂㦦ᰖⰎ⩪ រ⯫㧲ᜮ ❷⯖ᳶ, ᇪᷲ(220V)Ḗ ⹛ᷲ
(⨗ 290~300V)ᳶ ₮ᑖ ⯦ ᘬ⯚ ⶖ㞦⚲(20~50kHz)ᳶ ₶⯞ ❶㕂 㭞 ⭪㧲ᜮ Ⲟ⧯
⯖ᳶ Ⴏ⧯㧶 ⯦ ⲯᷲ ₩ 㧞㗊ṛ⯞ 㙏㨎▶ ⹛ᷲ Ⲟ⭪⯞ Ṧᜮ ❷Ⰾ.
Fig. 2-18 Ⱂ㗊㠲Ⰾ✾ ⰿ㋲
㭂⯂Ⰾ ⴥᅺ, ⪎ ₶╷Ⰾ ⲛዊ ᧦ῒ⩪ ☦㪯/ᅗᱣ㫮ႚ ႚ㧲Ἂ, រ⭃ᱣ⯲ ⲯⲞ⧯, ⲯⲞᷲ ሆᡳⰎ ႚ㧲ᜮ ⰿⲪⰎ Ⱒ⯖ᔲ ᅺⶖ㞦⯲ ✾⮞㌇⩪ ⯲㨎 㧞⪊ⲛ⯖ᳶ ᘒ Ⰾ⸢ႚ ₶╷㧶. ᰖ▶ ⲚṆ㦦 ᘒⰎ⸢ 㧞㗊(1% Vp-p), EMI㧞㗊 ᕎⰿᢶ Ⲷ㤢(Power plaza 䏙)⯞ ╆⭃㧲⪚ᅺ, ႛႛ⯲ 儙-processor ሆᡳ Ⲟ⭪⯖ᳶ ⦊Ⰾዊ Ⲟ⩪ ᘒⰎ⸢ Ⲛ Ⴊ 㬦ᳶḖ 㙏ᆖ❶㏊. ᪪㧶 USB⯲ ሆᡳ Ⲟ⭪⯚ ⲚⲞ⧯Ⴏ㧲 ►㪯 ᲢቾᲢⰎ㗊Ⱂ LP3871(National Semiconductor䏙)Ḗ ╆⭃㧲⪚.
儙-processor (80C196KC)ᜮ ㌃ ᕎ⩪ 488₮Ⰾ㝒⯲ RAM⯚ ᕎⰿ ᢲ⩎ Ⱒ⯖ᔲ ᕎ
√ ỮὂṆᜮ ╆⭃㧲⹚ ⧤ᅺ, ႛႛ ᡟṗ❶㎶ 256k₮Ⰾ㝒⯲ EEPROM, 256k₮Ⰾ㝒⯲
RAM⯞ ⬒√⩪ ⪊ᅊ㧲⪚. 㦞ᳶኒᰲỒ⊮ Ⱏ㈶Ჿ ₮Ⰾ✾Ḗ ㈮ႚ㧲⪆ √ⴋ㧶 IO 㢆㝒Ḗ 㫯ⰿ㧲⪚. ᪪㧶 㭂⯂ⲛ Ⲷ⩎❺㫒Ḗ ⮞㧶 PLD⫚ LCD DISPLAYⰿ㋲, ὃ ⲛ ⰿ㋲Ḗ ㈮ႚ ⪊ᅊ㧲⪆ ሆ○㧲⪚.
ⰻ㧶 ㏮ᧃ⯞ ⮞㨎▶ Ⲟ⭃ ㏮ ㌃Ⱂ ALTERA EPM7128SḖ ╆⭃㧲⪚.
ALTERA EPM7128Sᜮ PLD⯲ 㧲ᔲᳶ⠂, ㌃ ᕎ√⩪ ᳶ⹛⯞ 㦞ᳶኒ᱂ 㨎 ᖽ⯞ ⚲ Ⱒ ᜮ ☦ⰪⰎ. Ⱆ₲ⲛ⯖ᳶ TTLⰎᔲ CMOS ☦Ⱚ⯚ ᡳⰖ㧶 ዊ⯞ ⚲㨣㧲ᜮ᠊ ᄦ Ⰾ㝒⯞ 㧲ᔲ⯲ 㟂㔾⹚⩪ ណ⯚ ☦ⰪⰒ᠊ ₲㧲⪆ PLDᜮ Ⱚ❺Ⰾ ⭪㧲ᜮ ⨫㧶 ᳶ
⹛⯞ 㧲ᔲ⯲ 㟂㔾⹚ᳶ ሆ㪞㧺 ⚲ Ⱒᜮ ⰿⲪⰎ Ⱒ. ㇶរ 68㧚ዦ⹚ IO㢆㝒Ḗ ╆⭃
㧺 ⚲ Ⱒᜮ ALTERA⩪ Sub board⯲ SRAM ⩎Ტ✾ Ⲷ⩎ ❺㫒, A/D⅚㫲⯲ Ⲷ⩎ ❺ 㫒, A/D⅚㫲⯲ ╛㕶 㣶❶ ❺㫒Ḗ ⮞㧶 pin⯞ 㧺ន㧲ᅺ, ᠊Ⰾ㗊 Ⲟ☻⯞ ⮞㨎 USB ⩎
Ტ✾ ❺㫒⫚ ὃⲛ ❺㫒Ḗ ⮞㧶 pin⯞ 㧺ន㧲⪆ ሆ○㧲⪚.
᠊Ⰾ㗊 Ⲟ☻⯚ EZ-USB FX2Ḗ ╆⭃㧲⪚. ㌃⯲ ㏮⩎ᜮ 24MHz⩪▶ ሆᡳ㧲ᜮ 8051 ㏮⩎Ḗ ╆⭃㧲ᅺ, USB 2.0/1.1⯞ ⹚⭪㧲Ἂ, 㠦⮂⩎ᜮ USBḖ 㙏㨎 ⭎₵⧞ ሆ ᡳ㧲⪚. Sub board⯲ SRAMᆖ ⪊ᅊᢶ ⩎Ტ✾ ❺㫒, USB ㎂㝒 ❺㫒 ⪊ᅊᳶ ሆ
○㧲⪚.
Fig. 2-19 Main board⯲ 㬦ᳶᡞ
Fig. 2-20 ALTERA EPM7128S (PLD)⯲ 㬦ᳶᡞ
儙-processor⯲ Port 2.2⩪ ⪊ᅊᢶ A/D⅚㫲⯲ ❶Ⱛ ℞㝖⯞ Main board (Fig. 2-19, 20)⯲ ⬒√ ▾㋲㧲⪚. Ⰾ ❶Ⱛ ℞㝖⯲ Rising edge triggerḖ 儙-processor Ⱚㅎႚ 㧲
⮂⩎ⲛ⯖ᳶ ኒ ⅚㫮Ḗ ㅎ㔆㧲⪆ Port 2.6⯞ 㙏㨎 PLD(ALTERA) 5™ I/O㢆㝒⩪
A/D⅚㫲 ❶Ⱛ⯞ ⧦Ṋ. I/O㢆㝒⯲ ⅚㫮Ḗ Ⴊ⹚㧶 ALTERAᜮ 16Ⴖ⯲ ❆ᴉ⩪ 4Ⴖ⯲
❺㫒Ḗ ᡳ❶⩪ ₶╷ ❶㕂. ₶╷ᢲᜮ ❺㫒ᜮ ႛႛ A/D⅚㫲⯞ ⮞㧶 Clock ❺㫒, Ⱏ Ჿ⭃ ᰲ㋲ Enable❺㫒, A/D⅚㫲ᢶ ᠊Ⰾ㗊ႚ Ⲛⰿᢺ SRAM⯲ Address ❺㫒⫚ Write Enable ❺㫒Ⰾ. Ⰾ ❺㫒⩪ ⯲㨎 Sub board⯲ ὂ マᖪ(Max. 256channel)⩪▶
A/D⅚㫲Ⰾ ᡳ❶⩪ Ⱆ⩎ᔲᅺ Ⲛⰿᢶ. Ⰾ⫚ ᡳ❶⩪ ALTERAᜮ A/D⅚㫲⯞ ⮞㧶 Clock ❺㫒Ḗ ㌎⭎㞟㧲ዊ ❶Ⱛ㧶. Sub board⯲ SRAM⯲ Ⲛⰿ 㧶ᅞᔲ ╆⭃Ⱚႚ ⹚ ⲯ㧶 Ⲛⰿ ⭃ᱣ⩪ ᰖ ALTERAᜮ ⰟᲿ⭃ ᰲ㋲Ḗ Disable ❶㕂. A/D⅚㫲⯚ ᅞ☧
Ⱆ⩎ᔲ⹚Ṧ Ⲛⰿᢲ⹚ᜮ ⧤ᜮ. ᪪㧶 PLD(ALTERA) 81™ I/O㢆㝒⩪ ⪊ᅊᢶ 儙 -processor⯲ Port 0.7Ḗ 㙏㨎 ⲚⰿⰎ ⫞ᵦᢲ⩢⯦⯞ ⧦Ṋ.
Main board⫚ USBᳶ ⪊ᅊᢶ ㄺᡞ ヂ᷶㕪╛ 㦞ᳶኒ᱂⯞ 㙏㨎 A/D⅚㫲 ⪆√Ḗ 㫯Ⱂ 㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ. 㦞ᳶኒ᱂⯚ 1マᖪṦ ⩕ᄊᔲ 㫓⯚ ὂ マᖪ⯞ ⩕ᜮ ᣪႚ⹚ ℯ
⯖ᳶ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ Ⱇ⩎ ⫆ ⚲ Ⱒ.
1マᖪ⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ Ⱇ⩎ ⫆ ᅗ⭊⩪ᜮ ᠊Ⰾ㗊 ☻❺ ⬮ሆ⩪ ᰖ USBᜮ 儙 -processor⯲ 㫯ⰿ I/O㢆㝒Ⱂ 82C55AC⯲ Port PC.0Ḗ 㙏㨎 ᠊Ⰾ㗊 ⬮ሆḖ ⧦ṆἊ, ALTERA⩪ᄦᜮ SRAM⯲ Address ❺㫒Ḗ ⧦Ṋ. ❺㫒⩪ ᰖ ALTERAᜮ Read Enable ❺㫒⫚ ⬮ሆ ₵⯚ ⩎Ტ✾ Ⴌ⯞ Sub board⯲ ὂ SRAM⩪ Ṿ㧫❶㕂. Ⰾ
⫚ ᡳ❶⩪ 儙-processorᜮ USB⯲ ⬮ሆ⩪ Ṹᜮ マᖪ⯞ Port 1.0~7⯞ Ⰾ⭃㧲⪆ ㏮ᧃ 㧲ᅺ, Port 1.0~7⯲ ㏮ᧃ Ⴌ⩪ ᰖ Sub board⯲ GAL⯚ 㨎ន マᖪ⯲ ㈶Ჿ⭃ ᰲ㋲
Enable ❶㕂. ⸣ 1 マᖪ⯲ SRAM⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ṧ Ⱇ⯞ ⚲ Ⱒᄦ ᢶ. ⰎᲡᄦ ►㕷 マ ᖪ⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ Ⱇ⯞ ⚲ Ⱒᜮ ⋞ႚ ᢲἎ USBᜮ Ⱚᡳ⯖ᳶ SRAM⯲ AddressḖ ⸷
ႚ❶㎶ ႚἊ SRAM⩪ Ⲛⰿᢶ ὂ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ ヂ᳚ᳶ ₵ᅺ, ☻❺Ⰾ ⫞ᵦ ᢲἎ ALTERAᜮ 27™ I/O㢆㝒⫚ ⪊ᅊᢶ Port 0.6Ḗ 㙏㨎 儙-processor⩪ᄦ 㨎ន マᖪ⯲ ὂ
᠊Ⰾ㗊 ☻❺Ⰾ ⫞ᵦ ᢲ⩢⯦⯞ ⧦Ṋ.
ὂ マᖪ⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ Ⱇ⩎ ⫆ ᅗ⭊⩪ᜮ ᠊Ⰾ㗊 ☻❺ ⬮ሆ⩪ ᰖ USBᜮ 儙 -processor⯲ 㫯ⰿ I/O㢆㝒Ⱂ 82C55AC⯲ Port PC.0Ḗ 㙏㨎 ᠊Ⰾ㗊 ⬮ሆḖ ⧦ṆἊ, ALTERA⩪ᄦᜮ SRAM⯲ Address ❺㫒Ḗ ⧦Ṋ. ❺㫒⩪ ᰖ ALTERAᜮ Read Enable ❺㫒⫚ ⬮ሆ ₵⯚ ⩎Ტ✾ Ⴌ⯞ Sub board⯲ ὂ SRAM⩪ Ṿ㧫❶㕂. Ⰾ
⫚ ᡳ❶⩪ 儙-processorᜮ USB⯲ ⬮ሆ⩪ Ṹᜮ ㅅ™⺒ マᖪ⯞ Port 1.0~7⯞ Ⰾ⭃㧲⪆
㏮ᧃ㧲ᅺ, Port 1.0~7⯲ ㏮ᧃ Ⴌ⩪ ᰖ Sub board⯲ GAL⯚ 㨎ន マᖪ⯲ ㈶Ჿ⭃
ᰲ㋲ Enable ❶㕂. ⰎᲡᄦ ►㕷 マᖪ⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ Ⱇ⯞ ⚲ Ⱒᜮ ⋞ႚ ᢲἎ USB ᜮ Ⱚᡳ⯖ᳶ SRAM⯲ AddressḖ ⸷ႚ❶㎶ ႚἊ SRAM⩪ Ⲛⰿᢶ ὂ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ ヂ
᳚ᳶ ₵ᅺ, ☻❺Ⰾ ⫞ᵦ ᢲἎ ALTERAᜮ 27™ I/O㢆㝒⫚ ⪊ᅊᢶ Port 0.5Ḗ 㙏㨎 儙 -processor⩪ᄦ ㅅ™⺒ マᖪ⯲ ὂ ᠊Ⰾ㗊 ☻❺Ⰾ ⫞ᵦ ᢲ⩢⯦⯞ ⧦Ṋ. ❶ 儙 -processorᜮ ⯦ マᖪ⯞ Port 1.0~7⯞ Ⰾ⭃㧲⪆ ㏮ᧃ㧲ᅺ, Port 1.0~7⯲ ㏮ᧃ Ⴌ
⩪ ᰖ Sub board⯲ GAL⯚ 㨎ន マᖪ⯲ ㈶Ჿ⭃ ᰲ㋲ Enable ❶㕂. USBᜮ Ⱚᡳ
⯖ᳶ SRAM⯲ AddressḖ ⸷ႚ❶㎶ ႚἊ SRAM⩪ Ⲛⰿᢶ ὂ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ ヂ᳚ᳶ ₵ ᄦ ᢶ. Ⰾᲆ㧶 ⚶▶ᳶ ὂ マᖪ⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ 㬧Ⰾ ⫞ᵦ ᢲἎ ALTERAᜮ 27™
I/O㢆㝒⫚ ⪊ᅊᢶ Port 0.5Ḗ 㙏㨎 儙-processor⩪ᄦ ὂ マᖪ⯲ ὂ ᠊Ⰾ㗊 ☻❺Ⰾ
⫞ᵦ ᢲ⩢⯦⯞ ⧦Ṋ.
Table 2-3 Main board⯲ ╆⨫
㨇ὃ ᕎ⭃
PCB SIZE 710佴450佴1.6mm, FR4, ኢᡞኢ Power 5V (for Logic), 3.3V 0.8A(for USB) CPU 80C196KC
PLD ALTERA EPM7128S, ATF22V10B CLOCK 100kHz(00MHz ╆⭃ႚ)
RAM IS61C256(32k佴8) EEPROM AT28C256(32k佴8)
DISPLAY LCD(16ch佴2line), Array LED KEY Start SW, Reset SW
❶Ṇ⩖ 㢆㝒 RS232C 㫯ⰿ㢆㝒 82C55AC
USB CY7C68013
Sub boardᜮ ⩎Ტ✾ ㏮(GAL16V8, Generic Array Logic), reference Ⲟ⧯ ⴊⲯ, A/D⅚㫲ዊ(CXD1175AM), Latch(74HC541), SRAM √∞⯖ᳶ ሆ○ᢶ. 16Ⴖ マᖪ⯲
A/D⅚㫲Ⰾ ᡳ❶⩪ Ⰾᶂ⩎⹚Ἂ, 1Ⴖ マᖪ⯚ Fig. 2-21ᆖ Ⴓ⯚ 㬦ᳶᳶ ሆ○ᢶ.
◖▶⩪▶ 㬧ᢶ ❺㫒ᜮ Ⲛⰻ⯦ ᅺ☧ ヂᡳ ⸷㢇 㬦ᳶ⩪ ⯲㨎 ⸷㢇ᢶ. Sub board⩪ Ⲟ☻ ᢶ ⸷㢇ᢶ ❺㫒ᜮ reference Ⲟ⧯ ⴊⲯ 㬦ᳶ⩪ ⯲㨎 A/D⅚㫲ዊ⯲ ⅚㫲
℮⮞⯲ ⶫ႞ႬⰎ ᢲᡞ᳷ ₮Ⰾ⩎✾ Ⲟ⧯⯞ 㧲⪆ ❺㫒⯲ referenceႚ ⴊⲯᢶ. ⴊ ⲯᢶ ❺㫒ᜮ Main board⯲ PLD(ALTERA EPM7128S)⩪ ⯲㧲⪆ ᆏኣᢲᜮ 㠞✾ ❺㫒 (F_ADC_CLK)⩪ ᡳዊ㧶 A/D⅚㫲ዊ⩪ ⯲㨎 ⹚㗒 Ⲟዊ ❺㫒ᳶ ⅚㫲ᢶ. A/D⅚㫲 ዊ⯲ ㈶Ჿគ⩪ᜮ ᣪ Ⴖ⯲ ⰟᲿ⭃, ㈶Ჿ⭃ ᰲ㋲ႚ ⪊ᅊᢲ⩎ Ⱒᅺ, ᣪ Ⴖ⯲ ᰲ㋲ ╆ Ⰾ⩪ᜮ SRAM⯞ ⮞㋲㧲⪚. Main board⯲ PLDᜮ ⰟᲿ⭃ ᰲ㋲ Enable ❺㫒 (F_AD_Write_Buffer_EN)⫚ SRAM⯲ ⦊ዊ ❺㫒(F_CPLD_WE) ₩ ỮὂṆ ⩎Ტ✾
❺㫒(F_A0~F_A14)Ḗ ㈶Ჿ㧶. ⅚㫲ᢶ 8bit⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊ᜮ ⰟᲿ⭃ ᰲ㋲ Enable ❺㫒, ỮὂṆ ⩎Ტ✾⫚ ⦊ዊ ❺㫒⩪ ᰖ ႛႛ⯲ A/D⅚㫲ዊ⩪ ⪊ᅊᢶ SRAM⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊 ỮὂṆ⩪ 0000H™⹚√㗊 ヂ᳚ᳶ Ⲛⰿᢶ.
㧶㡒 SRAM⩪ Ⲛⰿᢶ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ ႚⳒ ⫆ ᧦ᜮ ỖⲚ Main board⯲ 80C196k(儙 -processor)ᜮ Ⱇ⩎ ⪾ᅺⰪ 㧲ᜮ マᖪ⯲ ⩎Ტ✾Ⴌ⯞ Ṿ㧫㧲Ἆ Ⰾ ❺㫒⩪ ᰖ 㦞 ᳶኒᰲ₧ᢶ GAL16V8⩪ ⯲㨎 ㈶Ჿ⭃ ᰲ㋲ Enable ❺㫒(HS_Channel_00)ႚ ㈶Ჿᢲ⩎
⭪㧲ᜮ ⚶▶ᳶ ㈶Ჿ⭃ ᰲ㋲Ḗ 㫶○㫮 ❶㕆 ⚲ Ⱒ. ⪆ዊ▶, GAL16V8⯲ ㈶Ჿ⯚
ႛዊ Ḓ ⚶▶⯲ ⩪Ტ✾ ㏮ᧃⰎ ႚ㧲. ᰖ▶ Main board⯲ ⩎ᨾ ❆ᴉ⩪
ⲫ☧㧲ᰖᡞ ►㕷 ❺㫒⩪ ᰖ 㨎ន Sub board⯲ ỮὂṆḖ ⧻◒✾ 㧺 ⚲ Ⱒᄦ ᢶ
.
㧶㡒, Main board⯲ PLDᜮ SRAM⯲ Ⱇዊ ❺㫒(F_CPLD_OE)⫚ ỮὂṆ ⩎Ტ✾
❺㫒(F_A0~F_A14)⩪ ᰖ 㫶○㫮ᢶ SRAM⯲ Ⲛⰿᢶ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ ⧻◒✾ 㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ.
㧶㡒, ⴟᰲ ⪊ሆ⩪▶ᜮ RS-232 ⹛᳆ 㙏❺ ℯ⯞ ╆⭃㧲⪚ዊ ᧦ῒ⩪ 儙-processorᳶ
√㗊 ㎎㦂㗊⩪ Ⲟ☻㧲ᜮ Ⱂ㗊㠲Ⰾ➋ ☧ᡞᜮ 55.2msᳶ▶ Ⲛ☧Ⰾ⩢. 㧲⹚Ṧ Ⲟ⭃
USB㢆㝒Ḗ ╆⭃㨂⯖ᳶ⠂ ㇶរ 12Mbps⯲ ᅺ☧⯖ᳶ ㎎㦂㗊⫚ ☻⚲❺ 㧺 ⚲ Ⱒᄦ ᢲ
⩢. ᪪㧶 ႛ マᖪ⯞ ႛႛ⯲ 㬦ᳶ⫚ 1:1ᳶ រ⯫ ᢲ⁚ᳶ ᘬ⯚ S/N⋞ ⩕⯞ ⚲ Ⱒ.
❺㫒 ►⯲ ႞ᱏ㫮Ḗ 㙏㨎 ⬒√ ⰻ⯦ ⮺Ⱏ⯞ ㇶ☦㫮 㧲⪚. ⭋Ⰾ, 儙 -processorႚ ⬒√ 㫯ⰿ ỮὂṆḖ 㙏㨎 SRAM⯲ ⅚㫲ᢶ ⹚㗒 ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ḗ ⴊⲯ, Ⲛⰿ ᢺ ⚲ Ⱒ.
Table 2-4 Sub board⯲ ╆⨫
㨇ὃ ᕎ⭃
PCB size 295佴180佴1.6mm, FR4, ኢᡞኢ Power 5V (for Logic)
Current Max. 750mA Decoder GAL16V8
A/D Converter CXD1175AM (8bit, Max. Conversion speed of 35MS/S) SRAM 32k佴8bit, SAMSUNG, K6T0808C1D
Latch 74HC541 Buffer 74HC07
ETC Array LED, 2Test Point per Channel,
Fig. 2-21 Sub board⯲ 㬦ᳶᡞ
Ⲷ 5ⲢG ᅊ㨂 ⲯ 㡣ႚ
▾Ⱚ☧㕪╛ℯ(MFLT)⯞ Ⰾ⭃㧶 ᅊ㨂⯲ ⲯᱣ 㡣ႚḖ ⮞㨎▶ᜮ ᅊ㨂⯲ ⴎⱆ⩪
⯲㨎 ₶╷㧲ᜮ ▾Ⱚ☧ₚᡞ ∞㢆Ḗ 㨎▷㧺 㧞⬮ႚ Ⱒ. ▾Ⱚ☧ ∞㢆⯲ ❶⁆Ტ Ⰾ◲⯞ ⮞㧲⪆ ⮺㧶⬮☦㨎▷(FEM, Finite elements method)ᆖ Ⱚዊ➧ናⰪ ὂ᠒㨎▷ℯ (DPMA, Dipole Model Analysis)⯞ Ⰾ⭃㧲⪚.[38-41] FEM⯚ ❶㩲㡒, Ⱚ⭪, ᅊ㨂, ᆏዊ ᦋ⯞ Ⱛ⯚ ⬮☦ ₩ ⲢⲪ⯖ᳶ ᔲᚢ 㭞 ႛႛ⯲ ⬮☦⩪ រ㨎 ⲞⰪᅞ⯲ ⪊ṗⲯ❷⯞
㨎▷㧲ᜮ ℯⰎ. ⋞ᇪⲛ ⲯ㫯㧶 㨎Ḗ Ⲷᆏ㧲ዎ 㧲⹚Ṧ, ὂ᠒ṛ ₩ ⬮☦⯲ ╷○
ᆖ ⪊ṗⲯ❷⯲ ᅞ╊ᦋ⩪ Ṩ⯚ ❶႞Ⰾ ☦⬮ᢶᜮ ῒⲶḖ ႚ⹚ᅺ Ⱒ. ᪪㧶 Ⱆ₲
ⲛ⯖ᳶ ᅊ㨂⯚ 㢇Ⰾ ⴛᅺ, ዒⰎႚ ዎ 㪯㕶Ḗ Ⴐዊ ᧦ῒ⩪ ⬮☦⯲ 㔆ዊḖ Ⱛᄦ 㣶㪞 㨎⨖㧲Ἂ, ᅊᆖⲛ⯖ᳶᜮ 3ヂ⭪ FEM⯲ ⬮☦ ₩ ᅞ╊ ❶႞Ⰾ ṨⰎ ⸷ႚ㧶.
DPMAᜮ ᅊ㨂⯲ ⨫គἎ⩪ Ⱚ㧲(magnetic charge)ႚ ⴎⱆ㧲ᅺ, Ⰾ Ⱚ㧲⯲ ∞㢆
ႚ ╷○㧲ᜮ 3ヂ⭪ ᆏ႞╛⯲ Ⱚᅞႚ ▾Ⱚᅞ⩪ ኖ╆㧲ᅺ ႚⲯ㨂⯖ᳶ⠂, ❾Ⲷ ᅊ 㨂ⶖ⅚⩪ ₶╷㧲ᜮ ▾Ⱚ☧ₚᡞ⯲ ∞㢆⩪ ኖⲫ㧶 ⰪᅞḖ ᅞ╊㨎 ᕖ ⚲ Ⱒ. FEM
⩪ ⋞㨎 ᅞ╊❶႞Ⰾ ⺁ᅺ, ⲯ○ⲛⰒ ᅊᆖḖ Ⲷᆏ㧶. ᰖ▶ → ⪊ሆ⩪▶ᜮ ⰻ 㧶 㪯╛⯲ Ⱚ⭪ ₩ ▾ Ⱚ☧⯞ 㨎▷㧺 ᧦ᜮ FEM⯞ Ⰾ⭃㧲ᅺ, ᅊ㨂⩪ ⯲㧶 ⲯ○ⲛ Ⱂ ▾ Ⱚ☧⯲ 㔆ዊ ⅚㫮Ḗ ᄚ㘺㧺 ᧦ᜮ DPMA⩪ ⯲㧶 㨎▷⯞ ⚲㨣㧲⪚.
1. Ⰾ㢎 ὂ᠒
→ Ⲣ⯚ Ⱚዊ➧ናⰪ ὂ᠒㨎▷ℯ⯞ Ⰾ⭃㧲⪆ ❾㩲ᅊᆖ⫚ 㨎▷ᅊᆖḖ ⲯᱣⲛ⯖
ᳶ ⋞ᇪ㧺 ⚲ Ⱒᡞ᳷ 㧲ᜮ ᄝ⯞ ኒ ὃⲛ⯖ᳶ 㧶. ᅊ㨂⯲ ❾㩲ᅊᆖ⫚ Ⱚዊ➧ናⰪ ὂ᠒㨎▷ℯ⩪ ⯲㧶 㨎▷ᅊᆖḖ 㙏㧲⪆ Ⲷ❶㧶 㨎▷ℯᆖ ⋞ᇪ㧲⪆ ኒ ⮺⭃○⯞ ᄚ
⸷㧶.
DPMAᜮ ᅊ㨂⯲ ⨫⽗ គἎ⩪ Ⱚ㧲ႚ ⴎⱆ㧶ᅺ ႚⲯ㧶. ᅊ㨂⯲ គἎ⯲ Ⱚ 㧲⯲ ∞㢆⩪ ⯲㨎 ╷○ᢲᜮ 3ヂ⭪ ᆏ႞╛⯲ ⰪዊⰿⰎ ▾Ⱚᅞ⫚ ኖ╆㧲ᅺ ႚⲯ
㨂⯖ᳶ⠂ ᅊ㨂 ⶖ⅚⩪ ₶╷㧲ᜮ ▾Ⱚ☧∞㢆Ḗ ᅞ╊㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ.
❶㩲㡒⯲ 㣶Ἆ⩪ ዒⰎႚ lc, 㢇Ⰾ wc, ዤⰎႚ dcⰒ ᅊ㨂Ⰾ Ⱒᅺ ႚⲯ㧶. Fig.
2-22⩪ ᜮ ₮⫚ ႳⰎ x㈯⯚ Ⱚ㫮 㨿⯖ᳶ ⲯ⯲㧲ᅺ, xy㡣Ἆ⯚ ❶㩲㡒⯲ 㣶Ἆ, ኒ Ṇᅺ z㈯⯚ ❶㩲㡒⯲ 㣶Ἆ⩪ ⚲⹛Ⱂ 㨿⯖ᳶ 㧶. ᅊ㨂⯲ ዒⰎ㨿⯚ y㈯⯖ᳶ√
㗊 c Ṧ㔖 㬦Ⲟᢲ⩢ᅺ ႚⲯ㧶. ⸣ c = 0Ⱆ ᧦ᜮ y㈯ᆖ ᅊ㨂⯲ ዒⰎ㨿⯚ 㡣 㨣㧲.
▾ Ⱚ☧ ₚᡞ⯲ z㨿 ○∞Ⱂ Bzᜮ c = 0Ⱆ ᧦, គ⮞ Ἆⲛន Ⱚዊᱣ⯞ m, Ⱚ ዊ 㛆Ⱚ⯂⯞ μ, ኒṆᅺ ❶㩲㡒 㣶Ἆ⯖ᳶ√㗊⯲ ዤⰎḖ uᰖ 㧲ᅺ, Ⰾ㢎 ὂ᠒⩪ ⯲ 㨎 Eq. (5)ᳶ 㣶㪞㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ. ⪆ዊ⩪▶ uᜮ 0 ~ dc╆Ⰾ⯲ Ⴌ⯞ Ⴐᜮ.
/ 2
2 2 2 3/ 2
0 / 2 0
/ 2
2 2 2 3/ 2
/ 2 0
4 {( / 2) ( ) }
4 {( / 2) ( ) }
c c
C c
c c
c
l y d
Z l y
c
l y d
l y
c
m z u
B dudy
x w y z u
m z u
x w y z u dudy
T SP
SP
³ ³
³ ³
(5)
㧶㡒, xR ᆖ yRᜮXY㡣Ἆ⯖ᳶ√㗊 cṦ㔖 㬦Ⲟ㧲⪚⯞ ᧦ XR-YR㈯⯲ 㬦Ⲟᢶ ╢ ᳶ⭎ 㣶ᜮ Eq. (6)⯖ᳶ 㣶㪞㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ.
Fig. 2-22 Ⰾ㢎 ὂ᠒
2 2 1
2 2 1
cos[ tan ( )]
sin[ tan ( )]
R c
R c
x x y y
x y x y y
x T
T
(6)
c = /2Ⱂ ᅗ⭊, Bzᜮ Eq. (5)⩪ ⯲㨎 wc⫚ lcḖ ₮ᑮ ᅞ╊㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ. ᪪㧶 0 < c
< /2ᅗ⭊ Eq. (7)⩪ ⯲㨎 ᅞ╊㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ.
/ 2
2 2 2 3/ 2
0 2 / 2 0
/ 2
2 2 2 3/ 2
/ 2 0
cos
4 {( / 2) ( ) }
cos
4 {( / 2) ( ) }
c R c
c c R
c R c
c R
l y d
c
z l y R
R c R
l y d
c l y R
R c R
m z u
B dudy
x w y z u
m z u
x w y z u dudy
T S
T SP
T SP
³ ³
³ ³
(7)
(a) Ⲛ㕞☦Ⴏ ❶㩲㡒 (SS41, 10佴0.7佴3mm) (b) ⬮㔆㪯 Ⱚ⭪
Fig. 2-23 ❾㩲 ⰿ㋲
(a) ❾㩲 ᅊᆖ (b) 㨎▷ ᅊᆖ
Fig. 2-24 Ⲛ㕞☦Ⴏ ❶㩲㡒⯲ ▾Ⱚ☧ ∞㢆(VH)
Fig. 2-24ᜮ m/4μḖ 10⯖ᳶ ႚⲯ 㧲⪚⯞ ᧦ Fig. 2-23(a) ❶㩲㡒 㣶Ἆ(lift-off 3mm)⩪▶⯲ Eqs. (5)~(7)Ḗ 㙏㨎 ⩕⩎ ▾Ⱚ☧∞㢆⯲ 㨎▷ᅊᆖⰎ. Fig. 2-24(a)ᜮ
❾Ⲷ ዒⰎႚ 180mm, 㢇Ⰾ 150mm, ዤⰎႚ 200mmⰒ Ⱚ㫮ዊḖ 㙏㨎 ❶㩲㡒⯞ Ⱚ㫮 㧲⪆ ⩕⯚ ❾㩲ᅊᆖⰎ.
❾㩲ᅊᆖ⫚ 㨎▷ᅊᆖ⩪ ⯲㧲Ἆ, ▾Ⱚ☧ ∞㢆ᜮ Ⱚ㫮ዊ⯲ Ⱚና ᧦ῒ⩪ 㪞Ⲛ㰢 ዊ⭒⩎Ⳓ Ⱒᅺ, ᅊ㨂⩪ ⯲㧶 ▾Ⱚ☧∞㢆ᜮ Ṿ⭊ ₒ⨗㧲ዊ ᧦ῒ⩪ ႚ❶㫮 㧺 ⚲
⩠. 㨎▷ᅊᆖ⫚ ❾㩲ᅊᆖ ὂᣪ ▾Ⱚ☧ ∞㢆(VH)⩪▶ᜮ ᅊ㨂⯞ ሆ∞㧺 ⚲ ⩠⩢
. ኒᲆᔲ ᅊ㨂 ⶖ⮞⯲ ▾Ⱚ☧ ∞㢆 ⅚㫮ᜮ Ⱆⲯ㧲ዊ ᧦ῒ⩪ Fig. 2-25⩪▶ ᜮ
₮⫚ ႳⰎ Ⱚ㫮㨿⯖ᳶ ₒ∞㧶 VH/xⰎ⭃㧲⪆ ᅊ㨂 ⲯḖ ㈮㈶㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ.
⸣, Ⱚ㫮ዊ⯲ Ⱚና⯖ᳶ Ⱂ㧶 ▾ Ⱚ☧⯚ Eq. (8)ᳶ 㣶㪞㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ⯖Ἂ, ᅊ㨂⯞
㢆㨂㧲ᜮ ❶㩲㡒⩪ ⯲㧶 ▾ Ⱚ☧⯚ Eq. (9)ᳶ 㣶㪞㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ.
/ 2
2 2 2 3/ 2
0 / 2 0
/ 2
2 2 2 3/ 2
/ 2 0
4 {( / 2) ( ) }
4 {( / 2) ( ) }
c c
C c
c c
c
l y d
yoke l y
c
l y d
l y
c
m z u
B dudy
x w y z u
m z u
x w y z u dudy
T SP
SP
³ ³
³ ³
(8)
(a) ❾㩲 ᅊᆖ (b) 㨎▷ ᅊᆖ
Fig. 2-25 Ⲛ㕞☦Ⴏ ❶㩲㡒⯲ VH/x Ⱚዊ⪛╛
-50 0 50
x -40
-20 0
2040 y
-0.4 -0.2
0 0.2
0.4
Bz -40
-20 0 y 20
/ 2
2 2 2 3/ 2
0 / 2 0
/ 2
2 2 2 3/ 2
/ 2 0
4 {( / 2) ( ) }
4 {( / 2) ( ) }
c c
C c
c c
c
l y d
spec l y
c
l y d
l y
c
m z u
B dudy
x w y z u
m z u
x w y z u dudy
T SP
SP
³ ³
³ ³
(9)
1 1
[ ] 1 [ ] [ ] [ ]
i i i i
yoke spec i yoke spec i yoke yoke spec spec
H
B B B B B B B B
Const V x
| w w
(10)
Ⰾᄝ⯞ Ⱚ㫮 㨿⯖ᳶ ₒ∞㧶 ᅊᆖᜮ Eq. (10)⯖ᳶ 㣶㪞㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ. Ⱚ㫮ዊ⯲
Ⱚና⩪ ⯲㧶 ▾ Ⱚ☧⯚ ⅚㫮ႚ Ⱆⲯ㧲⪆ Constant⩪ ႚዷᅺ, Ṧ⨗ Constant⩪ ‘0’
Ⴌ⯞ √⪆㧲Ἆ ᅊ㨂⩪ ⯲㧶 VH/x⯲ ᠊Ⰾ㗊Ṧ 㣶㪞㧺 ⚲ Ⱒ⩎ ᄚ╆ ᠊Ⰾ㗊⨫⯞
㬧ዊⲛ⯖ᳶ Ⱆ ⚲ Ⱒ⯞ ᄝⰎ. ⸣, ▾Ⱚ☧ ∞㢆⯲ Back ground data ⌖ⶖᜮ ᄝ ᆖ Ⴓ⯚ ዊ⯞ 㧶 ᅊᆖⲛ⯖ᳶ VH/xᜮ ᅊ㨂⩪ ⯲㧶 ▾ Ⱚ☧⯲ ⅚㫮ᱣṦ ⩕
⯞ ⚲ Ⱒ.
DPMA⯞ ╆⭃㧲⁚ᳶ⠂ Ⱚ㫮㨿Ⰾ Ⰾᶂᜮ ႛᡞ, ᅊ㨂⯲ គἎ, 㪯╛ ₩ ⶫᅊ 㨂⯲ ❾㩲ᅊᆖ⫚ ⋞❑㧶 㨎▷ ᅊᆖḖ ⩕⩢. ᰖ▶ ⲯ○ⲛⰒ 㡣ႚႚ ႚ㧲Ἂ,
VH/xᜮ ᅊ㨂 ⲯ ㈮㈶⩪ ᅊⲯⲛ ⰒⰪⰎ.