ᕮኖ⼢Ϯંኖ⼢ϮႺ⺲ᕮኖϮ↯मᅪᵿἏⵎᨆὶல။ⵆં
ல၊ᤊᕮ(父)Ḯኖ(母)ᶾѺேⵊպᆚᅪᕮᷚⵆં லὢ. ⅷᕮኖ⼢Ϯ ல
ં؞ᶾᷚᶾѺᆺϮઓᵿἏἲỲⵊ०ே᫊ϲὪ᫊`ὢᶾ ѺலேὪⵆѺ`ẗఆᶢᕮኖպἲᓢᾓⵖӪே᫊ᶾᵿ⮷`ᓲ
ⷲἲ⦣ⵢᷚ०ேպἲ↶`Ἢ၊ᓢᾓⵆӎⵊ. ᕮኖ⼢Ϯં1974ल᪒ Ỗୢᶾᤊ Ϯᾓ ሪ΅ லέఆᶶӎ, 1996ल Ἆᷞⵗᶾᤊ ᕮኖ⼢Ϯታဧ(the Parental Leave Directive of 1996)ὢ⣋ఊὢ⺲૮ᕮᕲἎ՛Ϯᶾலέ ఆᶶ(Leria, 2002 ; ἒ⸻᫋, 2006: 253 ᾚὦẗ).
ⵊ⮦ᕮኖ⼢ϮպᆚંЊᒲպᆚḮϮ պᆚંాϮ↮ᐗ᫋⸪ⵗ
⸃⣊၊ ӣఊ. Њᒲպᆚᐗ᫋ἮᕮኖϮϯϯὪ ؞ϲἲὢẗⵆல။ⵆં
ᐆቢ, Ϯ պᆚંᕮኖⷿⵆᶾ⼢Ϯ؞ϲἲὢẗⵆўࢆᕲⵎᢚẗⵎᨆὶ ல။ⵊ. Ὢᐆ`Ἢ၊Ϯ պᆚ၊ ӣఆંҫẞં૮ᕮᕲ؞ϲἲ⃪၊ᷚ
ὢᢚẗⵆંҞӪᅪ⓶྆ⵆᎮ၊ᕮኖ⼢Ϯ ⺖Ӫ၊ᤊᵿ⮷`ᓲ
ᶾᓢ⃪ኗⵎҫẞЊᒲպᆚϮЃ⁞ఆંҫⶓὢὶ. ᕮኖ⼢Ϯ૮ᴲேᷞ
ဧἮ1ᤦᶾᤊ8ᤦغ↮ᵿⵆ, ⼢↯ᷚೋ૮⒢Ἦ૮Њ70% ὢὢ. צ
[]
c㧥G ܳTXTXeG ⺅ⰝዶⳡG ⌉‱㲽ᆉⶥ᥍OYWXXPG
⃪: ०ᅢỖὢંᕮኖϮ᫊ϲ ၊Ὢⵎҫẞᶾંᕮኖே᫊ᢚẗϮઓ(39⃪/29⃪)
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G [^
՛Ϯ ளὪ ०ᅢỖὢ ᪒Ỗୢ ᒖ؞ᶾ ೊ
պᆚҗ Њὦպᆚ Њὦպᆚ Њὦպᆚ Ϯ պᆚ Ϯ պᆚ
؞ϲ 8⃪ 8⃪ 8⃪ ऒў⫞ᗺ ᐗ
᫋(90Ὢ▃)
⯚↮⫞ᗺᐗ᫋
(1~12Ὢᷞᾓ)
ೋ૮⒢ 66% 100% 80% 37% 66%
Ἆᷞ ᓢᾓ ᓢᾓ ᓢᾓ ᓢᾓ ᓢᾓ
ᕮኖ⼢Ϯ லᅪ⦣ⵊ⼢↯ὢẗἲἎலⵆ؞Ỳⵊᓢ`ק`ὦ⁞♆
၊ᤊᴲᑲ↮ⵎ૧ ⅷἏᴲ⼢↯؞ϲὪ ؞ϲὢἲᴲᑲ↮ᆺᢚẗⵆல
။ⵆં லϮ⹃૮ఆં▂ᤦὢ. ே லંᕮኖ⼢ϮϮᆫ`Ἢ၊ ல⹂
ఆᶶἺᶾலᕶ՚ⵆӎ லὢẗϮ૮ᕮᕲᷚὢᶢᤊ⺖ᶾⵊҲᅪ↮
ᶾഞཪᴲᑲ↮ᶾѺᆺ`ẗఆં⼢↯ἲЃ ⹂ⵊѱὢ. 1993ल०ᅢỖὢᶾᤊ
╊⓶၊லέఆᶶἪ, 1995ल᪒Ỗୢᶾலέఆᶶ. ὢ⺲ⵎ૧؞ϲἮ῾␖`Ἢ
၊ ⹃૮ఆ, ᴲᑲ↮ ὢẗல ↋Ϯⵆં ▂ᤦᅪ ᓢὦ(ἒ⸻᫋‧ᦏᷯ․خ ὦᨇ, 2012: 129).
ᴲᑲ↮ⵎ૧ ંాϮ↮ᐗ᫋Ἢ၊Ảẗఊ. ⒙⇦, ०ᅢỖὢ, ᪒Ỗୢ, ளὪӪ
ЇὢἏᴲ⼢↯؞ϲ⪧ ؞ϲἲᕮኖϯϯЊᒲպᆚ၊ᤊᕮᷚⵆંᐗ᫋Ἢ
၊, ὢഺⵎ૧ఊ؞ϲἮᅦᕮંኖᶾѺᵿலⵎᨆᶴ(ἒ⸻᫋·ᦏᷯ·خ ὦᨇ, 2010: 130-132). ०ᅢỖὢᴲᑲ↮ⵎ૧ ં1993ल4⃪ᶾᤊ2009ल6⃪
2011ल 12⃪၊ ῾␖ ⹃૮ⵢṂં, צ ҞӪ ०ᅢỖὢ ⼢ϮᢚẗἮ
97%ᶾⵆંѱἪ၊ࢆ⢮ࢊ(⸻ᪧᴲ·ὢὦᤎ, 2012: 18). ⵊ᪒ỖୢἮ؞
Ἇᴲ⼢↯؞ϲἲ4⃪ᷞᾓⵆቢᤊᕮኖϯϯᶾѺ8⃪ᴗⵎ૧ⵆӎὶἪ, ளὪἮ
2007लᶾᕮኖϯϯᶾѺ8⃪ϲ؞ϲἲⵎ૧ⵆંᐗ᫋Ἢ၊ லᅪலέⵆᷮ
(ἒ⸻᫋‧ᦏᷯ‧خὦᨇ, 2012: 130). ా ᑶ⇦ં ೊḮ Їὢ ᕮኖ⼢Ϯ Ὢ
؞ϲἲ ᴲᑲ↮Ϯ ᢚẗⵆᷮἲ ഺ, Ἆ ᕮኖ⼢Ϯ ؞ϲἲ ᷞᾓⵢ⃪ં ᐗ᫋ὢ.
ೊҫẞᴲᑲ↮Ϯᕮኖ⼢Ϯᅪᢚẗⵎҫẞ1~12ὪᢚὢᶾᤊἎᕮኖ⼢
ϮϮᷞᾓఊ(ἒ⸻᫋‧ᦏᷯ‧خὦᨇ, 2012: 131).
ὢ՛Ϯᴲᑲ↮ⵎ૧ Ảẗᐗ᫋ἲᘲԾⵆቢἺ<ⱊⅢ-1-2>ḮЇ.
c㧥G ܳTXTYeG ⫍∍⽉G 㫩ᢂⶥG ⰽⰲG ↲⡦aG ᎹᆍG 㫩ᢂⶥ⯉G ⴁ⛅㡹⎕G ↲⡦ⳍG ⡵ⳅᷥG
[_
c㧥G ܳTXTZeG ⺅ⰝዶⳡG ∞G ⌉⚺㲽ᆉⶥ᥍OYWXXPG
Ⴚ: Moss(2011) ; ⸻ᪧᴲ·ὢὦᤎ(2012). Ἇᴲ␦ᷚ⹊⹂ᅪỲⵊ லЊᤎᐗᴶ.
pp. 24-26 ᾚὦẗᾚ՚.
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G [`
ᕮ⼢Ϯ லં૮ᕮᕲ՛Ϯᶾᤊ லலέὢ⺲⼢Ϯᢚẗὢ↋Ϯ
▂ᤦᅪᓢὢંѱἪ၊ᕲᤋఊ(Moss 2011 ; ⸻ᪧᴲ․ὢὦᤎ, 2012: 27 ᾚὦẗ).
⪧⽶०ᅢỖὢ, ೊ, ᪒Ỗୢᶾᤊંῲ⒢૮2/3 ὢὢᕮ⼢Ϯ ᅪ ᢚẗⵆᷮἪ, ὢ ०ᅢỖὢ ὢẗἮ 2009ल ؞⃮Ἢ၊ 89%ᶾ
ⵆંѱἪ၊ࢆ⢮ࢊ.
ᘡUG ⴅ⊁G ☵᷉G
Ὢᓦ「Ἇᴲ·Њ⸦⼢ᶳᒃ」Ἦ 1991ल (1992ल ᫊)ఊ ὢ⺲ Ӯဖᒃ(ӎẗ ᓢⷆᒃ)ἲ⯚ⵖⵆᷚᷚ࿚␖ီЊ ఆᶶં, Њ ࢢẗⵣἮೋ૮⒢
ⶓ⁞ Ӫ⼢↯Ѓ⹂ὢ. ⅷ2001लೋ૮⒢Ἦ40%ᷮἪࢆ2007ल
ὢ⺲ં50%၊ⶓ⁞ ఆᶶἪ, 2009लЊ ἲ⦣ⵢ‘ᶲᆶ·ᴲᙎἏᴲ⼢ᶳ⳺
࿚᪒ ல’ᅪலέⵢ⼢↯ἲἎலⵆဒં᫊லϮὢზᶢ›(ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊
⪦⸶⮆ὢ↮).6) 2009ल「Ἇᴲ·Њ⸦⼢ᶳᒃ」Њ ᶾഞཪ2010ल6Ểᕮ⤞2ЊỂ
⼢ϮંᕮᕮϮኖἏᴲ⼢↯ἲᢚẗⵆંҫẞᶾᆺἏᴲ⼢↯؞ϲἲ↮غ
↮ᣋ⺲1लᶾᤊ1ल2ЊỂغ↮ᷞᾓⵎᨆὶѺఆᶶ. ⵊῲᶳ⃪ᕮὦᐞ ẞཪலἏᴲ⼢↯ἲᢚẗⵎᨆὶல။ታ᫊ⵖἪ၊᭖⼢↯ᶾ૮ⵊպᆚᅪЊᒲպ ᆚ⹂ⵆᷮ.
ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦⸶⮆ὢ↮Ⴚ7)ᅪ⦎૮၊Ὢᓦ「Ἇᴲ·Њ⸦⼢ᶳᒃ」
ᵿἏ␦ᷚӮဖᢚⵛἲᓢ՚⒢`Ἢ၊ᢢ⮢ᓢቢἺӪЇ.
□ ἏᴲㆍЊ⸦⼢ᶳ ல
मϮ1ᤦ(Ὢ ⵊҫẞં1ᤦᐆ)ᶾⵎഺغ↮(ᕮኖϮⵖۆἏᴲ⼢ᶳἲ◖
ೋⵎҫẞંमϮ1ᤦ2ЊỂᶾⵎഺغ↮1लேᴶ‘ᴲᙎ‧ᶲᆶἏᴲ⼢ᶳ
⳺࿚᪒’Ἇᴲ⼢↯պᆚᅪᓢᾓⵊ. ⵊ૮Ϯ 1ὦᶾ૮ⵆ᫊ᷚЊ⸦
ϮⴲẂⵊ⹗ᆶᇒ1, ⦣ᢞ93Ὢغ↮Њ⸦⼢ᶳպᆚᅪᓢᾓⵊ.
Ἇᴲ⼢↯ җἮ Ҳᵫ↯ᶾல ᕮᷚఆ, ᴲࢢϮ Ἇᴲ⼢↯ ὦ ҫẞ, צᆚӎᴲࢢϮῲᶳ⃪ᕮὦҫẞᶾலϮઓⵆ. ⅷҲᵫ↯؞ϲἲ ⵢᤊӎ ẗఆંת၊லᫎ⒛᫊῾ᶾᤊ1) ேὪᢚᶳ⃪ᶾѺҲӎẗఊ؞ϲὢ1लὢ
6) ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦⸶⮆ὢ↮‘ἏᴲЊ⸦⼢ᶳᒃЊẂ’ ᐊⱊႺ http://ikumen-project.jp/pdf/ikumen_law.pdf (ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ) 7) ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦⸶⮆ὢ↮‘ἏᴲЊ⸦⼢ᶳᒃЊẂ’ ᐊⱊႺ http://ikumen-project.jp/pdf/ikumen_law.pdf (ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ)
\W
आં ҫẞ 2) मϮ 1ᤦᶾ ⵆં ࢎ(ᣋὪ ῲࢎ) आᶢᤊ Ҳ ӎẗఆં ѱὢ
᷶ఆંҫẞᶾં⼢↯ᫎ⒛ὢϮઓⵆ.
Ἇᴲ⼢↯ᫎ⒛⺍ᨆં⪧ᒲⵊᢚ ὢᶴંⵊ1ὦमᶾ૮ⵢ1ὢࢆ,
ᢚϮᒲலᕲⵎ◖ೋὢϮઓⵆல။ⶶẗⵆંҫẞᶾંᕲⵎᢚẗὢϮઓⵆ.
ⵊἏᴲ⼢↯ἮᒃᅎὢᓢᾓⵆંպᆚὢᎮ၊ᢚᶳ⃪ંצ◖ೋἲўᕮ․ ⵊ ⵎᨆᶴ.
□ ᫊ϲתጢ⁞♆
3ᤦᶾᏦᆺमᅪᵿἏⵆંת၊ᶾ૮ⵢ᫊ϲתጢ⁞♆(1ὪẾ♇6᫊
ϲ)ᅪጢ⹂ⵆӎ, ᫊Њ⸦ᅪⴲẂ၊ⵆંϮ Њ⸦ᅪⵆંת၊ᶾѺᢚ ᶳ⃪ંἺⵊϮ↮⁞♆ᅪ◖ⵆல။ ⵆӎὶ.
- ᫊ϲתጢ ல - ⳺᪒⢮ὲ
- ᫊ㆍႺ᫊ϲ▃, ᷞᾓ - Њ⸦ᘲẗẾ⁞⁞♆
□ ᫊ϲṦת၊ ⵊ
⓶ⵇԾ ◖ⵇ ῲ मᅪ ᵿἏ ં Њ⸦ⵆં ת၊Ϯ ⒛՚ⵊ ҫẞ1ЊỂ
ᶾ24᫊ϲ, 1लᶾ150᫊ϲἲआં᫊ϲṦת၊ᅪ ⵊⵊ.
□ Ṧת၊ቢ
3ᤦᏦᆺमᅪᵿἏⵆંת၊Ϯ⒛՚ⵊҫẞ Ṧת၊ᅪቢ ⵊ.
□ ᵪᶳ ⵊ
⓶ⵇԾ◖ⵇῲغ↮मᅪᵿἏⵆўࢆંЊ⸦ᅪⵆંת၊Ϯ⒛՚
ⵆᷮἲҫẞᶾᵪᶳἲ ⵊⵊ. ⅷ⓶ⵇԾ◖ⵇῲमᅪᵿἏⵆંת၊
ંᵪᶳጢቢ ᅪ⒛՚ⵎᨆὶἪ, 1⒛՚؞⃮1ЊỂὢ6ЊỂὢ ⵆ၊Ϯઓⵆ.
□ मϲ⸦⼢Ϯ ல
⓶ⵇԾ◖ⵇῲमϮ1ὦὦҫẞંᷞϲ5Ὢ, 2ὦὢὦҫẞંᷞϲ10 Ὢⵊலࢢᶾᤊϲ⸦⼢Ϯᅪᕮᷚⵢᵪⵊ.
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G \X
□ ῲתᶾ૮ⵊᐞဒ
ת၊ᅪῲת᫊⢚ҫẞἏᴲંЊ⸦⹗ᶾ૮ⵢᐞဒⵊ.
□ ᕶὢὣ⁞♆↮
Ἇᴲ⼢ᶳἲ◖ೋⵊѱἲὢἎ၊ⵆંⵢӎ, צᐄᕶὢὣ◖ἲ↮ⵊ
. ᕶὢὣ⁞♆ᢚီ၊ંἺἲᨆὶ.
- ⵢӎ
- ؞ϲἲ ⵢᤊӎẗఆંᶾ૮ⵢҲᵫПᫎἲⵆ↮ᴸἺ
- ᏦᆚҲᵫПᫎ⺍ᨆⵊὢታ᫊ఆᶢὶંҫẞⵢ૧⺍ᨆᅪὲ
- ⧢↯ં ↯↯Ếἲ⫺⪦⢮ὲת၊ḮЇἮᘲ ᢚẾἪ၊ⵆંת
၊ҲᵫࢢẗᒮҫἲЃẂⵖ - ⣋૮؞ታⵖ
- ת၊Ϯ⽚ᇋⵆં؞ϲὢં⽚ᇋᶾᐆⵆં Ṧת၊
- ↯ỲЃ
- Ͼંᷚᶾᤊᕶὢὣᢞ ἲⵖ - ᪧ↲ㆍᪧҗὦᢚӎӪᶾᤊᕶὢὣ⮷Ϯᅪⵖ - ᕶὢὣᐞ♆ᒮҫἲⵖ
ⵊ⮦「Ἇᴲ‧Њ⸦⼢ᶳᒃ」ᶾᤊંᢚᶳ⃪ᶾѺ؞ᶳῲ⒢ӎẗӮᆚᐗ♖ᶾ ᤊὪӪϮ ᵿᆫἲݮⵆ؞Ỳⵊᢚᶳἲ؞ⵆӎᶳጢᅪૢ૧ⵆં‘↯ᶳϮ ᵿᆫ▂↲’ᅪᤎὲⵆல။०ဓⵆல။ ⵆӎὶ(ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦⸶⮆
ὢ↮ http://ikumen-project.jp). ὢḮ Ӯဖⵆᷚ ⺲ᣋ०ேᶾᤊં ؞ᶳ ῲ⒢
ὦᢚ०ጢӮᆚᶾ૮ⵢᤊὲἲϮ↲ᢚེᤎὲἲպӎⵆӎὶ. ⵊỲ
⁞♆ᶾ૮ⵊ؞ᶳ`ק`ὦ⒊ἲỲⵢ‘Ὢᐆᢚᶳ⃪ேҲ(ὢⵆ‘ே
Ҳ’)‘ ⅷ ؞ᶳὢ「␖ᤦ૮Ἇ↮Ế૮▂↲ᒃ」ᶾ έϯⵆᷚ ↯Ế ὪӪ ᵿἏ
ᵿᆫἲݮⵆ؞Ỳⵆᷚ ⵆંҲἲᨆᆫⵆல။Ẃ՚ⵆӎὶ. ᫊ӎ ẗ↯Ếὢ101ὦὢὦ؞ᶳᶾંேҲἲᨆᆫⵆᷚὪᐆᶾӣⱊⵆӎ↯Ế ᶾ⃪↮ⵆலலᕮⷲ०ே՛ᶾᫎӎⵆல။ጢ⹂ⵆӎὶ.
\Y
YUG ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG ☵⭎G ↘G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱ
╊תἏᴲ⼢↯⹊⹂ᅪỲⵊὪᓦᢚီḮ, Ꮶ՛Ӫᷯ՛ᴲᑲ↮ᵿ Ἇ␦ᷚ⹊⹂ᅪỲⵊ `०ဓ, צᆚӎϯ՛ẞᨆ↮ᷛᢚီἲᢢ⮢ᓢ ᵆ. ὢ ᢚီં צ ▂↲ ᐞҫӪ ὢाὢ ὢⵊ ☏ቢὢ ὶἪࢆ, ὢḮ
ጢӮⵆѺᓢ⮦`Ἢ၊`ẗϮઓⵊ ᫊ᢚ῾ᶾⵊⵆ⃪ᷚኗⵆӎⵊ.
ᆉUG ⴅ⊁G
ὪᓦἮ2010लЊ ఊ「Ἇᴲ‧Њ⸦⼢ᶳᒃ」᫊ἲҲ؞၊ᴲᑲ↮ᵿἏ␦
ᷚᶾ૮ⵊᢚ`Ӯἲӎ⁞᫊⢒ӎ‘ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦’ᅪᐊ⓷·▂↲ὢ.
Ὢᓦ ⺲ᣋ०ே⒛ ⸶⮆ὢ↮ Ⴚ8)ᅪ ⦎૮၊ ᤦⵊ ࢢẗἲ ᢢ⮢ᓢቢ ἺӪ
Ї.
XPG ⳽㕩ῡG 㪍ᷥⶦ㡁
⺲ᣋ०ே ӎẗㆍᴲேϮ ՛Ἦ 2010लலᕮ⤞ 'ὢ⟎ቆ Ⳳ၊⪦‘ᅪ ؞
ⵆᷚ▂↲ὢ. 'ὢ⟎ቆ'ἮमᵿἏἲⅾ؞؞ᫎலᾓⵆં
(ંᾓ྆צ࿚ⵊὦᣋἲ⽚ᇋⵆં)ἲ༩ⵊ. ேⳲ၊⪦ં‘⢒ẞં
ϮϮ ἲᐂު. ᢚϮẮ↯ὦ’ ཪં၊ѢἲࢢѦӎὶ.
ᆉPG ㌝⽍G ቆኅG
Ὢᓦᵫ30%ϮἏᴲ⼢↯ἲẾⵆંѱἪ၊ࢆ⢮ࢆ↮ᆺ, Ἇᴲ⼢↯
ἲ◖ೋⵊᘲἮᢚ╊ӎ♆ᅪ؞။ⵊ2011लᶾல2.63%ᶾᕶӪⵆᷮ.9) ὢ
⒆ ࢜Ἦ Ἇᴲ⼢↯ ὢẗ၊ ὦⵢ 2010ल 6Ểᶾ ఊ ‘ᫎᾓῲ
ྣ’(2010ल6Ể18ὪϯҞ )ᶾᤊંἏᴲ⼢↯◖ೋᅎኗⱊ♆ᅪ2020 लலغ↮13%၊՚⒢`Ἢ၊ ᫊ⵆᷮ.
ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦ંὢ⒆Ἇᴲ⼢↯◖ೋ⓷↲ἲỲⵊ↯ᾓὢࢆ↮
ᷛᶾᤊ᫋ҲᐊӪ, ᵿἏ␦ᷚᶾ૮ⵊᢚ`ᕲỲ؞ᅪ⁞ⵆဒંኗ
8) Ὢᓦ⺲ᣋ०ே⸶⮆ὢ↮‘ᢚᶳ⁞ᢚҞӪЊẂ’ ᐊⱊႺ
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/dl/71-23r-03.pdf (ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ) 9) Ὢᓦ⺲ᣋ०ே⸶⮆ὢ↮‘ᢚᶳ⁞ᢚҞӪЊẂ’ ᐊⱊႺ
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/dl/71-23r-03.pdf (ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ)
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G \Z
`Ἢ၊᫊ఆᶶ. 2011लலᶾં↮ᐗ♆⒢ࢆᏪϲ؞ᶳᶾᤊᵿ Ἇ␦ᷚᅪỲⵊᢚ⹆ҫ⁞ἲỲⵊᐊ`०ဓ⹃ᢞἲ▂՚ⵆӎὶ.
ᘡPG ㌝⽍G ⴁᶮG
Ⳳ၊⪦ ᐗ♖ὢࢆ ࢢẗ ἲ ϯ`Ἢ၊ Ѯ⦎ⵆӎ ⸻ᓢ, ▂↲ⵆ؞ Ỳⵢ
ᵿⵊᕲᵪᶾᤊ⹊ᵫὦῲጦϮ၊՚ఊ▂↲⫮ἲ՚․Ảᷯⵊ.
ᡭPG 㯑㤡⳽⽉G ⺅ⰝG 㓡㛙㎩
ேⳲ၊⪦⸶⮆ὢ↮⃪Ẃ❆⤾☎ંἺӪЇὢ՚ఊ.
³G ὢ⟎ቆᤎᶦ: ᓢἏἲⅾ؞ӎὶં, ંᓢἏ␦ᷚⵆဒંҞࢆ
ἲ‘ὢ⟎ቆᤎᶦ’Ἢ၊။ⵖ
³G ὢ⟎ቆᤊ⯚⤞ᤎᶦ: ЊὦӪ؞ᶳ‧⒢2ᅆᤊ⯚⤞ᤎᶦὢὶ. Њὦᤊ
⯚⤞ંὢ⟎ቆᓦὦὢᴲᴲࢢࢆ⁞ᕮኖἲ૮Ἢ၊ⵆ, ὢ⟎ቆᶾ૮ ⵊἿẾቂ᫊↮ἲ။ⵖ. ؞ᶳ‧⒢ᤊ⯚⤞ંὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦◖↮ᅪ
↮↮ⵆં؞ᶳㆍ⒢Ϯὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦ࢆὢ⟎ቆᶾ૮ⵊἿẾቂ᫊↮ᅪ
။ⵖ
³G ἏᴲㆍἏᴲ⼢↯⒢ⷆૢ: ἏᴲࢆἏᴲ⼢↯ҫⷆἲ။ⵖ
³G ὢ⟎ቆᒲ: ὢ⟎ቆᤎᶦἲⵊᢚེὢ⨚ӎⵊἏᴲ‧Ἇᴲ⼢↯⒢ⷆૢᶾᤊ
▂↲⫮ᶾᤊᤎ ⵆᷚ‘ὢ⟎ቆᒲ’၊ᤊᢚὢ⪦ᶾЊⵖ
2012ल5Ể25Ὢ᫊῾ᶾᤊ။Ѣᨆંὢ⟎ቆ။1,559Ѣ, ὢ⟎ቆᤊ⯚
⤞(Њὦ) 403Ѣ, ὢ⟎ቆᤊ⯚⤞(؞ᶳㆍ⒢) 460Ѣὢ.
ⵊ⮦2012लலᕮ⤞⹃▗ఊ⸶⮆ὢ↮⃪Ẃ❆⤾☎ંἺӪЇ.
³G ὢ⟎ቆᤊ⯚⤞။Ѣᨆ: ὢ⟎ቆᤊ⯚⤞؞ᶳ‧⒢Ϯ⁞↯ࢢᶾᤊ᫊ὦ
⹊ே(՚⒢`Ἢ၊ંὪⵆቢᤊᴶⵆӎᵿἏⵎᨆὶં↯ᾓ⹆ҫ ᘲᅪỲ ⵊ லலέὢࢆὢẗἲ↮↮ⵆંᢚီ)ἲ။ⵖ
³G ὢ⟎ቆ Ⳳ၊⪦ ࣾ: ϯ↮ᶾᤊ ᫊ఆӎ ὶં ὢᒒ⪦ ⹗ὢࢆ ӮҲ, ῲጦϮ, ΅ታὦቂ᫊↮ᅪேᷯἪ၊ᓪᨆὶἺ
³G ὢ⟎ቆӣ᫋ᦏ“Ϯ ࠶”: ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦ӣ᫋ᦏἪ၊⸶⮆ὢ↮ᶾᤊ
Ả၊ೊϮϮઓⵖ10)
³G ӣ᫋⪦Ỳ⤞Ảᷯ11)
10) ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦⸶⮆ὢ↮http://ikumen-project.jp/song/index.html (ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ)
\[
³G ⸶⮆ὢ↮ᆚᶪ/♾ᆛ⤞(ὢ⟎⠾ὢ⟒) ᾓ12) YPG ⬅ὑᆉ㙉㮍G ☵᷉G
Ὢᓦ ᵪᆶϮ⢮ⷲἮ ᵿἏ ␦ᷚ ⓷↲ἲ Ỳⵊ ᵿⵊ ᢚᶳἲ Ỳ⢯ⵆᷚ
▂↲ⵆӎ, Ἇᴲ⼢↯ἲ ⵆં ᴲᑲ↮ᶾѺ ᾓဒἲ ↮ⵆ, ↮ᷛࢢ Ὢ·Ϯ ᵿᆫ↮Ếᶾ ०ဓἲ ؞Ầὢં ؞ᶳἲ ↮Ếⵆӎ ὶ. ᵪᆶϮ⢮ⷲ ⸶⮆ὢ↮ Ⴚ13)ᅪ⦎૮၊ᤦⵊࢢẗἲᢢ⮢ᓢቢἺӪЇ.
ᆉPG ⬅ὑᆉ㙉㮍G ⲍ㙊G ˄⬅ὑᆉ㙉G ⳽㕩ῡG Ὥᶮ⭎G ☵⭎˅X[P
ᓦᢚᶳ◖↮ંᇌᑺὢᤦ૮Ϯ↋Ϯⵆં⹗ᶾᤊमᷛⵎὦ᫋ὢࢆ
↯ᾓཪὢⳲ᪒⢮Ὢἲᐂަӎᴲᑲ↮Ϯ`ק`Ἢ၊मᵿἏӪϮ ᣋ
⹊ᶾӮᷚ⦎။ⵆંѱὢ. ⵊᶢሦશᓢἏᶾ૮ⵊᕶᴶϾㆍᕮૢϾἲҫϾ
᫊⢒؞ỲⵢमᵿἏ᫊΅ⵢẂὦἲ⁞ᢚ‧ᕲᤋⵆᷚצ⣊ᅪ⫺ᴳ ⵆӎ, צᅪЊᤎⵆ؞Ỳⵊ᫋Њⷯἲ⓷↲ⵆ, ᵿἏὦᴲᑲ↮, ؞ ᶳ, ↮ᷛ, NPO ᒃὦἪ၊՚ఊऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ᅪ՚▃ⵆӎὢᓢἏᶾ␦ᷚⵎ
ᨆὶં⹆ҫ⁞ἲ▂↲ⵊ.
ᵿἏ␦ᷚᅪ⓷↲ⵆ؞Ỳⵢ՚⒢`Ἢ၊Ἲᶳጢᅪ▂↲ⵊ.
³G ᓢἏ␦ᷚᓢҲᐊ: ↯ẾᓢἏ␦ϮϮ⹊⹂ఆல။؞ᶳӪ
ᷞҲⵊὪӪᓢἏᵿᆫ↮Ế૮Ἷ⓷↲
³G ↯Ế૮ᓢἏ␦ᷚ⓷↲ᤦᏦࢆЊ╊: ᓢἏ␦ᷚே؞⹃ᢞἲ
ỲⵢᓢἏ␦ᷚ⓷↲ᶾӮⵊᤦᏦࢆᏽԾᅆЊ╊
³G ᓢἏ‧Ϯᢚᶾ`ק`ὦ␦ᷚᅪἎலⵆંủᢚὢ⪦՚▃: ᶾѺἎὣ ⵊ ᓢ ӣ
³G ᵪᆶϮ⢮ⷲὢ⟎ቆЊἏᴲ␦Ϯẞᨆᢚီ❆⤾☎
³G ↮ᷛὢࢆ؞ᶳᶾᤊᓢἏ␦ᷚ↮ẾЊ❆⤾☎
11) ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦⪦Ỳ⤞ http://twitter.com/ikumen_project (ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ) 12) ὢ⟎ቆⳲ၊⪦⸶⮆ὢ↮http://ikumen-project.jp/(ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ) 13) ᵪᆶϮ⢮ⷲ⸶⮆ὢ↮http://ymsc-ikumen.net/business.html (ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ)
14) ታ♛: ᵪᆶϮ⢮ὢ⟎ቆᇒဓᶳᢚᶳ/ Ỳ⢯⒆: ӣὣᢚᒃὦᵪᆶϮ⢮ᒃὦ/ ᾚ↮:
ᵪᆶϮ⢮᫊ᴲ❂ᵪ⓶1-4-4 2F(ᵪᆶϮ⢮Ҟ⸪ᤊ⯚⪦ᤪ⤞ࢢ)
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G \\
ᘡPG Ⲫ⫍㲽⭎ⳍG ㍱ᩦ㫡G ᘱ⚺⭙G ᢉ㫥G ᶭ᎑G ⽉᎒O⬅ὑᆉ㙉G ⳽㕩ῡⳚⱙG G G G G G G G G 㪍ᷥⶦ㡁G Ⲫ⫍㲽⭎㍱ᩦᶭ᎑PX\P
ᴲᑲ↮ᵿἏ␦ᷚᅪ⓷↲ⵆӎᶢሦશᶾѺ⮦ఆ؞ᩚẢἏᴲᕮૢҫϾἲ
Ỳⵢⷲࢢᢚጢ‧ᢚᶳᶾתጢⵆંת၊ϮἏᴲ⼢ᶳἲ◖ೋⵆᷮἲҫ ẞᾓဒἲ↮ⵊ.
↮૮Ἦⷲࢢᢚጢ‧ᢚᶳᶾתጢⵆӎ2012ल4Ể1Ὢᕮ⤞2013ल3Ể
31ὪᢚὢᶾἏᴲ⼢ᶳἲ◖ೋⵊת၊(ⷲࢢᶾᢚંᢚེἪ၊ⷲṦᢚጢ
ㆍᢚᶳתጢல૮ᶾ⯚ⵖ)၊ᤊ, ᷞ7ὪὢἏᴲ⼢ᶳἲ◖ೋⵊὢ
. ӣጢẾἮ↮૮ᶾᤊ Ṧఆ, ᢚጢ‧ᢚᶳᶾᤊⷲὢ↮ ⵆ
ંẺ⡚ཪὢⳲᐦ᪒ӮဖᤦᏦࢆἲᨆЃⵢᵪⵊ. ‘मᴗᴗⵊᓢἏἿ Ếᤎᶦ؞ᶳ’, ‘ᵪᆶϮ⢮ᓢἏἿẾ⬖᪒⯚⪦ᢚᶳⷿ␚؞ᶳ’,「␖ᤦ૮Ἇ↮Ế ૮▂↲ᒃ」ᶾўⵊ‘Ὢᐆᢚᶳ⃪ேҲ’ ؞ᶳἮᤦᏦࢆᨆЃὢ
ቢ ఊ.
↮ᵏἮ⼢ᶳ؞ϲὢ1ЊỂᏦᆺὦҫẞં5ᆺ᷂, ⼢ᶳ؞ϲ1ЊỂὢὦ
ҫẞં10ᆺ᷂ὢ.
ᡭPG ⴅ½ᆉG ⬚⽉ⱙG Ꮉ⭎G ᢉ♊G ⽉ⱙG
Ὢ·Ϯ ᵿᆫ↮Ếᶾ०ဓἲ؞Ầὢં؞ᶳᶾ૮ⵢᤊંᾓဒ↮, ᢞᶳ
ἣ, צᆚӎӮဖᢚᶳ▂↲ἲỲⵊῲጦϮᅪ ӣⵊ.
OXPG ᶭ᎑ⳡG ⽉᎒OᆊG X㰕⭙G 㫥㫡PX]PG
① ᷚἲ⒆ἺἪ၊Ӯᆚ↯(Ӫᾓ)ᶾẗⵊҫẞ20ᆺ᷂
② ᷚὢᶴ↮ᷛ, ᕲᵪᶾᷚἲ⒆ἺἪ၊ᐞ♆ⵊҫẞ10ᆺ᷂
③ Ἇᴲ⼢ᶳ◖ೋϮࢆḖҫẞ10ᆺ᷂
④ Ҟ⸪, ▊ᢞ, ἏᴲἪ၊⧢↯ⵊ↯Ếἲᾚӎẗⵊҫẞ10ᆺ᷂
⑤ ╊⓶Њ⸦⼢ᶳ◖ೋϮࢆḖҫẞ10ᆺ᷂
OYPG ☹⭎㯥⚺㯝⽉ⱙⴙ᎑O⬅ὑᆉ㙉㮍G ♊ቾ⭎G ⽍㳮ⴙ᎑P⭙G ⳡ㫥G Ⲿⴙ
؞ᶳᷚὦဓ⹊ẗ, ὪӪϮ ᵿᆫ↮Ế, मኖాὪⵆ؞⁹Ἦ⹆ҫ⁞
ᏽ↮⃪ᷛᏪᓢἏ↮Ế▂↲ἲỲⵊᢚᶳ(။᫊ᶾᫎӎⵊࢢẗ)ӪӮဖ 15) ᵪᆶϮ⢮ⷲὢ⟎ቆἿẾⳲ၊⪦⸶⮆ὢ↮
http://ymsc-ikumen.net/support.html (ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ) 16) ૮Ἦ ↯(ᢚᶳ⃪ંᢚᶳҫᷯૢ૧ Ṧ)
\]
ఊᘲẗἲ΅ᆚἣ⸊⣋ἲ ӣⵊ. 2012ल4Ể؞⃮Ἢ၊ὢἮ1.6%, ⵊல ᵏἮ1ᶣ5⒊ᆺ᷂(Ảῲ5⒊ᆺ᷂), ૮▊؞ϲἮᤒᘲҫẞ15ल(ў♆
2ल), Ảῲҫẞ7ल(ў♆2ल)ὢ. ૮؞ᶳἮẾ♇`Ἢ၊ⷲࢢᶾᓦ
῾(ં⃪ఊᢚᶳ)ὢὶં؞ᶳὢ.
OZPG Ꮉ⭎ⳡG ⴅᆉG ⬚⽉ⱙG ㌝⽍ⳍG ⲍ㫥G ⶍᆉG 㢕ስ
↮ᷛࢢ؞ᶳᶾᤊὪ․Ϯ ᵿᆫ⸃ἲ▂↲ⵆ؞ỲⵊῲጦϮ⫺ҚᶾⴲẂⵊ
ҫᘲᅪᕮૢⵊ.
צᐄᶾலमᵿἏἲ↮Ếⵆ؞Ỳⵢ⺲ᣋ०ேӪϯ↮⒢, ‘ᴲᑲ
↮ᓢἏἿẾNPO ⫺⫺ ’ ᫊Ꮺ⒢ϮⷿဓⵆᷚἏᴲ␦ᷚᅪ
Ỳⵊ⁺ૢ, ᤒታ, ϮᢚԾἏ, ᴲᑲ↮ᓢἏ↮ẾЃ᪣ἲ⹊ᐊⵆѺ↲ⵆӎὶ
. ⵊ2012लல⺲ᣋ०ேỲ⢯ᢚᶳἪ၊ᴲᑲ↮Ẻ⡚ཪὢⳲᐦ᪒ⵦೊ
ᕯἲ ⵆᷮἪ17), ↮ᷛᒲὢ⟎ቆᶾӮⵊ↮ⱊ(2009ल~2011लல)ᅪЊᐊⵆӎ
⺲ᣋ०ே↯ẾἏᴲ⼢ᶳ◖ೋᢚီ↿ἲᐊϲⵆӎὶ.
ᘡUG ↁዶ
╊תḒᐂᆶ ᕮϮ▂↲ὦᕮᾓဒ ⃪ẂࢢẗӪ, ẃ⃪(州)ᴲ ᑲ↮૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚီᅪᢢ⮢ᓢቢἺӪЇ.
XPG ⫢⌉
ᆉPG ⌉⚺G ㇎ⴍG ᆞ㯝ἅG ⲍ㫥G ′㧥⯉G ⶍᴾG ➡SG ⡭㈥G G G
Ꮶ՛Ḓᐂᆶ ᕮં╊תትलேᴶὲὶંᕮ(responsible fatherhood) ἲᾓဒⵆ؞Ỳⵊᒂᕮ⒆ϲᵿⵊ `०ဓἲ؞ẦᷚṂ. ேᢚᶳἮᴲ ᑲ↮ὢ ᤊ`, ҫ `ὲἲⵎᨆὶல။ᾓဒⵆӎ↮ẾⵆဒંѱἪ၊
՚⒢`Ἢ၊5Ϯ↮ ኗⱊḮ 3Ϯ↮ ῲྣἲ ᨆᆫⵆᷮ(The WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON, 2012). Ꮶ՛ᕮᢚὢ⪦18) Ⴚᅪ⦎૮၊ᤦⵊࢢẗἲᢢ
⮢ᓢቢἺ<ⱊⅢ-2-1>ḮЇ.
17) Ὢᓦ⺲ᣋ०ே⸶⮆ὢ↮ᴲᑲ↮Ẻ⡚ཪὢⳲᐦ᪒ⵦೊᕯ http://ikumen-project.jp/pdf/handbook.pdf (ѮᢷὪ2013ल4Ể20Ὢ)
18) Ꮶ՛ᕮᢚὢ⪦(fatherhood) http://www.fatherhood.gov/pdf 4-5. (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể13Ὢ)
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G \^
□ ኗⱊ
- मῲᐆ`ὦᢤᶾ `Ἢ၊ᷯⶓἲᨆὶல။ᴲᑲ↮ᶾѺ؞ᅪ
ӣⵊ.
- ΅ೋ☣ᴲᑲ↮ἲҫ `Ἢ၊↮ẾⵆᷚमᶾѺ⁹Ἦ⹆ҫἲ ӣⵆӎѢЃ ⵊӮҲᅪ՚▃ⵆல။ⵊ.
- ⓶؞ᷯἎᴲᢤᶾᤊϮ ӪᷯἎᴲϲӮҲᅪӣӎ⽶ⵊ.
- मḮϮ ӪӮҲϮῶఊᴲᑲ↮ᅪ↮Ếⵊ.
- ↶ঀἮᷞ՚Ḯᵿⵊ ᢚီᅪ؞ᐆἪ၊ⵊ ӪⳲ၊צྖЊᐊἲᾓ ဒⵊ.
□ ῲྣ
- ᴲᑲ↮, Ϯ , ᷯἎᴲϲӮҲࢢᶾᤊѢЃⵊ⹊ேӪ ἲ᫊ⵊ.
- ᕮᒮ⹂ᶾ૮ⵊ `ጦ⹂ὦ᫋ἲӎ◖ⵆ؞ỲⵆᷚẾ⹊ⵊᢚ⦣Ӫ`
ק`ὦᵿἏ␦ᷚᶾ૮ⵊ ᕮῲ⯛`ὦ↮ẾӪպⵊἲᢚẗⵊ.
- ᴲᑲ↮ḮᷯἎᴲᅪỲⵊӣӣӪᏪϲϲ⫺⪦ࣶᩫἲ▂՚ⵊ.
c㧥G ܳTYTXeG ↁዶG ⮭↝ὑG ⌉ⳡG ⌉⚺G ㇎ⴍG ᆞ㯝ἅG ⲍ㫥G ′㧥⯉G ⶍᴾ
Ⴚ: Ꮶ՛ᕮᢚὢ⪦(fatherhood) http://www.fatherhood.gov/pdf 4-5. (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5 Ể13Ὢ)19)
ⵊ ᕮંὢኗⱊᨆᆫὢ⺲3लϲ Ӫ၊ᤊἺἲӎὶ.
⒙⇦, 2010लᕮ⤞Ḓᐂᆶ ᕮંୂ⁹ἮᕮኖϮఆ؞Ỳⵊᵿⵊ⸻ᓢᢚᶳ
ἲᷞᐗ ᕮ␖Ếᶾᤊ▂↲ⵢṂἪ, צҞӪӣЊ⯚Њ╊, ᕮӮဖ⛒᎒
શ⫞⸃ὢὢზᶢ›.
ె⇦, ὲὶંᕮἲᾓဒⵆ؞ỲⵢᓢѢᢚᓣ↮ᕮંᕮኖᵿἏ؞ᨎ, ҫ ` ᴶ ⹃ᓢ, ᴲᑲ↮ ᵿἏ ␦ᷚ ἲ ↮Ếⵆӎ ὶἪ, 2012लᶾં
National Responsible Fatherhood ClearinghouseḮ ⼢ⵆᷚ ᫊ᒂᢚᶳ (Fatherhood Buzz Barbershop Tour)ἲ ᫊ⵆᷮ. ே ᢚᶳἮ ᴲᑲ↮Ḯ ↮ᷛ
ẾἲᷞҲⵊᐗ᫋Ἢ၊, ᴲᑲ↮ḮमϮⵖۆὢᐊᅪᐗጦⵆᷚ૮⹂ⵆӎҫ ⷆἲӣἎⵎᨆὶல။ⵊ. ⵊὢ⸪⺲ᵿἏἲ⯚؞ⵊᕮኖḮὢᷯἎᴲ
मᵿἏ↮ẾἲЃ⹂ⵆ؞ỲⵊӎẗⳲ၊צྖἲЊᐊⵆં⒊ᆺ࿚ὢἲ
↮Ếⵆӎὶ.
᤹⇦, ҫ ဓὢᶴўࢆᵿἏպὢᶴંᴲᑲ↮ᶾѺ`ק`ὦ↮Ếἲኖᢷⵆ
ᷚᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎἲᨆⵎᨆὶல။↮Ếⵊ. Ḓᐂᆶ૮⦣ဧἮᓢѢᓣ↮Ϯ ᕮ
19) The WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON(2012). promoting responsible fatherhood: Every father taking responsibility for his child’s intellectual emotional and financial well-being
\_
ᶳ ૢ૧ ᕮᤊᅪ ⦣ⵢ ᷯ՚⃪⣋ἲ ӣⵆં Ⳳ၊צྖἲ ᆶဖ⦎။ ⵆᷮ.
ὢᅪ⦣ⵢᶳὢצमᶾ૮ⵊᒃ`ጢᅪⵆல။↮Ếⵆӎ, ՚↯
ᵿⵊᤊᘲ᪒ᅪ ӣⵆᷮ.
थ⇦, Ꮶ՛ ⃪⣋·ல᫊Њᐊᕮ(The Department of Housing and Urban Development)ંᾚҞⵗϮ ᏽᴲᑲ↮؞՚ᅪ⦣ⵢῲ՛`ὦ⚎⮆ὦᶾ␦ᷚⵆ
ᷮ. 2011ल33Њ⃪ᶾᤊᵫ22,000ታᕮኖḮᴲὢᶾѺⵗᤊᘲ᪒ ӣ
ᢚᅪЊ╊ⵆᷮ.
ᘡPG ⫍∍⽉G ⭶㫩⽉ⱙG ዶ⛅㚹OujmaG {G uG jG G mP 2010ल ᤒᆫఊ ᴲᑲ↮ ᷛⵎ ↮Ếἲ Ỳⵊ ՛ᆫᤪ⤞ં ᷞ՚ᶾ ؞ᐆⵊ ⺶ဖӪ
ᷯἎᴲ Ẃ՚ᅪ ▗ ᫊⢚ ᨆ ὶં ᵿⵊ ᐗᒃἲ ᴲᑲ↮ᶾѺ ӣⵊ. ⅷ
ὢᤪ⤞ኗⱊંኖᴲᑲ↮၊ⵆᷚᴲᑲ↮ϮఆંᐗᒃἲᐞẞѺⵖἪ
၊᭖ᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎᕮᾚጦ⹂`▂ᤦᅪఆᆚંὶ. ᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎ↮Ế
՛ᆫᤪ⤞⸶⮆ὢ↮20)ᅪ⦎૮၊ὢᤪ⤞4Ϯ↮⃪Ẃ؞ઓᏽᷛⵎἲᢢ⮢ᓢቢ
ἺӪЇ.
OXPG ⭹ድ
ᴲᑲ↮ЊὦὢႺᅪϮ↮ӎ᪒᪒၊ᅪ`ῶⵆѺ⮷Ϯⵆᷚᫎᵫ῾ӪЃ
῾ἲὢⵢⵆંலẮὢఆં⮷Ϯல՚ᅪ ӣⵊ. ὢᅪỲⵢᷞ՚ᏽᴲ ᑲ↮ԾἏᕲᵪ↮᫋ᶾӮἲాӎጢḮⷿဓⵊ.
ⵊ ᤪ⤞ ᤒᆫὦ Ken R. Canfield ᐃᢚϮ ὢ࠲ં ᷞ՚↲ᶾ ⵢ Њᐊఊ
Ⳳ၊צྖἮᴲᑲ↮⺶ဖⳲ၊צྖ⺖Ӫᅪ⮷Ϯⵆ؞Ỳⵊᒒ♆ᆶ⡚ᷛⵎἲᨆ
ⵊ.
OYPG 㱑ᶱ
ᵿἏἲ Ỳⵊ ՛ᆫᤪ⤞ᶾᤊં ቆ⦎-ቆ⫞ Ⳳ၊צྖӪ צყἪ၊ ᤦᏦࢆ
ᅪ ӣⵆӎὶ. 80,000ታὢᴲᑲ↮ὢᤦᏦࢆᅪўⒾЂἪ, 1,000ታ
ቆ⦎ὢ↮ᷛᶾᤊ՛ᆫᤪ⤞ᷞ՚ҞӪᅪᐂ⣃Ἢ၊⹊ேⵆӎὶ.
20) ᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎ↮Ế՛ᆫᤪ⤞(National Center for Fathering) ⸶⮆ὢ↮http://www.fathers.com (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể13Ὢ)
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G \`
□ Ⳳ၊צྖᐞҫ
- WATCH D.O.G.S(Dads Of Great Students)ંⷯᫎ`ὦᴲᑲ↮ᵿἏ␦ᷚᅪỲⵊ
՛ᆫᤪ⤞၊ᤊ, 1998लArkansasⵊⵇԾᶾᤊ᫊ఊⳲ၊צྖἪ၊ⷲᾚ՛Ϯ
`Ⳳ၊צྖἪ၊ᾓⵖ
□ Ⳳ၊צྖኗⱊ
- ԾἏẂἲὦ↮ⵆӎⵇᣋἲỲⵢ `ὦᷛⵎኖ୦ἲ ӣⵖ
- ⵇԾ৶Ӫ֮ᅪఆᶢⵇԾᓢᴶἲЃ⹂ⵆӎഞᆪἲ᷶ᐗⵖ
□ Ⳳ၊צྖࢢẗ
- WATCH D.O.G.S.K-12 program؞ᓦࢢẗἮᴲᑲ↮ࢆ⁞ᕮኖ, ᢪ⓺ં
ᅦ⪧ ⵊᴲᑲ↮ᅪᾚⵇ؞ϲᓷᢚ၊⓶૮ⵆᷚ`ᶢலⵆზંⵆზ
ὪᴲὢἲỲⵢᓷᢚⵆல။ⵆંѱὲ
- ᴲᑲ↮ἮЊᒲ`Ἢ၊ᾚⵇ؞ϲேᴶᴲὢӪⵖۆⵎᨆὶંⳲ၊צྖᶾ␦
ᷚᫎ⒛ἲⵎᨆὶἺ
- WATCH D.O.G.SẾᓷᢚἮᑲ᪒ᏽϮẗἲὢẗⵊ·ⵆẾ؞, έ ⵇ᫋, ῾᫊ϲἲӮ␞ⵆӎኖશ⤞ᆯⵆ؞, ԾᶾᤊԾᢚϮὢೊᶾഞཪצ ყᴶᶾᤊᴲὢӪᵿⵊᶳἲᨆⵆ؞ἲ↮Ếⵖ
□ Ⳳ၊צྖ⺖Ӫ
- 2003लWATCH D.O.G.Sંῲ՛50ЊⵇԾᶾᤊ᫊ఆᶶἪ␦ᷚⵊⵇԾ
ӮҲ89%ંWATCH D.O.G.SϮⵇᣋἲỲⵊⵇԾᓢᴶӪ `ὦⵇ᪣
ᏽ⹆ҫ↋↲ᶾலẮὢఊӎὦ ⵖ
- ⵊ79%ંWATCH D.O.G.SⳲ၊צྖὢᴲᑲ↮ᵿἏ␦ᷚϮⵇԾើᆺᴲશ ཪᅦᕲᵪᶾல `ὦᷯⶓἲᏦ♊ӎἿૣⵖ
OZPG 㪍ᷥᎁᴱ
ᤪ⤞ᶾᤊંᵿἏᶾᶢဒẮἲࡪંᴲᑲ↮ἲ૮Ἢ၊ᴲᑲ↮ᵿἏ␦ᷚ
Ⳳ၊צྖἲ᫊ⵊ. ὢᶾഞཪⷲᾚ36Њ⃪1,150ЊὢⵇԾϮWATCH D.O.G.S(Dads of Great Students) Ⳳ၊צྖἲ↲ⵆӎὶ. ேⳲ၊צྖᐞ ҫᏽኗⱊ, ⃪Ẃࢢẗצᆚӎ⺖Ӫં <ⱊⅢ-2-2>ᶾᤊᓢંᐂḮЇ.
c㧥G ܳTYTYeG G ↁዶG ~h{joG kUvUnUzO~h{joG kG G nG zPG 㪍ᷥᎁᴱ
Ⴚ: ᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎ↮Ế՛ᆫᤪ⤞(National center for Fathering)
⸶⮆ὢ↮http://www.fathers.com/content/ (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể13Ὢ)
O[PG ⴙṕ
ᤪ⤞ủᢚὢ⪦ંᢶၛѺᴲᑲ↮Ϯఊᢚེં⁞ᕮኖ, ⵊᕮኖϮఊᴲᑲ↮, ᾚ⸪Ἢ၊ᴲᑲ↮Ϯఊᢚེ, έᵿἲ⦣ⵢᴲᑲ↮Ϯఊᢚེצᆚӎᴲᑲ↮ḮЇ
]W
Ἦᾚ၊ᕮἲࡪᵿἏ␦ᷚϮⴲẂⵊἲ૮Ἢ၊ጢႺႺᅪ
ӣⵊ. ᴲᑲ↮ંᇒ⃪ᵿἏᶾ૮ⵊ `ὦႺἲὢቂὪ၊ᐉᴲᓪᨆὶ.
ⵊὢἮᇒὪӣ⫺ཪംḒⳲ၊צྖἲ↲ⵆ, ӮဖႺંᏦ՛ࢢᵿ ⵊ↮ᷛᶾᤊᐉᴲᓪᨆὶ.21)
ᘡPG ⰞOuG P⺅G ☵᷉
ẃ⃪ᶾᤊં‘NYC DADS - The mayor’s Fatherhood Initiative‘ ؞՚ᅪᤒ ᆫⵆӎᴲᑲ↮ᵿἏ␦ᷚᏽᷛⵎᨆῲᐆἲ↮Ếⵆӎὶ(ẃ᫊ᓢѢᓣ
↮ᕮ⸶⮆ὢ↮).22) NYC DADSં2010ल6Ể, ᫊ᾓMichael R. BloombergϮ
ẃ᫊ᴲᑲ↮ᵿἏ␦ᷚᅪ؞Ỳⵢᤒ♆ⵊ؞Ӯὢ. ே؞Ӯᤒ♆ંல
᫊ὦ`Ếᕮ(HRA: the City’s Human Resources Administration)2007लӣ ӣ⚎⮆ὦᶾצឺᆚϮὶἪ, मᾓӪᐊᶾὶᶢᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎὢ
Ẃⵆં῾ᶾ⓶῾ὢᇌ▂ᶢ…ὶ. NYC DADSં14Њᕮ⒆23)Ϯⷿဓⵆᷚ
ᴲᑲ↮ὢᵿἏᶾ␦ᷚ⦎။ⵆᷚ“♊תⵊᴲᑲ↮(father-freindly)”၊ᆺ؞Ỳ ⵢԾἏⳲ၊צྖӪ՚↯Ⳳ၊צྖἲ ӣⵊ.
ẃ᫊ ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ ⸶⮆ὢ↮ Ⴚ24)ᶾ ⵆቢ, ὢ ؞՚ ᾓ؞`ὦ ኗⱊં
ἺӪЇ.
³G ኖҲ☣ᕮኖ(⪧⽶΅ೋ, ᘲᵿἏᕮኖ)ᶾѺमḮӮҲᅪӣӎ⽶
21) Ӯဖ Ⴚᅪ ᐉᴲᓪ ᨆ ὶં ↮ᷛἮ Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, DC, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming ὲ.
22) ẃ᫊ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ⸶⮆ὢ↮http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main/default.asp (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5 Ể20Ὢ)
23) Department for the Aging (DFTA), Administration for Children’s Services and Division of Youth and Family Justice (ACS‐DYFJ), Department of Corrections (DOC), City University of New York (CUNY), Department of Education (DOE), Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH), Health & Hospitals Corporation (HHC), Department of Homeless Services (DHS), New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA), Department of Probation (DOP), Human Resources Administration (HRA), Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks), Department of Youth & Community Development (DYCD), NYPD’s Community Affairs Bureau (NYPD)
24) ẃ᫊ ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ(New York State Office of children and Family service) ⸶⮆ὢ↮
http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main/default.asp (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể20Ὢ)
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G ]X
ⵆંᵿⵊᐗᒃἲ ᫊ⵖἪ၊᭖ᴲᑲ↮၊ᤊὦ᫋↋૮
³G Њὦ`ὦᐊῲἲ↮Ếⵆં؞ᤊᘲ᪒ḮⳲ၊צྖᶾ␦ᷚⵖἪ၊᭖ᴲᑲ↮
ᾓᒫἲ Ͼ᫊⢒ӎ म ᢤᶾ ᾓ؞`Ἢ၊ ᷯⶓἲ Ꮶ♎ ᨆ ὶல။ ↮Ếⵎ
ើᆺᴲશཪ“♊תⵊᴲᑲ↮(father friendliness)” Њᐊᏽᓢ
³G ல᫊Ḯ Њὦ ὲὶં ᕮ(responsiable fatherhood)ᶾ ૮ⵊ ०ဓ Ӫ (
ᏽҲᐊῲ, ጦᤊ⹂०ဓ)ᶾ૮ⵊ⮷Ϯல՚Њᐊᏽ`ẗ
³G ↮ᷛᢚ؞ᐆ⁞↯Ӫ ᕮ؞ӮӪⷿဓἲ⦣ⵊὲὶંᕮᆚᇒخ
NYC DADSંὢ࿚ⵊኗ`ᶾഞཪᢚ·ҫ `☏ቢᶾᤊᵿⵊᴲᑲ↮Ծ Ἇᏽ⺶ဖⳲ၊צྖἲ↮Ếⵆӎὶં, ẃ᫊ᕮ⸶⮆ὢ↮Ⴚ25)ᶾⵆ ቢ, ⃪ẂࢢẗἮἺӪЇ.
OXPG ⽉ⱙG ᘽⰲG
□ ՚↯Ӫ⺶ဖⳲ၊צྖ
ὢᏦᴲᑲ↮Ϯఆᶶўࢆ, ᷶ᘲᴲᑲ↮◖ᶳἲ↮Ếⵊ. ՚↯ἲẾⵆંҫ ẞંὢဓᤊӪቢӪӮဖⵆᷚலẮἲᐉἲᨆὶ. ҫဓᤪ⤞ᅪẢᷯⵆ
ᷚᵿⵊጢႺẺ⡚᧻Ӫᤊᘲ᪒ᅪ ӣⵊ. ើᆺᴲશཪ↯Ἢ၊ὦⵊम
ᵿἏᘲᆶဖὢᶢဒẢᕮኖᅪ↮Ếⵆ؞Ỳⵢẃ᫊ࢢ՚↯ ᓢᅪ ӣⵊ.
□ ⮷ᣋԾἏ
ⷲᾚ ↯ᶳᶾᤊ ῲጦ`ὦ ᾓἲ Ếⵆўࢆ ᢶ၊Ả ؞ᅪ ᶩӎ Ἦ ҫẞં
⮷ᣋԾἏἲ ᐉἲ ᨆ ὶல။ ؞ᅪ ӣⵊ. ӎⵇԾḮ ᷞҲⵆᷚ 21ᤦ Ꮶᆺ
ὦ ᶳἲ Ếⵆં ὢᶾѺં ૮ᴶԾἏἲ ᫊ⵆ, 21ᤦ ὢ ὦᶾѺં
ጢႺὦૢԾἏἲ᫊ⵊ.
□ CUNY(The City University of New York)
ӎԾἏὢ ⴲẂⵊ ὦὢࢆ ⵇԾᐄ ⒛लἲ Ỳⵢ ΅य ԾἏⳲ၊צྖἲ
ᆶဖⵆӎὢԾἏἲὢᨆⵊὢᶾѺંᶳᾓἲ ӣⵊ.
□ NYHELPS(The New York Higher Education Loan Program)
૮ⵇ↲ⵇἲẾⵆ↮ᆺᾚ ⹗ὢᷚ♆ᴸἮᢚེᶾѺthe New York Higher Education Loan Program(NYHELPS)ᶾᤊ΅ᆚ၊ⵇἲ૮▊ⵢ⃪
25) ẃ᫊ᕮ(National center for fathering)⸶⮆ὢ↮http://www.nyc.gov/html/hra/nycdads/
(ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể21Ὢ)
]Y
ંᢚᶳἲ↲ὢ. ᷯᶢઓဓⶓἲẾⵎҫẞ“we are new york”ὢཪ
ં30ᕲ⇊ᆚⳲ၊צྖἲ⦣ⵢӣᕮⵎᨆὶ. ỂẂὪ12᫊30ᕲ, ὪẂὪ3᫊ᶾ
᫊⒛ⵎ ᨆ ὶἪ, ẂὪ 10᫊Ӫ ὪẂὪ 1᫊ᶾல ᫊⒛ὢ Ϯઓⵆ. ᴲᑲ↮
⮷ᣋԾἏἲ ↮Ếⵆં Union Settlement, Claremont Neighborhood Centers
ᵿⵊⳲ၊צྖὢᆶဖఆᶢὶ.
Ⴚ: ẃᕮ⸶⮆ὢ↮(National Center for Fathering) http://www.nyc.gov/html/hra /nycdads/(ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể21Ὢ)
ᎁὅG ܳTYTXG ujG khkzG ☵⳽㡁
□ ⃪ўᓢᾓ
⃪⣋ᇒέὢࢆὲ૮ἲẾⵆંҫẞӮဖᵿⵊ ᓢᅪ ӣⵊ.
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G ]Z
□ Ӯᆚ
ஶἲ΅▃ⵆўࢆ᷶ᢞἲᤦẦഺலẮἲ ӣⵊ.
□ मᶾ૮ⵊ↮Ế
ኖἎᴲὢᕮኖ၊ᕮ⤞ᓢ⸦ᐉӎᢚཿᐉἲպᆚᅪ↮✊⃪؞Ỳⵆᷚᕮኖ ᶾѺम૮ᾚ `↮Ếἲ᫊ⵊ.
OYPG ⫍∍⽉G ⬚ⲪG ㇁G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱ
ẃ᫊ંᕮӮဖẺ⡚ᢴ, ՚↯ૢᵿⵊᅆᴲᑲ↮૮ᵿἏ
␦ᷚⳲ၊צྖἲᆶဖⵆӎὶ. ὢᶾᴲᑲ↮ὢẾⵎҫẞંᫎὢў⃪ⵆં
↮ᷛᶾഞཪẾⵆંⳲ၊צྖἲἲᨆὶல။Ӯဖኗ။ἲ↮Ếⵆӎὶ. ẃ⃪ᶾᤊં᫊Ỳᶾᤊӣ᫋`ὦⳲ၊צྖἲ ӣⵆંѱὢᴲશཪ, ϯⳲ၊
צྖἲᴲᑲ↮ὢ↯ᤎ⣋ⵎᨆὶல။ᵿⵊ ᓢᅪ ӣⵆ⪧ Ⳳ
၊צྖἲ▂⒊ⵆ↮ંᴸં.
ẃ ⃪ᶾᤊ ӣⵆં ᴲᑲ↮ ᵿἏ↮Ế Ⳳ၊צྖἲ ᫊ⵆቢ Ἲ <ⱊ Ⅲ -2-3>ᶾᤊ<ⱊⅢ-2-6>ӪЇ.
c㧥G ܳTYTZeG Ⱎ⺅G wG lG MG hG w
૮ ὢ⸪ὢࢆᒲўὦᕮኖᏽצम
Ⳳ၊צྖ
ኗ`
- ὢ⸪ἲⵆўࢆᒲўᅪⵆંᕮኖᶾѺᫎⷒᶢ↾ὢमᶾ ѺᶢඒᷯⶓἲᏦ♆ં↮ᅪԾἏⵆல။ᤒҲఖ
- Ϯ ᒮ⹂᪒⪦᪒ᅪὪᨆὶંᐗᒃӪҲఆંᕮኖ
϶ ᕮ `ὦ ᷯⶓἪ၊ᕮ⤞ मἲ ᓢ⸦ⵎ ᨆ ὶல။ ᕮኖ
ἲԾἏⵆᷚᴲὢѢЃⵊ`ἿӪᐊἲӎ⓷↲ⵎᨆὶல
။ⵖ Ⳳ၊צྖ
ᷞⷯ
2001लᒃӮᷞᤒᶾᤊẃ⃪ᕮኖԾἏὢⵢⳲ၊צྖἲ ல⹂ⵆ Ҏંᐂེἲᐊⱊⵊῲᨆᤋ⫾ᢚҲἪ၊ᷯἎᴲϮ⯚ⵖఊᾚ⫾
↶ἲⶓ᫊⢒؞ⵊኗ`Ἢ၊2005ल᫊ఖ
Ⳳ၊צྖ
ࢢẗ
- ↮↮`ὦᕮኖ-मӮҲᅪᆺӎἎ↮ⵆ؞
- ᴶ `ὢӎ↮↮`ὦϮ ⹆ҫ ӣⵆ؞
- ѢЃⵊἏᴲ؞ઓ& ᆚ`ỞᙇἎ↮ⵆ؞
- ᕮኖϲ↮`϶Ἢ၊ᕮ⤞मᓢ⸦ⵆ؞
Ⴚ: ẃ⃪⦣ⵗᒃẾ(New York State Parent Education & Awareness Program)᫊᪒⥊/ᕮ ኖԾἏ⸶⮆ὢ↮http://www.nycourts.gov/ip/parent-ed/(ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể21Ὢ)
][ ኖԾἏYFP ᗺ၊http://www.nycourts.gov/ip/parent-ed/-%20Brochure%20-%20 October%202007.pdf (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể21Ὢ)
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G ]\
૮
ῲᶳ⃪ᕮ ᴲᑲ↮, ⫺⪦⢮ὲ ⃪ᕮ ᴲᑲ↮, Ⳳᆚྊᤊ, ᾚ⣋תጢ ᴲᑲ↮, Ὢⵆંᴲᑲ↮, ᫊ϲὢἎ၊Ảᴲᑲ↮ᅦᴲᑲ↮ᅪᆺࢆ؞Ế ⵆӎमӪᾚᏦὶં⹊ேἲⵎ؞ᅪẾⵆંኖᴲᑲ↮
Ⳳ၊צྖ
ኗ`
ᴲᑲ↮ὢᤊ၊Ծ ⵆӎᕮኖᷛⵎᶾ૮ⵢᴲ϶ഺᤊ၊ᅪ↮Ế ⵎᨆὶં؞ᅪ ӣⵆல။ᆺᶢ↲↮ᷛᢚצყ
Ⳳ၊צྖ
ᷞⷯ
2008ल11Ểᶾ↮ᷛᴲே♊⹂`᫋૧, ேጪẾצᆚӎᐃጪӮᶾ᫊
ϲὢࢎഺᆶᐗጦⵆંѱἲ⁹ᴲⵆἮ८ὢצყἪ၊᫊ఆ ᶢὢ⺲૮ኖ⒢၊ᾓⵖ
Ⳳ၊צྖ
ࢢẗ
- ᵿⵊẺ⡚᧻ᏽ८ὢᢚᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ
- ᵿⵊ ⃪ ᶾ ૮ⵊ ⦎၎(ᢶ၊Ả ᴲ؞Ḯ Ἆ૮Ͼ ⸃ⵆ؞, ᴲ؞
ᶲᆶ⾆ὢఆᶢ⃪؞, ᢶ၊Ảᕮኖ၊ᤊὪᐗⶓἲ؞, Ἇᴲ⫺
⪦ࣶᩫ⸃ⵆ؞, ᴲϮᅪỲⵊᴶῲⵊ⹆ҫᆺ؞, ♊`Ӯᆚ) Ϯ↲ఆ1ᕲ؞૧3᫊ϲἪ၊՚ఆᶢὶἺ
c㧥G ܳTYT]eG Ⱎ⡥G kG n
Ⴚ: ẃ⃪Ϯ ↮ẾEAC(Building strong Families Through empowerment, assistance and caring)ऒ
⪦Ẻ⡚ᗺ၊
http://www.eacinc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Just-for-Dads-3-fold-brochure-2013.pdf (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể21Ὢ)
ᡭUG ⮊ዶ
ᷯ՛ἮᏦ՛Ӫᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊ᴲᑲ↮ᵿἏ␦ᷚ↮Ế؞՚ᅪᤒ♆ⵆᷚẢᷯⵆӎ
ὶἪ, ϯⳲ၊צྖἲ ӣⵆӎὶ. ᷯ՛ᴲᑲ↮ᾚ⸶⮆ὢ↮Ⴚ26)ᅪ
⦎૮၊ᤦⵊࢢẗἲᢢ⮢ᓢቢἺӪЇ.
XPG ⌉⚺⭹ድ✕OmG pP
ᷯ՛ᕮᷞ՚ં2008ल1Ể7ὪᶾᤒᆫఆᶶἪ, ᕮኖḮमḮӮҲ ϮमᶾѺᏦ♆ંẂἲᓢ⃪ᷚંᷞ՚ὢ῾␖ᆼᴲ↾ᶾഞཪӣӣᤊᘲ ᪒ᏽᶳҲኖᒂᢚီᅪ ᐊբⵆဒં᫊லᶾᤊᘲၝఆᶶ. ՚⒢`ὦᤒᆫኗ
`ἮἺӪЇ.
³G ↯ᾓἲᒮ⹂᫊✊ᴲᑲ↮ὢमᵿἏᶾୂᆼἮலẮὢఆல။ⵊ. ΅
ೋ☣ᴲᑲ↮, ᫊ϲ Ὢᆚ, Ⳳᆚྊᤊᴲᑲ↮ἲ⯚ⵖⵆᷚୂᆼἮᴲᑲ
↮ὢᵿἏἲỲⵊἏᴲ⼢↯ᢚẗἲኗⱊ၊ⵊ.
26) ᷯ՛ᕮᷞ՚(Fatherhood Institute) ⸶⮆ὢ↮http://www.fatherhoodinstitute.org/ (ѮᢷὪ
2013ल5Ể22Ὢ)
]]
ᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚἏᴲᤊᘲ᪒ ӣᐗᒃ
૮ ᶢᆞὢӮဖ؞Ӯᢚ, ᪒⣛, Ếᓷᢚ
ࢢẗ
- Ὢᐆ`ἏᴲⳲ၊צྖὢ⃪၊ᶲᆶἲ૮Ἢ၊ⵆӎᶲᆶᶾѺᆺ
⓶῾ὢᇌ▞ὶ؞ഺጦᶾᴲᑲ↮ҫⷆὢࢆẂ՚ᢚⵛἮᐆᷯఆ ӎὶ↮ኩⵆᎮ၊ὢᶾഞཪἺࢢẗἲღ
· Ἇᴲ↮Ếᶾ૮ⵊᒲ␖ὢẂᶾ૮ⵢღ
· ἏᴲⳲ၊צྖᤒҲᏽ⛖⤾☎⮷Ϯ
· ᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚἏᴲᤊᘲ᪒ᅪ ӣⵆ؞Ỳⵊ↶`תᐗᒃЊᐊ
³G ԾἏЊⷯἲ⦣ⵢ᷶ᘲᴲᑲ↮ὢᏦ྆ᵿἏἲ⃮ᘲⵆ, ᷶ᘲᶢሦશὢ
ὢ࿚ⵊᷛⵎἲӣἎⵆંѱᶾ૮ⵢὦ᫋ⵆӎ⃮ᘲⵎᨆὶல။ⵊ. ᶢᆞὢ
Ӫ ⒛लὢ ᕶ⮷ᶾ ૮ⵢ ⦎၎ⵆӎ ᕮኖἮ Ὢ‧Ϯ ᵿᆫᶾ ૮ⵊ
⣊லᅪᕮኖኖాϮӣἎⵢᵪⵖἲὦ᫋⦎။ⵊ. ⵊୂᆼἮ⒛ल
ὢᷯἎᴲḮӮဖఊ↯ᶳἲЄல။պἎⵆંᢚ`ᕲỲ؞ᅪ⁞ⵊ.
³G Ϯ ᣋ⹊ἲ Ỳⵊ ↮Ế᫊᪒⥊ἲ ᒮ⹂᫊✊ ᴲᑲ↮Ḯ ᴲᑲ↮ ᷛⵎ ⴲẂὢ
ὦ ఆல။↮Ếⵊ. ⵊᴲᑲ↮ὢमᅪ↯ᵿἏⵆંୂᆼἮ᫊ϲ Ӫ०ဓἲ⨚ⵎᨆὶல။`קպᾓⵆ, צ࿚ⵊ०ဓὢⷲϮઓⵎᨆ
ὶல။ᒃ, , צᆚӎӣӣᤊᘲ᪒ᅪ↮Ếⵊ. ὢંϯႺ, ԾἏ, Ϯ צᆚӎᷯἎᴲᤊᘲ᪒ὢᴲᑲ↮ᅪ⃪Ẃ૮Ἢ၊⯚Ӳⵆӎ, ᶢሦશᶾ૮ⵊ
ᵿἏ↮ẾӪᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊ᴲᑲ↮ᶾ૮ⵊᵿἏ↮Ếὢὢზᶢ…ᵪⵖἲᏦⵊ.
ὢ࿚ⵊᒮ⹂ᅪỲⵆᷚᕮᷞ՚ંἺ4Ϯ↮תἲ᫊லⵊ.
³G ᒃᅎ, ᕮ צᆚӎϮ ↮Ếᤊᘲ᪒ኗⱊῲ⹆ἲỲⵢ၊ᘲ⹊ேἲ⮪
♆ӎᢚ`Ἢ၊⸊⣋ἲᐉ↮ኩⵆંϮ ᶾ૮ⵊ↮ẾᶾӮἲ؞Ầὦ.
³G ӎẗ⃪Ӫӣӣᤊᘲ᪒ᒮ⹂ᅪỲⵢ ᓢ, ጦ, צᆚӎ⺶ဖἲ ӣⵆ ӎὶἪצ ӪӮἲ⮷Ϯ‧ᕲᤋⵆӎᢶ၊Ả↮♖ἲЊⵊ.
³G Ỳኖᒮ⹂ᅪⵆ؞ỲⵢᶢሦશḮᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎἲӣⱊⵊ.
³G ᵌᤊᶦⵊኖ⹊ேὢᓢ⮦⢮૧ⵆӎⵗ`ὦ↋ўᶾתўⵖἲᓢᾓⵊ
. ὢᅪỲⵢῲጦϮӪૢⵆⴲẂ᫊ጦ ᶾ૮ⵊḚᐂᅦὢⵢᅪỲⵊ
ᷞ՚․⁞ᢚᅪ᫊ⵊ.
ᕮᷞ՚ંὢЇἮኗ`Ӫתᐗ᫋ᶾഞཪᵿⵊᕮԾἏᏽ⺶ဖ
Ⳳ၊צྖἲ᫊ⵆં, ૮ⱊ`ὦᢚီંἺ<ⱊⅢ-2-7>ӪЇ.
c㧥G ܳTYT^eG ⮊ዶG ⌉⚺⭹ድ✕OmG pPG 㪍ᷥᎁᴱ
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G ]^
ᢚᶳታ ࢢẗ
Ϯ
Ἇᴲ⼢↯
(Parental Leave)
Ὢ·Ϯ ᵿᆫⷲἲỲⵢἏᴲ⼢↯ லᶾӮ ⵊ⚎⮆ὦἲ᫊ⵖ
ᕮኖ␦ᷚ
(Parental Engagement)
2010ल3Ểᕮ⤞ ᕮᕮኖ␦ᷚᅪளဒⵆᕮ
Training and Consultancy
ᴲᑲ↮ḮमӮҲ↮Ếᐗᒃᶾ૮ⵢⷲᾓ
Ⴚ: ᷯ՛ᕮᷞ՚(Fatherhood Institute) ⸶⮆ὢ↮http://www.fatherhoodinstitute.org/ (Ѯ ᢷὪ2013ल5Ể22Ὢ)
ⵊ<ⱊⅢ-2-8>ᶾᤊᓢંᐂḮЇὢᵿⵊ ᏽᢚᶳἲ᫊ⵆӎὶ.
c㧥G ܳTYT_eG ⮊ዶG ⌉⚺⭹ድ✕OmG pPG ☵⭎G ᘽⰲG G
Ⴚ: ᷯ՛ᕮᷞ՚(Fatherhood Institute) ⸶⮆ὢ↮Dad INFO http://www.fatherhoodinstitute.org/2008
/dad-info-the-worlds-first-integrated-dads-information-service/ (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể22Ὢ)
]_
YPG ⫍∍⽉G ㏽ᩥG
ᴲᑲ↮ᵿἏ␦ᷚẂἲᴺᆚӎᵿἏ␦ᷚᅪளဒⵆ؞Ỳⵢ‘ᴲᑲ↮
♢ೊ(‘Dad Card)’ᅪ ⵆᷚ ᐞ⯚ⵆӎ ὶ(ᷯ՛ ᴲᑲ↮ ⦣ⵗ ᓢ᫊᪒⥊ Dad Info).27) ὢંᕮӮဖḖཪὦ⒢ὦᴲᑲ↮⦣ⵗ ᓢ᫊᪒⥊(Dad Info)28)ᶾᤊ
ⵊ ᫎẗ♢ೊ ⡚؞ ல ᆚ⳺ဉἪ၊ ᴲᑲ↮ἲ Ỳⵊ ἏᴲӮဖ ᓢ ᏽ
⃪Ẃ؞Ӯᷞཫ⒆ᅪૢӎὶ. ᷶ᘲᴲᑲ↮ẗᴲᑲ↮♢ೊંᢞᕮὦӪᏽӮ ဖႺ؞ӮᶾᤊጢႺᐞ⯚ⵊ.
Dad Card ᤊᘲ᪒ંᇒलᴲᑲ↮Ϯఆંᵫ50ᆺታᷯ՛ӪὢᏦᴲ ᑲ↮Ϯఊᵫ600ᆺታ, צᆚӎὢᶾѺலẮἲ⃪ંῲጦϮἲ↮Ếⵆ؞Ỳⵢ
ӎᴶఆᶶ.
ᴲᑲ↮૮ ᓢ ӣᤊᘲ᪒(The Dad info Service)ંwww.dad.infoᅪᐂ⣃
Ἢ၊ⵆӎὶ.
ủᢚὢ⪦ࢢẗᶾ▂Ϯ`Ἢ၊Ϯ ῲጦϮᶾⵢᴲᑲ↮-⯚ⵖ ᤊᘲ᪒ Ὢᕮ၊ ᴲᑲ↮ᶾѺ ᐞᕲఆல။ ംὦఊ ᤊᘲ᪒၊ᤊ, Ἲ
3Ϯ↮ᅆ၊՚ఊ.
³G ᷶ᘲᴲᙎἲỲⵊMaternity Dad Card
³G ⓶؞ᴲᑲ↮ἲỲⵊEarly Years Dads Cards
³G ⼿ὦᏽᨆὦᴲᑲ↮ἲỲⵊSpecialist Dad Cards
ⵊDAD CardંἺࢢẗἲૢӎὶ.
³G ▊ᢞῲ؞ϲேᴶὲᢞᕮᶾѺᶢඒὪἲⵢᨆὶંѱὦ↮ᴺᨆὶ
ં؞ᓦ`ὦ ᓢḮᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚᐗ᫋ᶾӮⵊ ᓢ
³G ⓶Ἲ⫺Ѯᢚᏽᷚ࿚⤺᪒⪦᫊␦ᷚᶾӮⵊ⁞ᶦ
³G ▊ᢞӪኖἎᨆἎᅪંѱᶾ૮ⵊ⁞ᶦ
³G ↯ᾓࢢպᆚᶾ૮ⵊẂᵫ
³G Ἇᴲᶾ`ק`ὦᴲᑲ↮Ϯఆཪંպӎ
27) ᷯ՛ᴲᑲ↮⦣ⵗ ᓢ(Dad info)᫊᪒⥊http;//www.dad.info. (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể21Ὢ) 28) ᷯ՛ᴲᑲ↮⦣ⵗ ᓢ(Dad Info)ંᷯ՛ᕮᷞ՚ᶾᤊЊᐊⵊᤦҲ╊⓶ᴲᑲ↮૮⦣ⵗ
ᓢ᫊᪒⥊Ἢ၊, मᢤᶾᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚϮ↋Ϯᶾഞᅦᴲᑲ↮ᫎ႞ⵎᨆὶં ᓢᶾ
૮ⵊᨆẂ↋૮ᶾഞཪ՚▃ఆᶶ(http;//www.dad.info) (ѮᢷὪ2013ल5Ể21Ὢ)
ⰁዶG ☵᷉G ↘G ⡥☵G G ]`
ZUG ⡥☵
ᵌᤊლṦ՛ᢚီἲ⦎૮၊᫊ᢚ῾ἲኖᢷⵆቢἺӪЇ.
ẞᤎ૮ᵿἏ↮Ế லḮӮဖⵆᷚ૮⼢Ϯ‧⼢↯ லંϮ
♊⹂ லẞᤎ`Ἢ၊Ѓ⹂ఎⴲẂϮὶ. ०ᅢỖὢᢚီᶾⵆቢ, ᕮ
⼢Ϯ லḮᴲᑲ↮ⵎ૧ ં⼢Ϯ‧⼢↯ᢚẗἲঀὢં⺖ӪϮాೊ
࿚↲ѱἪ၊⹃ὦఆ؞ഺጦὢ. ὢഺⵢ૧⺖Ӫᅪ؞૮ⵆ؞ỲⵢᤊંঀἮ
ᨆ⃮ೋ૮⒢ӪЊᒲպᆚ`ᐗ᫋ லᤒҲϮẂ՚ఊ. ⅷᷚᶾᘲ ⵢὲᨆ⃮ὢঀἮὢमᵿἏἲỲⵊ⼢Ϯ․⼢↯ἲὢẗⵆ؞Ỳⵢᤊ
ંϮ՚ೋἲ╊⹂ⵆӎ, ⵢ૧⼢↯؞ϲἮᴲࢢᶾѺᵿலⵎᨆᶴᶢ ᵪⵊ. ὢᅪ␦⁞ⵆቢ, ⷲ5Ὢᐞẞ⼢ϮḮצ3Ὢϲᷚ↮ἮᏦ
⽏ⵆӎ⫾ఊ. ⵊᾓ᫊ϲת၊ẞᆚࢆཪᷢᴳⵊ०ேጦ⹂ᅪϾᴶ ⵆቢ, ᴲᑲ↮ⵎ૧ லέἮᴲᑲ↮⼢↯ἲἎலⵆંἎὪⵊᾓ♆ཪӎὦ
᫋ఊ.
૮⼢↯ ல⺖ἲঀὢ؞ỲⵢᤊંὪᓦᢚီᶾᤊḮЇὢ՛Ϯ
␖Ếᶾᤊᢚ`ᕲỲ؞⁞ἲỲⵊ▂Ϯ`ὦ०ဓἲ؞ẦὪⴲẂϮὶ. ὢ ᅪ⤺ቢ⪧ ᫊῾غ↮Ἇᴲ⼢↯◖ೋኗⱊ♆ᅪᤒ ⵆӎ, ὢᅪⵆ؞
Ỳⵊ՚⒢`ὦҲἲᇒलᨆᆫⵆல။ⵊ. ⵊἏᴲ⼢↯ லЃ⹂
ᅪỲⵊᒃᅎЊ ӪୂᕶᶢᵿἏ⸻ᓢᅪỲⵊ⸶⮆ὢ↮ᅪ՚▃ⵆᷚЊὦ ὢࢆ؞ᶳ, ⒢ᵿἏ⒢ⷆᏽ⒊ᢚီἲ။ⵆᷚ⹃ᢞἲኖᢷ ⵆӎ, ᴲࢢࢆ♊↮, ῲጦϮ, ΅ታὦ↮↮ᅪேẾⵆ, ӣ᫋⸻ᓢϮẂḮ♾
ᆛ⤞Њᐊ⢿ᾚᵿⵊᢚᶳἲӎᴶⵎⴲẂϮὶ.
ⵊ⮦Ὢᓦᢚီᶾⵆቢ, ⼢Ϯ․⼢↯ லὢṦᶾலἺ லலέὢ▂
↲ఆᶢᵪ ⵎ ѱἪ၊ ᓦ. ẞᤎ ᢶၛѺ ኖᢷⵎᆺⵊ Ϯ ♊⹂ ல၊ં ◖ⵇ ῲ
म૮ϲᒿ⼢Ϯ, ◖ⵇῲमᅪూת၊ᶾѺᵪϲתጢࢆ᫊ϲṦת၊ᅪ
ቢ ၊ᤊ, ᾓ᫊ϲ०ேᶾ↯ቢⵊᇌᑺὢϮ՚ᶾѺῶ⽶Ẃ՚ఆં லཪӎ⫾
ఊ. ⵊ؞ ♊⹂ ல⺖ἲঀὢ؞ỲⵢὪ ኖὢ(100ὦὢ
؞ᶳ) ؞ᶳᢚᶳ⃪ᶾѺંὪ․Ϯ ᵿᆫ↮ẾᶾӮⵊҲἲᨆᆫⵆѺⵆ ӎ, ؞ᶳࢢὪ․Ϯ ᵿᆫ↮Ếῲૢὦဓἲᐞ♆ⵆல။ⵊ⁞♆ં⃪ኗⵎᆺⵆ
ӎᓦ.
ἺἪ၊ᵿἏ↮ẾⳲ၊צྖӪӮဖⵆᷚὪ␖`Ἢ၊⃪ኗⵎᐂં՛Ϯ
^W
␖Ế૮ᵿἏ↮Ế⒢ҲᅪЄ▂ӎὶં῾ὢ. ⅷᏦ՛Ӫᷯ՛ᶾᤊ
ંⵢ૧ᶳጢᅪ┋Ӳⵆં՛Ϯ؞՚ᅪᤒ♆ⵆᷚᵿἏӮဖ↮Ếἲ┋Ӳⵆ ӎὶ. ⅷே؞ӮἮᵿἏӮဖᷞ՚, Ⳳ၊צྖЊᐊᏽẢᷯ, ԾἏᏽ
⺶ဖ(ᤊᘲ᪒؞Ӯᢚ૮⯚ⵖ), Ⴚᐊϲ, ᤊᘲ᪒؞Ӯ↯Ếᏽ↮Ếૢ
૧ὦဓ૮ጦᏽ⛖ᤒ⫳, ᏽ ல⸻ᓢ, ᴲᑲ↮⮷Ϯ᫊ᵿⵊ
؞ઓἲ ᨆⵊ. ὢં Ϯ ᓲ ὲἲ Ѓ⁞ⵆં ᓢᨆ⃪ ՛Ϯ ⪧ὢ
ᐆᷯఊѱἪ၊Ϯ ὲἲЃ⹂ⵆᷚ՛ϮὲἲḲ⹂ⵆဒંலᅪ
ࢢ⯚ⵊӎᷚҖ↮ࢆ, ՛Ϯ↮ẾἲⴲẂ၊ⵆંᴲᑲ↮ᶾ૮ⵊᵿⵊ↮Ếἲ
⺖`Ἢ၊ Ӯᾓⵆӎ, ኖ ᴲᑲ↮ᅪ ૮Ἢ၊ ⵊ ἏᴲӮဖ ϯ ᓢ ӣὢ
⃪ఊ؞ઓὢཪં῾ᶾᤊἎᏦⵆӎ⫾ఊ.
ⵊᵪᆶϮ⢮ⷲᢚီં૮ᵿἏ↮ẾᢚᶳἮ↮⸻ᓢᶾצ♆↮ᴸ ӎ ↮ᷛࢢ ᢚ` ⹆ҫ ՚▃ὢཪં ☏ቢᶾᤊ ᓢ ՚⁞`ὦ תὢ Ẃ՚ఖἲ
᫊ᢚⵊ. ↯Ế Ὢ․Ϯ ᵿᆫ↮Ếᶾ ०ဓἲ ؞Ầὢં ↮ᷛࢢ ؞ᶳᶾѺ
ϯᾓဒ↮ӪӮဖᢚᶳ▂↲ἲỲⵊῲጦϮᅪ↮Ếⵆӎ, ↮ᷛࢢᵿⵊ
؞Ӯὢࢆ⒢ϲऒ⪦Ẻ⡚ᅪ՚▃ⵆᷚᤦᏦࢆἲ⹊ᐊ⽶Њ╊ⵆં↮ᐗ ᕮ␖Ếᶾᤊ↮ᷛࢢ؞ᶳӪ⒢ᅪ⯚Ӳⵆဒં०ဓὢஹᓢὦ.
צᐄᶾலᷯ՛ᢚီᅪ␦⁞ⵆᷚἏᴲ ᓢתЃ⹂ᶾӮἲ؞
ẦὪᆺⵆ. ᷯ՛ᴲᑲ↮♢ೊḮЇὢἏᴲӮဖϯ ᓢḮ⃪Ẃ؞Ӯᷞ
ཫ⒆ἲૢἮ♢ೊᅪ ⵆᷚᐞ⯚ⵆఆ, ὢᅪ૮ᒲ⪧ἲᐆᷯⵆᷚᵿ ⵊἎ⸃Ἢ၊ ⵆᷚ⺖ẗἲঀὢ, ᴲᑲ↮Ἦጪ၎ⷲᾓῲጦϮல⹊
ẗⵎᨆὶல။ⵆંᐗᴶἲኖᢷⵎᨆὶ. ὢ၊᭖ᴲᑲ↮ὢἏᴲӮဖ ᓢ ᅪᩫѺೋⵖἪ၊᭖ὢᵿἏ⹊⹂ᶾ؞ᷚⵎѱἪ၊؞૮ఊ.
Ⅳ. ૮ᵿἏ↮Ếⷲ⹗ӪẂ՚
ὢᾓᶾᤊં ᕮᶾᤊ▂↲ὦ૮ᵿἏ↮ẾᢚᶳᏽⳲ၊צྖẢᷯ
ⷲ⹗ᏽЊᤎẃ՚ᅪታⵆӎ, ؞ᶳϮ ♊⹂ லẢᷯⷲ⹗ἲ⫺ᴳⵆᷮ.
XU ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG ☵⭎G ⰽ⮊G ↘G ᆥ⚩G Ⱍድ
ᷚϮ ᕮϮᵿ⮷`ᓲጦ⹂⸃␖ẾᶾᤊѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᅪ
Ἢ၊2006लὢ⺲ᓦҗ`Ἢ၊▂↲ὦᓲ⹃૮ᢚᶳӪ, ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ Ϯ ΅▊ᢞ ૮Ἷ ␖Ếᶾᤊ 2008लᕮ⤞ ▂↲ ὦ ᴲᑲ↮ Ἇᴲ Ӯဖ ϯ ⸻ᓢ
ᏽᢚЊ╊ⷲ⹗ἲᢢ⮢ᓢᵆ. ⵊ⃪Ẃᤊᘲ᪒؞ӮὦѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞Ḯ
ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ᅪ૮Ἢ၊᫊ⵊ‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’
ҞӪᅪზᶶ.
ᆉUG ⚺ᆉⷺ⌉ⳡG ᘱ⚺G ᥕ⊍G 㯞ᢉG ☵⭎G 㮍㯲G
ᕮ ૮ ᵿἏ↮Ế ᢚᶳἮ ᷚϮ ᕮ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞(ὢⵆ Ѣ Ϯ)ᅪ⃪Ẃῲ⒢Ҳ၊▂↲ఊ. צேᴶѢϮᶾᤊ▂↲ఆᶢḖᵿἏ␦ᷚ
ӮဖᢚᶳҫӪᅪᢢ⮢ᓢቢ, 2006लӪ2007लᶾંᓲ०ே␦ᷚᅪỲ ⵊᴲᑲ↮ԾἏὢ▂↲ఆᶶӎ, 2008लᶾંϮ ♊⹂ጦ⹂⁞ᢚᶳὪ⹆Ἢ၊
ᴲϮંᴲᑲ↮ԾἏᢚᶳὢ᫊ఆᶶἪ, 2010लᕮ⤞ં૮ԾἏὢ᫊
ఆᶶ. ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏἪ၊૮ⱊఆં૮ԾἏἮ2010ल᫊ὢ⺲ަ⃮ⵊ
↋Ϯᤦᅪᓢὢ, ⃪၊ӣӣ؞Ӯ, ؞ᶳӪⷿဓⵆᷚᴲϮંᴲᑲ↮ԾἏᐗ᫋
Ἢ၊ ὢზᶢ↮ӎ ὶ(ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế, 2013: 32). ⵊ 2010लᕮ⤞ Ϯ ጦ
⹂⁞ᢚᶳὪ⹆Ἢ၊⬖Ꮾᆚὢ, 2011लᕮ⤞ંϮ ᢚཿࢎⳲ၊צྖ
ὢ▂↲ఆᶢṂ. צᆚӎ2009लᕮ⤞ં८⦎Ϯ ᓲᢚᶳὢ▂Ϯఆᶢ2010ल ᕮ⤞Ϯ ᓲ↮Ếᤊᘲ᪒ᤎ⣋ᢚᶳἪ၊▂↲ఆϮ2012लᕮ⤞ંᴲᑲ↮-
मϮⵖۆⵆં⦎ẂⳲ၊צྖἪ၊ ␗ఆᶶ(ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế, 2013: 19).
ὢᅪѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᢚᶳᕮጦᒲ၊՚ᕲⵆቢ, ┋6Њᷯᷛ29) ↋, Ϯ Ծ
^Y
ᷯᷛ ⃪Ẃࢢẗ
Ϯ ᓲࢆਂ - ᴲᑲ↮मϮⵖۆⵆં⦎ẂⳲ၊צྖ
Ϯ ԾἏ
- ૮ԾἏ
․ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ, ᴲϮંᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ ․૮ᓲ␦ᷚᏽ؞ᓲԾἏ Ϯ ጦ⹂
- Ϯ ᢚཿࢎⳲ၊צྖ
- Ϯ ᷚϮⳲ၊צྖ
- ↮ᷛ␦ᷚᏽࢆਂᢚ
Ἇᕮጦ૮ԾἏӪϮ ᓲࢆਂᕮጦᴲᑲ↮मϮⵖۆⵆં
⦎ẂⳲ၊צྖ, צᆚӎϮ ጦ⹂ᕮጦϮ ᷚϮⳲ၊צྖἲᨆὶ(ⱊⅣ -1-1 ␦⁞).
c㧥G ܴTXTXeG ᇽᆞᆉ⽉ⱙ⛅㚹G ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG ☵⭎G ᘽⰲG
Ⴚ: ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế(2013). 2012 ῲ՛ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᷞϲᢚᶳ`ᓢӎᤊ. p. 16 ᾚ՚.
ⵊ⮦ὢᢚᶳἮἺ⒢Ҳᶾഞཪᨆఊ. ⅷᷚϮ ᕮϮϯᢚᶳҲ
ἲᨆᆫⵆӎ, ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ếὢⵢ૧Ⳳ၊צྖἲЊᐊ·ᓢⵆ, ὢᅪᨆ
ⵆ؞Ỳⵢ᫊·லѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ંᵇᤪ⤞Ḯ↮ᐗᤪ⤞ᷞҲᷛⵎἲᇏ ᴲ᫊·ல⪧ᶾᇌંⳲ၊צྖἲЊᐊ․ᓢⵆӎ, ᫊·՞·՚ᤪ⤞ⵢ૧ᢚᶳ ἲ ↮Ếⵆ, ᫊·ல Ỳ ⮷Ϯᅪ ᓢ⁞ⵊ. צᆚӎ ϯ ↮᫊ᷛ·՞·՚ ᤪ⤞ં
↮ᷛࢢӮဖᢚᶳἲ᫊ⵆӎẃ՚⁞ᢚᅪૢ૧ⵆӮဖ ᓢᅪ ӣⵊ(ⵊ՛
ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế, 2013: 13).
‘2012ल ῲ՛ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᷞϲᢚᶳ`ᓢӎᤊ’(ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế, 2013)ᅪ⦎૮၊ᢚᶳᒲ▂↲ࢢẗᏽ`ἲᢢ⮢ᓢቢἺӪЇ.
XPG ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ዙⲪ㪍ᷥᎁᴱ
ἲ૮Ἢ၊ⵊѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ԾἏἮὪ‧Ϯ ᵿᆫἲỲⵊ
Ϯ ᣋ⹊ ␦ᷚᅪ ⹃૮ⵆဒં ኗ`Ἢ၊, 2006लᕮ⤞ ᇒल ⹃૮․᫊ఆӎ ὶ.
⃪ẂࢢẗἮὪ‧Ϯ ᵿᆫẂ, Ϯ ♊⹂ லὢ, ᷞϲ20᫊ϲὢ
᫊ⵆல။ ⵆӎὶ(ⱊⅣ-1-2 ␦⁞).
29) ⵢ૧ᷯᷛἮϮ ᓲࢆਂ, Ϯ ԾἏ, Ϯ ૢ, Ϯ ጦ⹂, ᵿⵊϮ ⦣ⵗ↮Ế, ↮ᷛᢚᷞ
Ҳὲ(ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế, 2013, 2012 ῲ՛ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᷞϲᢚᶳ`ᓢӎᤊ, p. 16).
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG ^Z 2010 129 37,249 289 1,317 10.2
2011 134 49,063 366 1,761 13.1 ³ ³
2012 134 52,663 393 1,846 13.7 3,514 26.2 c㧥G ܴTXTYeG ᇽᆞᆉ⽉ⱙ⛅㚹G ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ዙⲪG ⺅ⰝG ᘽⰲ
Ⴚ: ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế(2013). 2012 ῲ՛ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᷞϲᢚᶳ`ᓢӎᤊ. p. 59 ᾚ՚.
2012ल؞⃮Ϯ ԾἏᢚᶳ`ἲᢢ⮢ᓢቢ, ┋10,225؞(␦ᤋὦẾ367,105 ታ)Ϯ↲ఆᶶἪ, ὢ૮ԾἏἮ┋2,123(␦ᤋὦẾ59,655ታ)
၊ῲ⒢ᵫ21%ᅪ␖↮ⵊ(ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế, 2013: 65).30) ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏᢚ ᶳἮῲ՛┋147Њᤪ⤞91.2%ὦ134Њᶾᤊ᫊ⵆᷮ. <ⱊⅣ-1-3>ᶾ ᤊᓢંᐂḮЇὢ2012ल૮ԾἏᢚᶳ`Ἦ┋␦ᤋὦẾ52,663ታ,
ᤪ⤞૧⮷␦ᷚὦẾ393ታ, ⮷؞ᨆ13.7؞၊2010लὢ⺲ᇒल↋
Ϯ▂ᤦᅪᓢὦ.
c㧥G ܴTXTZeG ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ዙⲪG ⭹ᆍG ㇁G 㮍㯲OYWXWTYWXYP
ᡱⲍaG SG 㰕ᎹSG ⡥ᆍ
^[
ல᫊⸃ 86 1,333 15.5 37,768 439 2,370 27.6
லॻᓣⵗ⸃ 26 302 11.6 8,258 317 674 25.9
ॻᶢ⓺⸃ 22 211 9.5 6,637 301 458 20.8
ⵗҲ 134 1,846 12.2 52,663 352.3 7,087 26.1
↮ᷛ ᨊỲ պᷛ ᤪ⤞ታ Њलல ␦ᷚὦẾ ؞ᨆ
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG ^\
↮ᷛ ᤪ⤞ᨆ ؞ᨆ ⮷
؞ᨆ
␦ᷚ
ὦẾ
⮷
␦ᷚὦẾ ↲᫊ϲ ⮷᫊ϲ
ல᫊⸃ 63 867 13.7 23,247 369 142,200 37.6
லॻᓣⵗ⸃ 23 309 13.4 7,997 347 47,430 34.4
ॻᶢ⓺⸃ 18 252 14.0 4,829 268 41,400 38.3
ⵗҲ 104 1,428 13.7 36,073 328.0 231,030 37.0
↮ᷛ ᨊỲ պᷛ ᤪ⤞ታ Њलல ␦ᷚὦẾ ؞ᨆ
ॻᶢ⓺⸃
1 ЃẾ ⃪ ᵿ՚՞ 2007 776 19
2 ▗⒛ ⒊ᴶ᫊ 2005 624 17
3 ῲཪ ᾓ⽓՞ 2010 494 10
4 ҫ؞ ᷞ⒊՞ 2008 474 13
5 ҫ؞ ⃪ᷚ՞ 2006 470 6
(ⱊⅣ-1-5 Ҳ)
Ⴚ: ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế(2013). 2012 ῲ՛ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᷞϲᢚᶳ`ᓢӎᤊ. p. 115.
YPG ⫍∍⽉TⴙᛉᆉG 㫱ᑡG 㫡G 㜩ⰝG ᥕ⊍G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱ
ᴲᑲ↮-मϮⵖۆⵆં⦎ẂᓲⳲ၊צྖἮ⃪5Ὢ ᨆᶳῲቢ᫊ᶾ ഞཪⵢ૧᫊ϲᓲἲ ӣⵆ؞Ỳⵢ2012लᶾ⒆Ἲ᫊ఆᶢ104Њᶾᤊ
᫊ఊѱἪ၊ࢆ⢮࢚.
ேᢚᶳ૮ἮἎᴲં⓶ⵇᣋमḮᴲᑲ↮၊ᤊ, ᴲὢᓲӪⱶᵅ ὢ, ૢᵿⵊ⹊ேӪᷞҲⵆᷚ⦎ẂὪ2᫊ϲὢ, ᷞϲ24᫊ϲὢẢ
ᷯⵆல။ ఊ(ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế, 2013: 105). ⃪ఊ⹊ேἮ८ὢ, ẂᆚԾ, ᪒⯚☎⹊ேὢ, ૮ⱊ`ὦᢚီ၊ᤊᴶே᫊ᤪ⤞ંᴲᑲ↮Ḯⵖۆⵆં⦎
ẂẢேᅪЊ╊ⵆᷚᴲᑲ↮Ḯमᫎ⒢`⹊ே᫊ϲἲᆶဖⵆӎὶ.
2012ल؞⃮Ἢ၊┋᫊؞ં1,428؞, ┋␦ᷚὦẾἮ36,073ታ, ᤪ⤞૧
13.7؞, ⮷37᫊ϲἪ၊ᵌᤊლ૮ԾἏӪἎᢚⵊᢚᶳኖᅪࢆ
⢮ࢦ.
↮ᷛ⪧ᒲ၊ંᵌᤊლ૮ԾἏӪᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊ல᫊⸃ᶾᤊ␦ᤋ
؞867؞, ␦ᤋὦẾ23,247ታἪ၊ᵃல`Ἢ၊ঀἮ`ἲᓢὢࢆ, ⮷᫊ϲ Ἦ ↮ᷛᒲ җ␖ᅪ ᓢὢ↮ ᴸᴲ ԾἏ ᢚᶳᶾ ᘲⵢ ᢚᶳ ኖ ↮ᷛϲ җ␖Ϯ
ⵊѱἪ၊↾ఊ.
G G c㧥G ܴTXT]eG 㜩ⰝG ᥕ⊍G ⽉⭶㡂⚺≍G 㰕ᎹG ➡V㇁G 㮍㯲OYWXYP
ᡱⲍaG 㰕ᎹSG
Ⴚ: ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế(2013). 2012 ῲ՛ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᷞϲᢚᶳ`ᓢӎᤊ. p. 107.
^]
↮ᷛ ᨊỲ պᷛ ᤪ⤞ታ Њलல ␦ᷚὦẾ ؞ᨆ
ல᫊⸃
1 ᤊẦ ०Ế՚ 2009 1,266 9
2 ҫ ᕮᢞ↲՚ 2007 990 35
3 ῲཪ ῲ⃪᫊ 2009 914 36
4 ᤊẦ Ѓᤊ՚ 2008 683 27
5 ▗⒛ ᤊ⒊՞ 2010 680 38
லॻ ᓣⵗ⸃
1 ЃẾ ⃪ ⓶᫊ 2007 671 32
2 ҫ؞ Ḓᢞ᫊ 2006 669 12
3 ҫ ♎ӏ՞ 2007 530 28
4 ҫ ᴶே᫊ 2009 52 8 22
5 ЃẾ ⃪ ᷯỂ՞ 2012 471 27
ॻᶢ⓺⸃
1 ▗⒛ ⸻՞ 2010 603 24
2 ҫ ⵖᵿ՞ 2010 536 28
3 ▗⒛ ⒊ᴶ᫊ 2005 530 28
4 ҫ؞ ᵿ⮷՞ 2008 491 12
5 ЃẾ ⃪ ӎ՞ 2010 371 40
ῲ՛`Ἢ၊ ঀἮ `ἲ ᓢὢં ؞Ӯἲ Ἢ၊ ᢢ⮢ᓢቢ, ῲ⒢ ҫⶓӪ
ἎᢚⵆѺல᫊⸃ӪὢṦ↮ᷛἎ⸃؞Ӯϲҗ␖Ϯ૮`Ἢ၊`ӎ, ᫊
␖Ḯ␦ᤋὦẾϲҗ␖Ϯాೊ࿚…, ᤪ⤞ᒲ၊ᵿⵊᢚᶳὢὢზᶢ↮ંѱἪ
၊↾ఊ. ὢᅪ⤺ቢᤊẦ᫊०Ế՚ᤪ⤞ҫẞં9␖ᶾ┋1,266ታὢ␦
ᤋⵆᷚ૮ኖᢚᅪ↾⛮ⵆંᐆቢ, லॻᓣⵗ⸃ὦ⓶᫊ҫẞં32␖
ᶾ┋671ታὢ␦ᤋⵆᷚᘲԾ`ኖ၊↲ఊѱἲᴺᨆὶ.
ὢ؞Ӯᤦᕮ⹊ேࢢẗἲᢢ⮢ᓢቢ, ⹆ҫ⦎ẂⳲ၊צྖ, Ꮶᨎ♆Ⴚ, ८ ὢ♆Ⴚᅪ⹊ẗⵆᷚᴲᑲ↮ḮमϮⵖۆⵆંᵿⵊ⹊ேὢὢზᶢ↲ѱἪ၊
ࢆ⢮ࢊ(ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế, 2013: 107). ૮ⱊ`ὦ᷶၊▗ᤊ⒊՞ᶾᤊં‘⦎
Ẃ८ὢ⤞’ ᢚᶳἲ↲ⵆᷮં, ὢંἺᴳӪ ᤊ↮ẾἲኗⵊⳲ၊צྖἪ
၊, ᴲᑲ↮Ḯⵖۆ⦣؞⢮ᅪᐞẞቢᤊᴲேᆚ‧ ᤊ`ѢЃἲ↋↲᫊⢒ં
ࢢẗἲૢӎὶ.
c㧥G ܴTXT^eG 㜩ⰝG ᥕ⊍G ⽉⭶㡂⚺≍G ㇁G ⴁⱙG {\G 㮍㯲OYWXYP
ᡱⲍaG 㰕ᎹSG
Ⴚ: ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế(2013). 2012 ῲ՛ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᷞϲᢚᶳ`ᓢӎᤊ. p. 108.
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG ^^
ZPG ᆉⷺG ㇁G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG
Ϯ ♊⹂ጦ⹂⁞ᢚᶳ␦ᷚϮϮઓⵊϮ Ỳጦ⹂ᤊᘲ᪒
ӣࢢẗἪ၊ંϮ ᢚཿࢎẢᷯ, Ϯ ᷚϮጦ⹂⹊ே, ▃ ᏽᢚἲ
ᨆὶ. ὢⳲ၊צྖ␦ᷚ૮Ἦ↮ᷛᢚࢢኖϮ ὢ, Ϯ ӣே
⒢Ѓ⹂, Ϯ ϲ♊ᏮϾЃ⹂ḮἎ૮ϾЃ⹂צᆚӎѢῲⵊϮ ᷚϮⶓἎᅪ
⃪ఊኗ`Ἢ၊ⵊ. Ϯ ᢚཿࢎἮᇒẞᨆẂὪϮ ὢⵖۆⵎᨆὶંⳲ
၊צྖἪ၊, Ể 1, ᷞϲ 20᫊ϲ ὢ ᫊ⵆல။ ⵆӎ ὶ(ᷚϮ ᕮ, 2013b: 32).
c㧥G ܴTXT_eG ᆉⷺG ㇁G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG ⺅ⰝG ᘽⰲG G G
Ⳳ၊צྖታ ⃪Ẃࢢẗ
Ϯ ᢚཿࢎ
- Ϯ ⶺᒃᆺ؞
- Ϯ ⫞☎ᆺ؞
- ࢊ⢮/ᢚጪ८ὢӣᷞӮེ
- ᴲᙎḮⵖۆⵆંẂᆚԾ
- Ϯ Ӫⵖۆᷯ⹂ᓢ؞
Ϯ ᷚϮጦ⹂⹊ே
- Ϯ ⚎Ⳳ - Ϯ ᢚ↲ӣኖῲ - ⃪ᆾϮ ॻᾓ
- ӣᷞ, ῲ᫊, ጦ⹂⒢ⷆ⹊ே
▃ ᏽᢚ
- 5ỂϮ ࢎᢚ - Ϯ ▃ ᏽᢚ - Ϯ ⒢Ἇ૮
Ⴚ: ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế(2013). 2012 ῲ՛ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᷞϲᢚᶳ`ᓢӎᤊ. p. 84 ᾚ՚.
2012लᶾ᫊ఊϮ ♊⹂ᢚᶳἮϮ Ỳጦ⹂ᤊᘲ᪒Ḯ♊⹂`ὦጦ⹂ᢚᶳ ᶾ⃪ဓⵆᷚ↲ఆᶶἪ, ⪧⽶Ϯ ᢚཿࢎἮ૮ⱊ`ὦᢚᶳἪ၊ᆚᾏᴲ
؞ઓᤪ⤞ 9Њᅪ Ṧⵊ ኖ ᤪ⤞ᶾᤊ ▂↲ఆᶶ(ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế, 2013: 85).
Ϯᾓ⹊ᐊⵆѺ↲ఊᢚᶳἮᷚϮጦ⹂ᅪỲⵊⳲ၊צྖ↮ẾᢚᶳἪ၊, ᵿⵊ⒢ⷆ⹊ேὢ1,699؞↲ఆӎ, 72,747ታὢ␦ᷚⵊѱἪ၊ࢆ⢮ࢊ. ՚⒢
`Ἢ၊ Ẃᆚ ૮, ♊⹆ҫ ⒢ⷆ⹊ே, ⪦ᆚ ᆺ؞, ⒢ⷆ Ծ Ἢ၊. ᵿⵊ
ጦ⹂Ⳳ၊צྖἲᕮኖḮमϮⵖۆ⒢ⷆⵎᨆὶல။↮Ếⵊ(ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲
⽓Ế, 2013: 89). Ϯ ᷚϮⳲ၊צྖӪϮ ᢚཿࢎ, צᆚӎ▃ ᏽᢚⳲ
၊צྖἮῲ⒢Ϯ ♊⹂ጦ⹂⁞ᢚᶳ؞ᨆ၊ંϯϯ1, 2. 4Ỳ, ␦ᤋὦẾ Ἢ၊ંϯϯ1, 2, 3Ỳ၊ঀἮᘲἲ␖↮ⵊ.
^_
Ⳳ၊צྖታ ؞ᨆ Ⳳ၊צྖታ ␦ᷚὦẾ
Ϯ ᷚϮጦ⹂⹊ே 2,948 Ϯ ᷚϮጦ⹂⹊ே 122,697
Ϯ ᢚཿࢎ 1,512 ▃ ᏽᢚ 88,537
▃ ᏽᢚ 274 Ϯ ᢚཿࢎ 61,805
G G G c㧥G ܴTXT`eG ᆉⷺ㇁G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG 㰕ᎹG ➡V㇁G 㮍㯲OYWXYP
ᡱⲍaG 㰕ᎹSG
Ⴚ: ⵊ՛ѢЃϮ ↲⽓Ế(2013). 2012 ῲ՛ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᷞϲᢚᶳ`ᓢӎᤊ. p. 90 ᾚ՚.
ᘡUG ≽ᇽ≾⽉⌉ⳡG ᘱ⚺G ⬚Ⲫ㇁G ⽉ⱙᶱG ☵⭎G 㮍㯲G G
2008लὢ⺲ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮϮ▂↲ὦᵿἏ␦ᷚἎலᏽ⓷↲ἲỲⵊ
ϯ ⸻ᓢᢚᶳӪ, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞(Ἇᴲⵗ↮Ếᤪ⤞)ᶾᤊ ӣఆં ᷯἎᴲᅪ ూ
ᴲᑲ↮૮ᢚᶳᏽⳲ၊צྖἲᢢ⮢ᓢᵆ.
XPG 㯖≽G ᶱG ☵⭎G
ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮં2008लᶾ5ỂᶾϮ ࢎἲᇌᴲᷞ᪒ᵿἏ␦ᷚ
ᅪἎலⵆંᢚ`ᕲỲ؞⹃ᢞἲỲⵢᵇѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞⃪ӮἪ၊'ᴲ ᙎ८ὢṃ૮’ᅪЊ╊ⵆᷮ. ேᢚં‘♊՚ЇἮᴲᙎఆ؞’ཪં⃪ ၊, ᴲ ᙎϮ ᾚᏦὶѺ ८ᴲ⃪ં ኖ᪣ἲ ᢚ↲ὢࢆ ேᷯἪ၊ ·Ἷኖⵆᷚ έᶾ
૮ⵢ ⱶӪ ἲ ᨆᷚⵆં ᢚᅪ Њ╊ⵊ ᐂ ὶ(ᓢѢᓣ↮Ϯ ᕮ, 2008:
1-2).
2011लᶾંϮ ࢢἏᴲ␦ᷚᅪ⹃૮ⵆᷚᷚᵿἏᕮૢἲὢં
ѱὢ Ẃⵆં ῾ᶾ ⃪ኗⵆᷚ ᷶ᘲ ં ⓶ᓢ ᴲᙎᅪ Ỳⵊ ἏᴲϮὢೊᕯἲ
Њᐊⵆᷚᓢⵆᷮ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2011a: 1). ⃪ẂࢢẗἮᴲὢᫎ⒢, ѢЃ, ८ ὢ, ᆚᵿⵊἏᴲ ᓢḮᐊᷞဧᒲἏᴲ↮᫋ᏽ⓶ᓢᴲᙎἏᴲ⒢
ⷆᨆ؞၊՚ఊ. ὢϮὢೊᕯἮើᆺᴲશཪE-Book, CD၊ ·ᐞ⯚
ⵆ᫊ᷚ․՞․՚, ᓢѢ, ᴲᙎԾ, ὲᢞᕮԾᶾᤊἏᴲῲጦலᤊ၊⹊ẗ ⵆӎ, ՞ᾓᒿ૮ϯὦ՚ԾἏ᫊ᶾԾᾚ၊⹊ẗⵎҲὢཪӎᐋ⽺ᐂ
ὶ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2011a: 2). ⵊ ὪᐆὦᶾѺં ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ ᏽ ὦ՚ᓢѢᓣ↮ⷿ
⸶⮆ὢ↮ᅪ⦣ⵢጢႺ၊⫺Ὢἲࢢဒᐉἲᨆὶல။ⵆӎ, ᓢѢᶾᤊல
ᅪᐉᴲᓪᨆὶல။⁞♆ⵆᷮ.
ЇἮ ⵢᶾ ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮḮ Ꮺϲ ؞ᶳ(ၝᐟ⹂῾)Ӫ ▊ᢞ ᾓဒ ӣே ⚎⮆ὦ
Ὢ⹆Ἢ၊‘ᴲᙎḮⵖۆⵆં1ᐃ2Ὢ⚎Ⳳ’ ᢚᅪᆶဖⵆᷮ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2011b:
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG ^`
1). ேᢚં‘ᴲᙎḮⵖۆᷞ⒢ⷆ’ὢཪં⃪ ၊, ᇒ⃪ᆾῲ՛5Њ↮ᷛ(ᤊ Ầ, ᕮᢞ, ૮ῲ, ૮՚, ӿ⃪)ἲў῾Ἢ၊‘↮ᷛᒲ⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖ’ Ỳ⃪၊↲ఆᶶ Ἢ, ὢ ᐄᶾல ᴲᙎḮ मϲ ♊ᏮϾ ⸃ἲ Ỳⵊ Ⳳ၊צྖὢ ᫊ఆᶶ
(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2011b: 2). ὢᢚᶾં৲՚ࢆ␦ᷚⵎᨆὶં, ␦ᷚᅪ⽚ᇋⵆં
ᕮኖંᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, ␦ᷚ؞ᶳ(ၝᐟ⹂῾) ⸶⮆ὢ↮, ᴲ؞ᢚཿᢚὢ⪦ᶾᤊᫎ⒛ ⵎᨆὶἪ, ␦Ϯᢚᷞἲӎဒⵆᷚ␦Ϯ૮ἲᤎ ⵆѺఊ.
ὢḮἎᢚⵆѺ2011ल8Ểᶾં▂ᤋታῶἲᇌᴲᴲᙎὢே␦ⵆંἏᴲ␦
ᷚ ᘲᒃἲ ӣЊⵆᷚ ⅾўẢ ታῶὢ ఎ ᨆ ὶல။ Ἆலⵊ ᐂ ὶ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2011c: 1). ேᢚᶳἮآ▂ᤋᷞ⼢ϮᴲᙎὢमḮϮغẺ↶ᨆὶં⁹Ἦ
؞ཪં῾ἲ↮`ⵆӎ, मḮ⁹ἮӮҲϮᶲᆶ᪒⪦᪒ᅪḲ⹂ⵆં⒙ ѦἺὢཪં ῾ἲ Ѓ⁞ⵆᷮ. ⃪Ẃ ࢢẗἪ၊ં ᴲὢḮ ८ᴲ⃪ં ᒃ(צऒ८ὢ
)ӪᴲࢢᶾѺഞ༩ⵊᆾⵊᆶംୂⵆ؞ἲ ᫊ⵆᷮ. ᕮં‘ᆶୂⵆᤦẂ’
⚎⮆ὦᘂ၊צᅪ⦣ⵢᴲᙎὢमḮᴲࢢᶾѺᆶἺἲୂⵎᨆὶல။८ὢ, Ἇᴲ, Ẃᆚ, Ϯᢚ, ѢЃᶾ૮ⵊ ᓢᅪ ӣⵆᷮ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2011c: 2-3). ⪧⽶
ᆶἺୂⵆ؞ᶾ ὣᨇⵆ↮ ᴸં ᴲᙎἲ Ỳⵢ ♊תⵊ ᪒⢮ ቆ⦎ὢ ࢆḮ ᴺ؞
ᩫѺᤒታⵢ⃪ંேᷯἲ ⵆᷮ. ⵊЇἮⵢ11ỂӪ12ỂᵿὪᶾѦⒾ
ὲᫎ▊ᢞጦ⹂Ѓ⁺‘ᆶୂⵆᤦẂ’ᅪЊ╊ⵊᐂὶ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2011e: 1). ே
ᢚં ૮ᕮᕲ ὲᫎ․▊ᢞ ጦ⹂ Ѓ⁺Ϯ ᷶ᘲ ᶲᆶᅪ ૮Ἢ၊ ⮷Ὢᶾ ᷢᆚં
ѱӪંᆚ᷶ᘲᴲᙎᷛⵎἲ⃪ ၊⃪ᆾᶾ↲ఆᶢᇌᑺὢᕮᕮ⡞⸦
⽓ἲᶩӎὶӎᐋ⽶ӎὶ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2011e: 1-2). ጦ⹂Ѓ⁺Ⳳ၊צྖἪ၊
ંὲᫎ․▊ᢞ᫊؞ᒲ⮦ᷛⵎᶾ૮ⵊῲጦϮ⓶ ЃᷞӪ⣊ԾἺᴳϾ
ὢᆶဖఊ.
2011ल9ỂᶾંᴲᙎἏᴲ␦ᷚᅪளဒⵆ؞Ỳⵢ‘100ὦᴲᙎ’ ᐊ૮᫋
ἲЊ╊ⵆᷮ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2011d: 1). ேᢚᶳἮᶦⵊ‘ᆶୂⵆᤦẂ’ ⚎⮆ὦ
Ὢ⹆Ἢ၊, ᴲᙎ▊ᢞᏽἏᴲ␦ᷚ⹃ᢞἲỲⵊ⒊ኖ୦၊⹊ẗⵆဒંኗ`
ἲ ↮. ⅷ 100ὦ ᴲᙎἮ 100ὦ ᴲᙎὢ ⚎⮆ὦ ᘂ၊צ (motherplus.blog.me)ᅪ⦣ⵢἏᴲ, ѢЃ, ८ὢ, Ϯᢚ, Ẃᆚ5Њᕲᵪ ᓢ ᅪ ⵇ᪣ⵆӎ, ⒢ⷆἲ ᤊ၊ ӣἎⵆં Ḗཪὦ ⹊ேὢ. ⵊ⮦ 100ὦ ᴲᙎἮ
ᐞẞᏦ, ࢆ৲Ꮶ, ᴺᆚᏦ3Њᕲᵪ၊ࢆᤎ ఆᶶἪ, ᘂ၊צ, ⮆ὢ᪒ᕯ, ⪦Ỳ
⤞ ἲ ⹊ẗⵆᷚ ⹊ேⵆѺ ఊӎ ᐋ⽶ӎ ὶ. ⵊ ὢἮ ᪒⢮ ቆ⦎
UCCᅪ ᓢቢᤊ Ϯ Ӫ ⵖۆ ὣ⽶ӎ, ⒢ⷆⵊ ⹊ேἲ ᫎ ᘂ၊צ, ⪦Ỳ⤞,
_W
⮆ὢ᪒ᕯᶾḚᆚં⹊ேἲⵆѺఊ.
ⵊ2012ल3ỂᶾંḒⳲཪὦἲ⦣ⵢᓢᆼἮᴲᙎὢἏᴲᶾே␦ⵎᨆ
ὶல။ᆶୂⵆᤦẂᘂ၊צࢢẗἲႺ↿(100ὦᴲᙎ)Ἢ၊ᐊϲⵆᷮ(ᓢѢ ᓣ↮ᕮ, 2012a: 1-3). ࢢẗᶾંࢆંት῾ᴲᙎὦ↮ᅪ⒢⡚ⵎᨆὶંⵛኗ ἲ⯚ⵖⵆӎὶἪ, ‘ᕲᐊⵢᵪⵎᴲᙎ’၊⮷ϮఎҫẞᶾὪᣋ⹊ᶾᤊ⒊
ϮઓⵊᵿⵊᴲᙎἏᴲᒃἲἏᴲ, ѢЃ, ८ὢ, Ϯᢚᕲᵪᒲ၊Њⵆӎὶ.
ேႺ↿Ἦῲ՛ᢞᕮὦӪḮᓢѢᅪ⦣ⵢῲ՛`Ἢ၊ᐞ⯚ⵎҲὢ.
100ὦᴲᙎἮ2012ल4Ể2؞ᅪኖ↿ⵆӎ, ὢὢḖ· ḒⳲཪὦἲआࢆ
ῲ՛ᶾᤊ⹊ேⵆѺⵆӎ, ⪧⽶ ᓢӣἎ⺖Ӫᅪ╊૮ⵊঀὢં⃪ဓⵊ
ӎᐋ⽶ӎὶ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2012b: 1-2). ⅷḖཪὦ♢⮆ᅪ՚▃·Ảᷯⵆᷚ100ὦ
ᴲᙎἲῲ՛`Ἢ၊⹃ᢞⵆӎᣋᣋⵊ↮ᷛỲἏᴲ ᓢலᴲᙎἲ⦣
ⵢᴺᆢҲὢ, ᴲᙎᾚઓἲ`ק⹊ẗⵎᨆὶல။‘ᾚઓ’, ‘⒢ⷆ’,
‘↮᫋’Ἢ၊՚ⵆᷚẢᷯὢ. צᐄᶾல▊ᢞἏᴲӮဖḒશᶦᆚୂ
ேᷯᆢὢЃᷞἲ⦣ⵢῲጦ`ὢӎᵿⵊ ᓢᅪᶦ ↮ⵎᨆὶ ல။ⵆӎὶ. 100ὦᴲᙎ1؞Ḯ2؞ં᪒᪒၊ቆ⦎-ቆ⫞ϮఆᶢἏᴲ
ᓢᅪӣἎⵆӎ, ᴲᙎἏᴲ␦ᷚጦ⹂Ϯ⁞ఆல။ᵿⵊὢᒒ⪦ᅪ↲ⵊ
. ேल12Ểᶾં100ὦᴲᙎᦏलᐊⱊᅪЊ╊ⵆᷚᴲᙎ⹊ேᷯ, ẞᨆ⹊ேᶾ૮ⵊ᫊᫋ᏽ⹊ேϾᐊⱊὢ↲ఆ, Ἇᴲӎᨆᴲᙎ
ὢᵪ؞ ❂ࣶ ᶾᤊં ⹊ே ⺲؞ ᏽ Ἇᴲᶾ ૮ⵊ ᫎ ०ⵆẞᅪ ᐊⱊⵆં
ᢚᅪ▂↲ⵊᐂὶ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2012c: 1)
2013लᶾંᏪϲ؞ᶳ32)⺲ẾἪ၊┋10ᶾѦⒾ800Ϯ ἲጢႺ၊⓶⒛ ⵆᷚ‘ằંᴲᙎ⚎Ⳳ’ᅪЊ╊ⵎҲἲᨆᆫⵆᷮ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2013a: 1). ⚎Ⳳ
␦Ϯંὦ⤞थᢚᷞӣኖḮ⒢▂⒊ἲ⦣ⵢᤎᐊⵆ, 3Ểᶾ1␖⚎Ⳳᶾં
┋ 80Ϯ (180ታ)ἲ ⓶⒛ⵆᷮ. ὢ ഺ ␦Ϯં ⓶ⵇԾ 1~4ल ᴲேὢ ὶં
Ϯ ᶾᢚᷞἲӎဒⵆᷚᫎ⒛ᨆఊ┋397Ѣ69Ϯ ἲᤎᐊⵆӎ, ᴲᙎ
ᵿἏ␦ᷚϮᶢဒẢᷯᤦᢚᶳᾓὢࢆ΅ೋ☣૮Ἢ၊♆⒢▂⒊ ἲ⦣ⵢ22Ϯ ἲᤎ ⵆᷮ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2013a: 2). ⵊ⮦⚎ⳲⳲ၊צྖἮᴲ ᙎέᾓᶾᤊᴲὢḮѢЃⵊӮҲᇨ؞ᅪ᫊ⵆӎ, ⵖۆ␦ᷚⵆᷚ ᤊ`ԾϾ ἲࢆ৲ᴲᑲ↮ὲἲⅾ؞ંᒃἲᐞẦᨆὶல။՚ఊ.
ⵊЇἮⵢ4Ểᶾંᇒ⃪⦎ẂὪᶾ᷶ᘲᶲᆶḮᴲᙎϮ‘ᆶἺἲୂⵆંὲ
32) ؞ᶳἮ, ⵊ՛Ͼ Ế, ᘂ྇ᵪ⡚(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2013a: 1)
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG _X
ᫎ·▊ᢞ⃪ᆾЃ⁺’ᅪЊ╊ⵊᐂὶ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2013c: 1). ␦Ϯⵊ᷶ᘲᴲᙎ
ὢᓣⵊἏᴲᶾே␦ⵎѱἲᵫⵆӎ, ЃࢢẗӪӮဖఊ↶ጦἲⵊ⺲ῲ ጦϮૣᒮἲӎᤎጪἲᐉંὢᒒ⪦ᅪ↲ⵆᷮ.
YPG ≽Ⲫ≽⛅㚹OⲪ⫍⸎㫲⽉ⱙ⛅㚹PⳡG Ⲫ⫍⽉ⱙ☵⭎G
Ϯ ӣே⒢Ἇᴲ؞ઓἲᓢḲⵎᨆὶં↮ᷛᢚἏᴲ↮Ế؞Ӯὦ
ᓢѢᓣ↮՚ӮⵎἏᴲⵗ↮Ếᤪ⤞ંᷯἎᴲᅪూᕮኖ૮ᕮኖԾἏӪ⒢
ⷆᏽ८ὢӣϲᏽⳲ၊צྖἲ ӣⵆல။ ఆᶢᷯἎᴲᅪూᴲᑲ↮૮
Ⳳ၊צྖ ▂↲ ؞ӮἪ၊ ⃪ኗⵎ ᆺⵊ(ᓢѢᓣ↮ᕮ, 2013b: 403). Ἇᴲⵗ↮
Ếᤪ⤞ં2013ल「ᷯἎᴲᓢἏᒃ」Њ (6.4)ᶾഞཪᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞Ϯታ♛ἲῲ⹆
ⵆᷚἏᴲ↮Ế؞ઓἲ⹃૮ⵆல။ ఆᶶ.
ὢᶾഞཪⶓ⺲Ἇᴲⵗ↮Ếᤪ⤞ંᤊẦ᫊Ἇᴲ↮Ếᢚᶳἲૢ૧ⵆંᷯἎ ᴲⳲཪḮἎᢚⵆѺᷯἎᴲᅪూᕮኖἲ૮Ἢ၊ⵊᕮኖԾἏἮጪ၎⒢ⷆ
ὢ␦ᷚⵎᨆὶંᵿⵊⳲ၊צྖἲЊᐊⵆᷚ ӣⵆંᷛⵎἲᨆ
ⵎѱἪ၊؞૮ఊ.
ᡭUG ⚥⏍⠭G Ꮉ≍G ☵⭎G ⰽ⮊G 㮍㯲G ↘G ᆥ⚩G ⰝድG
⃪Ẃ ᤊᘲ᪒ ؞Ӯὦ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞Ḯ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ᅪ ૮Ἢ၊ ᫊ⵊ
ᤒጦ⁞ᢚҞӪᅪ⦎૮၊2013ल؞⃮Ἢ၊؞ӮᒲᢚᶳẢᷯⷲ⹗ἲᘲԾᕲᤋ ⵆӎ, ᢚᶳẢ᫊ᷯᵎ၊ᢚⵛᏽЊᤎẂ՚ᅪ⫺ᴳⵆቢἺӪЇ.
XPG ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG ☵⭎G ↘G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG ⡭⡥G 㮍㯲G ↘G ὕⷺ᥍G
ᆉPG ⶍ↡G G G
ϯ؞Ӯᴲᑲ↮૮ᵿἏ↮ẾᢚᶳᏽⳲ၊צྖ᫊ᷚᕮᅪ⁞ᢚⵊҞ Ӫ, ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞Ἷૣ؞Ӯ108Њ94.4%Ϯᴲᑲ↮ԾἏἲ, 64.8%Ϯᴲᑲ
↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖἲ▂↲ὦѱἪ၊ࢆ⢮࢚.
ᐆቢᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ંᴲᑲ↮ԾἏӪᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ) ⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖἲ᫊
ⵊӎἿૣⵊ؞ӮἮӣ⽶28%ᷮӎ, 48%ં▂↲ὦᢚᶳὢᶴӎἿૣⵆ
ᷚᷯἎᴲᅪూᴲᑲ↮ἲ૮Ἢ၊ⵊᢚᶳὢ◖ᵫⵊᨆ⃮ὲἲᴺᨆὶ.
_Y
՚ᕲ ᇒẞ
ᕶᆺ
ᕶᆺ ⵆં⮦
ᆺ
ⵆં⮦ ᇒẞᆺ ⮷(῾) Ҳ(ᨆ)
ᴲϮંᴲᑲ↮Ծ 2.9 - 51.0 46.1 3.40 100.0(102)
᷶ᘲᴲᑲ↮Ծ 2.9 1.4 60.9 34.8 3.28 100.0( 69)
ᴲᑲ↮⦎Ẃᓲ 3.2 - 24.7 72.0 3.66 100.0( 93)
՚ᕲ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ 94.4 28.0
ᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖ 64.8 28.0
؞⢮ 14.8 14.0
▂↲ὦᢚᶳᶴἺ 1.9 48.0
ᢚီᨆ (108) (50)
c㧥G ܴTXTXWeG ⫍∍⽉G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG ☵⭎G ↘G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG ⡭⡥G ⌉G ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ጢ↲ᶾѺ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᶾᤊ ᫊ ὦ ᴲᑲ↮ ૮
ᢚᶳᏽⳲ၊צྖᆺ லᅪ⮷Ϯ⦎။ⵊҞӪ, ᴲᑲ↮⦎Ẃᓲᢚᶳᶾ૮ⵊ
ᆺ லં 4῾ ᆺ῾ᶾ ⮷ 3.66῾Ἢ၊ Ϯᾓ ঀӎ, ᴲϮં ᴲᑲ↮ Ծ ⮷
3.40῾, ᷶ᘲᴲᑲ↮ԾⳲ၊צྖ⮷3.28῾ᨊἪ၊⁞ᢚఆᶶ.
c㧥G ܴTXTXXϤG ᇽᆞᆉ⽉ⱙ⛅㚹G ⫍∍⽉G ᢉ♊G ☵⭎G ↘G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG ὕⷺ᥍ ᡱⲍaG LOPSG
⃪: ⮷Ἦ ‘ᇒẞᕶᆺ ’ 1῾~‘ᇒẞᆺ ’ 4῾Ἢ၊⮷ ⵊҞӪὲ.
ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ⵊ⮦Ỳᆺ ல⮷Ϯᶾᤊᆺ ⵊ(ᆺ ⵆં⮦+ᇒẞᆺ )ӎ⮷ϮⵊἿૣ
ᅪ૮Ἢ၊ᆺ ⵆંὢἎϮጢᶵὢཪӎᣋϯⵆં↮ᅪ↶ጦⵆᷮ.
ϮᾓঀἮ⮷Ϯᅪᓢὦᴲᑲ↮⦎ẂᓲⳲ၊צྖᶾ૮ⵢᤊંᴲᑲ↮Ḯ
मᆺ᫊ϲἲӣἎⵎᨆὶӎ, मḮⵖۆ᫊ϲἲᓢࢪᨆὶં՚⒢`ὦᐗ ᒃἲ ӣⵆ, ᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚϮẗὢⵊὢẗ᫊ϲἲἿૣⵆᷮ. ἺἪ
၊ᴲϮંᴲᑲ↮ԾἏҫẞં‘תጢ᫊ϲᶾԾἏἲᐉἲᨆὶᶢ␦ᷚὢ
ঀӎᕮૢὢᶴ’, ‘␦ᷚ૮ં؞ӮẂ՚ᶾᇌંᇌ▒⸃ԾἏὢϮઓⵆ
ં῾’ὢᶦఆᶶ. ᆶ↮ᆷἪ၊᷶ᘲᴲᑲ↮ԾἮ‘ᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎᶾ૮ⵊᆷᷞ
ⵊ ాဒẮἲⵢⵆӎ ᵿἏ↮Ḯ ᕮኖ⺖ઓϾἲ ↋૮᫊⢖’, ‘ὲᢞ▊ᢞ᫊
ⴲẂⵊ՚⒢`ὦ ᓢ ӣὢϮઓⵆ’ ὢᆺ ⵆંὢἎ၊ᤊ↮`ఊ.
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG _Z
՚ᕲ ᫊ (ᨆ) ┋␦ᤋὦẾ
(ⱊ⃮⮦␖)
┋␖
(ⱊ⃮⮦␖)
ԾἏ᫊ϲ (ⱊ⃮⮦␖)
؞ᶳ⒢
ῲ⒢ 32.8 (38) 126.6(227.74) 5.0(13.27) 5.7(19.16) ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ 36.3 (37) 129.5(230.16) 5.1(13.43) 5.9(19.41) ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ 7.1 ( 1) 1.0 1.0 1.0 ᘡPG ⫍∍⽉G ዙⲪG 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG G
ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ᫊ⷲ⹗ἲ૮ᒲ၊ᢢ⮢ᓢቢ, ῲᐆ`Ἢ၊Ὢᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪὢ
65.5%၊ϮᾓঀἮᘲἲ␖↮ⵆ, ἺἪ၊ંᶢᆞὢ↿/Ἆ♆Ế57.8%, ؞ᶳ
⒢32.8% ᨊἪ၊⁞ᢚఆᶶ.
؞Ӯᒲ၊ ᤦ⽶ ᢢ⮢ᓢቢ, ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ં Ὢᐆ ↮ᷛ ⃪Ꮺ ૮ὢ
65.7%,၊Ϯᾓঀӎ, צἺἪ၊ᶢᆞὢ↿/Ἆ♆Ế54.9%၊ࢆ⢮ࢊᐆቢ, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ંᶢᆞὢ↿/Ἆ♆Ế78.6%၊Ϯᾓঀӎ, צἺἪ၊Ὢᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪ
64.3% ᨊὢ, ⪧⽶؞ᶳ⒢᫊Ἦᇒẞ΅⁞ⵊᨆ⃮ἲᓢὦ.
ᢚᶳኖᅪ⫺ᴳⵎᨆὶં┋␦ᤋὦẾӪẢᷯ␖ᨆᅪ2013ल1Ểᶾᤊ
7Ểᆾغ↮؞⃮Ἢ၊ᢢ⮢ᓢቢ, ῲᐆ`Ἢ၊ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞؞ᶳ⒢૮ᴲ ᑲ↮ ԾἏὢ Ϯᾓ ాೊ࿚↲ `ἲ ᓢᷚ, ؞Ӯ ⮷ ┋ 129.5ታ, ᵫ 5.1␖၊
ࢆ⢮ࢊ. צ࿚ࢆⵢ૧Ⳳ၊צྖ1ὦ૧ԾἏ᫊ϲἮ؞ӮὢࢆὪᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪ
ᵫ17᫊ϲӪᵫ26᫊ϲᶾ⡚ѺኩᏦ♆ં5.7᫊ϲᶾᕶӪⵆᷮ. ὢંⳲ၊
צྖࢢ⹂☏ቢᶾᤊ؞ᶳ⒢૮ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏὢὪᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪὢࢆ؞Ӯ
૮Ⳳ၊צྖᶾᘲⵢᏦ⽏ⵎᨆὶἺἲᵂ᫊ⵊ.
ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ᶾᤊ᫊ⵆંᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ⃪Ẃ૮؞Ӯὦᶢᆞὢ↿ӪἎ
♆Ế⮷┋␦ᤋὦẾἮᵫ87ታἪ၊, ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᵫ116ታᓢ
`Ἦᨆ⃮ὢ. צ࿚ࢆὪᐆ⃪Ꮺ↮ᷛҫẞંᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ḮѢЃϮ ↮Ế
ᤪ⤞ⵢ૧᫊ϲࢢ┋␦ᤋὦẾὢϯϯ90ታӪᵫ89ታἪ၊Ἆᢚⵊᨆ⃮ἲ
ᓢᷮ.
૮ᒲԾἏ᫊ϲἮѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ҫẞὪᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪὢᵫ28.6᫊ϲ,
؞Ӯὢᵫ19.8᫊ϲὦᐆቢ, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ⵢ૧᫊ϲἮϯϯ2.6᫊ϲӪ3.1᫊
ϲἪ၊ⷲҗⵊ␖ὢᅪᓢὦ. ὢંᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏὢὪᶾצ
♎ᨆὶἺἲᵂ᫊ⵊ.
ϣ㧥G ܴTXTXYϤᢉ♊≍G ⫍∍⽉G ዙⲪG ⡭⡥G 㮍㯲G G
ᡱⲍaG LSG SG 㰕SG ⡥ᆍG
_[
՚ᕲ ᫊ (ᨆ) ┋␦ᤋὦẾ
(ⱊ⃮⮦␖)
┋␖
(ⱊ⃮⮦␖)
ԾἏ᫊ϲ (ⱊ⃮⮦␖) ᶢᆞὢ↿
/Ἆ♆Ế
ῲ⒢ 57.8 (67) 111.4(149.31) 4.4( 4.21) 17.0(59.55) ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ 54.9 (56) 116.2(157.48) 4.7( 4.41) 19.8(64.86) ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ 78.6 (11) 86.8( 99.68) 3.0( 2.79) 3.1( 3.65) Ὢᐆ
↮⃪ᷛᏪ
ῲ⒢ 65.5 (76) 89.2(124.51) 4.7( 5.83) 25.5(116.79) ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ 65.7 (67) 89.1(128.01) 5.0( 6.10) 28.6(124.17) ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ 64.3 ( 9) 90.0(100.75) 2.3( 2.29) 2.6 (1.51) (ⱊⅣ-1-12 Ҳ)
⃪: 2013ल7Ểᆾ؞⃮ὲ.
┋␦ᤋὦẾӪ┋␖ં؞Ӯ૧⮷ὢӎ, ԾἏ᫊ϲἮ1ὦ૧⮷ὲ.
ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ⵊ⮦ᵌᤊᢢ⮢ᓦ؞ᶳ⒢, ؞Ӯ, Ὢᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪὢṦᴲᑲ↮ԾἏἲ᫊
૮ᷚᕮᶾ૮ⵢᤊંѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ં47.1%Ϯ᫊ⵆӎὶӎἿૣⵆᷮ.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
ؿࢽؿ܁ਫ਼ ʢʈɼࢽएࡕ܁ਫ਼
7.1
47.1
92.9
52.9
ݨݤଡ ݨݤ߇ଡ
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ϡᎁὅG ܴTXTXϢ⫍∍⽉G ዙⲪG Ꮉ㙉G ᢉ♊G ⡭⡥G ⌉G
ⵊⵢ૧૮Ἦ՞ᕮ૮Ϯ56.3%၊૮ᕮᕲἲ␖↮ⵆᷮ(ⱊⅣ-1-13 ␦⁞).
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG _\
ῲ⒢ 73.8 (62) 118.8(111.88) 7.1(11.35) 26.2(121.75) ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ 75.7 (53) 122.5( 13.16) 7.7(12.09) 30.0(131.46)
_]
՚ᕲ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ ῲ⒢
ӣጢẾ 11.1 0.0 9.1
՞ὦ 44.4 0.0 36.4
Ծல 11.1 0.0 9.1
՞ᕮ૮ 33.3 50.0 36.4
Ϯ ᵿἏᷯᴲᴲᑲ↮ 0.0 50.0 9.1
Ҳ ( 9) ( 2) (11)
ЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ⵢ૧᫊ϲἮ30᫊ϲᶾⵆંᐆቢ, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ં4᫊ϲᶾ லᏦ♆↮ኩⵢὪⳲ၊צྖᶾצ♎ѱἪ၊ẞဒఊ(ⱊⅣ-1-14 ␦⁞).
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
ؿࢽؿ܁ਫ਼ ʢʈɼࢽएࡕ܁ਫ਼
14.3 12.9
85.7 87.1
ݨݤଡ ݨݤ߇ଡ
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ϡᎁὅG ܴTXTYϢ⫍∍⽉G ㇁G Oᜉ⳽P㈽㭡G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG Ꮉ㙉G ᢉ♊G ⡭⡥G ⌉
ᵌᤊᢢ⮢ᓦ؞ᶳ⒢, ؞Ӯ, Ὢᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪὢṦᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ
၊צྖ᫊ᷚᕮᶾ૮ⵢᤊંᵿ؞Ӯኖాᶾᤊ࢜Ἦᘲἲᓢᷚᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ Ӫંᆚᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖἮὪᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪὢࢆ؞ӮỲ⃪၊
ὢზᶢ↮ӎὶἺἲᴺᨆὶ(צᆪⅣ-1-2, ⱊⅣ-1-14 ␦⁞)
ϣ㧥G ܴTXTX\ϤG ⫍∍⽉G ㇁G Oᜉ⳽P㈽㭡G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG Ꮉ㙉G ⡭⡥G ᢉ♊GG ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG _^
՚ᕲ ؞ᶳ⒢ ᶢᆞὢ↿
/Ἆ♆Ế
Ὢᐆ
↮⃪ᷛᏪ ӣӣ؞Ӯ Ҳ
ῲ⒢ 11.1 5.6 55.6 27.8 100.0(18)
ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ 15.4 7.7 61.5 15.4 100.0(13)
ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ 0.0 0.0 40.0 60.0 100.0( 5)
ᴅPG Ꮉ㙉G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG G
ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏӪᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖὢṦᶾᴲᑲ↮૮ᵿἏ↮
Ế ᢚᶳ ᏽ Ⳳ၊צྖἲ ᫊ⵊӎ Ἷૣⵊ ᘲἮ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ં 43.8%, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ં28.6%၊ࢆ⢮࢚.
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ϡᎁὅG ܴTXTZϢᎹ㙉G ⫍∍⽉G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG ☵⭎G ↘G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG ⡭⡥G ⌉
ⵢ૧Ⳳ၊צྖ⃪Ẃ૮Ἢ၊ંѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ҫẞંὪᐆ↮⃪ᷛ
Ꮺὢ61.5%, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ં ӣӣ؞Ӯὢ 60%၊૮ᕮᕲἲ␖↮ⵆᷮ. ⵊᤦ
ᕮⳲ၊צྖታἮᨆ؞ӣኖῲ, ὪẂ᪒⯚☎ᴲᑲ↮Ծ, Ἇᴲⱶᵅὢ८ὢԾ, ᴲᙎᓲϮ ᢚ↲צᆪῲᏽῲ᫊Ἢ၊⁞ᢚఆᶶ.
ϣ㧥G ܴTXTX]ϤᎹ㙉G ⫍∍⽉G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG ☵⭎G ↘G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG ⺅ⰝG ᢉ♊GG ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
__
՚ᕲ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ 1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ
ᵿⵊमᷞဧἪ၊⢮ҍᤎ ᶢဒẮ 3.8 12.3 4.5 13.6
ᢚᶳ૮؞ᶳ⒢ኖ↿ᶢဒẮ 34.0 64.2 9.1 9.1
؞ᶳ⃪ⴲẂὦ᫋ᕮ 7.5 28.3 4.5 18.2
↮⃪ᷛᏪ૮⸻ᓢᕮ 2.8 6.6 4.5 4.5
ᢚᶳ᷶ᢞᕮ 6.6 8.5 18.2 27.3
ૢ૧ὦဓᕮ 1.9 9.5 0.0 4.5
ᢚᶳẢ᫊ᷯϲἲ⹃ᓢᶢဒẮ 0.9 7.5 13.6 40.9
ᢚᶳẢᷯ↮♖Ꮶᘲ - 0.0 - 4.5
ᐊ`␦ᷚἎலᶢဒẮ 42.5 62.3 45.5 77.3
؞⢮ - 0.9 - 0.0
Ҳ(ᨆ) 100.0(106) - 100.0(22)
-YPG ⰽ⮊G ⡥G ⫩ᷥ☵㫶G ↘G ᆥ⚩G ኅⶥG G G
ᆉPG ⫍∍⽉G ዙⲪG 㪍ᷥᎁᴱ
ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏᢚᶳẢ᫊ᷯᵎ၊ᢚⵛἪ၊ંѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ḮᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
ኖాᶾᤊ 1ᨊỲ ؞⃮Ἢ၊ ‘ ᐊ` ␦ᷚ Ἆல ᶢဒẮ’ὢ ϯϯ 42.5%Ḯ
45.5%၊ϮᾓঀἮἿૣἲᓢᷮ. צ࿚ࢆ1ᨊỲḮ2ᨊỲᅪⵗⵆቢ, ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ં‘ᢚᶳ૮؞ᶳ⒢ኖ↿ὢᶢဒẮ’ὢ64.2%၊ాೊ࿚↲↋Ϯᅪᓢ
ᷚ؞ᶳ⒢ᤛṦᶾᶢဒẮἲҘંѱἪ၊ೊ࿚࢚.
צᐄᶾலѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ҫẞં؞ᶳ⃪ⴲẂὦ᫋ᕮ Ӫᵿⵊ
मᷞဧἪ၊ᢚᶳ⢮ҍἲᤎ ⵆ؞ᶢဣં῾ὢ↮`ఊ. ᐆቢᶾᓢἏ ᓢ
ᤪ⤞ᶾᤊંᢚᶳ᷶ᢞὢᕮ ⵆӎᢚᶳẢ᫊ᷯϲἲ⹃ᓢⵆ؞ᶢဣંἿૣὢ
ᆼᴲⴲᨆᢚᶳ↮ ἲ⦣ⵊⳲ၊צྖЃ⹂ⴲẂὢ ؞ఊ.
ϣ㧥G ܴTXTX^ϤG ⫍∍⽉G ዙⲪG ☵⭎G ⰽ⮊G ⡥G ⫩ᷥ☵㫶G
ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ⵊ⮦ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏᢚᶳЊᤎӪ ၊ંᵿ؞Ӯὢᤊ၊ᅦέᾓἲᓢᷮ.
ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ં␦ᷚ؞ᶳ⒢૮ ᕮὦᤪ⫞ᗺЃ⹂Ḯᢚᶳ⸻ᓢЃ⹂ཪ ӎἿૣⵊᘲὢϯϯ26.4%Ḯ29.2%၊ϮᾓঀѺࢆ⢮ࢊᐆቢ, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
ં␦ᷚ؞ᶳᶾ૮ⵊὦᤪ⫞ᗺЃ⹂Ḯ ᕮ↮Ế⒢ҲЃ⹂ཪӎἿૣⵊᘲ
ὢϯϯ27.3%Ḯ22.7%၊Ϯᾓঀᵆ. ὢંᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ЊᤎӪ ၊ᤊ؞
Ӯⴲᨆᢚᶳ↮ ὢཪӎἿૣⵊᘲὢ1ᨊỲḮ2ᨊỲᅪⵗⵆᷚ36.4%ᶾ
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG _`
՚ᕲ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ 1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ
␦ᷚ؞ᶳ⒢૮ ᕮὦᤪ⫞ᗺЃ⹂ 26.4 45.3 27.3 31.8
ᢚᶳ⸻ᓢЃ⹂ 29.2 50.0 9.1 18.2
؞Ӯⴲᨆ(؞ᓦ)ᢚᶳ↮ 13.2 20.3 13.6 36.4
Ⳳ၊צྖࢢ⹂ 3.8 12.5 18.2 31.8
؞ᶳ⃪ὦ᫋ῲ⹆ 12.3 28.9 4.5 13.6
ᕮ␖Ếᢚᶳ↮Ế⒢ҲЃ⹂ 10.4 36.7 22.7 54.5
ᢚᶳẢᷯ↮♖ᆶဖ 0.0 0.0 4.5 9.1
ᢚᶳጢ↲ԾἏЃ⹂ 3.8 5.7 0.0 4.5
؞⢮ 0.9 1.9 0.0 0.0
Ҳ(ᨆ) 100.0(106) - 100.0(22)
-ⵆંѱӪலӮဖὢὶ. ⵊᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ંⳲ၊צྖࢢ⹂ϮⴲẂⵆ
ંἿૣὢ18.2%၊ঀѺࢆ⢮ࢆં, ὢંᴲᑲ↮૮ᵿἏ↮ẾⳲ၊צྖẢᷯ
ἲỲⵊᇒᶪЊᐊᏽᓢὢẂ՚ఖἲᆾⵢ⃮.
ⵊ⮦ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ጢ↲1Ἦ↮⒢␖Ếᶾᤊᴲᑲ↮ԾẢᷯ↮
♖ἲ ᆶဖⵆᷚ ᇒल ᢚᶳ ᤒታᅪ Њ╊ⵆӎ, ЃᢚⱮ ἲ ՚▃ⵆᷚ ῲጦἲ
ӎⵎᨆὶல။↮Ếⵆં⒢ҲϮⴲẂⵆӎ↮`ⵊ.
ϣ㧥G ܴTXTX_ϤG ⫍∍⽉G ዙⲪG ☵⭎G ᆥ⚩G ኅⶥG
ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ᘡPG ⫍∍⽉G ㇁G Oᜉ⳽P㈽㭡G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG G
ᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖẢ᫊ᷯᵎ၊ᢚⵛἪ၊ંᴲᑲ↮ԾἏᢚᶳ Ӫᆶ␚Ϯ↮၊ᵿ؞Ӯኖాᶾᤊᐊ`ὦ␦ᷚἎலᶢဒẮὢϮᾓঀ ἮἿૣἲᓢὦϮẢ, ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏᶾᘲⵢ⃪Ẃ⢮✁ᤎ ᶢဒẮӪૢ૧
ὦဓጦ Ϯ↮`ఊ.
؞Ӯᒲ၊ᤦ⽶ᢢ⮢ᓢቢ, 1ᨊỲ؞⃮Ἢ၊ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᶾᤊંᢚᶳ૮
؞ᶳ⒢ኖ↿ᶢဒẮᶾὢᶢᢚᶳ᷶ᢞᕮ 12.3%၊ঀѺࢆ⢮ࢆ, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ંᢚᶳẢ᫊ᷯϲᕮ 18.2%, ᢚᶳ᷶ᢞᕮ ὢཪӎἿૣⵊᘲὢ
13.6%၊⁞ᢚఆᶶ. ഞཪᤊᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖἮᴲᑲ↮ԾἏӪ
ંᆚ᷶ᢞ⹃ᓢᅪ⦣ⵢૢ૧ὦဓἲ⹃ᓢⵆӎᴲேᷞဧᒲתᶾᓢ⃪
ဓⵢᵪⵎѱἪ၊ᓦ.
`W
՚ᕲ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ 1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ
ᵿⵊमᷞဧἪ၊⢮ҍᤎ ᶢဒẮ 6.6 20.8 13.6 18.2
ᢚᶳ૮؞ᶳ⒢ኖ↿ᶢဒẮ 17.9 30.2 0.0 0.0
؞ᶳ⃪ⴲẂὦ᫋ᕮ 3.8 17.0 4.5 9.1
↮⃪ᷛᏪ૮⸻ᓢᕮ 3.8 12.3 4.5 13.6
ᢚᶳ᷶ᢞᕮ 12.3 22.6 13.6 27.3
ૢ૧ὦဓᕮ 6.6 14.2 4.5 13.6
ᢚᶳẢ᫊ᷯϲ⹃ᓢᶢဒẮ 6.6 23.6 18.2 50.0
ᢚᶳẢᷯ↮♖Ꮶᘲ 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0
ᐊ`␦ᷚἎலᶢဒẮ 41.5 56.6 40.9 68.2
؞⢮ - 1.9 - 0.0
Ҳ(ᨆ) 100.0(106) - 100.0(22)
-՚ᕲ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ 1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ
␦ᷚ؞ᶳ⒢૮ ᕮὦᤪ⫞ᗺЃ⹂ 20.8 39.6 18.2 18.2
ᢚᶳ⸻ᓢЃ⹂ 34.9 62.3 9.1 13.6
؞Ӯⴲᨆ(؞ᓦ)ᢚᶳ↮ 7.5 14.2 9.1 27.3
Ⳳ၊צྖࢢ⹂ 6.6 13.2 22.7 54.5
؞ᶳ⃪ὦ᫋ῲ⹆ 11.3 25.5 0.0 0.0
ᕮ␖Ếᢚᶳ↮Ế⒢ҲЃ⹂ 12.3 33.0 31.8 68.2
ᢚᶳẢᷯ↮♖ᆶဖ 1.9 3.8 9.1 13.6
ᢚᶳጢ↲ԾἏЃ⹂ 2.8 6.6 0.0 4.5
؞⢮ 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.0
Ҳ(ᨆ) 100.0(106) - 100.0(22)
-ϣ㧥G ܴTXTX`ϤG ⫍∍⽉G ㇁G Oᜉ⳽P㈽㭡G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG ⰽ⮊G ⡥G ⫩ᷥ☵㫶G ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ἺἪ၊ᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖЊᤎӪ ၊ં؞Ӯϲὢⵊ
έᾓἲᓢᷮ. ⅷѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ҫẞંᢚᶳ⸻ᓢЃ⹂34.9%, ␦ᷚ؞
ᶳ⒢૮ ᕮὦᤪ⫞ᗺЃ⹂20.8% ᨊἪ၊ࢆ⢮ࢊᐆቢ, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ં ᕮ
␖Ếᢚᶳ↮Ế⒢ҲЃ⹂31.8%, Ⳳ၊צྖࢢ⹂ 22.7% ᨊὢᶶ. צ ᐄᶾல
␦ᷚ؞ᶳ⒢ᶾ૮ⵊὦᤪ⫞ᗺЃ⹂ંᵿ؞Ӯᶾᤊᵫ18~21%Ἷૣἲࢆ⢮
ࢢᶢ⃪ኗⵎᕮᕲὢཪӎ⫾ఊ.
ϣ㧥G ܴTXTYWϤ⫍∍⽉G ㇁G Oᜉ⳽P㈽㭡G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱG ᆥ⚩G ኅⶥ
ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG `X
՚ᕲ ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ ᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖ
ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
؞ᶳ⒢ 65.4 42.9 10.3 8.2
Ἆ♆Ế/ᶢᆞὢ↿ 29.9 36.7 79.4 63.3
؞⢮ 4.7 20.4 10.3 28.6
Ҳ(ᨆ) 100.0(107) 100.0(49) 100.0(107) 100.0(49)
ZPG ➡ⰝG ⴁ⡦G G
ᆉPG 㰱ኅⶊⴁG ᢉ♊G ᎹG G G
ᴲᑲ↮ ԾἏ ⺖Ӫ`ὦ ᤊᘲ᪒ ؞ӮἪ၊ં ῲᐆ`Ἢ၊ ؞ᶳ⒢ཪӎ Ἷૣⵊ
ᘲὢ Ϯᾓ ঀᴲ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞Ḯ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞Ϯ ϯϯ 65.4%Ḯ 42.9%၊
ࢆ⢮࢚. צἺἪ၊Ἆ♆ẾӪᶢᆞὢ↿ὢ⺖Ӫ`ὦ؞ӮὢཪӎἿૣⵊᘲ
Ἦ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞Ϯ 36.7%၊ ૮`Ἢ၊ ঀἮ ᘲἲ ᓢὦ. ؞⢮ ؞ӮἪ၊ં
Ὢᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪ, ⒢, ⵇԾὢ↮`ఆᶶ.
Ϯᾓ ঀἮ Ἷૣἲ ᓢὦ ؞ᶳ⒢ᅪ ⺖Ӫ`ὦ ؞ӮἪ၊ ᤎ ⵊ ὢἎં
ὢᏮ↿ఎϮઓὢঀᴲὦẾኖ↿ὢẗὢⵆંἿૣὢ↮ᐞ`ὦϮẢ, ת ጢ᫊ϲᶾⳲ၊צྖἲ↲ⵎᨆὶᶢԾἏ᫊ϲἲ⹃ᓢⵆ؞ᩫӎ, ␦ᷚϲ
Ἆ૮Ͼὢ ⸃ఆᶢ ὶἪ, ᷶ᘲ ᕮኖᅪ ⯚ⵖⵆᷚ ᵿⵊ ᷞဧ૮ ᴲᑲ↮
ԾἏὢϮઓⵆં῾ὢ↮`ఊ. ⵊἎ♆ẾӪᶢᆞὢ↿ἲᤎ ⵊὢἎ၊
ંमϮᶢᆢഺᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎὦ᫋ἲӎ◖᫊⢚ᨆὶἪ, ⷲᾚमϮશ
ં؞Ӯᶾ૮ⵊᕮኖӮலϮঀӎ, ᕮኖԾἏᶾ૮ⵊӮὢঀἮ᫊؞ὢ, ἎᢚⵊमᅪూᕮኖԾἏὢϮઓⵊ῾ἲἿૣⵆᷮ.
ϣ㧥G ܴTXTYXϤ㰱ኅⶊⴁG ᢉ♊G ᎹT⫍∍⽉G ዙⲪV⫍∍⽉G ㇁G Oᜉ⳽P㈽㭡G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱ ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᴲᑲ↮ ԾἏ ؞⢮ ἿૣἮ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ҫẞ ⒢, ⵇԾ ὢӎ, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ
⤞ҫẞὪᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪὲ.
ᴲᑲ↮ ␦ᷚ (८ὢ)⒢ⷆ Ⳳ၊צྖ ؞⢮ ἿૣἮ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞Ḯ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ ኖా
Ὢᐆ↮⃪ᷛᏪὲ.
ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ἺἪ၊ᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖҫẞંᴲᑲ↮ԾἏӪંᆚἎ
♆ẾӪᶢᆞὢ↿ὢ⺖Ӫ`ὢཪંἿૣὢѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞79.4%, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
63.3%၊ᵃல`Ἢ၊ঀѺࢆ⢮࢚. ὢ؞Ӯἲᤎ ⵊὢἎ၊ં८ὢ⒢ⷆἮ
ᷯἎᴲᅪూᴲᑲ↮Ϯ`ⵗⵆંҚὢ↮ᐞ`ὢᶶӎ, मᵿἏᶾӮὢঀ
`Y
՚ᕲ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ 1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ
᷶ᘲᕮኖ 14.0 28.0 22.4 34.7
ᷯᴲ(0ᤦ~36ᤦᏦᆺ) 15.9 27.1 57.1 98.0
Ἆᴲ(ᆺ36ЊỂ~ᆺ5ᤦ) 48.6 83.2 20.4 65.3
⓶ⵇᣋ(⓶1~⓶6) 21.5 61.7 0.0 2.0
Ҳ(ᨆ) 100.0(107) - 100.0(49)
-Ἦ᫊؞ὢӎ, Ἆᢚⵊᷞဧ૮၊ὢზᶢ…Ⳳ၊צྖẢᷯὢẗὢⵆં῾, צᆚ ӎⳲ၊צྖἲẢᷯⵎᾓϮ⹃ᓢఊં῾ἲἿૣⵆᷮ. ἺἪ၊؞ᶳ⒢
Ϯ⺖Ӫ`ὦὢἎ၊ંϮ ♊⹂`↯ᾓᕲỲ؞⁞, ૮ኖ↿ὢẗὢⵊ῾
Ӫ؞ᶳⷿ⁞Ϯῶ૮`Ἢ၊ⴲẂⵆં῾ὢ↮`ఊ(ⱊⅣ-1-21 ␦⁞).
ⵊ⮦⺖Ӫ`ὦ૮؞ӮӪӮဖⵆᷚѢϮጢ↲1ᶾⵆቢ, ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏӪ⒢
ⷆⳲ၊צྖ૮؞ӮἪ၊⪧⽶Ἆ♆ẾӪᶢᆞὢ↿Ἦ⪧⽶⃪ኗⵎᆺⵊ, ὢં
मᵿἏ؞ᨎᶾᤊᴲேᷞဧᒲתὢϮઓⵆંή῾ἲ↮શ؞ഺጦὢཪӎ
↮`ఊ. ⵊѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ጢ↲2ં؞ᶳ⒢ҫẞתጢ᫊ϲἲ⹊ẗⵆᷚ
૮ኖ૮ᢚᶳ᫊ϮϮઓⵎើᆺᴲશཪ, ὢᅪҲ؞၊Ϯ ♊⹂`↯ᾓᕲỲ؞
⁞ὢϮઓⵆં῾ἲᶦⵆᷮ. ഞཪᤊ؞ᶳӪ؞ӮἮ૮Ⳳ၊צྖ
⃪Ẃ૮؞ӮἪ၊`ק`Ἢ၊⯚ӲఆᶢᵪⵎѱἪ၊ᓦ.
ᘡPG 㰱ኅⶊⴁG ᢉ♊G ⫍ᥢG ⭹᷂G
ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏἲ᫊ⵆ؞ᶾ⺖Ӫ`ὦᴲேᷞဧᶾ૮ⵢᤊંѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞
ḮᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞Ϯὢⵊέᾓἲᓢᷮ.
1ᨊỲ ؞⃮Ἢ၊ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ᶾᤊં ἎᴲϮ 48.6%၊ Ϯᾓ ঀἮ ᘲἲ
ᓢὦᐆቢ, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ᶾᤊંᷯᴲཪӎἿૣⵊᘲὢ57.1%၊ϮᾓঀѺࢆ
⢮࢚. ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ૮Ἢ၊ἎᴲϮ⺖Ӫ`ὢཪંҚἮ1ᨊỲḮ2ᨊỲἿૣ
ἲⵗⵊҞӪᶾᤊୂẟాೊ࿚…ᤊѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ં83.2%, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
ં98.0%၊ࢆ⢮ࢊ. ⵊѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ҫẞંᷯᴲᶾᘲⵢ⓶ⵇᣋὢ
`ⵗⵆӎἿૣⵊᘲὢ21.5%၊ୂঀἮᐆቢᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ંἎᴲᶾᘲⵢ
᷶ᘲᕮኖཪӎἿૣⵊᘲὢ22.4%၊ୂঀѺࢆ⢮ࢊ. ഞཪᤊᴲேᷞဧ૮ᒲ
ԾἏⳲ၊צྖЃ⹂᫊ᶾ؞Ӯᒲ⪧ὢᐆᷯఆᶢᵪⵎѱἪ၊ᓦ.
ϣ㧥G ܴTXTYYϤ㰱ኅⶊⴁG ᢉ♊G ⫍ᥢG ⭹᷂ˀ⫍∍⽉G ዙⲪ
ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ᘱ⚺G ᢉ♊G ⬚Ⲫ⽉ⱙG 㮍㯲ኅG ⰝድG `Z
՚ᕲ ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞
1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ 1ᨊỲ 1+2ᨊỲ
᷶ᘲᕮኖ 10.3 26.2 32.7 79.6
ᷯᴲ(0ᤦ~36ᤦᏦᆺ) 68.2 100.0 67.3 100.0
Ἆᴲ(ᆺ36ЊỂ~ᆺ5ᤦ) 21.5 73.8 0.0 20.4
Ҳ(ᨆ) 100.0(107) - 100.0(49)
-ἺἪ၊ ᴲᑲ↮ ␦ᷚ (८ὢ)⒢ⷆ Ⳳ၊צྖ ⺖Ӫ`ὦ ᴲே ᷞဧ૮ં ᵌᤊ
ლᴲᑲ↮ԾἏӪંᆚᵿ؞ӮኖాᶾᤊᷯᴲཪӎἿૣⵊᘲὢᵃல`
Ἢ၊ঀѺࢆ⢮ࢆ, ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ં68.2%, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ં67.3%ᷮ. צ࿚
ࢆצἺᨊἪ၊ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ંἎᴲཪӎἿૣⵊᘲὢ21.5%, ᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞ં᷶ᘲᕮኖཪӎἿૣⵊᘲὢ32.7%၊ࢆ⢮ࢆ؞Ӯϲ␖ὢᅪᓢᷮ.
ϣ㧥G ܴTXTYZϤ㰱ኅⶊⴁG ᢉ♊G ⫍ᥢG ⭹᷂T⫍∍⽉G ㇁G Oᜉ⳽P㈽㭡G 㪍ᷥᎁᴱ ᡱⲍaG LOP
⃪: ᓦᷞ՚‘૮ᵿἏ↮Ếᢚᶳⷲ⹗ᏽẂ՚⁞ᢚ’ ҞӪὲ.
ⵊ⮦ѢЃϮ ↮Ếᤪ⤞ጢ↲1☣ቢૢҞӪᶾⵆቢ, ᷯἎᴲ؞ંῲᐆ`
ὦ૮Ⳳ၊צྖϮᾓ⺖Ӫ`ὦ᫊؞၊ᤊ↮`ఊ. ᴲᑲ↮ᷛⵎᨆᶾ
૮ⵊӮὢঀἪࢆ, ᵿἏ᫊ᶾ՚⒢`ὦᐗ᫋ἲኞཪ⾆ᶢⵆં
ҫⶓὢ↮ᐞ`ὢᎮ၊ⵢ૧᫊؞ᶾⳲ၊צྖЊέὢ`ῶⵆંҚὢ.
ὢᨆẂὦ᫋ἲⵗⵆቢ, ᴲᑲ↮ԾἏ૮Ἦ⪧⽶᷶ᘲᕮኖḮᷯᴲᅪ
ూ ᴲᑲ↮ҫẞᓢἏ ᓢᤪ⤞၊⹃૮ⵆӎ, ᴲᑲ↮␦ᷚ(८ὢ)⒢ⷆⳲ၊צྖ
૮Ἦ ᷯᴲϮ Ϯᾓ `ⵗⵆӎ ↮`ఆᎮ၊ ᷯᴲᅪ ూ ᴲᑲ↮ᅪ ૮Ἢ၊ ⵊ
Ⳳ၊צྖἲῲᐆ`Ἢ၊Ѓ⹂ⵢᵪⵎѱἪ၊⫾ఊ.