생태계교란 어종 관리방안 연구 보고서
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(4) │참여연구진│ 본 『생태계교란 어종 관리방안 연구』는 다음과 같은 연구진에 의하여 수행되었습니다. 총. 괄. 사업총괄. 최승운. 국립공원연구원. 본부장. 연구총괄. 채희영. 국립공원연구원. 정책개발실장. 총괄책임. 김태근. 국립공원연구원. 평가분석부장. 박승철. 국립공원연구원. 책임연구원. 이광열. 강원대 환경연구소. 특별연구원. 고명훈. 고수생태연구소. 소장. 이윤정. ㈜엔에이피. 부장. 최광식. 고수생태연구소. 연구원. 한미숙. 고수생태연구소. 연구원. 이서영. ㈜엔에이피. 차장. 송근명. ㈜엔에이피. 주임. 김창길. 자원보전처. 생태복원부장. 권순영. 자원보전처. 생태복원부 계장. 김용훈. 속리산국립공원사무소. 자원보전과 계장. 유리수. 내장산국립공원사무소. 자원보전과 계장. 최우정. 소백산국립공원사무소. 자원보전과 주임. 연구진 연구책임. 공동연구. 연구원. 연구지원.
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(6) 조 사 지 전 경. 금계저수지(소백산) 전경. 금계저수지(소백산) St. 1-1. 금계저수지(소백산) St. 1-2. 금계저수지(소백산) St. 1-3. 금계저수지(소백산) St. 1-4. 금계저수지(소백산) St. 1-5. 삼각정치망 조사. 삼중자망 조사.
(7) 조 사 지 전 경. 삼가저수지(속리산) 전경. 삼가저수지(속리산) St. 2-1. 삼가저수지(속리산) St. 2-2. 삼가저수지(속리산) St. 2-3. 삼가저수지(속리산) St. 2-4. 삼가저수지(속리산) St. 2-5. 삼가저수지(속리산) St. 2-6. 투망 조사.
(8) 조 사 지 전 경. 내장저수지(내장산) 전경. 내장저수지(내장산) St. 3-1. 내장저수지(내장산) St. 3-2. 내장저수지(내장산) St. 3-3. 내장저수지(내장산) St. 3-4. 내장저수지(내장산) St. 3-5. 삼각정치망 조사. 삼중자망 조사.
(9) 주요 출현종. 큰입배스. 파랑볼우럭. 큰입배스 개체군(속리산). 파랑볼우럭 개체군(내장산). 잉어. 붕어. 떡붕어. 돌고기.
(10) 주요 출현종. 참몰개. 버들치. 참갈겨니. 피라미. 참종개. 메기. 동사리. 밀어.
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(12) │목 차│ Ⅰ. 연구 개요 ·································································································1 1. 배경 및 목적 ······························································································3 가. 배경 및 필요성 ···························································································3 나. 연구목적 ······································································································4 다. 추진근거 ······································································································4. 2. 생태계교란 생물 ·························································································5 가. 생태계교란 생물의 정의 및 지정 ·······························································5 나. 생태계교란 어종의 도입 및 확산경로 ························································7. Ⅱ. 연구 내용 ·································································································9 1. 생태계교란 어종 서식실태 정밀조사 ·······················································11 가. 연구의 범위 ·······························································································11 나. 조사 방법 ··································································································14 다. 결과 분석 ··································································································15. 2. 큰입배스 생식 유전자 교란 실험 ····························································17 가. 실험의 개요 ·······························································································17 나. 연구사례 ····································································································19 다. 실험의 설계 ·······························································································22 라. 실험 방법 ··································································································24.
(13) │목 차│ Ⅲ. 연구 결과 ·······························································································31 1. 생태계교란 어종 서식실태 정밀조사 ·································································33 가. 조사지 환경 ·······························································································33 나. 어류상 및 군집분석 ··················································································36 다. 개체군 성장도ㆍ비만도 분석 ····································································47 라. 잠재성장능력 분석 ····················································································51 마. 위내용물 분석 ·························································································54 바. 서식밀도 분석 ···························································································61 사. 선행연구와의 비교 ····················································································67. 2. 큰입배스 생식 유전자 교란 실험 ····························································79 가. 실험결과 ····································································································79 나. 내용분석 ····································································································98 다. 기대효과 ····································································································99 라. 향후계획 ··································································································100. Ⅳ. 결론 및 제언 ·······················································································103 1. 국내외 사례 분석 ···················································································105 가. 국내사례 ··································································································105 나. 국외사례 ··································································································120. 2. 국립공원 내 생태계교란 어종 관리방안 ···············································126 가. 생태계교란 어종 관리의 단계별 대응방법 ············································126 나. 국립공원별 관리방안 제시 ·····································································130 3. 생태계교란 어종 관리를 위한 소요예산 산출 ················································134. Ⅴ. 참고문헌 ·······························································································143.
(14) │표목차│ [표 Ⅰ-1] 생태계교란 생물 연도별 제거 실적 ···········································································3 [표 Ⅰ-2] 종별 생태계교란 동물 퇴치 현황 ···············································································3 [표 Ⅰ-3] 생태계교란 생물 지정고시 현황 ·················································································6 [표 Ⅱ-1] 조사기간 및 조사지역 ·······························································································11 [표 Ⅱ-2] 조사지점의 행정구역 및 위치정보 ···········································································11 [표 Ⅱ-3] COX1 gene을 증폭하기 위한 Primer set ···························································24 [표 Ⅱ-4] 후보 서열 (Target sequence)을 확인하기 위한 Primer sets ···························27 [표 Ⅱ-5] sgRNA 제작을 위해 필요한 Primer sets ····························································28 [표 Ⅲ-1] 금계저수지의 이화학적 환경 ····················································································33 [표 Ⅲ-2] 삼가저수지의 이화학적 환경 ····················································································34 [표 Ⅲ-3] 내장저수지의 이화학적 환경 ····················································································35 [표 Ⅲ-4] 전체 조사지역 출현종 목록 ······················································································38 [표 Ⅲ-5] 포획도구별 생태계교란 생물 채집 개체수 ·······························································40 [표 Ⅲ-6] 금계저수지 출현종 목록 ···························································································41 [표 Ⅲ-7] 금계저수지 포획도구별 생태계교란 생물 채집 개체수 ···········································41 [표 Ⅲ-8] 삼가저수지 출현종 목록 ···························································································42 [표 Ⅲ-9] 삼가저수지 포획도구별 생태계교란 생물 채집 개체수 ···········································43 [표 Ⅲ-10] 내장저수지 출현종 목록 ·························································································44 [표 Ⅲ-11] 내장저수지 포획도구별 생태계교란 생물 채집 개체수 ·········································44 [표 Ⅲ-12] 조사지역의 지점별 군집분석 결과 ·········································································46 [표 Ⅲ-13] 금계저수지 큰입배스의 먹이생물 및 상대중요성지수(IRI) ····································54 [표 Ⅲ-14] 삼가저수지 큰입배스의 먹이생물 및 상대중요성지수(IRI) ····································56 [표 Ⅲ-15] 삼가저수지 큰입배스의 먹이생물 및 상대중요성지수(IRI) ····································58 [표 Ⅲ-16] 내장저수지 파랑볼우럭의 먹이생물 및 상대중요성지수(IRI) ································59 [표 Ⅲ-17] 금계저수지 선행연구와의 어류상 비교 ··································································68 [표 Ⅲ-18] 금계저수지 선행연구와의 포획도구별 생태계교란 생물 채집 개체수 비교 ·········68.
(15) │표목차│ [표 Ⅲ-19] 삼가저수지 선행연구와의 어류상 비교 ··································································70 [표 Ⅲ-20] 삼가저수지 선행연구와의 포획도구별 생태계교란 생물 채집 개체수 비교 ·········70 [표 Ⅲ-21] 내장저수지 선행연구와의 어류상 비교 ··································································72 [표 Ⅲ-22] 내장저수지 선행연구와의 포획도구별 생태계교란 생물 채집 개체수 비교 ·········73 [표 Ⅲ-23] 전국 생태계교란 어종 출현지점 현황 ···································································74 [표 Ⅲ-24] 국립공원 및 인근지역의 큰입배스, 파랑볼우럭 출현기록 ····································78 [표 Ⅲ-25] Raw data stats ···································································································80 [표 Ⅲ-26] Trimming data stats ··························································································80 [표 Ⅲ-27] Contig 정보 ···········································································································80 [표 Ⅲ-28] Contig 정보 ···········································································································80 [표 Ⅲ-29] 1차 선별된 Contig 정보 ·······················································································84 [표 Ⅲ-30] 2차 선별된 Contig 정보 ·······················································································85 [표 Ⅲ-31] Target sequences ·······························································································89 [표 Ⅲ-32] sgRNA 합성량 ·······································································································90 [표 Ⅳ-1] 환경부(산하기관)의 외래어종 연구 ········································································107 [표 Ⅳ-2] 장연지와 백곡지의 포획도구별 CPUE ··································································109 [표 Ⅳ-3] 국내에서 적용된 생태계교란 어종 퇴치 사례 ·······················································112 [표 Ⅳ-4] 외국에서 적용된 생태계교란 어종 퇴치 사례 ·······················································113 [표 Ⅳ-5] 생태계교란 어종 퇴치방법 장단점 및 국립공원 적용가능성 ································114 [표 Ⅳ-6] 한국환경정책평가연구원의 외래종 관련 연구 ·······················································115 [표 Ⅳ-7] 댐저수지별 출현어류 및 생태계교란 어종 구성 ···················································116 [표 Ⅳ-8] 생태계교란 어종 관련 국내 학술연구 ···································································118 [표 Ⅳ-9] 국외 생태계교란 어종 제거방법 ············································································120 [표 Ⅳ-10] GISD 제공 외래어종 연구 ··················································································122 [표 Ⅳ-11] 생태계교란 어종 현황진단 체크리스트(예시) ······················································128 [표 Ⅳ-12] 금계저수지 생태계교란 어종 현황진단 체크리스트 ············································131.
(16) │표목차│ [표 Ⅳ-13] 삼가저수지 생태계교란 어종 현황진단 체크리스트 ············································132 [표 Ⅳ-14] 내장저수지 생태계교란 어종 현황진단 체크리스트 ············································133 [표 Ⅳ-15] 환경부 외래생물 및 생태계교란종 관리 예산 ·····················································134 [표 Ⅳ-16] 2011년~2013년간 지방자치단체 생태계교란 생물 퇴치사업 예산 현황 ··········135 [표 Ⅳ-17] 환경부 외래생물 및 생태계교란종 관리 예산(어류) ···········································136 [표 Ⅳ-18] 포획도구별 조사일수 및 인건비용에 따른 채집비용 ··········································137 [표 Ⅳ-19] 국립공원 생태계교란 어종 포획도구별 소요예산(안) ··········································139.
(17) │그림목차│ [그림 Ⅰ-1] 생물다양성 보전 및 이용에 관한 법률 제24조 제3항, 제4항, 제5항 ·················4 [그림 Ⅰ-2] 생태계교란 어종의 도입 및 확산경로 ····································································8 [그림 Ⅱ-1] 어류 조사지점 ········································································································12 [그림 Ⅱ-2] 다양한 포획도구를 이용한 어류 채집 ··································································14 [그림 Ⅱ-3] 성게의 수정 ···········································································································18 [그림 Ⅱ-4] 어류의 수정 ···········································································································18 [그림 Ⅱ-5] CRISPR/Cas9 시스템을 적용한 수컷 모기의 유전자 부위 탐색 ······················21 [그림 Ⅱ-6] CRISPR/Cas9 시스템 적용 후 유충 발생 정도의 변화 ···································22 [그림 Ⅱ-7] 데이터 처리 과정 ··································································································26 [그림 Ⅲ-1] 저수지별 환경요인의 피어슨 상관분석 ·································································36 [그림 Ⅲ-2] 전체 조사지역에서 출현한 어종별 상대풍부도 ····················································37 [그림 Ⅲ-3] 금계저수지 큰입배스의 전장빈도분포와 성장도․비만도 분석 ·······························47 [그림 Ⅲ-4] 삼가저수지 큰입배스의 전장빈도분포와 성장도․비만도 분석 ·······························48 [그림 Ⅲ-5] 내장저수지 큰입배스의 전장빈도분포와 성장도․비만도 분석 ·······························49 [그림 Ⅲ-6] 내장저수지 파랑볼우럭의 전장빈도분포와 성장도․비만도 분석 ···························50 [그림 Ⅲ-7] 금계저수지 큰입배스의 연령등급에 따른 잠재성장 모델 ····································51 [그림 Ⅲ-8] 삼가저수지 큰입배스의 연령등급에 따른 잠재성장 모델 ····································52 [그림 Ⅲ-9] 내장저수지 큰입배스의 연령등급에 따른 잠재성장 모델 ····································53 [그림 Ⅲ-10] 내장저수지 파랑볼우럭의 연령등급에 따른 잠재성장 모델 ·······························53 [그림 Ⅲ-11] 금계저수지 큰입배스의 주요 먹이생물 ······························································55 [그림 Ⅲ-12] 삼가저수지 큰입배스의 주요 먹이생물 ······························································57 [그림 Ⅲ-13] 내장저수지 큰입배스의 주요 먹이생물 ······························································58 [그림 Ⅲ-14] 내장저수지 파랑볼우럭의 주요 먹이생물 ···························································60 [그림 Ⅲ-15] 금계저수지 환경인자 특성 ··················································································61 [그림 Ⅲ-16] 금계저수지 큰입배스 서식밀도 ···········································································62 [그림 Ⅲ-17] 삼가저수지 환경인자 특성 ··················································································63.
관련 문서
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