study, the aim is to create the most optimized product, so that the model is being experienced several modifications again whenever needed. Thus, the final revised model for developing an educational mobile application is produced whereby the case study. Model validity is ensured by the researcher through the case study’s usability questionnaire and interviews disclosing the impact of the product on the learners. To sum up, the steps followed and the corresponded methods applied in this study are presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Research steps and methods used in the study
Components Steps Method Output
Model Development
Literature Review
Literature Review Model and Components
Expert Review Interview Revised Model
Model Validation
External Validation
Case Study (Usability questionnaire and interviews conducted with learners)
Final Revised Model
2. Research Procedure
The research procedure implemented in this study is as followed.
First, the research problem, the necessity of the research and the purpose of the research have been defined. Second, a literature review has been conducted on the use of mobile devices for educational purposes. Literature review has been also performed for mobile applications, type of mobile
applications, operating services, development approaches used for developing mobile applications and challenges encountered in developing a mobile application. In addition, another literature review has been conducted related to Evaluation Matrix tool and the system using Evaluation Matrix tool. Third, the initial Model for Developing a Simple Educational Mobile Application (MODSEMA) has been developed according to the related literature review. After that, interviews have been conducted with three mobile application development experts, and the initial MODSEMA has been revised on the basis of the interview results. Fifth, a case study has been conducted, which develops a simple mobile application named “Evaluation Matrix” app by following the revised MODSEMA. The case study has been performed as followed. In Analysis phase of MODSEMA, the required analyses has been conducted. In Designphase, the prototype of “Evaluation Matrix” app has been developed. Then, this prototype has been evaluated by 3 experts and 3 representative users, who are graduate students, by employing different usability evaluation methods and revised by the researcher according to those evaluation results. On the basis of this prototype, in Development phase, “Evaluated Matrix” app has been coded and developed by the researcher in the mobile application development environment that is determined in analysis phase. After that, the developed app has been evaluated by 2 experts and 5 representative users, and revised ultimately by the researcher according to those evaluation results. In Implementation & Evaluation phase, the app has been implemented in a graduate class having 16 students in which S3CPS was being implemented and Evaluation Matrix tool was needed, that means the app was tested in the learning environment where it is needed. Right after it was implemented in
the class, each participated learner filled a questionnaire. Lastly, semi- structured interviews have been conducted with three available learners who attended to class implementation. Through the questionnaires and interviews, the researcher has tried to find out and interpret the usability of “Evaluation Matrix”. Through the conducted case study in which “Evaluation Matrix”
app has been developed and tested in a classroom setting, there have been made ultimate revisions on MODSEMA whenever it is needed. Thus, MODSEMA has been tried to be optimized, and “Evaluation Matrix” app has been developed in a best way as much as possible. Then the final MODSEMA has been proposed for educators, instructors and developers, who are interest in developing educational mobile applications. Lastly, the research results have been synthesized and the researcher has made discussions and interpretations on MODSEMA and its validity that is measured indirectly through the usability questionnaires and interviews conducted in the case study, since it was not possible to measure it directly.
Overall research procedure is summarized in Figure 7.
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RESEARCH PROCEDURE …… DETAILED RESEARCH ACTIVITY Definition of Research Designating research problem, the necessity of the
research, and the purpose of the research
Literature Review
- Literature review related to the use of mobile devices for learning purposes
- Literature review on mobile applications, their types, operating services and educational mobile app development models
- Literature review about Evaluation Matrix tool and its using field, CPS
Development of Initial Model for Mobile App Development
Development of the initial Model for Developing a Simple Educational Mobile Application (MODSEMA) according to literature review
Interview with Experts on Initial App Development
Interview with 3 Mobile App Development Experts on the Model for Developing a Simple Educational Mobile Application (MODSEMA)
Revision on App Development Model
- Coding and analyzes of interview results
- Revision on the Model for Developing a Simple Educational Mobile Application (MODSEMA)
Conducting a Case Study Using the Revised App
Development Model (External Validity)
Development of “Evaluation Matrix” app using the revised Model for Developing a Simple Educational Mobile Application (MODSEMA) including the following process:
1) Analysis; 2) Design; 3) Development;
4) Implementation; 5) Evaluation.
Final Revision on App Development Model
Final Revision on the Model for Developing a Simple Educational Mobile Application (MODSEMA) according to the obtained experience through the case study
Synthesis of Research
Figure 7. Research procedure and associated research activities