SUMMARY ․ 139
SUMMARY
A Study on the Spatial Strategy for Balanced National Development
Muin Seonghee, Lee Sonnja, Hong SaHeum, Cha Eunhye, Cho JeongHee, Yoo HyunAh, Lim Hyungbaek
Key words: Balanced National Development, Spatial Strategy
The purpose of this research is to review national territory spatial policies and plans, to establish a spatial structure that can be efficiently managed and connected to the goal of balanced development of national territory, and to formulate a spatial strategy that can materialize.
This study defined balanced national development as the balanced development of national territory by setting multiple spatial units and achieving policy goals based on spatial units. The policy goal for balanced national development in metropolitan (city, provincial) and metropolitan linkage (city and provincial) spatial units is to pursue a dynamic balance of self-reliant regional economic growth base in terms of local economy, whereas the policy goal for balanced national development in the basic unit (city, county or township) will be based on the improvement of the living standards of residents.
When looking at policies for balanced national development by the previous administrations, each administration has different policy goals and spatial units for balanced national development. For balanced national development, major
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policy goals and spatial units presented by the previous administration need to be combined in various aspects. Roh Moo-hyun government‘s growth pole development policy is of great importance in that it tried to create growth engines in the provinces. Lee Myung-bak government's policies of the metropolitan economy are of great importance in that they recognized the importance of policies in metropolitan areas. Park Geun-hye, the government emphasized linkages and cooperation for improving the quality of life of residents in the balanced development of the larger implications.
Strategies for fostering local innovation hubs need to be pursued continuously, the promotion of network strategies for forming urban areas through links between these growth hubs and surrounding areas, and the development of metropolitan areas based on the linkage between these urban areas.
A multi-layered spatial structure for balanced development of national territory suggested metropolitan areas, urban areas and living areas. In particular, the metropolitan area divided the entire country into four zones and presented it as the basic unit for balanced development, and emphasized the importance of linkage between urban and urban areas for the formation and maintenance of the metropolitan areas. Living zones can be flexibly set up to meet the needs of residents to establish various zones.
The spatial strategy for realizing this multi-layered spatial structure was presented as the sharing of functions and roles between cities and the establishment of a network system. Since the roles for balanced national development are different for each city hierarchy, the sharing of functions and roles between cities is important. The metropolitan area can contribute to balanced national development in terms of basic economic and residential conditions through the linkage of small and medium-sized cities. In farming and
SUMMARY ․ 141 fishing villages and vulnerable areas, balanced national development can be achieved by providing basic living infrastructure and improving underdeveloped areas by supporting balanced development zones.
We need to strengthen our capabilities to suit the characteristics of each city.
Strengthening competitiveness from an economic perspective is important for fostering local metropolises. Large cities should lead the revitalization of local investment, job creation and regional specialization. The metropolitan area centered on large cities is important not only for the competitiveness of the economic aspects but also for the quality of life and the establishment of a competitive base for engagement, so the functions of administration, economy, welfare, culture, health care, education, science and technology and services should be established along with the establishment of infrastructure. When these are effectively built, the metropolitan area can contribute to balanced national development by serving as a regional stronghold to keep the capital in check.
In order to develop a balanced national territory and strengthen national competitiveness, it is also necessary to foster small and medium-sized cities within the region. The need for self-reliant and qualitative development of small and medium-sized cities is increasing due to the increased appetite for urban services such as quality of life and living SOCs. Education and transportation supply services should be continuously provided to local small and medium-sized cities to help them become regional development hubs in order to minimize further population and function deviations of small and medium-sized cities that are declining due to population reduction and aging.
In areas that are understated due to population outflow and aging, policy efforts to expand the population resettlement base and maintain and attract the population need to be strengthened. In particular, education, health care,
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welfare, participation, and culture related to the ‘quality of life’ of local residents should be fully considered.
With the development of transportation and communication, urban areas are expanding outwardly and residents' living areas are gradually expanding. The need for cooperation with neighboring local governments is increasing in order to resolve pending issues within the metropolitan area due to wide-areaization.
In particular, the need to establish a network system is increasing as responses from a wide area level are needed more to address joint issues such as the establishment and improvement of transportation systems in the metropolitan area, the deployment and utilization of metropolitan facilities, and the linkage of functions.
In addition, in order for the metropolitan area to function as a region for balanced national development, the establishment of a wide-area transport network is necessary. Through the expansion of the wide-area transport network, the government can enhance the competitiveness of the entire national territory and improve the quality of life at the regional level.
It proposed the establishment of a wide area planning system and governance to efficiently implement the spatial strategy for balanced development of national territory as legal and institutional improvements. To establish a planning system for the metropolitan area, the government proposed a revision bill that included the transformation of the character and role of the plan in the current national territory planning system and a new plan for the metropolitan area.
In addition, it provided a way to enable the formation of a wide-area council in the current legal system in the short term as a way to establish wide-area governance. In the long run, it proposed the introduction of a wide-area body in the form of an administrative body that integrated planning and execution.
