116
OECD. 2006. the new paradigm policies and governance. OECD rural policy reviews. OECD publishing, Paris.
OECD. 2010. Rural policy reviews: strategies to improve rural service delivery.
OECD publishing, Paris.
OECD. 2014a. All on Board: Making Inclusive Growth Happen. OECD publishing, Paris.
OECD. 2014b. Report on the OECD Framework for Inclusive Growth. OECD, Paris.
OECD. 2015. How’s Life?. OECD publishing. Paris.
OECD. 2016. The Governance of Inclusive Growth: An Overview of Country Initiatives. OECD publishing, Paris.
OECD. 2017. GDP long-term forecast (indicator). doi: 10.1787/d927bc18-en (2017년 11월 8일 접속).
Royuela, V., P. Veneri and R. Ramos. 2014. Income Inequality, Urban Size and Economic Growth in OECD Regions. OECD Regional Development Working Papers. OECD Publishing. p.2.
UNDP 2017.7.5. Human Development Report. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/
human-development-index-hdi.
UN-Habitat. 2015. Inclusive Cities. Habitat III Issue Papers.
WEF. 2017. The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017.
World Bank. 2015. Inclusive Cities Approach Paper. GSURR.
World Bank. 2014. Inequality Is Bad for Growth of the Poor.(But Not for That of the Rich).Policy Research Working Paper 6963. p.2.
SUMMARY ․ 117
SUMMARY
Toward Balanced Regional Development in the Low-growth Era: Issues and Policy Implications
Ahn Hong-ki, Kim Soo Jin, Lee Meeyoung, Ha Soo-Jung, Hong Saheum, Kim David
Key words: Low growth, Popuilation decline, Balanced regional development, Regional policy
This study tries to provide policy directions reflecting the recent economic trends such as low-growth rate, aging and low fertility, and intensive economic polarization. In the low growth period, the absolute gap of growth rates between developed regions and less developed regions decreased while the relative gap between them increased. And the population decrease due to aging and low fertility might lead to labor force decrease and deteriorate the economic gap between urban and rural areas. Furthermore, economic polarization is not only the issue of individuals or corporations, but it can hinder social integration and constant growth.
The main issues and policy implications regarding balanced regional development are like the following. First, the population concentration in the capital region is continuing, but it is in a slowing trend, and the distribution of
118
interregional population in the non-capital region is continuously uneven, suggesting that we need to focus on growth gap between inter-areas in the capital region. Second, in terms of income, the gap of GRDP per capita between the areas in non-capital regions is found to be a major factor in the gap between metropolitan cities or provinces, rather than the gap between capital and non-capital regions. Third, the qualitative indicators on the concentration in the capital region indicate severe level of concentration rather than aggregated quantitative indicators.
In addition, the results of analyzing the land use patterns, and aging and low-fertility show that the trend of polarization in national territorial land use attributed to population concentration to metro cities and population hollowing in rural areas. Specifically, the trend of aging and low-fertility is expected to intensify the above polarization trend in land use pattern and provoke the migration of young population to the capital region, resulting in excessive population concentration in the capital region.
Lastly, the empirical results on the relationship between the equity of income distribution and regional economic growth is like the following. As income polarization has intensified, inclusive growth has emerged as an alternative strategy to sustainable growth. Income inequality in Korea has been deteriorating continuously since the high growth period, but recently it has improved somewhat and has been deteriorating again. Income polarization also shows a similar pattern. The relationship between economic growth and the equity of income distribution, which was unclear in the past, recently shows that the economic growth rate is higher in regions with higher
SUMMARY ․ 119 distribution equity in the last five years. In other words, it can be interpreted that the relationship between them is not negative.
The policy implications based on the above results are like the following.
First, it is necessary to shift the balance of the dichotomy between the capital and non-capital regions, to find a functional balance policy space outside the administrative district unit, and to avoid the separated development strategy between the capital and non-capital regions. Second, it is necessary to pursue stable, sustainable, and qualitative economic growth as the aim of balanced regional developments. Third, there is a need to promote the inclusive growth strategy for the people in regions. Finally, in order to achieve the above policy directions, this study suggests the policy tasks – 1) Establishment and management of consistent regional balanced development policy goals, 2) Establishing bases for qualitative balanced development policy in regions, 3) Establishment of a foundation for self-reliant regional balanced development.
118
interregional population in the non-capital region is continuously uneven, suggesting that we need to focus on growth gap between inter-areas in the capital region. Second, in terms of income, the gap of GRDP per capita between the areas in non-capital regions is found to be a major factor in the gap between metropolitan cities or provinces, rather than the gap between capital and non-capital regions. Third, the qualitative indicators on the concentration in the capital region indicate severe level of concentration rather than aggregated quantitative indicators.
In addition, the results of analyzing the land use patterns, and aging and low-fertility show that the trend of polarization in national territorial land use attributed to population concentration to metro cities and population hollowing in rural areas. Specifically, the trend of aging and low-fertility is expected to intensify the above polarization trend in land use pattern and provoke the migration of young population to the capital region, resulting in excessive population concentration in the capital region.
Lastly, the empirical results on the relationship between the equity of income distribution and regional economic growth is like the following. As income polarization has intensified, inclusive growth has emerged as an alternative strategy to sustainable growth. Income inequality in Korea has been deteriorating continuously since the high growth period, but recently it has improved somewhat and has been deteriorating again. Income polarization also shows a similar pattern. The relationship between economic growth and the equity of income distribution, which was unclear in the past, recently shows that the economic growth rate is higher in regions with higher
SUMMARY ․ 119 distribution equity in the last five years. In other words, it can be interpreted that the relationship between them is not negative.
The policy implications based on the above results are like the following.
First, it is necessary to shift the balance of the dichotomy between the capital and non-capital regions, to find a functional balance policy space outside the administrative district unit, and to avoid the separated development strategy between the capital and non-capital regions. Second, it is necessary to pursue stable, sustainable, and qualitative economic growth as the aim of balanced regional developments. Third, there is a need to promote the inclusive growth strategy for the people in regions. Finally, in order to achieve the above policy directions, this study suggests the policy tasks – 1) Establishment and management of consistent regional balanced development policy goals, 2) Establishing bases for qualitative balanced development policy in regions, 3) Establishment of a foundation for self-reliant regional balanced development.
