Retardation Effect on the Breach of the Earth Filled Embankment Using the Stiffener During Overtopping

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Received June 15 2012, Revised July 23 2012, Accepted April 17 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)

ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤͶǤͳ͵͹͹ ǤǤǤ

㴗ᣎ#ⷚ㉲ⴖ#⊲ᇓ⵪#⛢㐖⮎#᫮ἶ#Ⲓ἖⍓ዲ#⽾⮮㱦ኺ

ச૬෉ȵ઱ఢՍȵଲ਎ૈ

Joo, Yo Han, Yeo, Chang-geon, Lee, Seung Oh

Retardation Effect on the Breach of the Earth Filled Embankment Using the Stiffener During Overtopping

ABSTRACT

Most embankment of the reservoirs (99.1 %) have been constructed in the earth filled type in Korea because the construction of this type is less expensive and simpler than others such as concrete one. However, it has to be reinforced the slope to prevent the breach due to overtopping or piping under unexpected flood conditions. This study has been analyzed the retardation effect using three types (L, T, L ^* shape) of stiffener in order to reinforce embankment when they are collapsed by overtopping flow. Experimental results showed that L-type stiffener is the most effective in delaying the breaching of embankment and reducing the soil erosion when compared with others.

The reinforced embankment breaching showed that time delay was occurred about 1.73 to 2.29 times and the peak flowrate was reduced compared to non-stiffener embankments due to energy dissipation by collision and less soil erosion. The embankment breaching mostly leads to major damages because of the lack of repair time. Thus, since these stiffeners can resist the rapid breach, it would be possible to earn the time to emergency repair and lifesaving, as well as reduction of damages of embankment in downward region with decreasing peak flowrate. Results from this study would be used for the basis when establishing the emergency action plan for the reservoirs on the verge of hazard.

Key words : Overtopping, Embankment stiffener, Breach time, Breach retardation effect

Ⅹಾ

⩥ᰍǎԕᱡᙹḡ᮹ݡᇡᇥ(99.1 %)ᮡ⮺ݱᮝಽᯕ్⦽⩶᜾ᮡÕᖅእᬊᯕᱡಕ⦹Ł݅ෙ᜽Ŗᅕ݅᜽Ŗᖒᯕᬊᯕ⦹ᩍฯᮡᱡᙹḡÕᖅᨱ₥

ᕾ⦹Ł, ྕᅕvᱽℕᨱእ⦹ᩍᅕvᰍᖅ⊹ᱽℕᨱᕽᇶƕḡᩑᮝಽᯙ⦽⦝⧕qᗭ⬉ŝෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. əđŝᇶƕᇡᨱᕽၽᔾ⦹۵⮱෥ᯕᅕ vᰍ᪡∊࠭⦹ᩍᇥᔑࢉᮝಽᯙ⧕ᨱթḡqᖙ⬉ŝෝwíࡹᨕ☁ᔍ᮹⋉᜾ᗮࠥaqᗭ⦹Łᯕᨱ঑ෙᇶƕၽݍᗮࠥaḡᩑࡹ۵⩥ᔢᯕšₑ

ࡹᨩ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᩑǍđŝᨱ঑௝ᅕvᰍ᮹ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝෝྕᅕvᱽℕ᪡እƱ⧁Ğᬑ, ᇶƕၽᔾᨱᕽᇶƕ᳦ഭʭḡ᧞1.732.29 ႑᮹᜽e ḡᩑᯕၽᔾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑℉ࢱᮁ⇽ప᮹qᗭ⬉ŝaӹ┡ԍ݅. ᱡᙹḡᱽℕᇶƕ۵ᇶƕᇡ᮹ɪᗮ⦽ၽݍಽᯙ⧕ᯕෝʕɪ⯩ᅕᙹ⦹۵᜽eᯕᇡ᳒

⦹ᩍⓑ⦝⧕ಽᯕᨕḡíࡽ݅. ᔍ໕ᨱᅕvᰍෝᖅ⊹⦽Ğᬑᱽℕᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝಽᯙ⦹ᩍʕɪᅕᙹ᜽eၰᯙ໦Ǎ᳑᜽e᮹⪶ᅕaa܆⦹໑,

℉ࢱᮁ⇽పqᗭಽݱ⦹ඹᇡ᮹⦝⧕ෝqᗭ᜽┅۵⬉ŝaᯩᨕᱡᙹḡᇶƕᨱݡ⦽እᔢݡ⃹ĥ⫮ᙹพ᜽ʑⅩᯱഭಽ⪽ᬊ⧁ᙹᯩᮥäᮝಽ❱

݉ࡽ݅.

áᔪᨕ ᬵඹ, ᱽℕᅕvᰍ, ᇶƕ᜽e, ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝ

սėॡ

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1. ᕽು

ǎԕ׮ᨦᬊᱡᙹḡ۵2008֥ʑᵡ17,649}ᗭᯕ໑95.3%a

30֥ᯕᔢĞŝࡽי⬥⪵ࡽᱡᙹḡᯕ݅(׮ᨦᔾᔑʑၹᱶእᔍᨦ☖

ĥᩑᅕ, 2008). ੱ⦽ᱥℕᱡᙹḡ᮹97%ᯕᔢᯕᮁ⬉ᱡᙹప100อ m ³ ᯕ⦹ᯙ ᗭȽ༉ ᱡᙹḡᯕ݅. ǎaᙹᯱᬱšญ᳦⧊ᱶᅕ᜽ᜅ▽

(WAMIS) ᨱᕽǎԕᨱÕᖅࡹᨕᯩ۵ᱡᙹḡ᮹ᔍ໕ᅕvŖჶᮥ

᳑ᔍ⦽đŝ᧞57%ᨱ⧕ݚ⦹۵ᱡᙹḡ᮹ᔍ໕ᯕᯙŖᱢᯙᅕvᰍ aᨧᯕÕᖅࡹᨕᯩᨕᬵඹᇶƕᨱๅᬑ≉᧞⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅.

ǎԕᨱᖅ⊹ࡽݡᇡᇥᱡᙹḡ᮹ᵝ᫵༊ᱢᮡ׮ᨦᬊᙹŖɪᯕʑ

ভྙᨱᱡᙹḡᨱ⊹ᙹšಉ᜽ᖅᯙᙹྙᯕᨧÑӹᯱᩑᬵඹ᜾ᩍᙹ ಽaᵝಽᔍᬊࡹŁᯩᨕ, ᖅĥኩࠥෝⅩŝ⦽⪮ᙹၽᔾ᜽ᱡᙹḡෝ

ᬵඹ⦹Ñӹ⋉⚍⩥ᔢᯕၽᔾ⦹ᩍ❭ƕࢁᙹᯩ݅. ݡ⢽ᱢᯙ⦝⧕ᔍ ಡಽ۵2002֥┽⣮൉ᔍ(Rusa)ಽၽᔾ⦽870.5mm᮹Ḳᵲ⪙ᬑಽ

ᩍᇶƕࡹᨩ݅(┽⣮൉ᔍ⦝⧕⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍᅕŁᕽ, 2002). ↽ɝᨱ۵

2011 ֥ᱥᇢᱶᮮ᮹יᮡᱡᙹḡaᬵඹᨱ᮹⦽ᇶƕಽ⦹ඹᇡᨱ

ⓑ⦝⧕aၽᔾ⦹ᩡ݅(ᔩᱥᇢᝁྙ). ᯕ⃹ౝᱡᙹḡᇶƕ۵ᯱᵝ

ၽᔾ⦹۵ᰍӽᮡᦥܩḡอə⦝⧕Ƚ༉᪡ᅖǍእaⓍíၽᔾ⦹ʑ

ভྙᨱ⩥ᰍʑ⬥ᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙvᬑప᷾a᪡ʑ᳕ᱡᙹḡ᮹י⬥⩥

ᔢᨱእ∑ᅝভၹऽ᜽ᇶƕᨱݡ⦽ݡ₦ᮥᙹพ⦹ᩍ᧝⧁äᯕ݅.

ᯕ్⦽⮺ݱ᮹ᱽℕᇶƕ᪡šಉࡽǎԕᩑǍಽ۵⦽Õᩑ॒

(1985) ᯕ⮺ݱ᮹ᇶƕಽᯙ⦽ᮁ⇽ᙹྙłᖁᮥᔑᱶ⦹Ł, ᯥ᮹᮹

ݱᇶƕ׳ᯕ᪡❭ƕḡᗮ᜽e᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పၰᮁ⇽ᙹ

ྙłᖁᮥࠥ⇽⦹۵᜾ᮥᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. ᪅ԉᖁ॒(1989)ᮡ⮺ݱ᮹

ᱱḥᱢᯙᇶƕᨱݡ⦹ᩍSinghŝScarlatos (1988)ᯕᱽ᜽⦽ᙹ⦺

ᱢ༉⩶ŝFread (1985)᮹ྜྷญᱢ༉⩶ᯙBreach Erosion Model

ᮥእƱá᷾⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕᔢ┽(2001)۵ʑ᳕᮹⦹⃽ᱽႊ݉໕ॅᮥ

ʑᵡᮝಽษ൉⡎ŝĞᔍ॒ࠥ᮹ʑ⦹⦺ᱢ✚ᖒ⊹ॅᮥᄡ⪵᜽⍽

b ✚ᖒ ⊹ॅᯕ ᝅ⨹đŝ⊹ᨱ ᵝ۵ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ʡḥ⪮

(2001) ᮡᬵඹᨱ᮹⦽ᱽႊᇶƕ⧕ᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍᬵඹᨱ᮹⧕ၽᔾ⦽

ᱽႊ᮹ ᇶƕ⡎ŝ ḡᗮ᜽eᨱ ݡ⧕ ᩑǍ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ׮ᨕⅭᩑǍᬱ

}ᖁᨱš⦹ᩍᩑǍ⦹ᩡ݅. ᗭႊႊᰍℎ(2009)ᨱᕽ۵ᬵඹᙹᨱݡ

⦽₉ᙹๅ✙ᅕvჶᩑǍෝ☖⦹ᩍ₉ᙹๅ✙ෝᖅ⊹⧁Ğᬒඹᨱ

ݡ⦽ᱡ⧎ᖒᮥá☁⦹ᩡ݅. ↽ɝ᮹ᩑǍಽ۵ᯕݍᬱ॒(2012)ᯕ

ᬵඹᨱ᮹⦽ᱡᙹḡᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕÑ࠺ᨱݡ⧕ᩑǍ⦹ᩍᬵඹ᜽᮹

ᇶƕÑ࠺ŝ ⋉⚍ඹ ⧕ᕾ, ᔍ໕ᦩᱶ ⧕ᕾᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᩑǍ⦹ᩡ݅.

ǎ᫙᮹ᩑǍಽ۵Cristofano (1965)a↽Ⅹಽ⮺ݱᇶƕ᧲ᔢᨱ

ݡ⦽ᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮝ໑, McDonald᪡Langridge-Monopolis (1984) ۵ݱᇶƕ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙ✚ᖒᨱš⦹ᩍᩑǍ⦹ᩍᇶƕ݉໕᮹

⩶ᔢ, ᇶƕȽ༉, ᇶƕၽݍ᜽e, ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᨱš⦹ᩍᱶญ⦹ᩡ݅.

Coleman ॒(2002)ᮡᱽℕ᮹ᬵඹ⮱෥ᨱݡ⦽ᱽℕᇶƕ⩶ᔢ᮹

ၽݍŝᱶᮥᩑǍ⦹ᩡŁ, Chinnarasri ॒(2003)ᮡᱽℕᇶƕ᧲ᔢᮥ

ᰍഭ, घእ┩ Ğᔍ, ᮁప ᄡ⪵ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᝅ⨹ᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Froehlich (2008) ۵⮺ݱ᮹ᇶƕๅ}ᄡᙹ᪡əäॅ᮹ᇩ⪶ᝅᖒᨱ

ݡ⦽ᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽Mark Morris ॒(2005)ᮡImpact

⥥ಽ᱾✙ෝ☖⧕ᝅȽ༉ᱡᙹḡ᮹ᇶƕᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ᜽⦹ᩍᇶƕ⩶ᔢ ŝ ⪮ᙹᱥ❭, ᮁᔍᯕᘂᨱ ݡ⧕ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.

⩥ᰍʭḡǎԕ᫙ᩑǍ࠺⨆ᮥᇥᕾ⦽đŝᱽℕᇶƕᨱݡ⦽⪮ᙹ

❭ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ᪡ᱽℕᇶƕ᮹⋉᜾ၽݍŝๅ}ᄡᙹ᮹✚ᖒᨱݡ⦽

ᩑǍa ݅᧲⦹í ᙹ⧪ࡹᨩ݅. ⦹ḡอ ᬵඹ ⩥ᔢ ၽᔾ᜽ ᱽℕ᮹

⋉᜾ŝᱶᨱᕽᅕvᰍ᮹ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵Ⓧí݅൥ḡ ḡᦫᦥᯕᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥᫵⦹݅. ᱽℕᔍ໕ᨱ᭥⊹⦽ᅕvᰍ۵

ᵝಽᔍ໕☁ᔍ᮹ɪᗮ⦽⋉᜾⩥ᔢᮥ᪥⪵⦹۵ᩎ⧁ᮥ⧁ᙹᯩᮝ໑, ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍᯕ్⦽ᅕvᰍaᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕ

᜽ᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕෝḡᩑ᜽┅۵⬉ŝ᪡℉ࢱ⪮ᙹప᮹qᗭᨱݡ⧕

ᩑǍ⦹ᩡ݅. ᱡᙹḡᖅĥኩࠥⅩŝ⪮ᙹపၽᔾᨱ঑ෙᬵඹၽᔾᔢ

⫊ᨱᕽᱡᙹḡᔍ໕ᨱᅕvᰍᖅ⊹᜽ᯕᨱ঑ෙᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝෝ

ᅕvᰍ᮹⩶ᔢᨱ঑௝ᇥᕾ⦽đŝᅕvᰍ۵⩶ᔢŝ႑⊹ႊ⨆ᨱ

঑௝⋉᜾ᨱݡ⦽⬉ŝaⓍí݅෕໑ᯕ్⦽⋉᜾᮹✚ᖒᯕ℉ࢱᮁ

⇽ప᮹ ၽᔾⓍʑᨱ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ᵝ۵ äᮝಽ ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. ᅙ ᩑǍ۵

⪮ᙹ᜽ᱡᙹḡ᮹ᬵඹaၽᔾ⦹ᩍᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕaḥ⧪ࡹ۵ᔢ⫊ᮥ

aᱶ⦹ᩍ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡʑ ভྙᨱ ᬵඹᨱ ᮹⦽ ᇶƕa ᦥܭ ᱽℕᨱ

ၽᔾ⦽ ❭ᯕ⦲ ⩥ᔢᯕӹ ᔍ໕ ⋉᜾ ⩥ᔢ ॒ᨱ ᮹⦽ ݅ෙ ᇶƕ

᫵ᯙᨱ۵ᅙđŝෝᱢᬊ⦹ʑᨕಅᬑအಽ, ᬵඹಽᯙ⦽ᇶƕᯕ᫙᮹

ᇶƕᬱᯙᨱ ݡ⦽ᅕvᰍ᮹⬉ŝᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵⇵aᱢᯙᝅ⨹ᩑǍa

⦥᫵⦹݅. ᯕ్⦽ᩑǍđŝෝ☖⧕ᱡᙹḡᬵඹ᜽ᔍ໕ᅕvᰍ᮹

ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝ۵⦹ඹᇡ᮹℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᮥᱡq᜽┅Łᯕᨱ঑ෙᱡ ᙹḡ⦹ඹᇡ᮹Ǎ᳑ྜྷ❭ƕၰᖙǕ❭ƕ᮹qᗭ, ᱡᙹḡᇶƕḡᩑ

⬉ŝಽᯙ⦹ᩍ⦹ඹᇡÑᵝၝ᮹እᔢݡ⦝᜽e⪶ᅕෝ☖⦹ᩍ⦝⧕

ෝ ᱡq᜽┍ ᙹ ᯩᮥ äᮝಽ ᩩᔢࡽ݅.

2. ᯕು

2.1 ۭऊ֏࠻Թ࣡৤

ݱᇶƕ᮹ๅ}ᄡᙹ᮹đᱶᨱš⦽ʑ᳕᮹ᩑǍॅᮡŝÑݱ

ᇶƕ⦝⧕ḡᩎᨱᕽ⊂ᱶࡽᇶƕḡᗮ᜽e, ᇶƕ⡎, ᔍ໕Ğᔍ॒ŝ

zᮡǍ᳑ᱢๅ}ᄡᙹಽᕽš⊂ᯱഭ᮹⫭ȡᇥᕾᮥ☖⦽Ğ⨹Ŗ᜾

ᮥࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅. JohnsonŝIlles (1976)ᮡᔍಆݱ, ⎹Ⓧญ✙ᵲಆݱ ŝᦥ⊹ݱ᮹❭ƕ⩶ᔢᮥ⃹ᮭᮝಽᩩ⊂⦹ᩡ݅. ᔍಆݱ᮹Ğᬑᔝb

⩶᮹༉᧲ᮝಽᇶƕa᜽᯲ࡹᨕᔍ݅ญΕ᮹⩶┽ಽᇶƕaҾӹ۵

äᮝಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᇶƕ⡎( ) ᮡݱ׳ᯕ( Ɔ Ƃ ) ᮹⧉ᙹಽ ᔍಆݱᨱ

ᕽ0.5 Ɔ _Ƃ < <3 _Ɔ _Ƃ ᮹ჵ᭥ᨱᕽၽᔾ⦹۵äᮝಽᩑǍࡹᨩ݅. Singh

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Table 1. Values of _ƀ according to the reservoir size Size of Reservoir (m ³ ) _ƀ (m)

< 1.23×10 ⁶ 6.1

1.23×10 ⁶ ~ 6.17×10 ⁶ 18.3 6.17×10 ⁶ ~ 1.23×10 ⁷ 42.7

> 1.23×10 ⁷ 54.9

ŝSnorrason (1982, 1984)ᮡ20⫭᮹ᇶƕᔍಡᮥ☖⧕Ğ⨹᜾ᮥ

ࠥ⇽⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᇶƕ ⡎( )ᮡ 2 Ɔ _Ƃ < < 5 _Ɔ _Ƃ , ↽ݡ ᬵඹ ᙹ᭥

( _Ƃ _ƍƔƒƍƎƎ ) ۵ ×íÎÒƋ = Ƃ ƍƔƒƍƎƎ = ×íÓÎƋ ᮹ ჵ᭥ಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.

McDonald᪡ Langridge-Monopolisᮡ ݱ᮹ ᇶƕ ᜽ ⋉᜾ࡽ

ᱽℕ ᬊᱢᮥ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ ݱ ᇶƕ᮹ ⦹ᇡ ⡎ŝ ݱ ᇶƕᨱ Ùญ۵

᜽eᮥ ᔑᱶ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᜾ᮥ ᱽᦩ⦹ᩡ݅. ᜾ (1)᮹ Earthfillᮡ

⮺ݱᮝಽ ᯕ൉ᨕḥݱ Ǎᖒ ᯦ᯱaɁḩ⦽ ᔢ┽ᨱᕽ᮹ ݱᇶƕ

༉᮹᜽ᔍᬊࡹŁ, Non-earthfillᮡݱᮥǍᖒ⦹۵᯦ᯱॅᯕɁḩ⦹

ḡ ༜⧁ ভ᮹ ݱ ᇶƕ ༉᮹ ᜽ ᔍᬊࡽ݅.

p _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ á ×í×ÏÓÎÞp _ƍƓƒ Z Ɔ _ƕ ß ^×íÔÓÖ ÞſƐƒƆƄƇƊƊß p ƃƐƍƂƃƂ á ×í××ÐÑÕÞp _ƍƓƒ Z Ɔ ƕ ß ^×íÕÒÏ Þ§ƍƌàƃſƐƒƆƄƇƊƊß ƒ _Ƅ á ×í×ÎÔÖÞp _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ ß ^×íÐÓÑ

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ᩍʑᕽ, p ƍƓƒ ᮡ ݱ ᇶƕ ᜽ ݕᙹ ᮁ⇽ ᬊᱢ(m ³ ), _p _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ ۵

ݱᇶƕ᜽⋉᜾ࡽᱽℕᬊᱢ(m ³ ), _Ɔ _ƕ ۵ݱᬵඹ᜽ᙹ᭥Ł(m), ƒ Ƅ ۵ ݱ ᇶƕᨱ Ùญ۵ ᜽e(hr)ᮥ ӹ┡ԙ݅. ᭥᮹ ŝᱶᨱ ᮹⧕

ݱ ⦹ᇡ᮹ ᇶƕ ⡎ᮥ ᔑᱶ⦹í ࡹ໑, ᔑᱶ᜾ᮡ ᜾ (2)᪡ z݅.

° _ƀ á ć Ɔ _ƀ Þ âƆ _ƀ ³ _Ð îÏß p _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ à Ɔ _ƀ ^Ï Þ³ _ƀ âƆ _ƀ ³ _ƀ ³ _Ð îÐß

(2)

ᩍʑᕽ ° ƀ ۵ݱᇶƕ᮹⦹ᇡ⡎(m), Ɔ ƀ ۵ݱᇶƕᇡḡ໕᮹

׳ᯕ(m), C۵ݱษ൉᮹⡎(m), ³ _ƀ ۵ᇶƕᔍ໕᮹Ğᔍ(h:v)ᯕ໑ McDonald᪡Langridge-Monopolis۵0.5ಽᱽᦩ⦹Łᯩ݅. ³ Î ۵

ݱᔢඹᇡ᮹Ğᔍ(h:v), ³ _Ï ۵ݱ⦹ඹᇡ᮹Ğᔍ(h:v), ³ _Ð ۵ ³ _Î â³ _Ï ᯕ݅.

FERC (1987)۵ ᜾ (3)ŝ ᜾ (4)ᨱᕽ ݅ᮭŝ zᯕ ݱ ᇶƕ

ๅ}ᄡᙹෝ ᔑᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.

Ɔ _Ƃ ï ï ÒƆ _Ƃ

×íÏÒ ï ³ ï ÎÞƃƌƅƇƌƃƃƐƃƂì ƁƍƋƎſƁƒƃƂƂſƋƑß Î ï ³ ï ÏÞƌƍƌà ƃƌƅƇƌƃƃƐƃƂì ƑƊſƅ ƐƃƄƓƑƃ ƂſƋƑß

(3)

ᩍʑᕽ, B۵ᇶƕ⡎ᯕŁZ۵ᇶƕᇡ᮹ᙹ⠪ᔍ໕Ğᔍĥᙹ(Z ᙹ⠪: 1 ᙹḢ)ᯕ݅. ੱ⦽᜾(4)ᨱᕽ ƒ _Ƅ ۵ᇶƕ᜽eᮥ᮹ၙ⦽݅.

×íÎ ï ƒ Ƅ ï ÎƆƍƓƐƑ ÞƃƌƅƇƌƃƃƐƃƂì ƁƍƋƎſƁƒƃƂƃſƐƒƆƂſƋß

×íÎ ï ƒ _Ƅ ï ×íÒƆƍƓƐƑÞƌƍƌà ƃƌƅƇƌƃƃƐƃƂì ƎƍƍƐƊƗ ƁƍƋƎſƁƒƃƂß (4)

Froehlich (1995) ۵ݱᇶƕๅ}ᄡᙹᔑᱶႊჶᮝಽ᜾(5)ŝ

zᯕ ݱ ᇶƕ᮹ ⠪Ɂ ⡎ŝ ݱ ᇶƕᨱ Ùญ۵ ᜽e᮹ ᔑᱶ᜾ᮥ

ᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅.

_ſƔƃ á ×íÎÕ×Ð¤ _ƍ p _ƕ ^×íÐÏ Ɔ _ƀ ^×íÎÖ ƒ Ƅ á ×í××ÏÒÑp _ƕ ^×íÒÐ Ɔ ƀ à×íÖ×

(5)

ᩍʑᕽ, _ſƔƃ ۵ݱ ᇶƕ᮹⠪Ɂ⡎(m), ¤ _ƍ ۵ĥᙹಽᕽ ᬵඹ (Overtopping)ᨱݡ⦹ᩍ1.4, ❭ᯕ⦲(Piping)ᨱݡ⦹ᩍ1.0ᮝಽ

ᱽᦩ⦹Ł, p _ƕ ۵ݱ᮹ݕᙹᬊᱢ(m ³ )ᮥӹ┡ԕŁ, Ɔ _ƀ ۵ݱᇶƕᇡ

ḡ໕᮹ ׳ᯕ(m), ƒ Ƅ ۵ ݱ ᇶƕᨱ Ùญ۵ ᜽eᮥ ӹ┡ԙ݅.

Von ThunŝGillette (1990)aᱽ᜽⦽ݱᇶƕๅ}ᄡᙹᔑᱶ

ႊჶᮝಽݱᇶƕ᮹⠪Ɂ⡎ŝݱᇶƕᨱÙญ۵᜽eᮥᔑᱶ⧁

ᙹ ᯩ݅. ᜾ (6)᮹ erosion resistant۵ ⋉᜾ᨱ ᯩᨕᕽ ᱡ⧎⦹۵

ݱǍᖒ᯦ᯱaɁḩ⦹ḡᦫᮡᔢ┽᮹ݱᇶƕ༉᮹᜽ᔍᬊ⦹Ł, easily erodible۵ ⋉᜾ᯕ ᛍᬕ ݱ Ǎᖒ ᯦ᯱa Ɂḩ⦽ ᔢ┽᮹

ݱ ᇶƕ ༉᮹ ᜽ ᔍᬊࡽ݅.

_ſƔƃ á ÏíÒƆ _ƕ â _ƀ

ƒ _Ƅ á ×í×ÏƆ _ƕ â×íÏÒ ÞƃƐƍƑƇƍƌ ƐƃƑƇƑƒſƌƒß ƒ Ƅ á ×í×ÎÒƆ _ƕ ÞƃſƑƇƊƗ ƃƐƍƂƇƀƊƃß

(6)

ᩍʑᕽ _ſƔƃ ۵ݱᇶƕ᮹⠪Ɂ⡎(m), Ɔ _ƕ ۵ݱᬵඹ᜽ᙹ᭥Ł (m), _ƀ ۵ᱡᙹḡⓍʑ᮹⧉ᙹ, ƒ Ƅ ۵ݱᇶƕᨱÙญ۵᜽e(hr)ᮥ

᮹ၙ⦹໑, ᱡᙹḡⓍʑ᮹⧉ᙹ( _ƀ ) ۵Table 1ᨱ᮹⧕đᱶࡽ݅.

ᅙᩑǍ۵ʑ᳕᮹ᩍ్ݱᇶƕๅ}ᄡᙹ᮹ᔑᱶŖ᜾ᵲᨱᕽ

እƱᱢᝁ഑ᖒᮥwŁᯩ۵McDonald᪡Langridge-Monopolis (1984), Froehlich (1995), Von ThunŝGillette (1990)aᱽ᜽⦽

Ŗ᜾ᮥ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩡ݅.

2.2 ৤ࠤࡦ෴ଭঃॷ࣑ಀ

ᔢᔍჶ⊺ᯕ௡ᬱ⩶ᨱᕽ⮱෥ᮥḡ႑⦹۵ḡ႑ಆ᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥ༉⩶

ᨱᕽəݡಽᱢᬊ᜽┅۵äᯕအಽ༉⩶ᨱᕽࠥᬱ⩶ŝzᮡḡ႑ಆ

(4)

(a) The Experiment Channel & Embankment (b) The Specification of Experimental Embankment

6MUSBTPOJD

-FWFM(BVHF 6QTUSFBN &NCBOLNFOU)FBE %PXOTUSFBN

(c) Installation of Water Level Measuring Device

Fig. 1. Schematic Diagram of The Embankment Overtopping Experiment Setup ᯕ ᙹญ⦺ᱢ Ñ࠺ᮥ ḡ႑⧕᧝ ⦽݅. ə్ӹ ᬱ⩶ᨱᕽ۵ ᵲಆ᮹

ḡ႑ෝၼ۵⮱෥ᔢ┽a༉⩶᮹⇶⃺ᯕŝ݅⦽Ğᬑᙹᝍᯕթྕ

᯲ᦥᲙᕽᱱᖒಆ ԕḡ۵⢽໕ᰆಆ᮹ḡ႑ෝྕ᜽⧁ᙹᨧíࡹ۵

Ğᬑࠥᯩ݅. ᯕ్⦽ၵ௭Ḣ⦹ḡ༜⦽⇶⃺⬉ŝ(Scale effect)ෝ

႑ᱽ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ ⇶⃺ᮥ đᱶ⧁ ভ ᬱ⩶ŝ ༉⩶ᨱᕽ᮹ ᔢ┽a

zᮡḡ႑ಆ᮹ᔢššĥ⦹ᨱᯩࠥಾ༉⩶ᨱᕽᯝᱶ⊹ᙹෝᅕᰆ⧕

ᵥ⦥᫵aᯩ݅. ༉⩶ᮡᗭ⇶⃺ᮝಽⓍíᱽ᯲⦹۵äᯕၵ௭Ḣ⦹ḡ อ༉⩶᮹⇶⃺ᮡ⊂ᱶᱶࠥ᪡ᝅ⨹ᖅእ᮹Ƚ༉᪡⩥ᔢ᮹ᔢᔍᖒ

॒ᮥŁಅ⦹ᩍđᱶ⦹ᩍ᧝⦽݅. ᅙᝅ⨹᮹Ğᬑ1/20Ƚ༉ಽ⇶ᗭ⦽

ᱽℕෝʑᵡᮝಽᖅĥ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ۵ݱᇶƕᝅ⨹᮹}ᙹಽ⇶ᗭ༉⩶

ᇶƕᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹۵äᮥᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ, ⦹ḡอᔢᔍჶ⊺ᮥᱢᬊ⧁

ᙹᨧ۵ᱽℕᰍഭෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩍᝅ⨹⦹ᩡʑভྙᨱ᪽łࡽᔢᔍෝ

ᱢᬊ⦹Ñӹđŝsᮥྕ₉ᬱ⪵⦹ᩍᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ᧝ᝅ⨹đŝෝ⪽ᬊ⧁

ᙹᯩ݅. ᯕᨱ঑௝ᩑǍđŝෝྕ₉ᬱ⪵⦹ᩍᇥᕾ⦹ᩡᮝ໑∊ᇥ⯩

ᇥᕾᯕ a܆⦽ đŝෝ ࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅.

3. ᙹญᝅ⨹

3.1 ৤ࠤਓ෠ࡦ෴

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵Fig. 1(a)᪡zᮡ}ᙹಽᝅ⨹ᰆ⊹(ʙᯕ10m,

⡎1.5m)ᨱᕽᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. ⮱෥᮹⇶ᗭᗱᝅ᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥ

↽ᗭ⪵⦹Ł⮱෥᮹ᦩᱶᮥ᭥⦹ᩍᙹ᳑ᨱᕽ8.0m ḡᱱᨱᱡᙹḡ

ᱽℕෝᖅ⊹⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᱽℕ᮹ᱽᬱᮡʙᯕ1.5m, ׳ᯕ0.4m, ⡎

1.8m, ษ൉ᇡ⡎0.2m, Ğᔍ1:2ಽFig. 1(b)ᨱӹ┡ӹᯩ݅. ᱽℕ᮹

ᇶƕ ⩶ᔢ᮹ ᄡ⪵۵ ॵḡ▙ ⌁⎵޵ 2ݡෝ ᱽℕ ᇶƕᇡ ᱶ໕ŝ

ᔢᇡᨱᖅ⊹⦹ᩍ᜽eᨱ঑ෙᇶƕ⡎, ᇶƕᝍၰᇶƕ⩶ᔢᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹

ᩍᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽Ⅹᮭ❭ᙹ᭥ĥෝFig. 1(c)᪡zᯕݱℕᔢඹᇡ, ษ൉ᇡ, ᇶƕᇡᨱⅾ3ʑෝᖅ⊹⦹ᩍᬵඹၽᔾ᜽᜽eᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙ

ᙹ᭥ᄡ⪵ෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕෝ☖⦹ᩍᙹ᭥ᄡ⪵ෝ☖⦽ᮁ⇽పĥᔑ

ᮥ ☖⦹ᩍ ᅕvᰍᄥ ᇶƕḡᩑ ⬉ŝෝ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.

3.2 ਓ෠୺Սࢫࢺ࣑

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵⮺ݱᱽℕᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝෝ⊂ᱶ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᬵඹ᜽

ᅕvᰍ⩶ᔢᄥᇶƕᝅ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙᝅ⨹᮹༊ᱢᮡᅕvᰍ

ᖅ⊹ᨱ ঑ෙ ᇶƕḡᩑ ⬉ŝෝ ᦭ᦥᅕʑ ᭥⦽ äᮝಽ ᅕvᰍ۵

L⩶, T⩶, L ^* ⩶ ⅾ 3aḡ ᳦ඹa ᔍᬊࡹᨩ݅. ᅕvᰍ᮹ ⩶ᔢᮡ

ᬵඹ᜽⬉ŝᱢᯙᱽℕᅕ⪙ෝ᭥⧕☁ᔍᅕ⪙ℕᱢᯕbʑ݅෕í

ॵᯱᯙ⦽ᅕvᰍಽaᰆ⬉ŝᱢᯙ⩶┽ෝ᦭ᦥᅕʑ᭥⧕Ǎᇥ⦹ᩍ

ᝅ⨹⦹ᩡ݅. ᙹญᝅ⨹ ᳑Õᮡ ᮁ᯦ᮁప 2×10 ^-3 m ³ /s ಽ ᅕvᰍa

ᨧ۵Ğᬑ᪡L⩶, T⩶, L ^* ⩶ᅕvᰍෝእƱ⦹ᩍᝅ⨹⦹ᩡ݅. ᮁ᯦ᮁ

పᮡᝅᱽᱡᙹḡᖅĥ⪮ᙹపⅩŝ᜽ၽᔾ⦹۵ᬵඹᔢ⫊ᮥᰍ⩥⦹

ʑ᭥⦽᳑Õᮝಽᝅ⨹ᰆȽ༉᪡Ⅹʑᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦽ᇶƕၽݍ᜽eᮥ

á☁⦹ᩍᖁᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ᮁపᮡ90° ᔝb᭥ᨕෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩍᙹ᭥ᮁపł ᖁᮥᔑ⇽⦹ᩍᮁ᯦ᮁప2×10 ^-3 m ³ /sᮝಽŖɪ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᮁపŖɪ

᜽᭥ᨕ⦹ᇡᨱᱶඹʑ܆ᮥ⧁ᙹᯩ۵Ŗeŝ∊ᇥ⦽ᙹಽʙᯕෝ

☖⧕ᔢඹᔍ໕ᯕᬵඹᱥʭḡ❭࠺ᨱ᮹⦽⋉᜾ᯕၽᔾ⦹ḡᦫࠥಾ

Łಅ⦹ᩡ݅. ᱽℕ᮹ᅕvᰍᨱ঑ෙ݉ĥᄥᇶƕၽݍ᜽e, ᔢඹ᪡

ᇶƕᇡ, əญŁ ⦹ඹ᮹ ᙹ᭥ᄡ⪵, ᇶƕ⡎ŝ ᮁ⇽పᮥ ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩍ

(5)

-UZQF 5UZQF -

^

UZQF

50mm

55 m m

50mm

55m m

50mm

55 m m

&NCBOLNFOU

4UJGGFOFST

(a) The Shape of L type, T type, L*type Stiffener (b) Stiffeners Arrangement within embankment Fig. 2. Stiffener's Type & Arrangement for Embankment Breach Experiments

ʑ᳕ྕᅕvᱽℕ᪡ᅕvᰍᄥᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝෝእƱ⦹ᩡ݅. ࠺ᯝ⦽

ᬵඹ⩥ᔢᮥ᭥⦹ᩍᱽℕᵲᦺᇡᨱᔍ݅ญΕ⩶ᔢᮝಽʫᯕ30mm, թእ100mmಽᮁࠥᙹಽෝᖅ⊹⦹ᩡ݅. ᝅ⨹᮹᜽᯲ᮡᬵඹᙹa

ᱡᙹḡᱽℕ᮹⦹ඹᔍ໕ᨱၽᔾ⦹۵᜽ᱱᮥ᜽᯲᜽eᮝಽᖅᱶ⦹

Ł᳦ഭ۵↽᳦ᇶƕ⡎ᯕၽݍ⦹Łᇶƕᇡ᮹⮱෥ᯕᔢඹᔢ┽ෝ

ᮁḡ⦹۵ ᔢඹᇡ ᙹ᭥ 50mmᨱ ࠥݍ⧁ ভ ᝅ⨹ᮥ ᳦ഭ⦹ᩡ݅.

ᯕჩᝅ⨹᮹ᙹ⧪ŝᱶᮥ☖⧕ၽᔾࡹ۵ᝅ⨹᮹⦽ĥᔍ⧎ᮡ݅ᮭ

ŝ z݅. ᬑᖁ ࠺ᯝ⦽ ᳑Õᮝಽ ࠺ᯝᯙᯕ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡḡอ ☁ᔍ᮹

እɁḩ(Heterogeneous) ✚ᖒᔢᝅ⨹᮹ᰍ⩥ᖒᯕๅᬑԏʑভྙᨱ

࠺ᯝ⦽ᝅ⨹ᮥ3⫭ၹᅖ⦹ᩍ⠪Ɂᱢᯙsᮥᔍᬊ⦹ᩍᝅ⨹s᮹

┡ݚᖒᮥá☁⦹ᩍ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽ݱℕ᮹ᱽ᯲ŝᱶ᜽☁ᔍ᮹

᜖ᮅᔢ┽ෝ࠺ᯝ⦹íᮁḡ⦹ʑ᭥⧕☁ᔍෝݡ⩶እܱ⡍ݡಽߏŁ

ᙹᇥ᮹᷾ၽᮥ↽ݡ⦽ᨖᱽ⦹ᩡ݅. ⦹ḡอݱℕ᮹Ɂᯝ⦽݅ḱࠥ᪡

ᬵඹ᳑Õࠥၙᖙ⦹í᪅₉aၽᔾ⧁ᙹၷᨱᨧᨕᝅ⨹ᱢ⦽ĥ᳑Õ ᮝಽ ᖅᱶ⦹ᩍ ᝅ⨹⦹ᩡ݅.

3.3 ࣪Գ୍෴ঃࢫࢼ౿෴೾

ᝅ⨹ᨱᔍᬊࡽᅕvᰍ۵3aḡ⩶ᔢᮝಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍᱽ᯲⦹ᩡ݅.

L ⩶, T⩶, L ^* ⩶ᅕvᰍಽᕽࢱ̹5mm᮹ᮁ႒ᔪᦥⓍตಽᱽ᯲⦹ᩍ

ᖅ⊹⦹ᩡ݅. ᅕvᰍ᮹ȽĊᮡaಽ50mm, ᖙಽ55mm, ⡎100mm ಽɁᯝ⦹íᱽ᯲⦹ᩡ݅(Fig. 2(a) ₙ᳑). L⩶ŝL ^* ⩶ᮡʑ᳕᮹

ᅕvᰍa ⦡⩶ᮝಽ ḡḡ⦹۵ äᯕ ᬵඹ ၽᔾ᜽ ⢽໕᮹ ☁ᔍa

⋉᜾ࡽᯕ⬥ᨱ۵ᅕ⪙⬉ŝaᨧᨕ, ᔍ໕ᨱš᯦ࡽᅕvᰍ໕ᯕ☁ᔍ ᮹⋉᜾ᮥḡᩑ᜽┅۵⬉ŝෝŁಅ⦹ᩍᱽ᯲⦹ᩡ݅. ᅕvᰍ᮹š᯦

᜽∊Ċᨱ᮹⦹ᩍ❭ᗱࡹ۵⩥ᔢᮥႊḡ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᅕvᰍᱲ⧊ᇡ ᨱᔝb⩶ᦥⓍตᮥᅕv⦹ᩍᅕvᰍa∊ᇥ⦽vࠥෝᮁḡ⦹ࠥಾ

⦹ᩡ݅. ᅕvᰍ႑⊹۵ᇶƕ⮱෥ၽݍᨱⓑᩢ⨆ᮥᵝ۵᫵ᗭᯕӹ, ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ ᅕvᰍ ⩶ᔢᨱ ঑ෙ ᩢ⨆อᮥ ᇥᕾ⦹ʑ ᭥⦹ᩍ, bᝅ⨹᜽࠺ᯝ⦽႑⊹ಽᬵඹ᜽ᇶƕ⮱෥ᯕ↽ݡ⦽ᇥᔑࡹᨕ

ᇶƕaḡᩑࡹࠥಾḡəᰍə⩶┽ಽaಽeĊ30mm, ᖙಽeĊ

50mmಽ႑⊹⦹ᩡ݅(Fig. 2(b) ₙ᳑). ᅕvᰍ᮹႑⊹⩶ᔢᮡⅩʑᨱ

݅᧲⦽⩶┽᮹႑⊹ෝᝅ⨹⦽đŝᅕvᰍa↽ݡ⦽ฯᯕ႑⊹⧁

Ğᬑᔍ໕☁ᔍ᮹Ʊ௡ᯕⓍíၽᔾ⦹ᩍ᪅⯩ಅḡḡ⬉ŝaਉᨕḡ ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ӹᯝᱶ⦽eĊᮥࢱŁᅕvᰍෝ႑⊹⦹ᩍ☁ᔍ᮹

Ʊ௡ၽᔾᮥ ↽ᗭ⪵⦹ᩍ ႑⊹⦹ᩡ݅.

3.4 ਓ෠୪఼୍ா൉ন

࠺ᯝ⦽᳑Õ᮹ᱽℕෝᝅ⨹ᙹಽᨱᱽ᯲⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᝅ⨹ᱽℕᨱ

ᔍᬊࡽᰍഭ۵᯦ࠥaᳬᮡᔍḩ☁(SW)ෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Ɂ॒ĥᙹ ۵6.0ᯕŁ, łශĥᙹ۵1.127ᯕᨩ݅. ੱ⦽ᱽℕᰍḩ᮹ᵲᦺ᯦Ğ (D ₅₀ )ᮡ0.85mmᯕ໑, ↽ᱢ⧉ᙹእ۵12.2%ᯕŁ, ↽ݡÕ᳑ၡࠥ۵

1.881kgf /cm ² ᯕ݅. ๅᝅ⨹᜽࠺ᯝ⦽ᱽℕෝᱽ᯲⦹ʑ᭥⧕ྕí

16.24kg᮹ ᱶᔍb⩶ ݅ḱ❱ᮥ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ ᱽℕෝ ↽ᱢ ⧉ᙹእಽ

Ɂᯝ⦹í݅ḱᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ݅ḱႊჶᮡᱽℕ᮹׳ᯕෝ10cma

ࡹࠥಾ☁ᔍෝᖒ☁⦽⬥݅ḱ❱ᮥ30cm ׳ᯕᨱᕽ5⫭Ӻ⦹⦹ᩍ

Ɂ॒⦽݅ḱᮥ⦹ᩡ݅. ݅ḱ᮹Ğᬑᝅ⨹ᯱᨱ঑௝᪅₉aၽᔾ⧁

ᙹ ᯩʑ ভྙᨱ ๅ⫭ ࠺ᯝᯙᯕ ᝅ᜽⦹ᩡ݅.

4. ᝅ⨹đŝᇥᕾ

ᝅ⨹đŝ۵3}ḡᱱᨱᖅ⊹ࡽⅩᮭ❭ᙹ᭥ĥᵲᙹ໕ᔢ┽a

ᦩᱶᱢᯙᔢඹᇡ᮹ᙹ᭥⊂ᱶಽəߑᯕ░ෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩍᙹ᭥ᮁపłᖁ ᨱݡ᯦⦹ᩍᝅᱽᇶƕ᜽ᮁ⇽పᮥࠥ⇽⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ੱ⦽ᇶƕ⡎

ၰᇶƕ᜽eᮥᵥᯱ᪡⌁⎵޵ෝ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍđŝෝࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅. ᯝᇡ

ᝅ⨹᮹Ğᬑ☁᧲᮹݅ḱࠥaɁᯝ⦹ḡ༜⦹ᩍ☁ᔍ᮹ᇶƕᇡa

ŝᰆࡹí ၽᔾ⦹۵ Ğᬑࠥ ᯩᨕ ᯕ్⦽ đŝ۵ ᱽ᫙⦹ᩍ zᮡ

᳑Õ᮹ᝅ⨹ᮥ3⫭ᨱᕽ5⫭ᝅ᜽⦹ᩍᦩᱶࡽđŝ3⫭ෝᔑᚁ⠪Ɂ

⦹ᩍ đŝෝ ࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅.

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Table 2. Comparison of each step for embankment breaching process

Breaching Process Earth filled Embankment (Hahn et al., 2000) Reinforced Embankment by Stiffeners

1 Step

Initiation of rill erosion Initiation of stepped rill erosion by stiffeners

2 Step

One or more master rills develop into a series of cascading overfalls

Fan shape flow on the embankment slope in the intervals of the stiffeners

3 Step

The cascade develops into a single upstream eroding headcut After the stiffeners drop out of slope, a single upstream eroding headcut

4 Step

Sidewall basal erosion results in mass failures and breach widening

Embankment sidewall breaks in the middle of outflow and breach widening with stiffener breakaway

5 Step

Breach reaches full width as headcut advances past the upstream crest

Breach reaches full width as headcut advances past the upstream crest same as unreinforced embankment

4.1 ऊ֏ۚծ࣢୪఼ऊ֏ઑঃ࣡ฃ

ᱡᙹḡᇶƕີ⍅ܩ᷹ᨱ঑ෙᇥᕾᮥ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍ᜽eᄡ⪵ᨱ

঑ෙ ݉ĥᄥ ᇶƕ᧲ᔢ ᄡ⪵ෝ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ʑ᳕ ᩑǍෝ ᇥᕾ⦽

đŝHahn ॒(2000)ᮡᔍ໕᮹ᬵඹ⮱෥ŝᇶƕ᧲ᔢ᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱ

঑௝5݉ĥ᮹ᇶƕᔢ┽ಽᇥඹ⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ʑ᳕᮹ᇶƕ

݉ĥᇥඹෝྕᅕvᱽℕ᪡ᅕvᰍᱽℕᨱᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᬵඹ⮱෥᮹

ᄡ⪵᪡ ᱽℕ᮹ ᇶƕ᧲ᔢ ᄡ⪵ෝ ᵲᝍᮝಽ 5݉ĥಽ Ǎᇥ⦹ᩡŁ, b ݉ĥᄥ ᇶƕ✚ᖒᮥ Table 2᪡ zᯕ Ǎᇥ⦹ᩍ ᱶญ⦹ᩡ݅.

1݉ĥ۵ᬵඹaᱽℕษ൉ᇡᨱᕽၽᔾ⦹ᩍ⦹ඹᇡᔍ໕ᨱ☁ᔍ

ෝ⋉᜾⦹໑ᗭȽ༉ᬵඹᙹಽෝၽݍ᜽┅۵݉ĥᯕ݅. Ⅹʑᬵඹᙹ

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Table 3. Dimensionless time of embankment breach for each stiffener types (Inflow : 2×10 ^-3 m ³ /s)

Breach Time Non L type T type L ^* type

t t vs. Non t vs. Non t vs. Non

1 step 0.018 0.034 1.89  0.024 1.33  0.021 1.17 

2 step 0.059 0.067 1.14  0.077 1.31  0.086 1.46 

3 step 0.333 0.323 0.97  0.272 0.82  0.713 2.14 

4 step 0.3 0.987 3.29  1.076 3.59  0.491 1.64 

5 step 0.29 0.423 1.46  0.284 0.98  1.115 3.84 

Total 1 1.834 1.83  1.733 1.73  2.289 2.29 

Peakflow occurrence time 0.509 1.333 2.62  0.772 1.52  0.982 1.93 

᮹ၽݍᮡᔍ໕Ğᔍ᪡☁ḩᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၼᮥᙹᯩᮝ໑ᱽℕᔍ໕ᨱ

Ⅹʑ ᙹಽෝ ঑௝ ĥᗮᱢᯙ ⋉᜾⩥ᔢᯕ ၽᔾ⦹ᩍ ᬵඹᙹ᮹ ᵝ

⮱෥☖ಽෝၽᔾ᜽┅۵݉ĥᯕ݅. ᅕvᰍ۵Ⅹʑ⮱෥ᯕᙹḢႊ⨆

ᮝಽ⋉᜾⦹۵äᮥႊḡ⦹ᩍྕᅕvᰍᨱእ⧕մᮡⅩʑ⮱෥ᯕ

ၽᔾ⦽݅.

2݉ĥ۵ᬵඹ⮱෥ᯕ⦹ඹᇡᔍ໕ᨱᕽĥ݉⩶⮱෥ᮝಽၽݍ⦹

۵݉ĥᯕ݅. ษ൉ᇡ⋉᜾ᮝಽᯙ⦹ᩍ ᇶƕ⡎ᯕ᷾a⦹íࡹ໑, ᯕಽᯙ⦹ᩍᬵඹపᯕ᷾a⦹໕ᕽ⦹ඹᇡᔍ໕ᨱᕽ۵ĥ݉⩶⮱෥

ᯕၽᔾ⦹íࡽ݅. ᯕ్⦽ĥ݉⩶⮱෥ᮡᔍ໕᮹☁ᔍෝ⋉᜾ᮥ

ḥ⧪᜽┅໑ᯕෝ☖⧕݅᜽ᬵඹపᯕ᷾a⦹۵ŝᱶᮥၹᅖ⦹໑

ᇶƕaḥ⧪ࡹအಽᱽℕ᮹⋉᜾ᯕaᗮ⪵ࡽ݅. ᅕvᰍᔍ໕᮹Ğᬑ

ᔍ໕ᔢᇡᨱᖅ⊹ࡽᅕvᰍaᙹḢ⋉᜾ၽݍᮥႊ⧕⦹ᩍᔍ໕ᬵඹ ᇡෝᵲᝍᮝಽᇡ₥Ε⩶ᔢᮝಽ⮱෥ᯕၽݍ⦹ᩍᔍ໕᮹ɪĊ⦽

⋉᜾ᮥ ႊḡ⦹۵ ⬉ŝෝ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅.

3 ݉ĥ۵ĥ݉⩶⮱෥ᯕᱽℕʑⅩᇡʭḡ⋉᜾⦽ᯕ⬥޵ᯕᔢ᮹

ᙹḢ⋉᜾ᮡၽݍ⦹ḡ༜⦹Łᇶƕᇡԕᇡᨱᕽᙹ᭥aᔢ᜚⦹í

ࡽ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᙹ᭥ᔢ᜚ᮡᱡᙹḡᱽℕ᮹ၵ݆ᇡḡḡ⊖᮹⋉᜾ᮥ

ၽᔾ᜽┅Ł⋉᜾ᮝಽᯙ⦽᳭ᬑ⊂ݱℕᨱᇶ௞ᯕၽᔾ⦹ᩍᱽℕ᮹

ᇶƕa⪽ၽ⦹íḥ⧪ࡹᨕᇶƕ⡎᮹ɪĊ⦽᷾aෝⅩ௹⦽݅. ᅕv ᰍᔍ໕᮹Ğᬑᅕvᰍaᬵඹ⮱෥ᨱᱡ⧎⦹݅aḡḡ☁ᔍ᮹ᮁᝅ ŝ⧉̹ᯕ┩ࡹᨕᇶƕᇡaၽݍ⦹۵᧲ᔢᮝಽᇶƕaḥ⧪ࡹᨩ݅.

4݉ĥ۵ ᱽℕ᮹ ᙹḢᇶƕa ҾӹŁ ᳭ᬑ⊂ ᱽℕ᮹ ᇶƕ⡎ᯕ

ၽݍ⦹ᩍ↽ݡᇶƕ⡎ʭḡࠥݍ⦹۵݉ĥಽ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᯕၽᔾ⦽

݅. 4݉ĥᨱᯕෝĞᬑ⦹ඹᇡᨱ⪮ᙹ❭aၽᔾ⦹íࡹအಽ4݉ĥᨱ

ᯕ෕ʑᱥʭḡݡ⦝᜽e⪶ᅕaᇶƕᨱ঑ෙᯙ໦⦝⧕ෝqᗭ᜽┅

۵ ᵲ᫵⦽ ᫵ᗭᯕ݅. ᅕvᰍ ᔍ໕ᮡ ᅕvᰍa ᱽℕ ⦹ඹ݉ᨱᕽ

ᱡ⧎⦹ᩍ℉ࢱᮁ⇽᮹Ƚ༉ෝqᗭ᜽⎑ᮝ໑ᱽℕ⦹ඹ݉᮹ᅕvᰍ ʭḡ᪥ᱥ⯩ᇶƕࡽᯕ⬥ᨱ۵޵ᯕᔢ᮹ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝaၽᔾ⦹ḡ

ᦫᦹ݅.

5݉ĥ۵↽ݡᇶƕ⡎ᯕ⬥ᮁ⇽పᯕqᗭ⦹໑ݱᇶƕ⮱෥ᯕ

᳦ഭ⦹۵݉ĥᯕ݅. ᯕ݉ĥᨱᕽ۵⮱෥ᯕᔢඹᔢ┽ෝᮁḡ⦹໑

޵ᯕᔢ᮹ᇶƕ⩥ᔢᯕၽᔾࡹḡᦫᮝ໑ᅕvᰍ᮹⬉ŝ۵ӹ┡ӹḡ

ᦫ۵ ݉ĥᯕ݅.

4.2 ऊ֏ਏԩ࣪Գ୍࣢ंজ

ᅕvᰍᄥᇶƕၽݍ᜽e᮹ḡᩑ⬉ŝෝᇥᕾ⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍᇶƕ

ၽݍ᜽eᮥྕᅕvᱽℕ᮹ⅾᇶƕ᜽e( ƒÝ )ᮝಽྕ₉ᬱ⪵⦹ᩍᅕv ᰍᄥᇶƕ݉ĥᗭ᫵᜽e(ⶸt)ෝTable 3ᨱӹ┡ԕᨩŁ, Fig. 3(a)ᨱ

ᇶƕ٥ᱢ᜽eᮥ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅.

ᅕvᰍ᮹ ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝ۵ Ⅹʑ ᇶƕၽݍ᜽ ᱽℕ᮹ ⋉᜾ᮝಽ

ၽݍ⦹۵⮱෥ᯕᅕvᰍᨱ∊࠭⦹۵ŝᱶᮥ☖⦹ᩍᨱթḡqᖙ⩥

ᔢᯕ ၽᔾ⦹Ł ᅕvᰍᨱ ᮹⦹ᩍ ⮱෥ᯕ ᳭ᬑಽ ᇥᔑࡹᨕ Ⅹʑ

ᇶƕၽݍᯕḡᩑࡹ۵⬉ŝෝӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. Ⅹʑᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝ۵

L ^* ⩶ᯕᇶƕ3݉ĥʭḡࠥݍ⦹۵ྕ₉ᬱ᜽e(t/t ^* ) ᯕaᰆʙí

ӹ┡ӹ⬉ŝaaᰆⓑäᮝಽᇥᕾࡹᨩᮝ໑əᬱᯙᮡⅩʑᬵඹ

ၽᔾ᜽ᅕvᰍ᮹᳭ᬑᄞℕaḡḡᇡ᮹☁ᔍෝᦩᱶᱢᮝಽᅕ⪙⦹

۵⬉ŝಽᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. T⩶ᮡᅕvᰍaᅕ⪙⦹۵☁ᔍ᮹ᇡ⦝a

L ⩶ŝL ^* ⩶ᨱእ⦹ᩍ᯲íӹ┡ӹᔢݡᱢᮝಽᅕv⬉ŝa᯲í

ӹ┡ӽäᮝಽᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. ᅕvࡽᱽℕᨱᕽӹ┡ӽᇶƕ᮹ᵝࡽ

Ğ⨆ᮡᱽℕᇶƕಽ⪶ݡࡹ۵ᇶƕ4݉ĥ᪡↽ݡᇶƕ⡎ᨱᕽᙹ᭥a

ᱱ₉ԏᦥḡ۵ᇶƕ5݉ĥᨱᕽྕᅕvᱽℕᨱእ⦹ᩍᰆ᜽eᨱ

Ù⊽ ᇶƕa ၽᔾ⦹ᩍ ᇶƕᨱ ঑ෙ ᮁ⇽పᯕ ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ ᯲í

ӹ┡ԍ݅. ↽ݡᇶƕ⡎ᯕၽᔾ⦹۵ᇶƕ4݉ĥၽᔾ᜽eᮡྕᅕv

ᱽℕᨱእ⦹ᩍL⩶3.29႑, T⩶3.59႑, L ^* ⩶1.64႑᪅௹ၽᔾ⦹ᩍ

ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝa׳ᮡäᮝಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ↽ݡᇶƕ⡎ࠥݍᯕ⬥

ᙹ᭥a ԏᦥḡ۵ 5݉ĥʭḡ۵ 0.98ಽ Ñ᮹ zÑӹ 3.84႑ʭḡ

ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝaၽᔾ⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ⅾᇶƕ᜽eᮡ1.73႑ ᨱᕽ 2.29႑ʭḡ ₉ᯕa ၽᔾ⦹ᩡ݅.

Fig. 3(b)ᨱᕽᱡᙹḡᙹ᭥-ᮁపłᖁŝᙹ᭥ĥෝ☖⧕⊂ᱶࡽ

ߑᯕ░ಽӹ┡ԙᅕvᰍᄥᇶƕ᜽e-ᮁ⇽పšĥෝྕᅕvᱽℕ᮹

ᇶƕ᜽e(t ^* )᪡℉ࢱᮁ⇽ప(Q ^* )ᮝಽྕ₉ᬱ⪵⦹ᩍᇥᕾ⦽đŝྕ

ᅕv᮹Ğᬑྕ₉ᬱ᜽e(t/t ^* ) 0.51 ᨱᕽ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పࠥݍ⬥ᮁ⇽ప

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(a) Breach accumulation time for each Stiffener Type (b) Outflow transition consequential breach time for each stiffener type Fig. 3. Accumulation and outflow time required of breach for each stiffener type

Fig. 4. Dimensionless upstream water Level transition for each stiffener type

Fig. 5. Dimensionless embankment head water level tansition for each stiffener type

ᯕᱱ₉ԏᦥḡ۵⩶┽ಽᇶƕaḥ⧪ࡹᨩ݅. L⩶ᅕvᰍ᮹Ğᬑ

℉ࢱᮁ⇽ᯕྕ₉ᬱ᜽e(t/t ^* ) 1.33ᨱᕽၽᔾ⦹ᩍ℉ࢱᮁ⇽ၽᔾ᜽e

ḡᩑᯕ݅ෙᅕvᰍᨱእ⦹ᩍⓑäᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ℉ࢱᮁ⇽ప᮹

Ⓧʑෝ እƱ⦽ đŝ L⩶ᮡ ྕᅕvᨱ እ⧕ ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᯕ ྕ₉ᬱ

ᮁప(Q/Q ^* ) 0.51 ಽqᗭ⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, T⩶ᮡ0.67ಽqᗭ⦹

ᩡ݅. L ^* ⩶ᅕvᰍ᮹Ğᬑྕᅕvᨱእ⦹ᩍ᪅⯩ಅ1.13ᮝಽ᷾a⦹

ᩍᅕvᰍ᮹Ⅹʑḡᩑ⬉ŝ۵Ⓧḡอᅕvᰍᯕ┩ᨱ঑௝r᯲ᜅ౑

ᇶƕᨱ ᮹⦽ ⦹ඹᇡ ⦝⧕a ၽᔾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ äᮝಽ ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.

4.3 ৤଍࣡ฃ࣪Գ୍࣢ंজ

ᙹ᭥ĥಽĥ⊂ࡽᙹ᭥ߑᯕ░۵ᙹ᭥aᅕvᰍ⩶ᔢᨱ঑௝ᇶƕ ḡᩑᨱ঑ෙᙹ᭥ᱡqᗮࠥa݅ෙšĥಽᔢݡᱢእƱෝ᭥⦹ᩍ

ᱡᙹḡᱽℕ᮹ᔢඹ, ᇶƕᇡ, ⦹ඹᨱᕽᅕvᰍᄥ↽ݡᙹ᭥(h max ) ᪡

ⅾ ᇶƕ᜽e(t max )ᮝಽ ྕ₉ᬱ⪵⦹ᩍ እƱ⦹ᩡ݅.

Fig. 4 ᨱӹ┡ӽđŝෝᇥᕾ⦹໕ᔢඹྕ₉ᬱᙹ᭥(h/h max ) a

1.0ᨱᕽ⦹v⦹۵ᇡᇥᯕᇶƕᇡᔢඹᨱᕽL⩶᮹ĞᬑⅩʑᬵඹ

ၽᔾ⬥ᙹ᭥ᱡqłᖁ᮹Ğᔍࠥaaᰆ᪥อ⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ӹᇶƕ

᜽ ᇶƕᇡ᮹ ၽݍᯕ aᰆ ۱ಅᕽ ᅕvᰍ᮹ ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝa ⓑ

äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, T⩶᮹ Ğᬑ L⩶ᨱ እ⦹ᩍ ᙹ᭥ᱡqłᖁᯕ

a❭ෙĞᔍෝӹ┡ԕᨕᅕv⬉ŝa᯲íӹ┡ԍ݅. L ^* ⩶᮹Ğᬑ

ྕ₉ᬱ᜽e(t/t max ) 0.4 ᨱᯕ෕ʑʭḡᙹ᭥aḡᗮᱢᮝಽᔢ᜚⦹ᩍ

Ⅹʑᬵඹၽᔾᯕ⬥ᙹ᭥aᱡqࡹḡᦫ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ӹⅩʑ

ᬵඹᨱݡ⦽ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝaaᰆⓑäᮝಽᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. ⦹ḡอ

ᯕ⬥ aᰆ ɪĊ⦹í ᙹ᭥a ᄡ⪵⦹ᩍ ᇶƕᇡ᮹ ၽݍᯕ ḥ⧪ࢁ

Ğᬑ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᯕaᰆⓑäᮝಽӹ┡ӹⅩʑᬵඹᯕ⬥ᇶƕ⩥ᔢ

ᮡ ɪĊ⦽ Ğ⨆ᮝಽ ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.

Fig. 5 ᨱࠥ᜽ࡽᇶƕᇡ᮹ᙹ᭥ᄡ⪵۵ᬵඹࡹ۵ᱽℕ᮹ษ൉ᇡ᪡

ᱽℕ ⦹ඹ⊂ ᔍ໕᮹ ᙹḢႊ⨆ ⋉᜾ᮝಽ ᯙ⦽ ᙹ᭥ᄡ⪵᪡ ᙹḢ

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Fig. 7. Comparison of dimensionless breach Width for each stiffener type

Fig. 6. Dimensionless downstream water level transition for each stiffener type

⋉᜾ᯕ⬥ၽᔾࡹ۵⋉᜾ᇡ᳭ᬑᱽℕ᮹ḡḡಆᔢᝅಽᯙ⦽⇵aᇶ ƕᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၼ۵ᙹ᭥ᱡqłᖁᮥӹ┡ԙ݅. ᔢඹᇡ᮹ᇶƕłᖁŝ

እƱ⧁ĞᬑL⩶᮹ᙹ᭥ᱡqłᖁᯕ݅ෙᅕvᰍᨱእ⧕ๅᬑ᪥อ

⦹íᱡq⦹အಽᇶƕᨱݡ⦽ᬵඹ᜽eḡᩑ⬉ŝᅕ݅ᇶƕvࠥෝ

qᗭ᜽┅۵⬉ŝaᯩ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. T⩶ᮡᙹ᭥ᱡqłᖁ᮹

ᄡ⪵ᮉᯕaᰆⓍíӹ┡ӹ0.31~0.43ᨱᕽᙹ᭥aⓍíᱡqࡹᨕ

ӹ┡ԍ݅.

Fig. 6ᨱӹ┡ӽ⦹ඹᇡ᮹ᙹ᭥ᄡ⪵۵ᱡᙹḡᱽℕ᮹⋉᜾ᮝಽ

ၽᔾ⦹۵☁ᔍ᪡ᮁᙹ᮹⪝⧊⩶┽ಽᮁ⇽ࡹ۵ᙹ᭥ᨱݡ⦽ᄡ⪵ᯕ အಽ☁ᔍᨱ঑ෙᙹ໕᮹ᝍ⦽ᄡ࠺ᮥӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ⦹ඹᇡ᮹ᙹ᭥ᄡ

⪵ᩎ᜽T⩶ᯕ↽ݡྕ₉ᬱᙹ᭥(h/h max )ᨱaᰆ዁෕íࠥݍ⦹ᩍ

ᅕvᰍᵲ aᰆԏᮡ ᇶƕḡᩑ ⬉ŝෝᅕᯕ໑, L⩶᮹ Ğᬑaᰆ

܇í↽ݡྕ₉ᬱᙹ᭥ᨱࠥݍ⦹ᩍᅕvᰍᵲᨱᕽaᰆᇶƕḡᩑ⬉

ŝa׳ᮡäᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. L ^* ⩶᮹Ğᬑᇶƕᨱ঑ෙᙹ᭥ᄡ࠺ᯕ

݅ෙᅕvᰍ⩶ᔢᅕ᯲݅ᦥᇶƕ᜽⦽̝ჩᨱฯᮡ☁ᔍ᮹ᇶƕಽ

ᯙ⦽℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᯕၽᔾ⦽ᯕ⬥ᇶƕ⩥ᔢᯕ᯲íӹ┡ӽäᮝಽ

ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.

ᝅ⨹ᮥ᳦⧊ᱢᮝಽᇥᕾ⦽đŝL⩶ᯕᇶƕ᜽Ⅹʑᬵඹᇶƕ᮹

ḡᩑŝ℉ࢱᮁ⇽ప qᗭ⬉ŝಽᯙ⦹ᩍᬑᙹ⦽ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝෝ

ӹ┡ԕᨩᮝ໑, T⩶᮹Ğᬑᅕvᰍ᮹⮱෥ᱡ⧎᜽ᅕvᰍ⩶ᔢᨱ

᮹⦽༉ູ✙ၽᔾᮝಽᱡ⧎⬉ŝaqᗭ⦹ᩡ݅. L ^* ⩶ᮡᬵඹⅩʑᨱ ۵ᦩᱶᱢᯙᔢ┽ෝᮁḡ⦹ᩡᮝӹᅕvᰍᯕ┩ᯕ⬥ɪĊ⦽ᮁ⇽ၽ ᔾᨱ᮹⦽ᙹ᭥ᱡ⦹⩥ᔢᯕၽᔾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ్⦽đŝ۵ᅕvᰍ᮹

ḡᩑ⬉ŝa ⪮ᙹ ⦝⧕ᨱ ၹऽ᜽ ɮᱶᱢᯙ ᇡᇥᮝಽ ᯲ᬊ⧁ ᙹ

ᨧŁ᪅⯩ಅⅩʑᬵඹ⮱෥ᨱ᮹⧕ᔍ໕ᯕᇶƕࡹḡᦫᮡᔢ┽ᨱᕽ

rᯱʑᇶƕࢁĞᬑ⦹ඹḡᩎᨱ޵ⓑ⪮ᙹ❭ᨱ᮹⦽⦝⧕aၽᔾ⧁

ᙹࠥ ᯩ݅۵ ⊂໕ᨱᕽ ᵝ᮹⧕᧝ ⧁ äᯕ݅.

4.4 ࣪Գ୍࣢ࠬ߿ऀऊ֏ඒࢳۜंজ

ᅕvᰍᄥᇶƕ⡎ᄡ⪵᮹እƱෝ᭥⦹ᩍᱽℕ᮹ษ൉ᇡᇶƕ⡎ŝ

ᇶƕၽݍ᜽eᮥྕᅕvᱽℕ᮹↽᳦ᇶƕ⡎(b ^* )᪡↽᳦ၽݍ᜽e(t ^* ) ᮝಽ ྕ₉ᬱ⪵⦽ Fig. 7ᨱ እƱ⦹ᩍ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.

L⩶ᅕvᰍ᮹Ğᬑᇶƕ⡎ၽݍ(b/b ^* )ᯕྕ₉ᬱ᜽e(t/t ^* ) 0.67ᨱ ᕽၽᔾ⦹ᩍ1.14ᨱᕽᇶƕ⡎᮹ၽݍᯕ᳦ഭࡹᨩᮝ໑ᅕvᰍᖅ⊹

ᱽℕᵲaᰆᱢᮡ⡎ᮝಽᇶƕၽݍᯕ᪥ഭࡹᨩ݅. L ^* ⩶ᅕvᰍ۵

0.81ᨱᇶƕ⡎ၽݍᯕ᜽᯲⦹ᩍ3₉ಡᨱÙ⊽ᇶƕaḥ⧪ࡹᨕ

᧞ྕ₉ᬱ᜽e(t/t ^* ) 1.14ḡᱱᨱᕽྕᅕvᇶƕ⡎᮹1.42᮹ᇶƕ⡎

ᮝಽᇶƕၽݍᯕ᪥ഭࡹᨩ݅. T⩶ᅕvᰍ᮹Ğᬑᇶƕ⡎ᯕྕ₉ᬱ

᜽e(t/t ^* ) 0.52ᨱ᜽᯲⦹ᩍ1.24ḡᱱᨱᕽ↽᳦ᇶƕ⡎ᯕaᰆմᮡ

ྕᅕvᇶƕ⡎᮹1.88႑ಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑ᯕ۵ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝᯕ⬥

ၽᔾ⦹۵ᇶƕ᮹ᗮࠥaaᗮࡹ۵⩥ᔢᮝಽᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. ੱ⦽ᇶƕ

⡎ၽݍŝ ᮁ⇽ప ᄡ⪵ෝእƱ⦹ᩍ ᅕ໕ Ⅹʑᨱᇶƕ⡎ ၽݍಽ

ᯙ⦽ᮁ⇽ప᷾aaᯕ൥ḡḡอ, ᇶƕ4݉ĥᨱ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᯕၽᔾ

⦽ᯕ⬥ᨱࠥ☁ᔍ᮹ᇶ௞ᯕḥ⧪ࡹʑভྙᨱᇶƕ⬥ၹᨱ۵ᇶƕ⡎

ၽݍŝ ᮁ⇽ప ᄡ⪵۵ ᯝ⊹⦹۵ Ğ⨆ᮥ ᅕᯕḡ ᦫ۵݅.

4.5 ਓ෠էրଭۭऊ֏ଲߨਐୡ૳

ๅ}ᄡᙹෝ Table 4ᨱ ᱶญࡽ ʑ᳕ ᯕು᜾ᨱ ݡ᯦⦹ᩍ Fig.

8ŝzᯕᇥᕾ⦽đŝྕᅕvᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕᝅ⨹đŝ᪡እƱ⦹໕

Froehlich᮹ᯕು᜾ᮡᇶƕ⡎ᮡ0.4႑᪡ᇶƕ᜽eᮡ1.2႑᮹₉ᯕ

ෝᅕᩍჵ᭥aᝅ⨹sᨱɝᱲ⦹ᩍᨕ۱ᱶࠥɝᔍᱢᯙᝅ⨹đŝs

ᮥࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ۵ᅕvᰍᝅ⨹᮹Ğᬑᅕvᰍಽᯙ⦹ᩍᇶƕ᳑Õ ᯕݍ௝ḡʑভྙᯕ݅. ᦿ᮹ݱᇶƕๅ}ᄡᙹᯕು᜾ᨱᕽᱶญ⦽

Mcdonald᪡ Langridge-Monopolis᮹ ᯕು᜾ŝ ྕᅕv ᱽℕෝ

እƱ⧁Ğᬑᇶƕ᜽eᮡ0.1႑ಽᵥᨕॅŁᇶƕ⡎ᮡ10႑᮹₉ᯕෝ

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Table 4. List of famous dam breach formulas

Item Breach Time Breach Width

M & L-M (1984) ƒ _Ƅ á ×í×ÎÔÖÞp _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ ß ^×íÐÓÑ ° _ƀ á ć Ɔ _ƀ ÞâƆ _ƀ ³ _Ð îÏß p _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ àƆ _ƀ ^Ï Þ³ _ƀ âƆ _ƀ ³ _ƀ ³ _Ð îÐß

Froehlich (2005) ƒ _Ƅ á ×í××ÏÒÑp _ƕ ^×íÒÐ Ɔ _ƀ ^{à ×íÖ×} _ſƔƃ á ×íÎÕ×Ð¤ _ƍ p _ƕ ^×íÐÏ Ɔ _ƀ ^×íÎÖ V.T.& G. (1990) ƒ _Ƅ á ×í×ÏƆ _ƕ â×íÏÒ ÞƃƐƍƑƇƍƌ ƐƃƑƇƑƒſƌƒß _ſƔƃ á ÏíÒƆ _ƕ â _ƀ

Fig. 8. Comparison of breach time and width between formulas and experiments

ᅕᩡᮝ໑, Von ThunŝGillette᮹Ğᬑᇶƕ᜽eᮡ3.2႑, ᇶƕ⡎

ᮡ11႑᮹₉ᯕಽđŝsᨱᕽⓑ⠙₉ෝᅕᩍእƱaᇩa܆⦹ᩡ݅.

ᯕ౨íʑ᳕᮹ݱᇶƕᯕು᜾᮹ᱢᬊᯕŅ௡⦹íࡽᬱᯙᮥ

ᇥᕾ⦽đŝ, ݱᇶƕᯕು᜾ᯕʑ᳕ݱᇶƕđŝ᮹ๅ}ᄡᙹᨱ

঑௝݅ᵲ⫭ȡᇥᕾ⦽Ğ⨹᜾ᮥᔑ⇽⦹ᩡŁ, bᯕು᜾ษ݅ᕽಽ

݅ෙݱᇶƕᔍಡෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩍ₉ᯕaၽᔾ⦽äᮝಽᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅.

ੱ⦽ᇶƕ᜽ᱽℕ᮹⧉ᙹእၰᰍḩŝ݅ḱࠥᨱ঑௝ᇶƕ᜽eᨱ

ᄡ⪵a ၽᔾ⧁ ᙹ ᯩŁ ᅙ ᝅ⨹ŝ ᝅᱽ ݱ ᇶƕᨱ۵ ḡ⩶⦺ᱢ

₉ᯕa᳕ᰍ⦽݅. ᯕ్⦽đŝᨱ঑௝ݱᇶƕᯕು᜾᮹Ğᬑ⩥ᰍ

ᝅ⨹ŝ zᮡ ᅕvࡽ ᱽℕ᪡ zᮡ ᝅ⨹đŝ᪡ ᳑Õᯕ ᔢᯕ⦹ʑ

ভྙᨱḢᱲᱢᯙእƱ۵ᨕಅᬑ໑, อ᧞ᝅ⨹đŝᨱݱᇶƕᯕು᜾

᮹ᱢᬊ⧁Ğᬑᝅᱽᝅ⨹᳑ÕᯕŝÑݱᇶƕ᪡ݡఖᱢᮝಽᮁᔍ⦽

ᇶƕ᳑Õ᮹ ݱ ᇶƕᨱ ݡ⧕ እƱ á☁ෝ ⧕᧝ ⧁ äᯕ݅.

5. đು

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᔍ໕ᅕvᰍ⩶ᔢᨱ঑௝ᱽℕᬵඹ᜽ᅕvᰍ

ᖅ⊹ᨱ঑ෙᇶƕ⩶ᔢၰᙹ᭥ᄡ⪵ෝᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦽ᇥᕾᮝಽ

ᅕvᰍ᮹ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝෝᱶపᱢᮝಽá᷾⦹ᩡ݅. ᅕvᰍ⩶ᔢᨱ

঑ෙᇶƕ᜽eၰᮁ⇽పᄡ⪵ෝᇥᕾ⦽đŝL⩶ᯕᇶƕၽݍᯕ

aᰆ᪥อ⦽Ğᔍಽḥ⧪ࡹᨕᇶƕᯕ⬥ᨱࠥ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᯕᱩၹ

ᙹᵡᮝಽᱡqࡹᨩŁၽᔾ᜽eੱ⦽aᰆ܇íӹ┡ӹအಽaᰆ

ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝaⓑᅕvᰍ⩶ᔢᮝಽᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. ᅕvᰍ᮹ᱽ᯲⩶

ᔢᮡ ᬵඹᙹ᮹ ⮱෥ᨱ ᳡ ޵ ฯᮡ ☁ᔍᬊᱢᮥ ᅕ⪙⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵

L ⩶ŝL ^* ⩶ᯕᇶƕḡᩑᨱ⬉ŝᱢᯕᨩᮝ໑, L ^* ⩶᮹ĞᬑⅩʑᇶƕ ḡᩑ⬉ŝa ๅᬑ Ⓧíӹ┡ԍᮝӹ ᯕ⬥ ɪĊ⦽ᇶƕෝ ӹ┡ӹ

᪅⯩ಅ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᯕྕᅕvᱽℕᅕ݅Ⓧí ၽᔾ⦹ᩍ⦹ඹᇡ᮹

⪮ᙹ⦝⧕ෝaᵲ᜽┍ᙹᯩ۵᭥⨹ᖒᯕၽᔾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᅕvᰍ

š᯦ᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍᇶƕᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ᜽⦽đŝᅕvᰍ

ᖅ⊹ಽᯙ⦹ᩍⅩʑᇶƕ⮱෥᮹ၽݍᯕᬱ⪽⦹í ᯕ൥ḡḡᦫᦥ

ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝaၽᔾ⦹ᩡŁᬵඹ⮱෥ᨱ ᮹⦽ᔍ໕⋉᜾ᗮࠥa

ᱡqࡹᨕɪĊ⦽ᱽℕᇶƕෝᩩႊ⧁ᙹᯩ݅. ᯕ్⦽đŝ۵⦹ඹ݉

ᮝಽᮁ⇽ࡹ۵⪮ᙹ❭ᱥݍᗮࠥၰ℉ࢱᮁ⇽ప᮹qᗭ॒ᮝಽ

⪮ᙹ⦝⧕Ğq᮹⬉ŝෝӹ┡ԝᙹᯩᨕᱡᙹḡᇶƕᨱݡ⦽እᔢݡ

⃹ĥ⫮(EAP, Emergency Action Plan)ᮥᙹพ⦹۵ߑ⦥᫵⦽ʑⅩ

ᯱഭಽ⪽ᬊࢁᙹᯩ݅. ᅕvᰍaᯕ┩⦹ᩍ⦹ඹᇡᨱᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹۵

ᇡᇥᮡᝅ⨹đŝݡᇡᇥ᮹ᅕvᰍa☁ᔍᨱๅ༑ࡹᨕǍ᳑ྜྷŝ᮹

∊࠭ŝzᮡ⦝⧕ᔢ⫊ᯕၽᔾ⧁a܆ᖒᮡๅᬑԏᮡäᮝಽᇥᕾࡹ

ᨩ݅. ⦹ḡอᯕ۵ᝅ⨹᳑Õᨱᕽၽᔾ⦽đŝᯕ໑ᝅᱽᇶƕ᜽

⦹ඹᇡᨱᅕvᰍaᮁ᯦ࡹᨕᯙ໦ᯕӹᰍᔑ⦝⧕ෝᮁၽ⧁a܆ᖒ

ᮥ ᩝࢱᨱ ࢱᨕ᧝ ⦽݅. ᅙ ᩑǍ۵ ᱡᙹḡ᮹ ᬵඹᨱ ᮹⦽ ᱽℕ

ᇶƕ ᔢ⫊ᮥ ༉᮹⦽ ᝅ⨹ᯕအಽ ݅ෙ ᇶƕᬱᯙᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ۵ ᅙ

ᩑǍ đŝෝḢᱲᱢᮝಽ ᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᨧᮝ໑, ᳦⧊ᱢᯙᩑǍđŝෝ

ࠥ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⧕݅᧲⦽ᇶƕᬱᯙᨱݡ⦽ᱽℕᅕvᰍ᮹ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉

ŝෝ ᭥⦽ ⇵aᱢᯙ ᝅ⨹ ᩑǍa ⦥᫵⦹݅. ᯕ్⦽ ᱡᙹḡᱽℕ

ᇶƕᝅ⨹ᮡ⩥ᰍᱡᙹḡᨱᖅ⊹ࡽᔍ໕ᅕvᰍ᮹ ݅᧲⦽⩶┽᪡

ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝᨱݡ⦽á᷾ᝅ⨹ᮝಽᩑǍᩢᩎᮥ⪶ݡ⧁ᙹᯩᮝ໑, ʑ᳕ᱡᙹḡ ᱽℕᨱ ݡ⦽י⬥⪵ ၰ ᦩᱥᖒŝšಉ⦽ ྙᱽᱱᮥ

ᅕ᪥⦹۵ݡ₦ᮝಽᱡᙹḡᖅĥᨱᱢᬊ⦽݅໕ ᭥⨹ᔢ⫊ၽᔾ᜽

qᔍ᮹ɡ

ᅙᩑǍ۵ǎ☁⧕᧲ᇡa⇽ᩑ⦹Ł⦽ǎÕᖅƱ☖ʑᚁ⠪aᬱᨱᕽ

᭥┢᜽⧪⦽Õᖅʑᚁ⩢ᝁᔍᨦ(08ʑᚁ⩢ᝁF01)ᨱ᮹⦽₉ᖙݡ⪮

ᙹႊᨕʑᚁ}ၽᩑǍ݉᮹ ᩑǍእ ḡᬱᨱ ᮹⧕ ᙹ⧪ࡹᨩ᜖ܩ݅.

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Coleman, S. E., Andrews, D. P. and Webby, M. G. (2002).

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Retardation Effect on the Breach of the Earth Filled Embankment Using the Stiffener During Overtopping

Received June 15 2012, Revised July 23 2012, Accepted April 17 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)

 ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤͶǤͳ͵͹͹ Ǥ ǤǤ

ச૬෉ ȵ઱ఢՍ ȵଲ਎ૈ

Joo, Yo Han*, Yeo, Chang-geon**, Lee, Seung Oh***

Retardation Effect on the Breach of the Earth Filled Embankment Using the Stiffener During Overtopping

ABSTRACT

Key words : Overtopping, Embankment stiffener, Breach time, Breach retardation effect

Ⅹಾ

⩥ᰍǎԕᱡᙹḡ᮹ݡᇡᇥ(99.1 %)ᮡ⮺ݱᮝಽᯕ్⦽⩶᜾ᮡÕᖅእᬊᯕᱡಕ⦹Ł݅ෙ᜽Ŗᅕ݅᜽Ŗᖒᯕᬊᯕ⦹ᩍฯᮡᱡᙹḡÕᖅᨱ₥

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℉ࢱᮁ⇽పqᗭಽݱ⦹ඹᇡ᮹⦝⧕ෝqᗭ᜽┅۵⬉ŝaᯩᨕᱡᙹḡᇶƕᨱݡ⦽እᔢݡ⃹ĥ⫮ᙹพ᜽ʑⅩᯱഭಽ⪽ᬊ⧁ᙹᯩᮥäᮝಽ❱

݉ࡽ݅.

áᔪᨕ ᬵඹ, ᱽℕᅕvᰍ, ᇶƕ᜽e, ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝ

 սėॡ

1. ᕽು

ǎԕ׮ᨦᬊᱡᙹḡ۵2008֥ʑᵡ17,649}ᗭᯕ໑95.3%a

30֥ᯕᔢĞŝࡽי⬥⪵ࡽᱡᙹḡᯕ݅(׮ᨦᔾᔑʑၹᱶእᔍᨦ☖

ĥᩑᅕ, 2008). ੱ⦽ᱥℕᱡᙹḡ᮹97%ᯕᔢᯕᮁ⬉ᱡᙹప100อ m 3 ᯕ⦹ᯙ ᗭȽ༉ ᱡᙹḡᯕ݅. ǎaᙹᯱᬱšญ᳦⧊ᱶᅕ᜽ᜅ▽

(WAMIS) ᨱᕽǎԕᨱÕᖅࡹᨕᯩ۵ᱡᙹḡ᮹ᔍ໕ᅕvŖჶᮥ

᳑ᔍ⦽đŝ᧞57%ᨱ⧕ݚ⦹۵ᱡᙹḡ᮹ᔍ໕ᯕᯙŖᱢᯙᅕvᰍ aᨧᯕÕᖅࡹᨕᯩᨕᬵඹᇶƕᨱๅᬑ≉᧞⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅.

ǎԕᨱᖅ⊹ࡽݡᇡᇥᱡᙹḡ᮹ᵝ᫵༊ᱢᮡ׮ᨦᬊᙹŖɪᯕʑ

ভྙᨱᱡᙹḡᨱ⊹ᙹšಉ᜽ᖅᯙᙹྙᯕᨧÑӹᯱᩑᬵඹ᜾ᩍᙹ ಽaᵝಽᔍᬊࡹŁᯩᨕ, ᖅĥኩࠥෝⅩŝ⦽⪮ᙹၽᔾ᜽ᱡᙹḡෝ

ᬵඹ⦹Ñӹ⋉⚍⩥ᔢᯕၽᔾ⦹ᩍ❭ƕࢁᙹᯩ݅. ݡ⢽ᱢᯙ⦝⧕ᔍ ಡಽ۵2002֥┽⣮൉ᔍ(Rusa)ಽၽᔾ⦽870.5mm᮹Ḳᵲ⪙ᬑಽ

ᩍᇶƕࡹᨩ݅(┽⣮൉ᔍ⦝⧕⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍᅕŁᕽ, 2002). ↽ɝᨱ۵

2011 ֥ᱥᇢᱶᮮ᮹יᮡᱡᙹḡaᬵඹᨱ᮹⦽ᇶƕಽ⦹ඹᇡᨱ

ⓑ⦝⧕aၽᔾ⦹ᩡ݅(ᔩᱥᇢᝁྙ). ᯕ⃹ౝᱡᙹḡᇶƕ۵ᯱᵝ

ၽᔾ⦹۵ᰍӽᮡᦥܩḡอə⦝⧕Ƚ༉᪡ᅖǍእaⓍíၽᔾ⦹ʑ

ভྙᨱ⩥ᰍʑ⬥ᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙvᬑప᷾a᪡ʑ᳕ᱡᙹḡ᮹י⬥⩥

ᔢᨱእ∑ᅝভၹऽ᜽ᇶƕᨱݡ⦽ݡ₦ᮥᙹพ⦹ᩍ᧝⧁äᯕ݅.

ᯕ్⦽⮺ݱ᮹ᱽℕᇶƕ᪡šಉࡽǎԕᩑǍಽ۵⦽Õᩑ॒

(1985) ᯕ⮺ݱ᮹ᇶƕಽᯙ⦽ᮁ⇽ᙹྙłᖁᮥᔑᱶ⦹Ł, ᯥ᮹᮹

ݱᇶƕ׳ᯕ᪡❭ƕḡᗮ᜽e᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱ঑ෙ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పၰᮁ⇽ᙹ

ྙłᖁᮥࠥ⇽⦹۵᜾ᮥᱽ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. ᪅ԉᖁ॒(1989)ᮡ⮺ݱ᮹

ᱱḥᱢᯙᇶƕᨱݡ⦹ᩍSinghŝScarlatos (1988)ᯕᱽ᜽⦽ᙹ⦺

ᱢ༉⩶ŝFread (1985)᮹ྜྷญᱢ༉⩶ᯙBreach Erosion Model

ᮥእƱá᷾⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕᔢ┽(2001)۵ʑ᳕᮹⦹⃽ᱽႊ݉໕ॅᮥ

ʑᵡᮝಽษ൉⡎ŝĞᔍ॒ࠥ᮹ʑ⦹⦺ᱢ✚ᖒ⊹ॅᮥᄡ⪵᜽⍽

b ✚ᖒ ⊹ॅᯕ ᝅ⨹đŝ⊹ᨱ ᵝ۵ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅. ʡḥ⪮

(2001) ᮡᬵඹᨱ᮹⦽ᱽႊᇶƕ⧕ᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍᬵඹᨱ᮹⧕ၽᔾ⦽

ᱽႊ᮹ ᇶƕ⡎ŝ ḡᗮ᜽eᨱ ݡ⧕ ᩑǍ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ׮ᨕⅭᩑǍᬱ

}ᖁᨱš⦹ᩍᩑǍ⦹ᩡ݅. ᗭႊႊᰍℎ(2009)ᨱᕽ۵ᬵඹᙹᨱݡ

⦽₉ᙹๅ✙ᅕvჶᩑǍෝ☖⦹ᩍ₉ᙹๅ✙ෝᖅ⊹⧁Ğᬒඹᨱ

ݡ⦽ᱡ⧎ᖒᮥá☁⦹ᩡ݅. ↽ɝ᮹ᩑǍಽ۵ᯕݍᬱ॒(2012)ᯕ

ᬵඹᨱ᮹⦽ᱡᙹḡᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕÑ࠺ᨱݡ⧕ᩑǍ⦹ᩍᬵඹ᜽᮹

ᇶƕÑ࠺ŝ ⋉⚍ඹ ⧕ᕾ, ᔍ໕ᦩᱶ ⧕ᕾᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᩑǍ⦹ᩡ݅.

ǎ᫙᮹ᩑǍಽ۵Cristofano (1965)a↽Ⅹಽ⮺ݱᇶƕ᧲ᔢᨱ

ݡ⦽ᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮝ໑, McDonald᪡Langridge-Monopolis (1984) ۵ݱᇶƕ᮹ᯝၹᱢᯙ✚ᖒᨱš⦹ᩍᩑǍ⦹ᩍᇶƕ݉໕᮹

⩶ᔢ, ᇶƕȽ༉, ᇶƕၽݍ᜽e, ℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᨱš⦹ᩍᱶญ⦹ᩡ݅.

Coleman ॒(2002)ᮡᱽℕ᮹ᬵඹ⮱෥ᨱݡ⦽ᱽℕᇶƕ⩶ᔢ᮹

ၽݍŝᱶᮥᩑǍ⦹ᩡŁ, Chinnarasri ॒(2003)ᮡᱽℕᇶƕ᧲ᔢᮥ

ᰍഭ, घእ┩ Ğᔍ, ᮁప ᄡ⪵ᨱ ݡ⦹ᩍ ᝅ⨹ᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Froehlich (2008) ۵⮺ݱ᮹ᇶƕๅ}ᄡᙹ᪡əäॅ᮹ᇩ⪶ᝅᖒᨱ

ݡ⦽ᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽Mark Morris ॒(2005)ᮡImpact

⥥ಽ᱾✙ෝ☖⧕ᝅȽ༉ᱡᙹḡ᮹ᇶƕᝅ⨹ᮥᝅ᜽⦹ᩍᇶƕ⩶ᔢ ŝ ⪮ᙹᱥ❭, ᮁᔍᯕᘂᨱ ݡ⧕ ᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.

⩥ᰍʭḡǎԕ᫙ᩑǍ࠺⨆ᮥᇥᕾ⦽đŝᱽℕᇶƕᨱݡ⦽⪮ᙹ

❭ᨱš⦽ᩑǍ᪡ᱽℕᇶƕ᮹⋉᜾ၽݍŝๅ}ᄡᙹ᮹✚ᖒᨱݡ⦽

ᩑǍa ݅᧲⦹í ᙹ⧪ࡹᨩ݅. ⦹ḡอ ᬵඹ ⩥ᔢ ၽᔾ᜽ ᱽℕ᮹

⋉᜾ŝᱶᨱᕽᅕvᰍ᮹ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍ۵Ⓧí݅൥ḡ ḡᦫᦥᯕᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa⦥᫵⦹݅. ᱽℕᔍ໕ᨱ᭥⊹⦽ᅕvᰍ۵

ᵝಽᔍ໕☁ᔍ᮹ɪᗮ⦽⋉᜾⩥ᔢᮥ᪥⪵⦹۵ᩎ⧁ᮥ⧁ᙹᯩᮝ໑, ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᙹญᝅ⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍᯕ్⦽ᅕvᰍaᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕ

᜽ᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕෝḡᩑ᜽┅۵⬉ŝ᪡℉ࢱ⪮ᙹప᮹qᗭᨱݡ⧕

ᩑǍ⦹ᩡ݅. ᱡᙹḡᖅĥኩࠥⅩŝ⪮ᙹపၽᔾᨱ঑ෙᬵඹၽᔾᔢ

⫊ᨱᕽᱡᙹḡᔍ໕ᨱᅕvᰍᖅ⊹᜽ᯕᨱ঑ෙᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝෝ

ᅕvᰍ᮹⩶ᔢᨱ঑௝ᇥᕾ⦽đŝᅕvᰍ۵⩶ᔢŝ႑⊹ႊ⨆ᨱ

঑௝⋉᜾ᨱݡ⦽⬉ŝaⓍí݅෕໑ᯕ్⦽⋉᜾᮹✚ᖒᯕ℉ࢱᮁ

⇽ప᮹ ၽᔾⓍʑᨱ ᩢ⨆ᮥ ᵝ۵ äᮝಽ ᇥᕾࡹᨩ݅. ᅙ ᩑǍ۵

⪮ᙹ᜽ᱡᙹḡ᮹ᬵඹaၽᔾ⦹ᩍᱽℕ᮹ᇶƕaḥ⧪ࡹ۵ᔢ⫊ᮥ

aᱶ⦹ᩍ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡʑ ভྙᨱ ᬵඹᨱ ᮹⦽ ᇶƕa ᦥܭ ᱽℕᨱ

ၽᔾ⦽ ❭ᯕ⦲ ⩥ᔢᯕӹ ᔍ໕ ⋉᜾ ⩥ᔢ ॒ᨱ ᮹⦽ ݅ෙ ᇶƕ

᫵ᯙᨱ۵ᅙđŝෝᱢᬊ⦹ʑᨕಅᬑအಽ, ᬵඹಽᯙ⦽ᇶƕᯕ᫙᮹

ᇶƕᬱᯙᨱ ݡ⦽ᅕvᰍ᮹⬉ŝᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵⇵aᱢᯙᝅ⨹ᩑǍa

⦥᫵⦹݅. ᯕ్⦽ᩑǍđŝෝ☖⧕ᱡᙹḡᬵඹ᜽ᔍ໕ᅕvᰍ᮹

ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝ۵⦹ඹᇡ᮹℉ࢱᮁ⇽పᮥᱡq᜽┅Łᯕᨱ঑ෙᱡ ᙹḡ⦹ඹᇡ᮹Ǎ᳑ྜྷ❭ƕၰᖙǕ❭ƕ᮹qᗭ, ᱡᙹḡᇶƕḡᩑ

⬉ŝಽᯙ⦹ᩍ⦹ඹᇡÑᵝၝ᮹እᔢݡ⦝᜽e⪶ᅕෝ☖⦹ᩍ⦝⧕

ෝ ᱡq᜽┍ ᙹ ᯩᮥ äᮝಽ ᩩᔢࡽ݅.

2. ᯕು

2.1 ۭऊ֏࠻Թ࣡৤

ݱᇶƕ᮹ๅ}ᄡᙹ᮹đᱶᨱš⦽ʑ᳕᮹ᩑǍॅᮡŝÑݱ

ᇶƕ⦝⧕ḡᩎᨱᕽ⊂ᱶࡽᇶƕḡᗮ᜽e, ᇶƕ⡎, ᔍ໕Ğᔍ॒ŝ

ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤͶǤͳ͵͹͹ ǤǤǤ

ச૬෉ȵ઱ఢՍȵଲ਎ૈ

Joo, Yo Han, Yeo, Chang-geon, Lee, Seung Oh

áᔪᨕ ᬵඹ, ᱽℕᅕvᰍ, ᇶƕ᜽e, ᇶƕḡᩑ⬉ŝ

սėॡ

ĥᩑᅕ, 2008). ੱ⦽ᱥℕᱡᙹḡ᮹97%ᯕᔢᯕᮁ⬉ᱡᙹప100อ m ³ ᯕ⦹ᯙ ᗭȽ༉ ᱡᙹḡᯕ݅. ǎaᙹᯱᬱšญ᳦⧊ᱶᅕ᜽ᜅ▽

äᮝಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᇶƕ⡎( ) ᮡݱ׳ᯕ( Ɔ Ƃ ) ᮹⧉ᙹಽ ᔍಆݱᨱ

ᕽ0.5 Ɔ _Ƃ < <3 _Ɔ _Ƃ ᮹ჵ᭥ᨱᕽၽᔾ⦹۵äᮝಽᩑǍࡹᨩ݅. Singh

Table 1. Values of _ƀ according to the reservoir size Size of Reservoir (m ³ ) _ƀ (m)

< 1.23×10 ⁶ 6.1

1.23×10 ⁶ ~ 6.17×10 ⁶ 18.3 6.17×10 ⁶ ~ 1.23×10 ⁷ 42.7

> 1.23×10 ⁷ 54.9

ࠥ⇽⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᇶƕ ⡎( )ᮡ 2 Ɔ _Ƃ < < 5 _Ɔ _Ƃ , ↽ݡ ᬵඹ ᙹ᭥

( _Ƃ _ƍƔƒƍƎƎ ) ۵ ×íÎÒƋ = Ƃ ƍƔƒƍƎƎ = ×íÓÎƋ ᮹ ჵ᭥ಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.

p _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ á ×í×ÏÓÎÞp _ƍƓƒ Z Ɔ _ƕ ß ^×íÔÓÖ ÞſƐƒƆƄƇƊƊß p ƃƐƍƂƃƂ á ×í××ÐÑÕÞp _ƍƓƒ Z Ɔ ƕ ß ^×íÕÒÏ Þ§ƍƌàƃſƐƒƆƄƇƊƊß ƒ _Ƅ á ×í×ÎÔÖÞp _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ ß ^×íÐÓÑ

ᩍʑᕽ, p ƍƓƒ ᮡ ݱ ᇶƕ ᜽ ݕᙹ ᮁ⇽ ᬊᱢ(m ³ ), _p _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ ۵

ݱᇶƕ᜽⋉᜾ࡽᱽℕᬊᱢ(m ³ ), _Ɔ _ƕ ۵ݱᬵඹ᜽ᙹ᭥Ł(m), ƒ Ƅ ۵ ݱ ᇶƕᨱ Ùญ۵ ᜽e(hr)ᮥ ӹ┡ԙ݅. ᭥᮹ ŝᱶᨱ ᮹⧕

° _ƀ á ć Ɔ _ƀ Þ âƆ _ƀ ³ _Ð îÏß p _ƃƐƍƂƃƂ à Ɔ _ƀ ^Ï Þ³ _ƀ âƆ _ƀ ³ _ƀ ³ _Ð îÐß

׳ᯕ(m), C۵ݱษ൉᮹⡎(m), ³ _ƀ ۵ᇶƕᔍ໕᮹Ğᔍ(h:v)ᯕ໑ McDonald᪡Langridge-Monopolis۵0.5ಽᱽᦩ⦹Łᯩ݅. ³ Î ۵

ݱᔢඹᇡ᮹Ğᔍ(h:v), ³ _Ï ۵ݱ⦹ඹᇡ᮹Ğᔍ(h:v), ³ _Ð ۵ ³ _Î â³ _Ï ᯕ݅.

Ɔ _Ƃ ï ï ÒƆ _Ƃ

×íÏÒ ï ³ ï ÎÞƃƌƅƇƌƃƃƐƃƂì ƁƍƋƎſƁƒƃƂƂſƋƑß Î ï ³ ï ÏÞƌƍƌà ƃƌƅƇƌƃƃƐƃƂì ƑƊſƅ ƐƃƄƓƑƃ ƂſƋƑß

ᩍʑᕽ, B۵ᇶƕ⡎ᯕŁZ۵ᇶƕᇡ᮹ᙹ⠪ᔍ໕Ğᔍĥᙹ(Z ᙹ⠪: 1 ᙹḢ)ᯕ݅. ੱ⦽᜾(4)ᨱᕽ ƒ _Ƅ ۵ᇶƕ᜽eᮥ᮹ၙ⦽݅.

×íÎ ï ƒ _Ƅ ï ×íÒƆƍƓƐƑÞƌƍƌà ƃƌƅƇƌƃƃƐƃƂì ƎƍƍƐƊƗ ƁƍƋƎſƁƒƃƂß (4)

_ſƔƃ á ×íÎÕ×Ð¤ _ƍ p _ƕ ^×íÐÏ Ɔ _ƀ ^×íÎÖ ƒ Ƅ á ×í××ÏÒÑp _ƕ ^×íÒÐ Ɔ ƀ à×íÖ×

ᩍʑᕽ, _ſƔƃ ۵ݱ ᇶƕ᮹⠪Ɂ⡎(m), ¤ _ƍ ۵ĥᙹಽᕽ ᬵඹ (Overtopping)ᨱݡ⦹ᩍ1.4, ❭ᯕ⦲(Piping)ᨱݡ⦹ᩍ1.0ᮝಽ

ᱽᦩ⦹Ł, p _ƕ ۵ݱ᮹ݕᙹᬊᱢ(m ³ )ᮥӹ┡ԕŁ, Ɔ _ƀ ۵ݱᇶƕᇡ

_ſƔƃ á ÏíÒƆ _ƕ â _ƀ

ƒ _Ƅ á ×í×ÏƆ _ƕ â×íÏÒ ÞƃƐƍƑƇƍƌ ƐƃƑƇƑƒſƌƒß ƒ Ƅ á ×í×ÎÒƆ _ƕ ÞƃſƑƇƊƗ ƃƐƍƂƇƀƊƃß

ᩍʑᕽ _ſƔƃ ۵ݱᇶƕ᮹⠪Ɂ⡎(m), Ɔ _ƕ ۵ݱᬵඹ᜽ᙹ᭥Ł (m), _ƀ ۵ᱡᙹḡⓍʑ᮹⧉ᙹ, ƒ Ƅ ۵ݱᇶƕᨱÙญ۵᜽e(hr)ᮥ

᮹ၙ⦹໑, ᱡᙹḡⓍʑ᮹⧉ᙹ( _ƀ ) ۵Table 1ᨱ᮹⧕đᱶࡽ݅.