한수지 53(1), 103-106, 2020
103
Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 53(1),103-106,2020
Note
서 론
눈볼대
(Doederleinia berycoides)
는농어목(Perciformes)
반 딧불게르치과(Acropomatidae)
에속하는어류로약40 cm
까지 성장하며,
중,
대형외끌이어업을비롯한기선저인망어업에어 획되는대표어종으로상업적가치가매우높은어종중하나이 다(Cha et al., 2010; Huh et al., 2011).
특히한국,
일본등지에서수산식품으로선호도가매우높으며
,
눈볼대의생산량은2004
년처음으로
3,000
톤이상으로 나타났으며,
그이후2018
년 까지의추이를살펴보면, 2006
년2,044
톤으로가장적게생산 되었고, 2018
년에3,949
톤으로가장많이생산되었다(KOSIS, 2019).
생산금액은2006
년부터2018
년까지매년생산금액이꾸준히증가하고있는양상을확인해볼수있다
(KOSIS, 2019).
2000
년대들어서눈볼대를비롯한대부분의자원량이감소했다고알려져있지만눈볼대의생산량은크게감소하지않았다
(Choi et al., 2019).
수산식품으로써지속된높은선호도와생 산량증가및생산금액증가양상으로볼때눈볼대의가치는 더높아질것으로판단된다.
하지만눈볼대의높은상업적가치에비해이와관련된연구 는비교적부족한실정이다
.
눈볼대에대한연구로는분포위치,
회유경로및성장양상에관한연구(Lee, 1965; Park, 1970),
연령과성장에관한연구
(Kojima, 1976; Choi et al., 2012),
산란 기와성숙생태에관련한연구(Cha et al., 2010),
주먹이생물에 관한연구(Oh, 2009; Huh et al., 2011),
자원학특성치(Choi et al., 2014)
와같은연구가일부진행되었지만,
지속적인관리를 위한신뢰도높은평가지표를위해현재생물학적특성파악을 위한연구가필요하며,
이전연구와의산란기,
성숙도등과같 은변동사항을연구할필요가있다.
따라서본연구는눈볼대 의생식소숙도지수,
성숙도와같은변화하는눈볼대자원의성 숙에관한정보를제공하고자한다.
재료 및 방법
본연구에사용된시료는
2018
년3
월부터2019
년2
월까지한 국남해연근해에서중,
대형외끌이어업에의해어획된눈볼대 시료를부산공동어시장에서구입하여사용하였다.
구입된시 료를빙장처리하여실험실로운반후실험하였다.
실험에사 용된눈볼대는전장(total length, TL)
을0.1 cm,
중량0.1 g
까 지측정한뒤,
해부하여간중량,
생식소중량을0.001 g
까지측 정하였다.
눈볼대의생식소발달단계를살펴보기위해서생식소를적출 하여육안으로암
,
수를구분하고,
생식소의형태,
색도등을살한국 남해 연근해에 서식하는 눈볼대(Doederleinia berycoides)의 성숙
김현지*·권대현·박정호·김영혜
국립수산과학원 연근해자원과
Maturation of Blackthroat Seaperch Doederleinia berycoides in Waters of Southern Korea
Hyeon Ji Kim*, Dae-Hyeon Kwon, Jeong-Ho Park and Yeonghye Kim
Fisheries Resources Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
We investigated the biological maturation of blackthroat seaperch Doederleinia berycoides in southern Korea waters, based on samples collected from March 2018 to February 2019. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and total length (TL) at 50%, 75% and 97.5% group maturity. The spawning period was May to October in 2018. We estimated the TL at 50% group maturity as 27.0 cm for females in 2018. We estimated the TL of females at 75% and 97.5% group maturity as 28.7 cm and 32.7 cm, respectively, in 2018.
Keywords: Doederleinia berycoides, maturity, group maturity, gonadosomatic index
*Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 720. 2295 Fax: +82. 51. 720. 2277 E-mail address: [email protected]
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received 20 December 2019; Revised 21 January 2020; Accepted 4 February 2020 저자 직위: 김현지(박사 후 인턴 연구원), 권대현(연구사), 박정호(연구사), 김 영혜(연구관)
https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2020.0103
Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 53(1), 103-106, February 2020
김현지
ㆍ
권대현ㆍ
박정호ㆍ
김영혜104
펴본뒤
,
성숙단계를판단하였다.
성숙단계는미숙(immature),
중숙(maturing),
성숙(maturation),
완숙 및 방중(mature and spawning),
방후(spent)
으로구분하였고,
월별생식소숙도지수[gonadosomatic index, GSI; (1)],
간중량지수[hepatosomatic index, HSI; (2)],
비만도지수[condition factor, CF; (3)]
는각 각다음과같은식을이용하여계산하였다.
여기서GW (go- nad weight)
는생식소중량(g), BW (body weight)
는어체중 량(g)
을나타내며, LW (liver weight)
는간중량(g), TL (total length)
은어체전장(cm)
을나타낸다.
GSI=GW (g)/BW (g)×100 ···(1) HIS=LW (g)/BW (g)×100 ··· (2)
CF=BW (g)/TL (cm)
3×1,000 ···(3)
성숙체장(TL)
은산란기로 추정되는시기의중숙이상개체 들을대상으로다음과같은식으로구하였으며(Way 4), 50%, 75%, 97.5%
의성숙체장(TL)
을구하였다.
여기서P
i는전장계 급에서의성숙비율, L
i는i
전장계급의전장, r
은상수이다.
P
i=
1+e1-r(L-Li)---Way 4
결과 및 고찰
2018
년3
월부터2019
년2
월까지남해근해에서채집된눈볼 대총1,166
개체를대상으로한측정결과(Fig. 1),
암컷은총930
개체였고,
전장11.7-38.4 cm
의범위를보였으며,
평균26.0 cm
였다.
수컷은총236
개체였고,
전장13.0-28.8 cm
의범위를보였으며
,
평균20.1 cm
였다.
암컷이수컷보다평균전장이 더크게나타났으며(T-test, P<0.05),
전장조성의비율도암컷 은26.0-31.0 cm
까지의비율이가장높게나타난반면,
수컷은21.0-24.0 cm
까지의비율이높게나타났다.
이러한경향은약
10
여년전에(2006, 2008-2009
년)
채집된 눈볼대에서도유사하게나타난것을확인해볼수있었다(Cha et al., 2010; Choi et al., 2012). 2006
년에채집된눈볼대의경 우본 연구보다전체적인크기군은더작게나타났지만암컷 이수컷보다더큰개체에서높은비율로출현한것을확인해볼수있었으며
2008-2009
년에채집된눈볼대는본연구와비슷한체장군에서높은비율을보였다
.
어류의종마다다른양상 을보이기도하며같은반딧불게르치과에속하는반딧불게르치(Acropoma japonicum)
에서도체장조성에서암컷이수컷보다 더큰경향을보인것을확인해볼수있다(Baeck et al., 2012).
이렇듯암컷이수컷보다더큰체장조성을보이는것은암컷보 다수컷의사망률이더높고
,
수명도암컷이더길거나,
성장률 이더빠르기때문인것으로알려져있다(Fumio, 1960).
눈볼대비만도지수와간중량지수의월변동양상을살펴보면
(Fig. 2),
눈볼대암컷의비만도지수는평균15.57-18.01
의값을 나타내었으며, 6
월에가장높게나타났고4
월에가장낮게나타 났다.
눈볼대암컷의간중량지수는평균2.29-3.87
의값을나타 내었는데, 5
월에가장높게나타났으며, 10
월에가장낮게나타 났다.
그결과비만도지수는수치에따른일정한경향성을찾아 볼수없었으나,
간중량지수는모두5
월에서10
월경까지수치 Fig. 1. Length-frequency distribution of blackthroat seaperch Do-ederleinia berycoides in the water of southern sea, Korea. Female:
Min TL 11.7 cm, Mean TL 26.0 cm, Max TL 38.4 cm; Male: Min TL 13.0 cm, Mean TL 20.1 cm, Max TL 28.8 cm. TL, total length.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353738
Frequency (%)
Female (N: 930) Male (N: 236)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
C F (% )
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
H SI
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
G SI
0 25 50 75 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Propo rti on o f g roup m at ur e (% )
Total length (cm)
Month
Month
Month
Total length (cm)
Female L
50=27.0 cm L
75=28.7 cm L
97.5=32.7 cm R
2=0.9
Fig. 2. Monthly changes in mean value of hephatosomatic index (HSI) and condition factor (CF) for female blackthroat seaperch Doederleinia berycoides (vertical bars are standard error).
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353738
Frequency (%)
Female (N: 930) Male (N: 236)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
C F (% )
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
H SI
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
G SI
0 25 50 75 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Propo rti on o f g roup m at ur e (% )
Total length (cm)
Month
Month
Month
Total length (cm)
Female
L
50=27.0 cm
L
75=28.7 cm
L
97.5=32.7 cm
R
2=0.9
눈볼대의 성숙
105
가하락하는경향을나타내었다
.
어류는간에에너지를 축적하여 생식활동에이용하는 것으 로알려져있어어류의간중량지수와비만도지수는생식시기 를추측하는데이용되기도한다
(Diana and Mackay, 1979; Ra- jasilta, 1992; Encina and Granado Lorencio, 1997).
본연구결 과,
눈볼대암컷의간중량지수는산란기동안감소하는경향을 보였으며,
비만도지수는산란기와는뚜렷한연관성을보이지 는않았다.
같은반딧불게르치과에속하는반딧불게르치역시 산란기에간중량지수가감소하고,
비만도지수는산란기와큰 관련없는경향을나타내어본연구와매우유사한결과를나타 내었다(Baeck et al., 2012).
하지만다른분류군에속하는삼치(Scomberomorus niphonius),
줄망둑(Acentrogobius pflaumii)
등에서는간중량지수,
비만도지수모두산란기에감소하며,
두 지수모두산란기와관련이있는것으로나타났다(Baeck et al.,
2004; 2007).
이는종에따라에너지저장및이용에서차이를보이는것으로판단된다
.
눈볼대는비만도는유지한반면간에 저장된에너지를생식활동에사용했을것으로판단되며,
이는 섭식과관련이있을것으로판단된다.
눈볼대는어식성어류로 알려져있는데,
어식성어류들은높은공복율을가진다고알려 져있다(Baeck et al., 2012).
하지만눈볼대의경우,
공복율이20%
이하로다른어식성어류에비해비교적낮은공복율을보인것을확인해볼수있는데
(Huh et al., 2011),
꾸준한섭식으 로어체의비만도유지하며간에에너지축적및이용이용이했 을것으로판단된다.
2018
년3
월부터2019
년2
월까지눈볼대암컷930
개체를대 상으로생식소숙도지수(GSI)
의변화를알아보았다(Fig. 3).
그 결과3-5
월까지는0.45-0.58
의값을나타내었으며, 5
월이후부터점차증가하여
7
월에1.66
으로가장높게나타난후감소하였으며
,
이후점차낮아져9
월이후로는0.05
이하로감소하여 다시낮은값을나타내었다.
생식소숙도지수를바탕으로산란 기를추정한결과, 5
월에서10
월로추정되었다.
2008-2009
년에채집된눈볼대의경우, 2
년간GSI
값이비슷 한경향을보여산란기가7
월에서9
월로추정되었다(Cha et al.,
2010).
하지만본연구와는산란기추정에서약간의차이가나타냈다
.
약10
년전인2008-2009
년에는7-9
월인반면본연구에서
5-10
월로산란기가더길게나타난것을확인해볼수있다
. Aida (1991)
에따르면어류의산란형태가6
가지로구분된 다고알려져있는데(
춘계,
춘하계,
하계,
추계,
춘추계,
동계),
눈 볼대는하계산란형태를따른다고볼수있다.
2008
년에서2018
년10
년의기간동안눈볼대의주출현해역인남해안의수온은상승과하강을반복하며나타났으며
,
눈볼 대의산란시기인하계의10
년간수온변화는약0.4°C
정도상승한것을확인해볼수있었다
(Khoa, 2018).
눈볼대의산란시기는여전히하계산란형을유지하고있는것으로보아수온에 의한산란기영향은적은것으로판단된다
.
눈볼대의성숙체장
(TL)
을알아보기위해산란기로추정되는5-10
월까지중숙이상개체들이산란에참여하는것으로간주하여성숙개체의출현비율을조사하였다
(Fig. 4).
그결과눈볼대암컷은전장이
22.9 cm
이하에서는성숙한개체가출현하지않았고
, 35.0 cm
이상인개체에서는전개체가산란에참여하는것으로나타났다
.
이러한결과들을바탕으로눈볼대암컷의성 숙체장(TL)
을분석한결과,
성숙도50%
에서는27.0 cm, 75%
에서는
28.7 cm, 97.5%
에서는32.7 cm
로추정되었다.
2008-2009
년에채집된눈볼대를대상으로한50%
성숙체장(TL)
결과, 29.6 cm
로본연구와약3 cm
정도차이나는것을확인해볼수있었다
.
약3 cm
정도의차이를눈볼대의연령에대입하여살펴보았을때
,
약1
년정도차이나는크기인것을알 수있다(Choi et al., 2012).
약10
년동안산란에가입하는개체 들의크기군이작게나타나는것으로확인해볼수있으며,
이러 한양상으로살펴보았을때,
눈볼대의성장양상및연령에도영 향을있을수있을것으로판단된다.
따라서눈볼대연령과성장 Fig. 3. Monthly changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI) for fe-male blackthroat seaperch Doederleinia berycoides in the water of southern sea, Korea.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353738
Frequency (%)
Female (N: 930) Male (N: 236)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
C F (% )
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
H SI
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
G SI
0 25 50 75 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Propo rti on o f g roup m at ur e (% )
Total length (cm)
Month
Month
Month
Total length (cm)
Female L
50=27.0 cm L
75=28.7 cm L
97.5=32.7 cm R
2=0.9
Fig. 4. A logistic relationship between standard length and matura- tion rate for female blackthroat seaperch Doederleinia berycoides.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353738
Frequency (%)
Female (N: 930) Male (N: 236)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
C F (% )
0 1 2 3 4 5
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
H SI
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb.
2018 2019
G SI
0 25 50 75 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Propo rti on o f g roup m at ur e (% )
Total length (cm)
Month
Month
Month
Total length (cm)
Female
L
50=27.0 cm
L
75=28.7 cm
L
97.5=32.7 cm
R
2=0.9
김현지
ㆍ
권대현ㆍ
박정호ㆍ
김영혜106
연구또한수행하여약
10
년동안어떠한차이를보였는지모니 터링할필요가있다고생각된다.
본연구결과
,
최소성숙체장(TL)
이26.7 cm
로나타났는데,
어획된눈볼대전장비율을살펴보면대부분이성숙체장
(TL)
보다더작은개체들의비율이높은것을확인해볼수있다
.
이 는산란에한번도참여하지못한개체들의어획으로이러한양 상이지속되면남획으로이어질수있으며,
이는자원량감소에 직접적인영향을미칠수있다.
이러한연구들을바탕으로살펴볼때
,
현재눈볼대에대한포 획금지체장은설정되어있지 않지만눈볼대의 높은선호도와 불안정한자원을보호하고관리하기위해포획금지체장설정 이필요할것으로생각된다.
또한포획금지체장선정시자원량이풍부했던
70-80
년대와자원량비교를통해자원량이현저하게줄어든경우에는
50%
성숙체장보다는75%
나97.5%
의성숙체장을포획금지체장의자료로이용하는것도고려해 볼수있다
.
사 사
이논문은
2020
년도국립수산과학원연근해어업자원 평가및관리연구
(R2020022)
의지원으로수행된연구입니다.
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