Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Contamination of Dissolved Major Ions and Heavy Metals in Waters and Sediments from the Tancheon River

전체 글

(1) , 35, 1 , 25-41, 2002 Econ. Environ. Geol., 35(1), 25-41, 2002.

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(4) . . . . Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Contamination of Dissolved Major Ions and Heavy Metals in Waters and Sediments from the Tancheon River Sung-Eun Lee1*, Kyu-Han Kim1, Jin-Soo Lee2 and Hyo-Taek Chon2 1. Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 12-750, Korea School of Civil, Urban and Geosystem Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. 2. In order to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and contamination of dissolved major ions and heavy metals in the Tancheon River, river water and sediment samples were collected at 18 locations, along a distance of 69 km, between Yongin-si in Kyunggi-do and Samsung-dong in Seoul on October in 2000 and April in 2001. After appropriate sample preparation, waters were analyzed for the dissolved constituents and sediments. The pH values of river waters were in the range of 7.0 to 9.3 and could be plotted in the area of surface environment. The level of Ca2+, Cl−, SO42−, NO3− and HCO3− in the Tancheon River were higher than those in world average river water. Most of dissolved constituents in the river waters increased toward downstream from upstream. In particular, high concentrations of Zn2+, Na+, Cl−, SO42− and NO3− were found near densely residential areas and the Sungnam waste water treatment plant. The relative ion enrichment was caused by the inflow of local domestic and industrial sewages. Also, Ca2+ and HCO3− concentrations were enriched in the middle of the Tancheon River due to the dissolution of cements. This indicates that the apartment complexes were built on a large scale in the upriver since these ten years and large amounts of construction materials such as cements were flowed into the Tancheon River. Concentrations of heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) in sediments from the Tancheon River exceeded the lower limit of tolerence level in bottom sediment established by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment (OME) of Canada. In particular, these metals were highly elevated in sediment (TSM-12) collected from near the Sungnam waste water treatment plant. Heavy metals were higher enriched in sediments collected from dry period rather than wet period.. the Tancheon River, heavy metal, domestic sewage, the Sungnam waste water treatment plant.

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(175) . Chemical compositions of water samples in the Tancheon river.. Sample No.. Al. Ca. K. Mg. Si. Fe. Mn. Ba. Cd. Co. Cr. Cu. Ni. Pb. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. 30.20 26.20 24.50 26.20 28.40 20.90 29.90 17.40 15.60 25.30 6.80 26.20 26.60 56.00 62.00 55.00 65.00 12.20. 15.10 14.90 14.30 13.00 13.90 14.10 13.10 10.70 12.70 11.20 11.40 9.23 20.00 9.63 10.80 11.40 10.90 7.93. 0.36 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.08 0.10 0.17 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08. 0.012 0.006 0.001 n.d. 0.001 n.d. n.d. 0.001 n.d. 0.001 n.d. n.d. 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 n.d.. 0.021 0.031 0.037 0.053 0.042 0.052 0.044 0.030 0.063 0.049 n.d. 0.045 0.029 0.016 0.015 0.046 0.023 0.003. 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. 0.02 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. 0.021 0.023 0.023 0.020 0.024 0.021 0.026 0.023 0.015 0.020 0.019 0.025 0.024 0.024 0.020 0.023 0.022 0.022. 24.70 52.60 37.60 10.30 26.00 17.50 36.40 15.90 66.30 30.80 9.70 32.40 38.60 39.50 39.80 32.10 42.60 14.20 45.90 5.79. 23.70 9.00 8.51 4.88 6.65 8.64 6.15 7.06 3.82 5.71 5.89 4.64 15.00 5.16 4.83 9.39 5.10 1.29. 0.23 0.53 0.11 0.08 0.35 0.09 0.12 0.09 0.21 0.12 0.08 0.10 0.20 0.12 0.12 0.37 0.10 0.09 27.90 0.04. 0.009 0.158 0.042 0.001 0.094 0.001 0.031 0.004 0.006 0.024 0.001 0.020 0.830 0.107 0.105 0.059 0.130 0.001. 0.004 0.043 0.019 0.016 0.010 0.036 0.026 0.017 0.058 0.019 0.013 0.023 0.084 n.d. n.d. 0.016 n.d. 0.003. 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. 0.025 0.017 0.019 0.013 0.015 0.017 0.022 0.018 0.024 0.024 0.017 0.017 0.021 0.017 0.019 0.019 0.017 0.016. 0.008. 0.001. . unit mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 1st sampling (2000. 10.) TWM-1 1.16 29.6 13.20 5.7 TWM-2 1.11 34.0 10.00 6.3 TWM-3 1.13 38.8 10.00 7.6 TWS-4 1.07 27.4 5.80 6.9 TWM-5 1.10 40.4 10.10 7.1 TWS-6 1.13 35.6 5.30 6.0 TWM-7 1.08 43.1 10.50 7.8 TWS-8 1.14 31.5 6.90 4.3 TWS-9 1.07 32.5 5.50 5.5 TWM-10 1.11 42.2 9.70 7.5 TWS-11 1.15 10.8 2.40 1.3 TWM-12 1.14 44.0 9.60 7.7 TWS-13 1.16 34.5 8.00 5.8 TWM-14 1.13 35.3 11.80 6.1 TWM-15 1.08 33.9 12.10 6.1 TWS-16 1.05 30.1 9.70 6.0 TWM-17 1.27 34.4 12.60 6.3 TWH-18 1.14 20.5 3.50 3.7 2nd sampling (2001. 4.) TWM-1 1.08 41.9 5.03 8.2 TWM-2 1.18 28.8 2.83 5.7 TWM-3 1.12 31.8 2.66 5.6 TWS-4 1.05 19.6 0.33 2.9 TWM-5 1.39 29.7 1.61 4.5 TWS-6 1.05 28.8 1.47 4.4 TWM-7 1.07 33.5 2.15 5.2 TWS-8 1.11 26.2 0.69 3.4 TWS-9 1.10 36.2 8.15 12.3 TWM-10 1.09 34.0 2.53 5.6 TWS-11 1.07 19.6 0 2.2 TWM-12 1.06 31.9 2.03 5.0 TWS-13 1.05 37.2 2.38 5.3 TWM-14 1.07 26.5 1.86 4.7 TWM-15 1.08 26.2 1.86 4.8 TWS-16 1.07 27.0 1.93 5.3 TWM-17 1.07 25.9 2.10 5.1 TWH-18 1.07 17.1 0.63 3.5 1) T.L 80.2 7.80 48.60 2) W.A. 0.05 20.4 3.41 2.21 n.d.: not detected 1) T.L. : limit of toler ance level (Appelo & Postma, 1994) 2) W.A : World Average (Livingstone, 1963). Na.

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(177) . Continued. V. Zn. F. Cl. SO4. NO3. NO2. PO4. HCO3. CO3. unit. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. mg/L. 31.2 38.6 52.8 26.9 64.8 58.6 70.9 41.3 34.5 65.1 15.5 84.7 46.6 35.3 32.4 23.4 33.0 9.8. 8.3 7.9 6.3 7.0 8.0 4.5 7.4 10.3 n.d. 11.4 7.3 15.4 12.8 15.4 20.4 23.5 22.9 7.0. n.d. 2.6 2.6 n.d. 3.1 n.d. 3.0 n.d. n.d. 2.2 0.5 1.5 2.5 n.d. 1.4 n.d. 1.4 2.4. n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d n.d. 113.2 148.3 122.0 119.4 97.7 160.0 87.0 128.9 155.0 140.9 136.2 115.6 89.1 124.5 90.3 76.9 91.5 70.8. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. 7.23 7.00 7.79 7.00 7.00 7.00 8.12 8.91 8.60 8.00 8.51 8.70 7.69 7.61 7.39 7.37 7.69 7.45. 35.0 24.2 33.5 31.3 42.6 36.9 43.8 31.0 33.9 31.4 24.3 34.0 53.3 47.9 39.0 44.3 38.1 27.1 480.3 12.1. 18.5 12.4 29.7 36.2 77.3 32.5 33.6 45.2 44.2 58.6 35.6 51.8 32.4 48.3 33.5 140.5 131.7 31.1 124.0. n.d. n.d. 1.2 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 3.4 n.d. n.d. n.d.. 0.5 2.4 1.2 0.6 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 0.2 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 1.5 n.d. 0.3 n.d. n.d. 1.9. 114.8 119.3 155.9 149.9 82.1 99.9 158.9 140.4 146.5 129.0 154.1 119.4 107.8 75.8 96.5 141.0 100.9 112.1 305.1 35.2. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 12.0 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. 8.20 7.46 7.70 7.00 8.69 8.20 8.09 8.89 9.31 8.52 8.63 8.53 8.40 8.03 7.73 7.72 8.08 7.83. Eh. EC. TDS. C. S/cm. mg/L. 133 175 144 141 115 188 113 152 182 166 160 136 137 162 118 172 187 176. 20.0 19.2 21.0 21.3 21.0 20.9 22.1 23.0 22.4 21.5 20.7 22.5 21.6 21.6 21.3 21.6 18.2 20.2. 383 390 432 330 451 357 494 321 329 451 112.5 460 414 527 560 470 559 210. 277 299 323 240 384 298 407 269 265 378 100 365 325 338 319 287 333 141. 144 140 183 176 114 118 187 165 172 152 181 141 161 124 114 166 184 173. 16.6 14.9 19.0 13.1 15.2 17.5 16.6 16.8 16.6 15.9 10.1 13.2 12.5 15.5 13.5 16.5 16.8 11.6. 416 595 474 170 362 280 419 252 666 396 148 354 478 499 448 395 522 199. 261 346 318 167 290 231 311 200 364 328 150 298 368 319 324 335 362 168. mV. Temp. o. . 1st sampling (2000. 10.) TWM-1 0.020 0.159 0.11 31.3 TWM-2 0.001 0.096 0.10 29.4 TWM-3 n.d. 0.176 0.10 30.3 TWS-4 n.d. 0.180 0.15 14.8 TWM-5 n.d. 0.153 0.11 37.7 TWS-6 0.001 0.211 0.09 29.8 TWM-7 n.d. 0.246 1.13 49.3 TWS-8 0.002 0.084 0.11 28.3 TWS-9 n.d. 0.145 0.10 23.7 TWM-10 n.d. 0.213 0.12 40.3 TWS-11 0.003 0.079 0.17 8.0 TWM-12 0.003 0.094 0.12 57.0 TWS-13 n.d. 0.218 0.28 56.8 TWM-14 0.001 0.189 0.10 51.6 TWM-15 n.d. 0.173 0.11 58.5 TWS-16 n.d. 0.149 0.39 60.4 TWM-17 n.d. 0.162 0.37 63.7 TWH-18 0.003 0.124 0.08 9.6 2nd sampling (2001. 4.) TWM-1 0.030 0.108 n.d. 23.7 TWM-2 0.003 0.073 0.27 48.5 TWM-3 0.006 0.086 0.30 32.7 TWS-4 n.d. 0.057 0.43 34.7 TWM-5 n.d. 0.088 0.14 40.9 TWS-6 n.d. 0.101 n.d. 32.1 TWM-7 0.002 0.107 n.d. 45.8 TWS-8 n.d. 0.057 n.d. 39.2 TWS-9 n.d. 0.077 n.d. 97.0 TWM-10 0.001 0.080 1.27 43.1 TWS-11 n.d. 0.060 0.85 30.5 TWM-12 n.d. 0.086 0.75 33.7 TWS-13 n.d. 0.116 0.74 71.9 TWM-14 n.d. 0.092 0.80 56.5 TWM-15 n.d. 0.096 0.98 40.2 TWS-16 n.d. 0.079 1.45 60.8 TWM-17 n.d. 0.106 1.09 57.2 TWH-18 0.001 0.064 0.36 26.2 1) T.L 70.9 2) W.A. 0.030 5.7 n.d.: not detected 1) T.L. : limit of toler ance level (Appelo & Postma, 1994) 2) W.A. :World Average (Livingstone,1963). pH.

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(216) . E0 . . −. −. , . +. . . . − . −. −. . . ?. . . . . $./;. −. − . −. −. 17 E, E72 . −. 72. . . −. Analytical results of stream sediments in the Tancheon river (unit in mg/kg).. Sample Al(%) Ca(%) K(%) Mg(%) Fe(%) No. 1st sampling TSM-1 1.69 0.36 0.82 0.53 2.44 TSM-2 1.15 0.29 0.79 0.46 2.10 TSM-3 1.84 0.58 1.04 0.82 3.23 TSS-4 2.08 0.18 1.51 0.56 2.50 TSM-5 1.45 0.40 0.62 0.62 2.55 TSS-6 1.41 0.65 3.50 0.55 2.43 TSM-7 1.13 0.56 0.68 0.50 2.20 TSS-8 1.76 0.42 1.18 0.69 2.90 TSM-10 1.25 0.46 2.27 0.48 2.46 TSS-11 2.24 0.41 3.99 0.62 3.40 TSM-12 1.74 1.66 3.61 0.70 2.90 TSS-13 1.48 0.26 0.59 0.57 2.40 TSM-14 2.10 0.38 0.69 0.80 3.77 TSM-15 1.73 0.39 0.73 0.65 3.03 TSS-16 1.69 0.46 1.89 0.62 2.87 TSM-17 1.91 0.59 0.88 0.68 2.93 TSH-18 1.03 0.33 0.65 0.45 2.14. Ba. Cd. Co. Cr. Cu. 108.8 74.0 126.4 149.6 109.2 122.0 83.2 159.2 118.4 217.2 205.6 145.2 286.0 179.6 218.8 154.0 74.4. 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 2.80 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.60. 2.2 6.2 13.3 9.2 8.5 8.0 5.5 10.0 7.5 11.8 77.6 9.1 12.9 11.0 10.2 11.1 5.3. 33.0 59.6 94.8 70.0 75.2 66.0 60.0 84.0 64.4 84.8 88.8 93.2 96.0 83.2 78.4 86.0 59.2. 2nd sampling TSM-1 0.97 TSM-2 2.53 TSM-3 1.96 TSS-4 1.74 TSM-5 1.43 TSS-6 1.88 TSM-7 0.53 TSS-8 2.10 TSS-9 1.73 TSM-10 1.70 TSS-11 2.03 TSM-12 1.93 TSS-13 1.98 TSM-14 2.29 TSM-15 1.98 TSS-16 1.82 TSM-17 2.05 TSH-18 1.10. 63.6 151.2 218.8 161.2 138.0 193.6 59.6 173.2 214.0 209.6 174.0 303.6 167.0 321.2 199.2 300.8 165.2 146.0. 1.40 1.76 1.70 2.00 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 2.40 2.00 2.40 2.00 2.40 2.40 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.20. 5.3 17.7 10.2 13.4 8.1 10.3 1.7 11.4 10.8 10.0 10.3 11.9 11.3 11.0 9.8 11.9 11.4 8.0. 55.2 120.0 94.4 84.4 73.6 91.6 74.4 88.4 86.0 76.4 73.6 115.6 98.0 93.6 86.0 82.0 79.2 67.6. 1.44 0.68 0.96 0.28 0.54 1.10 1.40 0.52 0.70 1.01 0.44 1.81 0.45 0.41 0.50 0.48 0.67 0.40. 0.81 0.86 1.00 3.63 1.03 1.22 0.72 1.23 2.70 2.72 1.94 2.76 0.74 0.64 0.72 0.56 0.79 0.41. 0.46 1.12 0.78 0.57 0.55 0.75 0.37 0.72 0.67 0.60 0.61 0.01 0.70 0.73 0.70 0.95 0.72 0.66. 1.99 3.98 3.02 3.35 2.68 2.86 1.65 3.09 2.82 2.76 2.82 3.19 2.96 4.18 3.42 3.12 3.39 2.61. Mn. Pb. V. Zn. 30.4 19.6 37.6 19.2 27.6 32.8 22.4 25.2 26.0 28.0 80.0 79.2 27.2 35.2 34.4 50.8 21.6. 488.0 396.8 520.0 752.0 312.8 1748.0 337.2 592.0 1136.0 1996.0 1808.0 294.8 347.2 366.4 944.0 440.0 323.2. 26.0 19.2 30.0 18.8 23.2 45.2 23.6 35.2 25.2 48.0 56.8 30.4 41.6 40.4 40.0 44.0 26.8. 11.1 22.4 37.6 30.5 28.7 28.6 22.5 36.6 26.2 43.2 34.7 36.9 48.0 38.1 38.0 38.9 24.0. 96.8 58.0 98.0 35.2 80.4 143.6 94.4 100.8 102.8 86.8 288.0 118.4 123.2 120.0 168.8 151.2 71.6. 42.4 49.6 124.4 40.8 81.2 144.8 95.6 51.2 131.6 50.4 42.8 116.0 95.2 52.0 58.0 62.0 98.0 67.2. 408.0 432.0 504.0 1816.0 516.0 612.0 361.2 616.0 1352.0 1360.0 1820.0 1536.0 395.0 435.0 450.0 1020.0 468.0 342.0. 42.8 12.0 22.5 24.4 48.4 52.6 32.4 48.0 40.4 36.2 32.8 44.6 40.0 40.8 45.2 40.0 24.0 13.2. 23.3 54.4 36.8 33.8 28.5 38.1 13.1 42.4 36.4 35.8 38.1 39.5 43.2 54.4 51.6 54.4 45.6 39.2. 234.0 112.4 344.0 108.8 160.0 608.0 203.2 192.4 302.8 187.6 158.0 356.0 197.6 249.2 235.2 234.8 208.0 218.4.

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(230) . Correlation coefficients of elements in sediments.. 1st sampling Ca. Ca. Mg. 1.000. 0.308 1.000. Mg K Fe Al. Co V Cr Mn Cu Zn Pb Cd *Significant at p=0.001. Fe. Al. Ba. Co. 0.541. 0.162. 0.043. 0.220. 0.924*. 0.042. 0.878*. 0.713*. 0.688. 1.000. 0.214. 0.269. 1.000. V. Cr. Mn. Cu. 0.108. 0.239. 0.540. 0.595. 0.361. 0.757*. 0.782*. 0.037. 0.324. 0.493. 0.195. 0.115. 0.823*. 0.863*. 0.242. 0.828*. 1.000. 0.767*. 0.193. 1.000. Zn. Pb. Cd. 0.880*. 0.646. 0.466. 0.310. 0.392. 0.538. 0.031. 0.999*. 0.195. 0.462. 0.626. 0.288. 0.706. 0.210. 0.125. 0.291. 0.620. 0.248. 0.660. 0.522. 0.272. 0.128. 0.136. 0.474. 0.077. 0.368. 0.811*. 0.651. 0.320. 0.265. 0.461. 0.692. 0.370. 1.000. 0.235. 0.367. 0.490. 0.652. 0.823*. 0.610. 0.172. 1.000. 0.935*. 0.177. 0.295. 0.298. 0.610. 0.304. 1.000. 0.094. 0.480. 0.364. 0.528. 0.249. 1.000. 0.194. 0.462. 0.623. 0.284. 1.000. 0.733*. 0.523. 0.262. 1.000. 0.795*. 0.316. 1.000. 0.275 1.000. . Ba. K.

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