A Risk Prediction Method for Slope Failure of Large Open Pit Mine due to Rainfall

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Vol. 49, No. 5 O2012PG pp. 689-699

Գ૴઩ଭ෉۩ָࡦڋవֈॺଭॷ࡟ऊ֏଍෠ܑુ౸׆࣑

׌෴ࡧÂ ࠑܛ૴Â ࢮܑ෮ Â ୨૳࣫Â ট૴ౡ

A Risk Prediction Method for Slope Failure of Large Open Pit Mine due to Rainfall

Hyung-Mok Kim, Dong-Woo Ryu, Dohyun Park, Yong-Bok Jung and Choon Sunwoo

Abstract : In this study, we have introduced a risk prediction method for the slope failure at large open pit mine. The method includes the risk prediction based on rainfall data, using monitored data, and in terms of digital elevation model (DEM) in addition to a conventional slope stability analysis as a result of a seepage-stress analysis.

Cumulative precipitation rate and intensity were useful in predicting slope failure induced by rainfall and monitoring suction pressure above groundwater table was also applicable. Slope failure prediction due to rainfall using DEM was considered to help identify potentially dangerous regions and their evolution during excavation.

And mine dewatering technologies such as natural and horizontal drainage, vertical pumping and drainage tunnel method to enhance a open pit mine slope stability were introduced as well together with their applicability, depending on geological and hydrogeological characteristics of the slope.

Key words : Large open pit mine, Slope failure risk, Seepage-stress analysis, Rainfall monitoring, Digital elevation model (DEM), Dewatering

څ أ ҆҃ČقԴəÌڍقۆॢʂőϿȤߎġԓԐϸۆңĨڦॹʪथÀقটڌÀɠॢşցͿԴࠞ࣊-ڿ ͳ३ԵقۆॢԐϸ؋܁थÀşցӼχ؉ɦ͆ۋεٰ҃ॠşڦॢѓ؋ڷͿÌڍۙ͟ΒقŖäॢڦॹʪ

߸܁, ԐϸقԴۆćࠑۙΒεۋڌॢڦॹʪٚࠑşѪ, ս࠘शČϿʝ(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)ںۋڌॢ

ڦॹʪٚࠑşѪˣںՙÒॠٕɰ. ɀۺÌڍ͟ęÌڍÌʪεۋڌॠيԐϸңĨڦॹʪεٚࠑॣսەڼں

ٕ҃ڷ϶, ݓॠսϸԜҙϿěড়սͳۆćࠑںࣀॢशࠗңĨڦॹʪٚࠑۋÀɠ॥ں؎սەؽɰ. DEMں

ۋڌॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪٚࠑşѪڹʂőϿȤߎԐϸۆڦॹݓًںԐۻق߸߻ॠيěνॠČ޽ġۚغݕॱ ق˰δڦॹʪѺজتԜں֪՚ॠóࣷ؊ॠəʚڮڌॣìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ. ̚ॢ, ȤߎġԓԐϸۆ؋܁Ձں

ॳԜ֨ࢅşڦॢ҃ܓėѪڷͿٍۙѕս, սथѕսė, تսėѪ, ѕսࢢȇėęÏڹݓॠսڦॠÌėѪۆܛΪ

ф࣢ݜęԐϸۆݓݗॡۺфսνݓݗॡۺ࣢ݜق˰δۺڌՁقʂ३şցॠٕɰ.

ܳڅر ʂőϿȤߎġԓ, ԐϸңĨڦॹʪ, ࠞ࣊-ڿͳ३Ե, Ìڍćࠑ, ս࠘शČϿʝ, ѕսėѪ

2012ț3ښ19ێۿս, 2012ț6ښ1ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2012ț10ښ18ێóۦঝ܁

1) ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙԸےٍĵڙ 2) ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ޾ےٍĵڙ

*Corresponding Author(чʪই) E-mail; [email protected]

Address; Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Gwahang-no 92, Yuseong-Gu, Daejon, 305-350, Korea

Դ΁

ԐϸңĨəٽۺфǴۺҝ؋܁څۍڷͿĵқॣս

ەɰ. ٽۺۍҝ؋܁څۍڷͿəݓ঍ۆşॠॡۺѺজ,

ࢹक़ॠܼۆݒÀ, ॠܼۆ܃ä, ߿üфݕʴ, ۍۿॢ঒

ս̚ə۹սݓۆսڦѺজфÌڍˣۋەڷ϶Ǵۺ ۍҝ؋܁څۍڷͿəҝٍ՚ϸۆܕۦфݕॱՁࣷĨ,

ॄজۚڌ, Нۆ ࠞ࣊Ϳۍॢ ڵ३ ˣں˞ ս ەɰ.

ॢठ, ʂҙқۆԐϸڹݓॠսϸԜҙقܕۦॠş˺

ЛقԐϸǴҙəڼۆÂŕսؓںÍəҝपজԜࢗق

Ȯۋóʽɰ. ۋ͠ॢҝपজݓъǴقܕۦॠəڼۆÂ ŕսؓق ३ɾॠə Ͽěড়սͳ(matric suction)ڹ ݓъ ۆۻɳÌʪεݒÀ֨ࡈԐϸۆ؋܁ՁںݒÀ֨ࢅəً

ॣںॢɰ. Ŕ͠ǣÌڍقۆ३ҝपজԐϸۆपজʪٮ

ÂŕսؓқपقѺজÀьԦॠČݓъशࠗۆ֥ڰŪ ۋÀŪرݙق˰͆ԐϸǴҙۆϿěড়սͳфڮমڿ ३ Ժ

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Fig. 1. Hydrological cycle for a typical open pit (Sullivan, 2007).

Table 1. Components of hydrological cycle in a open pit mine

қΪ ĵՁڅՙ

սۙڙ

Ìս ڮ߻ս ڮۓ ݓॠս

ݚս ݓशս

ݓॠս

ѕս ֨֟ࢰ

׋॒(Sump) ѕսė սथѕս ѕսࢢȇ ے֨ওڹٖĵ۹ۤʽН ׋॒(Sump)

ٍЇ

ݓॠսڦ ф սؓ

ݓॠսڦ

ݓशսфݓॠսԐۋۆۻۋ ėŕսؓ

޽Ĺق ۆॢ Ȥߎġԓ

ؒъ Ѻজق şۍॢ

սνॡۺ Ѻজ

ԐϸѪϸ ۍŖۆ Œَۋ

ьɵॢ ۹սࠗ

ԐϸѪϸ ҙŖۆ սνۻʪʪ

ф ۹Ϊćս ͳۋ ÇՙॠيĀĶ ңĨͿ ۋرݓóʽɰ.

Ìڍࠞ࣊εČͲॠيԐϸ؋܁ՁںथÀॣ˺ࠞ࣊३ ԵںսॱॠيÌڍࠞ࣊ق˰δԐϸǴÂŕսؓқप ٮपজʂεٚࠑॠČۋق˰δԐϸۆ؋܁Ձ३Եں

սॱॠəѓѪڹSEEP/W фSLOPE/W(GEO-SLOPE, 2007)ˣęÏڹԜڌ॒ͿŔ͖ۆ҃śę॥ƍ҃ठজʼ رĶǴقԴʪɰսۆۺڌԐͻÀ҃Čʽцەɰ(֪ѓ ږˣ, 2003; ۋۍϿˣ, 2003; ۋՁݕˣ, 2005; ۋÌێˣ, 2006; ١Ճңˣ, 2008; ۋ܁ْˣ, 2010, іঞܓˣ, 2010).

ȤߎġԓԐϸڹٍۙԐϸфٖĵ֨ԺۍۼࠄԐϸę

ɵν޽Ĺۚغۋݕॱʿق˰͆şॠॡۺݓ঍фܳѺ

ąćܓæۋ ݓ՚ۺڷͿ Ѻজॢɰ. ˰͆Դ, ҃ठۺڷͿ

Ԑڌʼəࠞ࣊३Եęڿͳ३Եںտ޲ۺڷͿսॱॠə

Ԑϸ؋܁३ԵşѪںۺڌॠşڦ३Դə޽ġۚغĀę Ϳصرݕݓ঍ۙΒεۋڌॠي३ԵڅՙۆۦۚՁф

֪őąćܓæԺ܁ˣںज़څͿॢɰ. ۋ͠ॢࠞ࣊-ڿͳ

ٍć३ԵşѪڹ֨Âق˰δÌڍࠞ࣊фÂŕսؓқ पٮۋͿۍॢݓъڿͳфۦΒ࣢ՁۆѺজεČͲॠ يڿͳқपεĵॠČۋεۋڌॠيԐϸ؋܁Ձêࢹ εսॱॠş˺Лق֬܃ԐϸęڮԐॢܓæںۦইॣ

սەəۤ۾ۋەɰ. Ŕ͠ǣۋ͠ॢۚغقəφʂॢ֨

ÂęȤͳۋڅĵʽɰ. ࣢০, ҼԸ঍ۺۍҝपজࠞ࣊३ Եওڹ3޲ڙ࢏ՙՁڿͳ३Եˣںۺڌॣąڍъ҄

ۺۍćԓę܁ۋज़څॠş˺Лق֨Âق˰δԐϸ؋܁

३Եۆąڍćԓ͟ۋʌڎѓʂ३ݕɰ. ॢठ, Ìڍࠞ࣊

ˣںČͲॠݓ؍Čݓ঍фݓݗॡۺڅۍ˞ۆėÂۺ

қपχںČͲॠيʂőϿȤߎġԓۆٚҼԐϸңĨڦ ॹʪथÀε֪՚ॠČ۹ͶॠóսॱॠşڦॢٍĵĀ ęʪ ҃Čʽ ц ەɰ(߯څտ ˣ, 2009).

҆҃ČقԴəÌڍقۆॢʂőϿȤߎġԓԐϸۆ

ңĨڦॹʪथÀقটڌÀɠॢşցͿԴۆࠞ࣊-ڿͳ

ٍć३ԵşցӼχ؉ɦ͆ۋεٰ҃ॠşڦॢѓ؋ڷͿ

Ìڍۙ͟ΒقŖäॢڦॹʪ߸܁, ԐϸقԴۆćࠑۙ

Βε ۋڌॢ ڦॹʪ ٚࠑ şѪ, ս࠘शČϿʝ(Digital Elevation Model)ںۋڌॢڦॹʪٚࠑşѪˣںՙÒ ॠٕɰ. ̚ॢ, ȤߎġԓԐϸۆ؋܁ՁںॳԜ֨ࢅşڦ

ॢ҃ܓėѪڷͿݓॠսڦॠÌėѪۆܛΪф࣢ݜę

Ԑϸۆݓݗॡۺфսνݓݗॡۺ࣢ݜق˰δۺڌՁق

ʂ३ şցॠٕɰ.

ȤߎġԓԐϸقԴۆНտঞć IZESPMPHJDDZDMF

ȤߎġԓԐϸܳѺۆНտঞć(hydrological cycle)ə

Fig. 1ęÏۋǣࢍǷսەɰ. ۋ͠ॢНտঞćεĵՁ

ॠəНͿəࡾóÌڍ(precipitation)قۆ३ԐϸǴҙ Ϳࠞ࣊ॠə॥تս(infiltration water)ٮėşܼڷͿݒ ьॠəݒьս(evaporation water)Àەɰ. ॥تսقۆ ३ԐϸǴҙÀपজʿق˰͆ÌڍܼێҙəԐϸѪ ϸقԴڮ߻ս৔ζ(run off)ں঍ՁॠيԐϸܼÂथݓ ق۹սݓ(ponding)ε঍Ձॠäǣॠɳݚսݓ(sump)ق

ݚ०ʼČ, Ԑϸ ǴҙͿ ࠞ࣊ॢ Нڹ ݓॠս(groundwater)ٮ ÂԾॠي ڮʴں ঍Ձॢɰ. ۋ˞ Нտঞćə

ڌॣսەɰ. Нտঞćٮ॥ƍȤߎġԓԐϸۆ؋܁Ձ ق ٖॳں й࠘ə څՙ˞ں څأॠϸ Table 1ę Ïɰ.

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Table 2. Factor of safety used for long-term stability analysis of slope (ॢࢗĎ ˣ, 2007)

ĵқ şܵ؋ۻڱ ҼČ

æş FS > 1.5 - ݓॠսÀ ػə ìڷͿ ३Ե

ڍş

FS > 1.2

̚ə FS > 1.3

- ؒъҼ࢐ϸڹۍۤŒَۆ1/2֮ʪūݓݓॠսڦεڦ࠘֨ࢅČ३Եսॱ, ࢹࠗ

ф ॄজؒڹ ݓशϸق ݓॠսε ڦ࠘֨ࢅČ ३Ե սॱ(FS=1.2 ۺڌ) - Ìڍۆ ࠞ࣊ε ČͲॢ ३Եں ֬֨ॠə ąڍ(FS=1.3 ۺڌ)

- ڦ 2Àݓ ܓæܼ Ը࢘ۺڷͿ 1Àݓ ܓæں χܔ֨ࡈآ ॥ ݓݕ֨ FS > 1.1 - ݓݕěՁͳڹ ࣷĨࢹߕۆ ܼ֮ق սथѓॳڷͿ ۚڌ֨ࢉ

- ݓॠսڦə ֬܃ࠑ܁ ̚ə थԜ֨ۆ ݓॠսڦ ࠑ܁

ɳş FS > 1.0 - şÂ 1ț йχۆ ɳşÂۆ ؋܁Ձ êࢹ ֨ - Ìʪ܁սε ॢćÌʪÀ ؉ɨ ۛΪÌʪͿ ३Եॢ ąڍ: ڦ şܵقԴ 0.1 Çՙ

- Ҽ࢐ϸ Ԝॠҙ ࣷĨѩڦ Ǵق À٢, æН ˣۆ Č܁֨ԺНۋ ەə ąڍ: ڦ şܵقԴ 0.05 ݒÀ - Ҽ࢐ϸ Ԝҙ ࣷĨѩڦ Ǵق 1, 2ܛ ֨ԺНۆ şߣÀ ەə ąڍ: ѻʪ êࢹ

- Ԝş ܓæں ܼ҄ ۺڌॠي FS < 1.0ۍ ąڍقə ߯ՙ؋ۻڱ 1.0 ۺڌ

Ìڍࠞ࣊قۆॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪٚࠑşѪ

ԐϸңĨق˰δक़३ѓݓф۹ÇںЀۺڷͿɰت

ॢѓ֩ۆңĨڦॹʪٚࠑѓѪۋ܃؋ʼرٵɰ. يş Դəս࠘३ԵşѪںۋڌॢٚࠑ, ÌڍÀԐϸңĨۆ

ݔۿۺڙۍں܃ė֨ۺڌॣսەəÌڍқԵقۆॢ

ڦॹʪٚࠑ, ԐϸقԴۆćࠑĀęεۋڌॢڦॹʪٚ

ࠑ, ս࠘शČϿʝфݚսϿʝںۋڌॠيڦॹʪεٚ

ࠑॠə ѓѪڷͿ Ճқॠي Դցॠٕɰ.

ࠞ࣊фڿͳ३ԵںۋڌॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪٚࠑ

஺෇৤଍ࠜ ճߙ෉ ॷ࡟ੲ୨ැজ

Ìڍۆࠞ࣊ͿۍॢԐϸۆ؋܁ՁथÀ֨Àۤɳտ

ॢѓѪڹÌڍͿۍॢݓॠսڦԜ֧ںÀ܁ॠيԐϸ

؋܁३ԵںսॱॠəѓѪڷͿŕɳۺڷͿݓॠսڦÀ

ݓशϸęێ࠘ॠʪ΀À܁ॠşʪॢɰ. ۋٮÏڹԐϸ

३ԵܓæڹݓॠսڦԜ֧মęε֬܃҃ɰϔڍęɰॠ óČͲ॥ڷͿ׆ĀęۺڷͿęɰԺćф҃ÌڷͿۋ رݗսەɰ(ܓՁڹ, 2005; ťѩܳٮťşږ, 2009). Ŕ

͠ǣݓशϸęݓॠսڦεʴێॠóÀ܁ॠəѓ֩ڹԜ ʂۺڷͿÂɳॣӼχ؉ɦ͆ۋٮÏڹԺćقԴʪڍ ş֨ԐϸңĨÀҾѥ০ьԦॠş˺Лقć՚३ԴԐ ڌʼČەə֬܁ۋɰ. ݓॠսڦČͲѓ֩ق˰δԐϸ ۆ ۤş؋܁Ձ थÀ ؋ۻڱ(Factor of Safety, FS)ڹ

Table 2ٮ Ïۋ܁νॣ ս ەɰ.

ऄඑฃ஺ࢱٛԩּ৤੺ंඑࠜճߙ෉ॷ࡟ੲ୨ැজ Ìڍࠞ࣊ͿۍॢԐϸǴҝपজݓъۆϿěড়սͳ

қपфÂŕսؓ܁҃εݓъǴÁڦ࠘ѻͿĵॠČ

ۋε ॢćथ঍Ѫق ۺڌॠي ؋ۻڱں ĵॠə ѓ֩ڹ, ҝपজ ًٖۆ ࠞ࣊ε ČͲॣ ս ەə SEEP/W ф

SLOPE/W(GEO-SLOPE, 2007)ٮ Ïڹ Ԝغڌ S/Wۆ

҃śڷͿۍ३҃ठজʼؽɰ. ҝपজԐϸݓъۆ؋܁Ձ ڹÌڍٮݓъܓæق˰͆ࡾóٖॳںыəɰ. ݌, ݓ ъ࣢ՁęÌڍܓæق˰͆ҝपজԐϸǴҙͿۆࠞ࣊ä ʴۋɵ͆ݓ϶, ԐϸࣷĨۆڮ঍قʪٖॳںйࠚɰ. ث ڹşъؒۋܕۦॠäǣǰڹ࣊սՁںݓɨՃςݓъۆ

ąڍࠞ࣊ÀثڹŪۋūݓχݕॱʼرशϸقے֨ݓॠ սÀ঍ՁʼČۋق˰͆शϸࣷĨÀɠՁۋȭڹъϸ, ȭڹ࣊սՁںݓɨࢹԐԐϸݓъڹŪڹŪۋūݓࠞ࣊

ÀьԦॠيۋͿۍॢϿěড়սͳۆѺজÀ҃ɰȉڹ

ًٖقԴڮьʼдͿԐϸࣷĨۆŪۋÀŪرݕɰ. ˰͆

ԴʂԜԐϸقԴۆҝपজݓъԺć܁սε֬Ǵфই

ۤ֬ॹںࣀ३ĵॠČۋεۋڌॢࠞ࣊३Եںࣀ३Ì ڍࠞ࣊ق˰δԐϸǴÂŕսؓқपٮݓॠսڦ঍Ձ ܓæ ˣں ܁ঝ০ ٚࠑॣ ज़څÀ ەɰ.

ێъۺڷͿ Âŕսؓں ČͲॢ Ԑϸ؋܁३Եڹ Ìڍ

ࠞ࣊قۆॢ३Եۋٰۻ০ܛΒʽ঳ॢćथ঍३Եں

տ޲ۺڷͿ ֬֨ॠə տ޲३Ե(sequential analysis)ق

३ɾॢɰ. տ޲३ԵقԴۆҝपজ࣊սćսəϿěড়ս ͳۆ॥սͿश֨ʼČٽҙॠܼۋǣܼۙڷͿьԦॠə

Ѻ঍قۆॢÂŕҼۆѺজəČͲʼݓ؍ş˺Лقڮ মڿͳÒȝڹۻڿͳۆѺজق˰δÂŕսؓۆѺজε

ćԓॠݓЇॢɰ. ˰͆ԴۻڿͳۆѺজə२Ԝڮমڿ ͳۆ Ѻজٮ Ïڹ ߸ۋε ҃ۍɰ.

ъϸ, Ìڍقۆॢࠞ࣊äʴęݓъۆڿͳԜࢗεԜ

঒ۆܕۺڷͿ҃Čࠞ࣊३Եęڿͳ३Եںʴ֨قսॱ ॠə ʴ֨३Ե(coupled or monolithic analysis)قԴə

ۻڿͳںćԓॣ˺पজʪٮÂŕսؓںČͲॠيćԓ

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Fig. 2. Status of slope stability analyses (ডٖߏęťۦচ,

2010). Fig. 3. Definition of prediction index of slope failure risk («_Ƅ).

ॠдͿڮমڿͳڹ२Ԝҝपজࠞ࣊Ѻজق˰δपজ ʪٮڼ(-)ۆÂŕսؓۆࡾşق˰͆Ѻজॢɰ. ̚ॢ, ۋ

˞ҝपজࠞ࣊äʴقěيॠəԐϸѺ঍фÂŕҼѺ জٮۋق˰δ࣊սćսѺজεČͲॣսەɰ. ۋ˞

տ޲३Եęٍć३ԵۆܼÂۺۿŖѓѪڷͿࠞ࣊-ڿͳ

३ԵقʂॢĀęεėڮॠʼ, ३Ե֨ÂںՃқॠي३ Եॠəɳćۺ३Ե(staggered analysis) ѓѪۋԐڌʾ

սەɰ(ডٖߏę ťۦচ, 2010).

ťۦচęডٖߏ(2010)ڹÂ͜জʽԐϸϿʝںۋڌ ॠيտ޲३Եęʴ֨३ԵĀęεҼİॠٕɰ. ڿͳ३Ե قԴəԸ঍࢏ՁϿʝ, ҝपজࠞ࣊३ԵقԴəFredlund Ͽʝ(1994), Ԑϸ؋܁३Եں ڦ३Դə Mohr-Coulomb ϿʝںԐڌॠٕɰ. Áࠞ࣊३ԵقۆॢĀęεۋڌॠ يBishop ѓѪقۆॢԐϸ؋܁ՁںêࢹॢĀę, ࠞ࣊

३Ե֨ݓъڿͳںČͲॠݓ؍ڹտ޲३Եۆ؋ۻڱڹ

1.367ۍ ъϸ, ݓъڿͳں ČͲॢ ʴ֨३Եۆ ąڍə

1.378Ϳćԓʼرտ޲३Ե҃ɰ҃սۺۍĀęεٕ҃

ɰ. ۋ͠ॢ؋ۻڱۆ޲ۋəԐϸ؋܁३Ե֨ݓॠսڦ χںČͲॠə३ԵĀęٮۆ޲ۋقҼॠيࡾݓə؍ڷ ǣ, ԐϸۆőϿǣÌڍܓæфݓъܓæق˰͆؋ۻڱ ۆ޲ۋəɵ͆ݗսەɰ. Fig. 2əݓॠսڦфҝपজ

ݓъۆÂŕսؓқपεۋڌॢԐϸ؋܁३ԵşѪۆĶ ǴۺڌইডںϿʝۺ०Ձф३ԵठۆՁق˰͆ʪ֩জ

ॢìۋɰ.

Ìڍۙ͟ΒεۋڌॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪٚࠑ ÌڍقۆॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪəңĨ֨۾ūݓۆɀ ۺÌڍ͟ę ңĨ ɾ֨ۆ ÌڍÌʪق ٖॳں ыəɰ.

Surllivan(2007)ڹ 137Òՙۆ ңĨ Ԑϸۆ Ìڍş΀ۆ

ࣀćۺқԵںࣀ३ңĨۋۻ7ێÂۆԸॱÌڍÀԐ

ϸңĨقÀۤࢀٖॳںйࠚɰČ҃Čॠٕɰ. ̚ॢ, ۋ˞ԐϸңĨԐͻۆ60%ə7ێÂÌڍÀݓ՚ʽ঳

ңĨɾێقʪÌڍÀьԦॠٕڷ϶, 25%əңĨɾێ قəÌڍÀػرʪ7ێÂۆԸॱÌڍقۆॢԐϸңĨ À ьԦॠٕɰ.

Sasaki et al.(2001)ڹɀۺÌڍ͟ęÌڍÌʪεۋڌ ॠيÌڍقۆॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪٚࠑݓश(«_Ƅ)ε֩

(1)ęÏۋ܁ۆॠČңĨٚࠑقۋڌॣսەڼںٕ҃

ɰ. ɀۺÌڍ͟ڹ1ܳێۻҙࢢۆɀۺÌڍ͟(R), Ìڍ Ìʪ(r)ə 1֨Â Âüۆ Ìڍ͟ں ǣࢍǶɰ.

«_Ƅáö^ć^Þ^«Îà«ß^Ïâ ſ^ÏÞƐ_Îà Ɛß^Ï (1)

يşԴ, «Îá Ó××ƋƋ, Ɛ_Îá Î××ƋƋîƆ, ſ á ÒڷͿ ࣢܁

ݓًقԴۆңĨۋͳںČͲॠيąॹۺڷͿĀ܁ʽɰ.

«_Ƅۆ ۆйəſZƐ g« थϸԜۆ ڙ঒ ܼ֮(ſZƐ_Îì«_Î) ڷͿҙࢢъąѓॳڷͿ«Ƅ ̆رݕݓ۾قԴۆÌڍ࣢Ձ ڷͿ«_ƄÀ ۚ؉ݗս΀ ңĨڦॹʪÀ ࠶ݙں ۆйॢɰ (Fig. 3).

Fig. 4ə1999ț6ښ29ێێ҆০Ϳ֨υݓًقԴۆ

14֨~17֨Ԑۋۆ1֨ÂÂüۆ«_Ƅқपٮ֬܃Ԑϸң ĨьԦবսεҼİॢìڷͿ«_ƄÉۋǰںս΀ңĨь Ԧݓ۾սÀݒÀ॥ں؎սەɰ. ̚ॢ, ۻߕ161Òՙۆ

Ìڍěࠑݓ۾ܼ, ңĨÀьԦॢݓ۾26ÒՙٮьԦॠ ݓ؍ڹ135Òՙۆ«_Ƅۆ߯ՙÉںҼİ॥ڷͿ׆ۋݓ

ًقԴۆԐϸңĨÀьԦॠşڦॢܓæڷͿ«Ƅï ÑÒ×ƋƋ ں܃֨ॠٕɰ. ̚ॢ, «_Ƅá ÑÒ×ƋƋقʪɵॢ঳֬܃ң ĨÀьԦॠşūݓəأ15~75қ܁ʪۆ֨Âيڮε

(5)

Fig. 4. Number of monitoring points of «_Ƅ.

Fig. 5. Definition of Rw. ݓशͿԴۋڌÀɠ॥ں҃Čॢцەɰ. ˰͆Դ«_ƄÉۆ

ėÂۺқपф֨ÂۺѺজتԜںۋڌॠيԐϸңĨ

ڦॹݓًфьԦ֨şεԐۻقٚࠑॠيʂڿ޾ںυ ʹॣ սەںìڷͿ şʂʽɰ.

ॢठ, «_Ƅə֨Âąęق˰δԸॱÌڍۆٖॳۋ۹Ç ʼəমę(ѕսমę)ÀČͲʼݓ؍Č, «_ƄÉۋۚ؉ݙق

˰͆ڦॹʪÀݒÀॠə࣢ՁۋەرÌڍÀݓ՚ʼϸ

ңĨڦॹʪÀݒÀॣìۋ͆əݔÇقرŜǣəɳ۾ۋ

ەɰ. ۋق刨劐笚埳G 罄(2004)ڹڮমÌڍ͟Òȝںʪ ۓॢÌڍ͟ݓश(«_ƕ)ںʪۓॠČ, ڦॹʪٮ܁Ҽͻě ćεÀݓəս܁ݓशۍR'ε܃؋ॠٕɰ.«_Ƅƕə«_Ƅۆ

ćԓقԐڌʼəR(1ܳێۋۻҙࢢۆɀۺԸॱÌڍ͟) ʂ֪قۤşÌڍ͟ݓशͿԴъÇş72֨Âۆۤşڮম Ìڍ͟«_ƕε, r(1֨ÂÂüۆÌڍ͟)ںʂ֪ॠيъÇ ş1.5֨ÂۆɳşڮমÌڍ͟(Ɛ_ƕ)εۋڌॠي֩(2)ٮ

Ïۋ ćԓॣ ս ەɰ.

«_Ƅƕáö^ć^Þ^«Îà«_ƕß^Ïâ ſ^ÏÞƐ_Îà Ɛ_ƕß^Ï (2)

يşԴ, «_ƕ: ۤşڮমÌڍ͟(mm), Ɛ_ƕ: ɳşڮমÌڍ

͟(mm), «_Î:ܟशथϸԜۆսथ߹şܵ۾, Ɛ_Î:ܟशथϸ Ԝۆ սݔ߹ şܵ۾, ſ: Àܼ࠘ۋɰ.

Rfwə Fig. 5قԴ ےۆۆ Ìڍܓæں ǣࢍǴə ۾

A(Rw, arw)ٮşܵ۾B(R1, ar1) Ԑۋۆäν(mm)εǣ

ࢍǶɰ. ʴێॢRwÉںÀݓəÌڍܓæڹşܵ۾B(R1, ar1)ںܼ֮ڷͿॢъąRfwۆڙ঒ق३ɾॢɰ. ̚ॢ, ۋεսथ߹Rw, սݔ߹rw ۍܟशćͿѺঞॠϸʴێ

ॢRfwÉں ÀݓəÌڍܓæڹşܵ۾C(R1, r1)ںܼ֮

ڷͿॢۤ߹ъąRw, ɳ߹ъąrwۆࢍڙںǣࢍǶɰ.

Rwфrwəٍ՚ۺڷͿćԓʼş˺Лق֨Âق˰͆Ѻ জॠəԐϸңĨڦॹʪε֬֨ÂڷͿश֨ॣսەɰ.

߯ܛۺڷͿڦॹʪق܁ҼͻॠيݒÀॠəÌڍ͟ݓ श R'ə֩ (3)ęÏۋ ܁ۆʽɰ.

يşԴ«_{Ƅƕ ×}:ڙ۾Oٮşܵ۾B(R1, ar1) Ԑۋۆäν ۋɰ.

݌, ɳşфۤşڮমÌڍ͟ۋϿ˃0 mmÀʼə֨

۾ۆRfwÉ(Rfw0)ڷͿҙࢢےۆۆ۾RfwÉںӒܹڷͿ׆

ڦॹʪق Ҽͻॠي ݒÀॠə ݓशͿ Ѻঞॣ ս ەɰ.

Fig. 6ڹ1999ț6ښ~9ښԐۋۆÌڍ͟ʚۋࢢεۋ ڌॠيRf, Rfw, R'ںćԓॠيҼİॢĀęۋɰ. R'əÌ ڍpeak ۋ঳ق۾ݕۺڷͿڦॹʪÀÇՙॠəąॳں

҃ۋəъϸRfəćɳ֩ڷͿݒÀॠČەڼں؎սە ɰ. 6ښ29ێę9ښ15ێقࢗॄڷͿۍॢݚܼ঒ڍٮ

ۋͿۍॢԐϸңĨÀьԦॠٕڷ϶, ˃ңĨ֨۾قԴ

ćԓʽRfəࢀ޲ۋε҃يşܕق܃؋ʽ«_Ƅá ÑÒ×ƋƋ şܵڷͿəԐϸңĨڦॹʪथÀÀĎ͈ॢĀęε҃

ٕɰ. ॢठR'ۆąڍ, ˃ąڍقԴڮԐॢćԓÉں҃

ÌڍقۆॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪε҃ɰ۞ԺϼॠəĀę εٕ҃ɰ.

ćࠑۙΒεۋڌॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪٚࠑ

ÌڍقۆॢԐϸңĨəԐϸǴ॥ս͟ۆݒÀ, Ͽě ড়սͳۆÇՙфÌڍقۆॢܼۙݒÀˣڷͿۍ३

(6)

Fig. 6. Comparison of indices Rf, Rfw, and R'.

Fig. 7. Model for capillary pressure measurements and location of tensiometer (嬫竟懠彡匕, 2006).

Fig. 8. Evolution of pore pressure during model experiment

(嬫竟懠彡匕2006).

ьԦॢɰ. ԐϸϿ঍֬ॹę܁قԴۆćࠑĀęͿصرݓ əϿěড়սͳۆ֨ćَѺজεۋڌॢÌڍقۆॢԐϸ

ңĨ ڦॹʪ ٚࠑ şѪۋ ҃Čʽ ц ەɰ(嬫竟懠彡匕, 2006).

Fig. 7ڹ֨ॹقۋڌʽԐϸϿ঍ڷͿÀͿ× ՃͿ×

ȭۋəÁÁ180 cm × 180 cm × 90 cmۋɰ. ֨ॹę܁

ܼćࠑںڦ३Դəսқۤͳć(tensiometer) (No. 1~16), Âŕսؓć(WP), ڮ͟ćф٣ʪć(thermo-coupler)À

Ԑڌʼؽɰ. ֨ॹڌࢹԐۆۓۙнʪə2.45 g/cm³ۋɰ.

Fig. 8ڹÁࠑ܁۾قԴࠑ܁ʽڼ(-)ۆϿěড়սͳę

ت(+)ۆÂŕսؓۆ֨ćَѺজεǣࢍǶɰ. Ìڍমę قۆ३ԐϸԜҙݓ۾ҙࢢ॥սҼÀݒÀॠş֨ۚॠČ

Ͽěড়սͳڹ Çՙ(Âŕսؓڹ ݒÀ)ॠə Āęε ҃ۍ ɰ. Ìڍقۆॢࠞ࣊սÀԐϸцɱϸūݓʪɵॣąڍ, Fig. 8(d)قԴ҃əцٮÏۋت(+)ۆÂŕսؓۋьԦ

ॢɰ. ̚ॢ, ࠞ࣊սėśۋ֨ۚʼČأ115қąęॢۋ

঳قңĨÀьԦॠş֨ۚॢɰ. ٚε˞ر, ԐϸԜҙق

Ժ࠘ʽսқۤͳć(tensiometer) No. 9 (֮ʪ50 cm)ۆ

äʴںԕट҃ϸÌڍقۆॢНėśۋ֨ۚʽ঳30қ

܁ʪقԴ֥ڰۻԸ(wetting front)ۋ֮ʪ50 cmقʪɵ ॠČϿěড়սͳۋÇՙॠş֨ۚॠي-3 kPa սܵقԴ

(7)

Fig. 9. Flow of slope stability analysis using DEM.

Fig. 10. Infinite slope for stability analysis (h: ңĨϸقԴ

ݓॠսϸūݓۆȭۋ, H: ңĨϸقԴҙࢢۆशࢹࠗūݓۆ

˃ƍ, 쩀: ԐϸąԐÁ).

ێɳ܁ԜԜࢗÀʽɰ. ۋ঳70қ܁ʪąęॠϸԸ঍ۺ ڷͿ Ͽěড়սͳۋ ÇՙॠϸԴ ңĨÀ ьԦॠČ ەɰ.

ۋ͠ॢąॳڹɰδ֮ʪۆսқۤͳć(tensiometer) (No.

7, 8, 10~16)قԴʪěࠑʼČەɰ. -3 kPa ܁ʪۆÂŕ սؓڹ҆֨ॹ֨Βۆ॥ս࣢ՁčԸقԴۆėşࠞ࣊ؓ

ق३ɾॢɰČॣսەɰ. ėşࠞ࣊ؓսܵūݓϿěড় սͳۋÇՙॠϸࠞ࣊սėśۋݓ՚ʼرʪϿěড়սͳ ڹێ܁ॢÉں҃ۋČۋĵÂقԴəңĨÀьԦॠݓ

؍əɰ.

˰͆ԴʂԜԐϸۆࢹتں޽ࠄॠي֬Ǵ֬ॹںࣀ३

ėşࠞ࣊ؓںࠑ܁३˃Č֬܃ԐϸۆϿěড়սͳѺজ ε֬֨ÂڷͿćࠑ॥ڷͿ׆Ͽěড়սͳۋێ܁ॢÉں

҃ۋəĵÂقԴңĨڦॹںٚݓॣսەɰ. ̚ॢ, Ͽ ěড়սͳۋėşࠞ࣊ؓսܵقʪɵॠيێ܁ॢÉں҃

ۋəĵÂقԴ݌֨ңĨÀьԦॠݓ؍Čێ܁֨Âʴ؋

ڹ؋܁ʪÀڮݓʼдͿңĨڦॹںٚԜॠČۋقʂ

ॢ ʂڿ޾ں Ìĵॣ ս ەں ìڷͿʪ ࣺɳʽɰ.

DEM ۙΒεۋڌॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪٚࠑ ս࠘शČϿʝ(digital elevation model, DEM)ں ۋڌ ॠيӃНۆ৔ζѓॳ, ɀۺ৔ζ͟, ݚսĵًˣںćԓ

ॣսەə؎Čνݏ˞ۋɰսÒьʼرٵڷ϶ۋεۋ ڌॠيʂőϿȤߎġقԴۆѕս֨ԺϿʝτٍĵÀ҃

Čʽ цەɰ(Ըڍߺ ˣ, 2007, ߯څտ ˣ, 2011).

Mizuta and Seo (2001)ڹ֩(1)-(3)ęÏڹݚսϿʝ ںۋڌॠيݓ঍ۆėÂۺқपεъٖॢࠞ࣊սۆս ڦф֨Âąęق˰δѺজεĵॠČۋεşߣͿԐϸ

ңĨ ڦॹʪε थÀॣ ս ەڼں ٕ҃ɰ.

ŁćŞƒ ŞƆâ ćŞƖ

ŞƏ_Ɩ â ćŞƗ

ŞƏ_Ɨ

á Ɛ (4)

Ə_Ɩá Ɔ _¤_¢_Ɩ (5)

Ə_Ɨá Ɔ _¤_¢_Ɨ (6)

يşԴh: ð҃şݓॠսڦ(m), q: ɳڦ֨Âɾɳڦफ قԴۆڮ͟(m²/hr), I: ʴսĵѕ, r: ڮমÌڍ(ݓॠսق

ݔۿşيॠəÌڍ)Ìʪ(m/hr), K: ࣊սćս(m/hr), Ł: ڮমÂŕڱۋɰ.

DEMںۋڌॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪथÀ৔ζںڅأॠ ϸ Fig. 9ٮ Ïɰ.

Mizuta and Seo (2001)əңĨ֮ʪقҼ३ңĨϸۺ ۋȉرţۋقҼ३֮ʪÀϔڍثČңĨϸۋݔԸۺ ۍìۋψڹशࠗңĨ঍ࢗεʂԜڷͿॠٕɰ. ˰͆Դ

ÌڍقۆॢԐϸңĨ३ԵڹFig. 10ęÏڹИॢݔԸ ԐϸںʂԜڷͿ֬֨ॠČÁDEM څՙقԴۆԐϸą Ԑə4Òüۙ۾ۆशČ(Ƙ_Ƈ, i=1~4)εۋڌॠيथϸŖ Ԑॠي ؉͒ٮ Ïۋĵॠٕɰ.

Ƙ á ƀ_Îâ ƀ_ÏƖ â ƀ_ÐƗ (7)

يşԴ z: Á DEM څՙ Ǵۆ शČ, x,y: थϸ ܟश, ƀ_Îì ƀ_Ïìƀ_Ðə߯ՙ֧ۙѪقԴۆ ćսۋɰ.

ۋąڍԐϸңĨ؋ۻڱڹ؉͒֩(8)ęÏۋćԓ ʽɰ.

¬_{á ć}

ƑƇƌķ_ķ

^âƁƍƑ^Ïķ_ō

(8)

á ÞĹ_Ƒſƒà Ĺ_ƕßƆ â Ĺ_ƒÞ¡à Ɔß (9)

á Ĺ_ƑſƒƆ â Ĺ_ƒÞ¡à Ɔß (10)

²á Îî¬ (11)

يşԴ, FS: ؋ۻڱ(factor of safety), C: ݓъ۾޳ͳ

(8)

Fig. 11. Example of rock slope stability map using DEM (Mizuta and Seo, 2001).

(kPa), ō:Ǵҙυ޶Á(°), Ĺ_Ƒſƒ:ݓъۆपজɳڦߕۺܼ͟

(kN/m³), Ĺ_ƒ: ݓъۆ֥ڰɳڦߕۺܼ͟(kN/m³), Ĺ_ƕ:Н ۆ ɳڦߕۺܼ͟(kN/m³), H: ңĨϸقԴ शࢹࠗūݓۆ

˃ƍ(m), h: ңĨϸҙࢢۆݓॠսڦ(m), ķ:ĵѕ, Y: ڦ ॹʪۋɰ. ̚ॢ, Ԑϸ؋܁३Եę܁(֩(8)-(11))قԴۆh ə ֩ (4)-(6)ڷͿҙࢢ ĵॢ Éں ۋڌॠٕɰ.

hۆ ćԓ ę܁قԴۆ ş҆À܁˞ڹ ؉͒ٮ Ïɰ.

1) ڮমÌڍəशࢹࠗںࣀęॠيşъؒقʪɵॠČ

ࠞ࣊սϸں঍Ձॢɰ.

2) ࠞ࣊սڦəDEM څՙܼ֮قԴۆսڦق३ɾॢɰ.

3)श߿ңĨəңĨ֮ʪÀ1 m ܁ʪͿDEM څՙफ

50 mقҼ३߿қ০ۚş˺ЛقʴսĵѕəDEM څՙ Ǵ قԴۆ ĵѕق ३ɾॢɰ.

4) ࣊սćս, ڮমÂŕڱ, ڮমÌڍəϿ˜DEM څՙ

ǴقԴʴێॠɰ.

5) ݚսϿʝͿҙࢢćԓʽݓॠսڦÀशࠗ˃ƍεߣ ęॣąڍݓशսͿ run-offʽɰ.

6) ֨Â t=0قԴۆ ݓॠսڦ h=0 ۋɰ.

Mizuta and Seo(2001)ڹ҆ϿʝںۋڌॠيԐϸң ĨьԦقй࠘əܳڅѺս˞ۆٖॳ܁ʪεڮমÌڍ

r=1.0 mm/hr, Ìڍݓ՚֨Â90֨ÂܓæقԴܓԐॢĀ ę, ۾޳ͳ, Ǵҙυ޶Á, शࢹࠗ˃ƍ, ࣊սćստڷͿ

ٖॳ܁ʪÀࢀìڷͿǣࢍǮɰ. Fig. 11ڹDEMںۋڌ

ॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪٚࠑşѪںێ҆ǣÀԐࢅ֨ݓً

قۺڌॢĀęۋɰ. ŔρقԴêóश֨ʽҙқۋңĨ À ьԦॢ DEM څՙε ǣࢍǶɰ.

Ԑϸ؋܁ՁॳԜںڦॢݓॠսڦ۹ॠėѪ

޽ġۚغۤǴͿۆݓॠսфݓशսڮۓڹۚغম ڱ۹ÇфԐϸңĨڦॹՁݒʂͿۋرݓş˺ЛقԐ ۻقԐϸǴݓॠսڦÌॠεࣀॢۚغঞąÒԸ޾ۋ

Ìĵʼرآॢɰ. Ԑϸ؋܁ՁॳԜںڦॢԐϸǴսؓ

ÌॠѪڷͿə ࡾó ٍۙѕսѪ(natural drainage), սथ ѕսėѪ(horizontal drainage hole), تսėѪ(pumped well), ѕսࢢȇėѪ(drainage tunnel or adit) ˣں˞սەɰ.

Brown (1982)əԐϸࠗۆؓнćս(coefficient of consoli- dation, Ɓ_Ɣá¤î¬_Ƒ) ф ࣊սćս(hydraulic conductivity,

¤á ƅ ƃ^ÐîÎÏƀŃ)ق˰δÁėѪۆۺڌÀɠѩڦεFig. 12 ٮÏۋ܃؋ॠٕɰ(يşԴ, ¬_Ƒə۹Ϊćս, ƅəܼͳÀ

՚ʪ, ƃəۼνÂŕ(aperture), bəۼνÂü(spacing), Ń ə Нۆ ۾Ձʪۋɰ).

ێъۺڷͿٍۙѕսѪقۆॢսڦÌॠəߣşÂŕ սؓĵѕεۋڌॢսʴۺ(passive) ѕսѓѪڷͿҼڌ

ࠑϸقԴڮνॠǣѕսę܁قԴۤ֨Âۋՙڅʼر޽

ġ՚ʪقۤ३څۍڷͿۚڌॠəɳ۾ۋەɰ. սथѕս

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Fig. 12. Methods and applicability of dewatering and depressurisation techniques (Brown, 1982).

(a) Natural drainage (seepage to the slope)

(b) Horizontal drainage method

(c) Vertical pumping wells method

(d) Drainage tunnel method

Fig. 13. Methods of slope depresssurisation (Read and Stacey, 2009).

ėфتսėѪڹۋٮъʂͿܼͳقۆॢݓॠսڮʴ Ձ ݒʂ ф ऒ॒ٮ Ïڹ ѕս֨Ժں ۋڌॢ ɠʴۺ (active) ѕսѓѪڷͿߣş࣊ۙҼəݒÀॠǣѕսমę

ࠑϸقԴঽ؃ڮνॠɰ. ˰͆ԴʂőϿԐϸقԴۆݓ ॠսڦÌॠѓ؋սςںڦ३Դəتս֨ԺԺ࠘εڦॢ

࣊ۙҼٮԐϸĹ޳фڏٖę܁قԴۆڏٖҼεप॥ॢ

ҼڌমęқԵ(Cost-Benefic analysis)ۋ Ըॱʼرآ ॢ ɰ. ێъۺڷͿԐϸۆȭۋÀȭںս΀, ѕսق˰δԐ ϸǴڮমڿͳۆݒʂমęÀࡾČ, ڙটॢٍۙѕսε

۹३ॠə۹࣊սࠗۋܕۦॣąڍۋ͠ॢۍڦۺɠʴۺ

ѕսѓѪۆমęÀࡾóǣࢍǦɰ. ъʂͿ, জÌؒˣں

Ҽ΅ॢąؒࠗԐϸęÏۋѕսق˰δڮমڿͳݒʂ

মęÀйأॠäǣَʂÌڍݓًęÏۋÌڍقۆॢ

ࠞ࣊սÀьࣷقۆॢ՜ԜʂͿʂ͟ڮۓʼəąڍə

ѕսমęÀࡾݓ؍ڹìڷͿ҃Čʽцەɰ(Read and Stacey, 2009).

Fig. 13ڹؘԴՙÒॢʂशۺսؓÌॠėѪ(ٍۙѕս, սथѕսė, تսėѪ, ѕսࢢȇė)ۆ ۺڌԐͻε ǣࢍ

Ƕìۋɰ. Fig. 13(a)əԐϸĹ޳قۆ३঍Ձʼəݓ ॠս˃ĵѕεۋڌॠيԐϸѪϸڷͿۆݓॠսڮ߻ں

ڮʪॠČۋεsumpق۹ۤॢ঳ߌνॠəѓ֩ڷͿԐ ϸ ݓࠗۆ ࣊սՁۋ ࢀ ąڍق ۺ०ॢ ѓѪۋɰ. Fig.

13(b)ə ʂҙқۆ ԐϸقԴ Àۤ ێъۺڷͿ ۺڌʼə

սथѕսėڷͿ֨߸ėݔąڹ100-150 mm, ėǴԙ ۓʼəѕսڌࣷۋ॒ݔąڹ25-50 mmÀܳͿԐڌʽ ɰ. ֨߸ėţۋфѕ࠘Âüڹইۤݓݗĵܓфѕս

Ѐۺقϑóۺۼ০Ժćʼرآॢɰ. ̚ॢ, ێъۺڷͿ

ԐϸॠҙقսथѕսėۋԺ࠘ʾąڍԜҙսथѕսė ۆমęəäۆػəìڷͿϿ঍֬ॹфইۤćࠑںࣀ ३ࣷ؊ʽцەɰ(Rahardjo et al., 2003). ֨߸ėۓĵ

ܳѺقəėѹңĨѓݓεڦॢࡀۋֱ(casing)ںԺ࠘

३آॠ϶, ѕսࣷۋ॒ə֨߸ėѹңĨѓݓࠑϸقԴə

֨߸ėۻߕقԙۓॠəìۋڮνॠɰ. ̚ॢ, ֨߸ė

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Ǵقः࠶εԺ࠘ॣąڍڮ߻սə֨߸ėǴѕսࣷۋ

॒(pipe)ͿχۋʴॠдͿॠҙݓࠗڷͿۆڮۓսε߯

ՙজॣսەəۤ۾ۋەɰ. ۋٽقʪսथѕսėѪڹ

֨ėҼÀԜʂۺڷͿ۹ͶॠČԐϸǴҙۆ࣢܁ݓً

ѕսقڮνॠɰ. ъϸ, Ԑϸ঍Ձ঳ѪϸڷͿҙࢢۆ֨

߸əԐϸĹ޳ۻݓॠսڦÌॠقəۺڌʾսػəɳ

۾ۋەڷ϶, ѪϸܳѺҝपজʂεěࣀ३Դपজʂق

ݕۓ३آॠдͿ֨߸ţۋÀɚرǦɰ. Fig. 13(c)əս ݔѕսėںۋڌॢتսѓ֩ۋɰ. սݔѕսėڹتսЀ ۺۋٽقʪսथѓॳڷͿڦ࠘ॢԴͿɰδ࣊սࠗںۙ

ٍѕսق ۆ३ ٍĀॠə ЀۺڷͿʪ টڌʽɰ. Fig.

13(d)ə ѕսࢢȇėѪڷͿ Ժć߯۹Ԑϸцɱϸ҃ɰ ؉

͒قĹ޳ʼرٍۙѕսεڮʪॠəѓ֩ۋş˺Лقݓ ॠս˃ÀǰڹĖقԴҙࢢԜॳąԐͿĹ޳३آॢɰ.

̚ॢ, ԐϸѪϸܳڦۆমęۺݓॠսڦÌॠεڦ३ѕ սࢢȇͿҙࢢԐϸѪϸѓॳڷͿąԐ֨߸ėںĹ޳ॣ

սەɰ. ѕսࢢȇقԴۆսथওڹąԐ֨߸ėڹ֨߸

ėۻߕÀपজԜࢗقڦ࠘ॠş˺ЛقԐϸѪϸҙŖ قԴҝपজʂεěࣀॠəսथѕսė҃ɰঽ؃মڱۺ ۋ͆ॣսەɰ. ̚ॢۋ˞ѕսࢢȇͿҙࢢۆսथ֨߸

ėڹԐϸĹ޳ق˰δѪϸфۚغϸڦ࠘ۋʴęИě ॠş˺ЛقԐϸڏٖۻę܁ںࣀ३টڌॣսەə

ۤ۾ۋەɰ. Ŕ͠ǣࢢȇĹ޳ę܁قԴəψڹҼڌۋ

ՙڅʼČݓъНՁۋҝ͟ॢąڍĹ޳ę܁قψڹ֨Â

фҼڌۋ څĵʼəɳ۾ۋ ەɰ.

څأфĀ΁

҆҃ČقԴəʂőϿȤߎġԓقԴÌڍقۆॢԐ ϸңĨڦॹʪεٚࠑॣЀۺڷͿইۦÀۤ҃ठۺڷ Ϳۋڌʼəҝपজࠞ࣊३ԵфԐϸ؋܁३ԵقŖäॢ

ڦॹʪٚࠑѪۋٽقÌڍ͟قşߣॢڦॹʪٚࠑ, Ԑ ϸقԴۆćࠑĀęεۋڌॢڦॹʪथÀ, ս࠘शČϿʝ (Digital Elevation Model, DEM)ںۋڌॢڦॹʪٚࠑ

şցںՙÒॠٕɰ. ̚ॢ, ʂőϿȤߎġԓԐϸǴÂŕ սؓۋԐϸ؋܁Ձقй࠘əٖॳں߯ՙজॠşڦॢ

ݓॠսڦÌॠėѪں şցॠٕɰ.

SEEP/W фSLOPE/W(GEO-SLOPE, 2007)εٍćॢ

ҝपজࠞ࣊३ԵфԐϸ؋܁३ԵقۆॢԐϸңĨڦ ॹʪٚࠑşѪڹÌڍقۆॢԐϸңĨÀɠՁथÀق

߯Ŗ҃ठۺڷͿԐڌʼČەəşѪڷͿÌڍфۋق

˰δԐϸǴÂŕսؓѺজūݓČͲʽ֬܃ইۤܓæق

ŖԐॢԐϸ؋܁ՁथÀÀÀɠॢۤ۾ۋەɰ. ˰͆Դ

Ԑϸ؋܁ՁݒʂεЀۺڷͿ҆ЛܼقՙÒॢݓॠս ڦÌॠėѪۆۺڌۻقԐۻêࢹॣսەəڮڌॢ

ѓ؋ڷͿࣺɳʽɰ. Ŕ͠ǣʂőϿȤߎġԓԐϸۆą ڍ, ٍۙԐϸওڹʪͿܳѺۼࠄԐϸęɵνݓ՚ۺ ۍ޽Ĺقۆ३şॠॡۺݓ঍фܳѺսνܓæۋǒے ػۋѺজॠə࣢ݜۋەرۋεČͲॢ३Եںڦ३Դ əφʂॢҼڌф֨Âۋՙڅʼر֬܃ԐϸقԴۆ޽

ġ՚ʪεČͲॢ êࢹÀ ज़څॠɰ.

DEMںۋڌॢԐϸңĨڦॹʪٚࠑşѪڹʂőϿ

ȤߎԐϸۆڦॹݓًںԐۻق߸߻ॠيěνॠČ޽ġ

ۚغݕॱق˰δڦॹʪѺজتԜں֪՚ॠóࣷ؊ॠə ʚڮڌॣìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ. ̚ॢ, Ìڍ͟ěࠑфԐϸ

ǴϿěড়սͳۆ֬֨ÂćࠑĀęεۋڌॢڦॹʪٚࠑ şѪںѿॱ֬֨॥ڷͿ׆؋܁Ձݒʂф؋ۻॢۚغ ঞąĵ߹মęεŕʂজॣսەںìڷͿ҃ۍɰ. ֬܃

ÌڍͿۍ३ьԦʼəԐϸۆࣷĨəݓॠսڦÀ߯ʂ

ڦ࠘ūݓԜ֧ॠşۋۻقԐϸǴثڹŪۋقԴьԦ ʼəąڍÀψڷдͿݓॠսڦԜҙϿěড়սͳۆѺজ تԜںࣀॢशࠗңĨڦॹʪٚࠑşѪڹڮڌॣìڷ Ϳ ࣺɳʽɰ.

Ìڍ֨ݓशս৔ζقۆ३ԐϸѪϸҙقəɰսۆ

ՃĹইԜۋьԦॠ϶ۋəѰ࠘֟ࡀێۆՙőϿңĨф

ԐϸǴҙͿՃĹۋݕۻʼóʽɰ. ˰͆ԴԐϸԜҙۆ

۹սݓওڹԐϸԜҙٮ޽ġܼۤÂڦ࠘قۋ˞ݓश սۆے֨۹սݓεڦ࠘֨ࢅČۋ˞۹սݓٮԐϸѕ঳

ۆѕսࢢȇфѕսėںٍĀॠə֨߸ėں֨ėॠي

ٍۙѕսεڮʪ॥ڷͿ׆ॠҙقԴԜҙͿۆऒय़قՙ څʼəѕսԺҼڏٖҼڌںۼÇॠşڦॢêࢹʪज़څ ॠɰ .

ÇԐۆŘ

҆҃ČəԘ࢏KIDECO Ե࢏ġغՙҙࢢۆսࢎԐ غۍ‘ۍʪȐ֨؉Pasir ġԓԐϸۆ؋܁ՁथÀٍĵ’ۆ

ێঞڷͿ ۚՁʼؽ֥ɦɰ.

޷ČЛॶ

׌࣐ச, ׌׆૽, 2009, “ഠॷण೷࡟ੲ୨ැজਏԳ૴ଭ

ઽේ ඌԧ,” ஺ࢱฅլ, ୪10֫ 1෹, pp. 29-34.

׌୍ก, จઽశ, 2010, “ऄඑฃ஺ࢱ઩ࢄଭಅറ૕แଭ࣡

෴ଲॷ࡟ଭੲ୨ন઩ࢠ౿ۀઽේ,” ෉֝஺ࢱฅլվ෈ฎ

ڍࢂு, ୪11֫ 5෹, pp. 35-43.

ࢽฅ୺, ׌լ࠮, ׌۩ผ, 2010, “෌৤൉নմটଭଲߚ෮ঃଲ

ऄඑฃॷ࡟ଭੲ୨ন઩ࢠ౿ۀઽේ,”෉֝஺֜ਏਆഗվ

෈ฎ஺, ୪47֫ 3෹, pp. 349-358.

ট૴ౡ, ౖ૬০, ࢮ෴ܛ, ୨૳࣫, 2007, “GIS઩ଭ෉۩ָࡦ

ڋవֈ઩ছଭࢼ৤ళࠤࢫॷ࡟ੲ୨ુ౸,”ഉٮր஺෇վ

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׌෴ࡧ

ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ Ըےٍĵڙ (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧49嘳G 缧2埲G 垾畢)

ࢮܑ෮

ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ Ըےٍĵڙ (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧49嘳G 缧2埲G 垾畢)

ট૴ౡ

ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ ޾ےٍĵڙ (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧48嘳G 缧3埲G 垾畢)

ࠑܛ૴

ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ ޾ےٍĵڙ (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧49嘳G 缧2埲G 垾畢)

୨૳࣫

ইۦॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙԸےٍĵڙ (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧48嘳G 缧3埲G 垾畢)

ԩ, ୪17֫ 5෹, pp. 360-371.

਑ࢺ૽, ଲࣲ஻, ଲஂָ, Գஂ࣐, 2003, “ऄඑฃฃԳණฃഠ ଭ෌৤൉ন,” ෉֝஺ࢱฅլվ෈ฎڍࢂு^, ୪4֫1෹, pp. 49-58.

ૈপऊ, ࢂஂ෹, ׌೾լ, ׌ଗ׆, 2008, “ऄඑฃ஺ࢱ൉নઽ

ේ઩۩෉Գ૴ਏॷ࡟ऊ֏ଭॷߢ઴֜,”۩෉ഠࡧ෈ฎ

ڍࢂு, ୪38֫ 3C෹, pp. 167-178.

ଲԳଵ, ୋ૳త, ׌೾ผ, ୨઴଴, 2006, “Գ૴൉নଡճߙ෉

ऄඑฃණฃୂࠑഠॷ࡟ଭੲ୨নැজ,” ෉֝஺ࢱฅլվ

෈ฎڍࢂு, ୪7֫ 2෹, pp. 5-14.

ଲন஼, ଲ෵஺, ଲ਎޹, 2005, “ฃԳණฃഠ઩۩෉෌৤൉ন մট౟୨ࢺ࣑઩۩෉઴֜,” ෉֝஺ࢱվ෈ฎڍࢂு,୪ 21֫ 1෹, pp. 15-27.

ଲ଴ࡦ, ୺૴ন, ׌ઽ૵, নঃָ, 2003, “ණฃഠॷ࡟઩ছԳ

૴ߦ଴෉ԩּ৤੺࣡ฃ઩۩෉ਓ෠઴֜,”෉֝஺ࢱվ෈

ฎ ڍࢂு, ୪19֫ 1෹, pp. 41-49.

ଲ୨હ, ׌਎෮, ౖ஺૳, ֜෹࣭, 2010, “ࢱ࣫Գ૴઩ଭ෉ණ ฃഠ౾ୣഠॷ࡟ಅറ൉ন઩ւ෉઴֜,” ஺ாվ෈, ୪20

֫ 4෹, pp. 409-414.

୺਎ଠ, 2005, “Գ૴ଭಅറࠜճߙ෉ॷ࡟ੲ୨ැজଭ઴֜

ܛේ,” ஺ࢱฅլ, ୪6֫ 3෹, pp. 61-63.

ౖ૬০, ࢮ෴ܛ, ট૴ౡ, ୨૳࣫, 2009, “଴ܑٷਏੰ൞ਏ࠙

জ೶ڋవֈॺଭॷ࡟ऊ֏଍෠ܑඌԧࠜ଍෉൵஺ଲߨ րծ౾ंজୣఙ׆࣑ଭୡ૳,” ෉֝஺֜ਏਆഗվ෈ฎ஺, ୪46֫ 1෹, pp. 45-60.

ౖ૬০, ࢮ෴ܛ, 2011, “۩ָࡦڋవֈॺଭత֠ୡ෇ۚୠ৤

஺ডծࠜ଍෉GIS ࡦ܄ࠫ,”෉֝஺֜ਏਆഗվ෈ฎ஺,୪ 48֫ 2෹, pp. 165-177.

෉೾յ, ׌ก೿, ࢽ਎శ, Գ଴ָ, 2007, “Գ૴ਏഠॷॷ࡟

ଭऄඑฃ൉নଡճߙ෉ԩඇডծ࣑,”෉֝஺ࢱฅլվ

෈ฎ ڍࢂு, ୪8֫ 5෹, pp. 57-65.

จઽశ, ׌୍ก, 2010, “Գ૴ਏऄඑฃഠଭැজࢺ࣑઩ݗ

ࠛॷ࡟ੲ୨ন࣡ฃ,” KGES-KGS Geo-environmental and Slope Stability Conference 2010, Korea, May, pp. 337-343.

Brown, A., 1982, “The influence and control of groundwater in large slope,” Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Stability in surface mining, Chapter 3, pp. 19-39.

Fredlund, D.G. and Xing, A., 1994, “Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 31, pp. 521-532.

GEO-SLOPE, 2007, User's Guide SEEP/W, 4th Edition, International Ltd., Calgary, Ganada, pp. 96-101.

Mizuta, T. and Seo K., 2001, “Prediction of slope failure potential induced by heavy rain using digital elevation model - a case study for Nagasaki city,” J. Japan society for natural disaster science, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 477-491.

Rahardjo, H., Hritzuk, K.J., Leong, E.C. and Rezaur, R.B., 2003, “Effectiveness of horizontal drains for slope stability,”

Engineering Geology, Vol. 69, pp. 295-308.

Read, J. and Stacey, P., 2009, Guidelines for open pit slope design, CSIRO Publishing, Australia.

Sasaki, Y., Moriwaki, T., Kano, S. and Shiraishi, Y., 2001,

“Rainfall index for warning against slope failure disaster,”

Proceeding of 15th ICSMGE, Istanbul, Vol. 2, pp.

1249-1252.

Sullivan, T.D., 2007, “Hydromechanical coupling and pit slope movements,” Slope stability 2007, Perth, Australlia.

刨劐笚埳 罄2004“轡昍魙髞髣闊朂渔椴虪 (坬驵髣闊朂楫«_骖堚塮R'柋汃)” 找惱崢彡懠彡胶簏繱緌簏繱尬塅缧53嘳G 1埲, pp. 53-62

嬫竟懠彡匕2006遥髣樽榗魝愤峅

坬驵抡劃爧刳奿ISBN 4-88644-922-0.