변형 문제 (147문제)
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고1>
18번 ~ 40번 (도표/실용문/장문 제외) 선답형 문제 : 80문제
서술형 문제 : 67문제
Brooki 선생님 GreatAh 선생님 hera9052 선생님 INNoVation 선생님
Mel쌤 선생님 Monicaa 선생님 김니키 선생님 규림재희아빠 선생님
달링 선생님 다이아몬드 선생님 민트향기 조아 선생님 서희쌤 선생님
안녕청아 선생님 올리비아배 선생님 영어 선생님 준현아빠 선생님
장돼지 선생님 좋은날이다 선생님 콩쌤 선생님 파란소 선생님
푸른돌 선생님 꺄르르륵 선생님 쏭쌤 선생님
Diana 선생님 (여수/강철수어학원)
neown 선생님 (경기양평/BOM학원)
Paulk 선생님
(서울목동/메카영어전문학원)
Sarah Jang 선생님 (대전/J English)
김은주 선생님 (대구/김쌤 영어교실)
서원이고모 선생님 (부산영도/과외)
느낌적인느낌느낌 선생님 (인천/Jina English)
내일은 없다공 선생님 (남양주별내/챌린지영어학원)
동깨비 선생님 (부산/봉선생영어교습소)
무한긍정 선생님 (경기김포/GTC영어)
붕붕이12 선생님 (수원영통/엘케이영어)
이상 문제출제를 위해 수고하신 34명의 선생님들께 감사를 드립니다.
검수를 위해 수고하신 아잉카 스텝진 25명의 선생님들께 감사를 드립니다.
기획 편집 esperanto79 선생님(아잉카 아카데미 거제 캠퍼스) 최종 감수 Isaac 선생님
Our English Cafe 변형문제 검수
Our English Cafe 변형문제 편집 및 감수
Our English Cafe 변형문제 제작위원
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고1>
Type A1. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?1)
[201806H1_18목적추론_변형]
The upgrade of the Wellington Waste Water Treatment Facility will begin on Monday, July 30, 2018.
The construction ① will take about 28 months and may lead to increased traffic along Baker Street due to work on and around ② it. Construction vehicles may also use this street to gain access to the main construction site. We sincerely apologize for any inconveniences ③ that may be experienced. We will try ④ to keep them to a minimum. This work is part of our continuous effort to maintain and ⑤ improves the basic systems and services of our city. For any questions, please contact Ronald Brown at 022-807-4725.
2. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 2)
[201806H1_19심경추론_변형]
One night, I opened the door that led to the second floor, noting that the hallway light was off. I thought nothing of it because I knew there was a light switch next to the stairs that I could turn on. What happened next was something that chilled my blood. When I put my foot down on the first step, I felt a movement under the stairs. My eyes were drawn to the darkness beneath them. Once I realized something strange was happening, my heart started beating fast. Suddenly, I saw a hand reach out from between the steps and grab my ankle. I let out a terrifying scream that could be heard all the way down the block, but nobody answered!
① Nobody Was There!
② A Blood-curdling Night
③ The Reason My Heart Beating Fast
④ Happening Before Opening the Door
⑤ Barely Running Away From the Darkness
3. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 3)
[201806H1_20주장추론_변형]
Something comes over most people when they start writing. They write in a language ➀ different from the one they would use if they were talking to a friend. If, however, you want people to read and understand what you write, write it in ➁ spoken language. Written language is more complex, ➂ which makes it more work to read. It’s also more formal and distant, which makes the readers lose attention. You don’t need complex sentences to express ideas. Even when specialists in some complicated field ➃ expressing their ideas, they don’t use sentences any more complex than they do when ➄ talking about what to have for lunch. If you simply manage to write in spoken language, you have a good start as a writer.
4. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?4)
[201806H1_21요지추론_변형]
Too many companies advertise their new products as if their competitors did not exist. They advertise their products in a vacuum and are disappointed when their messages fail to get through. Introducing a new product category is difficult, especially if the new category is not contrasted against the old one.
Consumers do not usually pay attention to what’s new and different unless it’s related to the old. That’s why if you have a truly new product, it’s often better to say what the product is not, rather than what it is. For example, the first automobile was called a “horseless”
carriage, a name which allowed the public to understand the concept against the existing mode of transportation.
① Make Audience Understand Your Message
② The Lower the Price, The Greater the Profit
③ Seize the Attention of Consumer by Creativity
④ Advertisement: The Vehicle of Conveying Information
⑤ Highlight Distinction, If You Want to Attract Attention
5. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?5)
[201806H1_22주제추론_변형]
Human beings are driven by a natural desire to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. From this perspective, people seek relationships with others to fill a fundamental need, and this need underlies many emotions, actions, and decisions throughout life.
Probably, the need to belong is a product of human beings’ evolutionary history as a social species. Human beings have long depended on the cooperation of others for the supply of food, protection from predators, and the acquisition of essential knowledge.
Without the formation and maintenance of social bonds, early human beings probably would not have been able to cope with or adapt to their physical environments. Thus, seeking closeness and meaningful relationships has long been vital for human survival.
① 인간은 물리적인 환경에 따라 바뀐다.
② 인간은 환경에 적응하는 능력이 필요하다.
③ 인간은 다른 사람과 공감하도록 진화했다.
④ 인간의 사회적 능력은 생존에 필수적이다.
⑤ 인간은 생존에 필요한 지식을 얻기 위해 노력해야한다.
6. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?6)
[201806H1_23제목추론_변형]
Mammals tend to be less colorful than other animal groups, but zebras are strikingly dressed in blackandwhite. What purpose do such high contrast patterns serve? The colors’ roles aren’t always
① obvious. The question of what zebras can gain from having stripes has puzzled scientists for more than a century. To try to ② work out this mystery, wildlife biologist Tim Caro spent more than a decade studying zebras in Tanzania. He ③ excluded theory after theory ― stripes don’t keep them cool, stripes don’t ④ convince predators ― before finding an answer. In 2013, he set up fly traps covered in zebra skin and, for comparison, others covered in antelope skin. He saw that flies seemed to ⑤ restrain from landing on the stripes. After more research, he concluded that stripes can literally save zebras from diseasecarrying insects.
* antelope: 영양(羚羊)
7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?7)
[201806H1_25내용일치_변형]
Tomas Luis de Victoria, the greatest Spanish composer of the sixteenth century, was born in Avila and as a boy ① sang in the church choir. When his voice broke, he went to Rome to study and he remained in ② that city for about 20 years, holding appointments at various churches and religious institutions. In Rome, he met Palestrina, a famous Italian composer, and may even ③ be his pupil. In the 1580s, after becoming a priest, he returned to Spain and spent the rest of his life ④ peacefully in Madrid as a composer and organist to members of the royal household. He died in 1611, but his tomb ⑤ has yet to be identified.
8. 'Plastic'에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?8)
[201806H1_28어법추론_변형]
Plastic is extremely slow to degrade and tends to float, which allows it to travel in ocean currents for thousands of miles. Most plastics break down into smaller and smaller pieces when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, forming microplastics. These microplastics are very difficult to measure once they are small enough to pass through the nets typically used to collect them. Their impacts on the marine environment and food webs are still poorly understood. These tiny particles are known to be eaten by various animals and to get into the food chain. Because most of the plastic particles in the ocean are so small, there is no practical way to clean up the ocean. One would have to filter enormous amounts of water to collect a relatively small amount of plastic.
* degrade: 분해되다
① 플라스틱은 매우 느리게 분해되고 있다
② 해류를 따라 아주 먼 거리를 돌아다니고 있다
③ 플라스틱들은 자외선에 노출될 때 미세 플라스틱으로 형성 된다
④ 동물들에게 먹힌 미세플라스틱은 먹이 사슬에도 영향 을 주고 있다
⑤ 엄청난 양의 물을 여과하는 것만이 바다를 청소하는 유일한 방법이다
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고1>
Type A9. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?9)
[201806H1_29어휘추론_변형]
People have higher expectations as their lives get better. However, the higher the expectations, the more
① difficult it is to be satisfied. We can increase the satisfaction we feel in our lives by ② controlling our expectations. Adequate expectations leave room for many experiences to be pleasant surprises. The challenge is to find a way to have ③ proper expectations. One way to do this is by keeping wonderful experiences ④ familiar. No matter what you can afford, save great wine for special occasions. Make an elegantly styled silk blouse a special treat. This may seem like an act of ⑤ denying your desires, but I don’t think it is. On the contrary, it’s a way to make sure that you can continue to experience pleasure.
What’s the point of great wines and great blouses if they don’t make you feel great?
10. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현 으로 가장 적절한 것은?10)
[201806H1_30지칭추론_변형]
“Wanna work together?” a cheerful voice spoke on Amy’s first day at a new school. It was Wilhemina.
Amy was too surprised to do (A) [anything / nothing]
but nod. The big black girl put her notebook down beside Amy’s. After dropping the notebook, she lifted (B) [her / herself] up onto the stool beside Amy. “I’m Wilhemina Smiths, Smiths with an s at both ends,” she said with a friendly smile. “My friends call me Mina.
You’re Amy Tillerman.” Amy nodded and stared. As the only new kid in the school, she was pleased to have a lab partner. But Amy wondered if Mina chose her because she (C) [had felt / felt] sorry for the new kid.
(A) (B) (C)
① anything her felt
② anything her had felt
③ nothing herself had felt
④ nothing her felt
⑤ anything herself had felt
11. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?11)
[201806H1_31빈칸추론_변형]
One outcome of motivation is behavior that takes considerable effort. For example, if you are motivated to buy a good car, you will research vehicles online, look at ads, visit dealerships, and so on. Likewise, if you are motivated to lose weight, you will buy lowfat foods, eat smaller portions, and exercise. Motivation not only drives the final behaviors that bring a goal closer but also creates willingness to expend time and energy on preparatory behaviors. Thus, someone motivated to buy a new smartphone may earn extra money for it, drive through a storm to reach the store, and then wait in line to buy it.
* preparatory: 준비의
① Goal: the Start of Eagerness
② Motivation: the Source of Effort and Willingness
③ Willingness: the Most Important Part of Purchasing
④ Time and Exertion: What is Needed for Good Products
⑤ Losing Weight: Food Is More Important Than Enthusiasm
12. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?12)
[201806H1_32빈칸추론_변형]
Good managers have learned to overcome the initial feelings of anxiety when assigning tasks. They are aware that no two people act in exactly the same way and so do not feel threatened if they see one employee going about a task differently than another.
Instead, they focus on the end result. If a job was successfully done, as long as people are working in a manner acceptable to the organization (for example, as long as salespeople are keeping to the company’s ethical selling policy), then that’s fine. If an acceptable final outcome wasn’t achieved, then such managers respond by discussing it with the employee and analyzing the situation, to find out what training or additional skills that person will need to do the task successfully in the future.
* assign: (일ㆍ책임 등을) 맡기다
① various qualities of manager
② precautions for authorization
③ methods of employee training
④ how to overcome anxiety as a manager
⑤ the importance of acceptable end results
13. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 13)
[201806H1_33빈칸추론_변형]
There is good evidence that in organic development, perception starts with recognizing outstanding structural features. For example, when twoyearold children and chimpanzees had learned that, of two boxes presented to them, the one with a triangle of a particular size and shape always contained attractive food, they had no difficulty applying their training to triangles of very different appearance. The triangles were made smaller or larger or turned upside down. A black triangle on a white background was replaced by a white triangle on a black background, or an outlined triangle by a solid one. These changes seemed not to interfere with recognition. Similar results were obtained with rats. Karl Lashley, a psychologist, has asserted that simple transpositions of this type are universal in all animals including humans.
* transposition: 치환
① Preference about specific structures of organisms
② Common trait of all animals in perceiving structural features
③ Detailed perception of the distinction in colors and sizes in all animals
④ Difference in perceiving structural features in organic development
⑤ Difference in perception about structural characteristics between humans and other animals
14. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?14)
[201806H1_34빈칸추론_변형]
There is a very old story involving a man trying to fix his broken boiler. Despite his best efforts over many months, he can’t do it. Eventually, he gives up and decides to call in an expert. The engineer arrives, gives one gentle tap on the side of the boiler, and it springs to life. The engineer gives a bill to the man, and the man argues that he should pay only a small fee as the job took the engineer only a few moments.
The engineer explains that the man is not paying for the time he took to tap the boiler but rather the years of experience involved in knowing exactly where to tap. Just like the expert engineer tapping the boiler, effective change does not have to be time-consuming.
In fact, it is often simply a question of knowing exactly where to tap.
② Success Comes with a Price
③ You are Never Old to Learn
④ Problem-Solving Requires Many Factors
⑤ Effective Change does not Necessarily Need Much Time
15. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것 은?15)
[201806H1_35순서추론_변형]
Interpersonal messages combine content and relationship dimensions. That is, they refer to the real world, to something external to ① both speaker and listener; at the same time they also refer to the relationship between parties. For example, a supervisor may say to a trainee, “See me after the meeting.” This simple message has a content message that ② tells the trainee to see the supervisor after the meeting. It also contains a relationship message that says something about the connection between the supervisor and the trainee. Even the use of the simple command shows there is a status difference that
③ allows the supervisor to command the trainee. You can appreciate this most clearly if you visualize the same command ④ been made by the trainee to the supervisor. It appears awkward and out of place, because it ⑤ violates the normal relationship between supervisor and trainee.
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고1>
Type A16. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현 으로 가장 적절한 것은?16)
[201806H1_36순서추론_변형]]
The scientific study of the physical characteristics of colors can be traced back to Isaac Newton. One day, he spotted a set of prisms at a big county fair. He took them home and began to experiment with them.
In a darkened room he allowed a thin ray of sunlight (A) [to fall / falling] on a triangular glass prism. As soon as the white ray hit the prism, it separated into the familiar colors of the rainbow. This finding was not new, as humans had observed the rainbow (B) [since / for] the beginning of time. It was only when Newton placed a second prism in the path of the spectrum that he found something new. The composite colors produced a white beam. Thus he concluded (C) [what / that] white light can be produced by combining the spectral colors.
* composite: 합성의
(A) (B) (C)
① to fall for that
② to fall for what
③ to fall since that
④ falling since what
⑤ falling for that
17. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?17)
[201806H1_37문장삽입_변형]
When I was very young, I had a difficulty telling the difference between dinosaurs and dragons. But there is a significant difference between them. Dragons appear in Greek myths, legends about England’s King Arthur, Chinese New Year parades, and in many tales throughout human history. But even if they feature in stories created today, they have always been the products of the human imagination and never existed.
Dinosaurs, however, did once live. They walked the earth for a very long time, even if human beings never saw them. They existed around 200 million years ago, and we know about them because their bones have been preserved as fossils.
① various animals in history
② dragons inspired by dinosaurs
③ difference between dragon and dinosaur
④ reasons dragon became extinct in history
⑤ dragon mythology in both Europe and China
18. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?18)
[201806H1_38문장삽입_변형]
Acoustic concerns in school libraries are much more important and complex today than they were in the past. Years ago, before electronic resources were such a vital part of the library environment, we had only to deal with noise produced by people. Today, the widespread use of computers, printers, and other equipment has added machine noise. People noise has also increased, because group work and instruction are essential parts of the learning process. So, the modern school library is no longer the quiet zone it once was.
Yet libraries must still provide quietness for study and reading, because many of our students want a quiet study environment. Considering this need for library surroundings, it is important to design spaces where unwanted noise can be eliminated or at least kept to a minimum.
* acoustic: 소리의
① The importance of being quiet in libraries
② The increased need and ways for electronic resources
③ How to make school libraries much quieter than they were
④ The reasons that make more noise in the school libraries these days
⑤ People‘s concerns about the noise of school libraries and the need to get rid of it
19. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?19)
[201806H1_39무관한문장_변형]
Of the many forest plants that can cause poisoning, wild mushrooms may be among the most dangerous.
This is because people sometimes confuse the poisonous and edible varieties, or they eat mushrooms without making a positive identification of the variety.
Many people enjoy hunting wild species of mushrooms in the spring season, because they are excellent edible mushrooms and are highly prized. However, some wild mushrooms are dangerous, leading people to lose their lives due to mushroom poisoning. To be safe, a person must be able to identify edible mushrooms before eating any wild one.
① Let’s Enjoy Hunting Wild Plants
② Causing Poisoning : Forest Plants
③ The Most Priceless Plant : Mushrooms
④ Distinguish the Right Mushrooms from Harmful One
⑤ How to Tell the Edible Mushrooms from Poison One
20. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?20)
[201806H1_40요약문추론_변형]
Recent studies point to the importance of warm physical contact for healthy relationships with others.
In one study, participants who briefly held a cup of hot (versus iced) coffee judged a target person as having a “warmer” personality (generous, caring); in another study, participants holding a hot (versus cold) pack were more likely to choose a gift for a friend instead of something for themselves. These findings illustrate that mere contact experiences of physical warmth activate feelings of interpersonal warmth.
Moreover, this temporarily increased activation of interpersonal warmth feelings then influences judgments toward other people in an unintentional manner. Such feelings activated in one context last for a while thereafter and have influence on judgment and behavior in later contexts without the person’s awareness.
① 성격 판단은 신체적 접촉에 기인한다.
② 대인 관계는 따뜻한 신체적 접촉을 통해서 시작된다.
③ 따뜻한 신체 접촉은 의도하지 않은 인간관계를 형성한 다.
④ 건강한 대인 관계는 사람들이 인지하지 못한 상태에서 활성화된다.
⑤ 신체적 접촉은 인간관계의 감정을 활성화하여 판단에 영향을 미친다.
21. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은? 21)
[201806H1_18목적추론_변형]
The upgrade of the Wellington Waste Water Treatment Facility will begin on Monday, July 30, 2018.
The construction will take about 28 months and may lead to ① increased traffic along Baker Street due to work on and around it. Construction vehicles may also use this street to gain ② access to the main construction site. We sincerely apologize for any
③ inconveniences that may be experienced. We will try to keep them to a ④ maximum. This work is part of our continuous effort to maintain and ⑤ improve the basic systems and services of our city. For any questions, please contact Ronald Brown at 022-807-4725.
22. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것 은?22)
[201806H1_19심경추론_변형]
One night, I opened the door that led to the second floor, ① noting that the hallway light was off. I thought nothing of it because I knew there was a light switch next to the stairs on ② which I could turn. What happened next was something that chilled my blood. When I put my foot down on the first step, I felt a movement under the stairs. My eyes were drawn to the darkness beneath ③ it. Once I realized something strange was happening, my heart started beating fast. Suddenly, I saw a hand reach out from between the steps and ④ grab my ankle. I let out a terrifying scream that could ⑤ be heard all the way down the block, but nobody answered!
23. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?23)
[201806H1_20주장추론_변형]
Something comes over most people when they start writing. They don’t write in a language ① different from the one they would use if they were talking to a friend. If, however, you want people to read and understand what you write, write it in spoken language. Written language is more ② complicated, which makes it more work to read. It’s also more formal and distant, which makes the readers ③ disturb attention. You don’t need complex sentences to express ideas. Even when specialists in some ④ intricate field express their ideas, they don’t use sentences any more complex than they do when talking about what to have for lunch. If you simply ⑤ manage to write in spoken language, you have a good start as a writer.
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고1>
Type A24. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?24)
[201806H1_21요지추론_변형]
Too many companies advertise their new products as if their competitors did not exist. They advertise their products in a vacuum and are disappointed when their messages fail to get through. Introducing a new product category is difficult, especially if the new category is not contrasted against the old one.
Consumers do not usually pay attention to what’s new and different unless it’s related to the old. That’s why if you have a truly new product, it’s often better to say what the product is not, rather than what it is. For example, the first automobile was called a “horseless”
carriage, a name which allowed the public to understand the concept against the existing mode of transportation.
① the transition of mode of transportation
② the importance of Visually Conspicuous ad
③ the trend of comparing the qualities of several products
④ the necessity of contrasting old with new for promoting
⑤ the importance of using customer feedback for revenue growth
25. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?25)
[201806H1_22주제추론_변형]
Human beings are driven by a natural desire to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. From this perspective, people seek relationships with others to fill a fundamental need, and this need underlies many emotions, actions, and decisions throughout life.
Probably, the need to belong is a product of human beings’ evolutionary history as a social species. Human beings have long depended on the cooperation of others for the supply of food, protection from predators, and the acquisition of essential knowledge.
Without the formation and maintenance of social bonds, early human beings probably would not have been able to cope with or adapt to their physical environments. Thus, seeking closeness and meaningful relationships has long been vital for human survival.
① Social Relationship Can Not Last Forever
② Evolution: A Valuable Gift from Our Ancestors
③ Stay Who You Are and Go on Your Own Way
④ Physical Strength Is Not the Only Secret to Survival
⑤ Modern Life Style Without Interpersonal Relationship
26. ‘얼룩말’에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?26)
[201806H1_23제목추론_변형]
Mammals tend to be less colorful than other animal groups, but zebras are strikingly dressed in blackandwhite. What purpose do such high contrast patterns serve? The colors’ roles aren’t always obvious.
The question of what zebras can gain from having stripes has puzzled scientists for more than a century.
To try to solve this mystery, wildlife biologist Tim Caro spent more than a decade studying zebras in Tanzania.
He ruled out theory after theory ― stripes don’t keep them cool, stripes don’t confuse predators ― before finding an answer. In 2013, he set up fly traps covered in zebra skin and, for comparison, others covered in antelope skin. He saw that flies seemed to avoid landing on the stripes. After more research, he concluded that stripes can literally save zebras from diseasecarrying insects.
* antelope: 영양(羚羊)
① 포유류는 다른 동물군에 비해 색이 화려하지 않다.
② 얼룩말은 포유류에서 일반적으로 보이는 색의 특징과 는 다른 경향이 있다.
③ 1세기 이상 과학자들은 얼룩말의 줄무늬의 이유를 알 기 위해 고민했다.
④ 줄무늬는 체온조절과, 포식자들로부터 보호하는 위장 색과 관련이 없었다.
⑤ 파리 덫의 실험으로 Tim은 줄무늬의 역할이 질병을 옮기는 곤충으로부터 보호한다는 사실을 알아내었다.
27. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것 은?27)
[201806H1_25내용일치_변형]
Tomas Luis de Victoria, the greatest Spanish composer of the sixteenth century, was born in Avila and as a boy ① sang in the church choir. When his voice broke, he went to Rome to study and he remained in that city for about 20 years, ② holding appointments at various churches and religious institutions. In Rome, he met Palestrina, a famous Italian composer, and ③ should even have been his pupil. In the 1580s, after becoming a priest, he returned to Spain and spent the rest of his life peacefully in Madrid ④ as a composer and organist to members of the royal household. He died in 1611, but his tomb has yet ⑤ to be identified.
28. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?28)
[201806H1_28어법추론_변형]
Plastic is extremely slow to degrade and tends to float, which allows it to travel in ocean currents for thousands of miles. Most plastics break down into smaller and smaller pieces when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, forming microplastics. These microplastics are very difficult to measure once they are small enough to pass through the nets typically used to collect them. Their impacts on the marine environment and food webs are still poorly understood. These tiny particles are known to be eaten by various animals and to get into the food chain. Because most of the plastic particles in the ocean are so small, there is no practical way to clean up the ocean. One would have to filter enormous amounts of water to collect a relatively small amount of plastic.
* degrade: 분해되다
① The Difficulty Lying in Cleaning Up the Ocean.
② The Process of Turning Plastics into Microplastics.
③ The Pros and Cons of Microplastics on Marine Life.
④ How Can Microplastics Be Broken Down into Particles?
⑤ The Effect of Plastics on Marine Environment and Creatures.
29. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?29)
[201806H1_29어휘추론_변형]
People have higher expectations as their lives get better. However, the higher the expectations, the more difficult it is to be satisfied. We can increase the satisfaction we feel in our lives by controlling our expectations. Adequate expectations leave room for many experiences to be pleasant surprises. The challenge is to find a way to have proper expectations.
One way to do this is by keeping wonderful experiences rare. No matter what you can afford, save great wine for special occasions. Make an elegantly styled silk blouse a special treat. This may seem like an act of denying your desires, but I don’t think it is.
On the contrary, it’s a way to make sure that you can continue to experience pleasure. What’s the point of great wines and great blouses if they don’t make you feel great?
① the beauty of a silk blouse
② the way to improve satisfaction
③ the effect of drinking great wines
④ the benefit of pleasant experiences
⑤ the importance of experiencing pleasure
30. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것 은?30)
[201806H1_30지칭추론_변형]
“Wanna work together?” a cheerful voice ① spoke on Amy’s first day at a new school. It was Wilhemina.
Amy was too surprised ② to do anything but nod.
The big black girl put her notebook down beside Amy’s. After ③ dropped the notebook, she lifted herself up onto the stool beside Amy. “I’m Wilhemina Smiths, Smiths with an s at both ends,” she said with a friendly smile. “My friends call me Mina. You’re Amy Tillerman.” Amy nodded and stared. As the only new kid in the school, she was ④ pleased to have a lab partner. But Amy wondered if Mina chose her
⑤ because she had felt sorry for the new kid.
31. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?31)
[201806H1_31빈칸추론_변형]
One outcome of motivation is behavior that takes considerable effort. For example, if you are motivated to buy a good car, you will research vehicles online, look at ads, visit dealerships, and so on. Likewise, if you are motivated to lose weight, you will buy lowfat foods, eat smaller portions, and exercise. Motivation not only drives the final behaviors that bring a goal closer but also creates willingness to expend time and energy on preparatory behaviors. Thus, someone motivated to buy a new smartphone may earn extra money for it, drive through a storm to reach the store, and then wait in line to buy it.
* preparatory: 준비의
① 좋은 차를 사려는 동기가 있으면 온라인으로 검색하 고, 광고를 보며, 자동차 대리점들을 방문해야 한다.
② 몸무게를 줄이려는 동기가 있으면 저지방 식품을 사 고, 더 적은 1인분의 양을 먹으며, 운동을 해야 한다.
③ 새 스마트폰을 사려는 동기가 있으면 추가적인 돈을 벌고, 폭풍 속을 운전하며, 줄을 서서 기다려야 한다.
④ 동기 부여는 최종 행동을 이끌어 내지만, 준비 행동에 시간과 에너지를 쓸 의지를 약하게 만들기도 한다.
⑤ 어떤 것에 대한 동기가 있으면 그 목표를 이루기 위해 상당한 노력을 필요로 하는 행동을 하게 된다.
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고1>
Type A32. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?32)
[201806H1_32빈칸추론_변형]
Good managers have learned to overcome the initial feelings of anxiety when assigning tasks. They are aware that no two people act in exactly the same way and so do not feel threatened if they see one employee going about a task differently than another.
Instead, they focus on the end result. If a job was successfully done, as long as people are working in a manner acceptable to the organization (for example, as long as salespeople are keeping to the company’s ethical selling policy), then that’s fine. If an acceptable final outcome wasn’t achieved, then such managers respond by discussing it with the employee and analyzing the situation, to find out what training or additional skills that person will need to do the task successfully in the future.
* assign: (일ㆍ책임 등을) 맡기다
① The Process: What You Have to Focus
② Great Employee‘s Feature: Do as Others Do
③ Good Manager’s Choice: the First or the Last
④ Good manager vs Bad Manager: Assigning Fairly or Not
⑤ Changing the Manager Regularly: Great Benefit for the Company
33. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?33)
[201806H1_33빈칸추론_변형]
There is good evidence that in organic development, perception starts with recognizing outstanding structural features. For example, when twoyearold children and chimpanzees had learned that, of two boxes presented to them, the one with a triangle of a particular size and shape always contained attractive food, they had no difficulty applying their training to triangles of very different appearance. The triangles were made smaller or larger or turned upside down. A black triangle on a white background was replaced by a white triangle on a black background, or an outlined triangle by a solid one. These changes seemed not to interfere with recognition. Similar results were obtained with rats. Karl Lashley, a psychologist, has asserted that simple transpositions of this type are universal in all animals including humans.
* transposition: 치환
① 유기적 발달은 지각의 구조적 일관성 유지에 최소화되 어야 한다.
② 지각은 눈에 띄는 형태변화의 특성파악과 밀접한 연관 이 있다.
③ 인간을 비롯한 모든 동물들은 단순한 치환 단계에 따 른 학문적 연구가 필요하다.
④ 어린이와 침팬지의 실험연구에서 구조적 특징은 훈련 에 따라 달라진다.
⑤ 단순히 크기나 색깔을 바꾸는 것은 피실험자에 맞추어 이루어져야 한다.
34. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것 은?34)
[201806H1_34빈칸추론_변형]
There is a very old story involving a man trying to fix his broken boiler. ① Though his best efforts over many months, he can’t do it. Eventually, he gives up and decides to call in an expert. The engineer arrives, gives one gentle tap on the side of the boiler, and it springs to life. The engineer gives a bill to the man, and the man argues ② that he should pay only a small fee as the job took the engineer ③ only a few moments. The engineer explains that the man is not paying for the time he took to tap the boiler but rather the years of experience ④ involved in knowing exactly where to tap. Just like the expert engineer tapping the boiler, ⑤ effective change does not have to be timeconsuming. In fact, it is often simply a question of knowing exactly where to tap.
35. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?35)
[201806H1_35순서추론_변형]
Interpersonal messages ① combine content and relationship dimensions. That is, they refer to the real world, to something external to both speaker and listener; at the same time they also refer to the
② relationship between parties. For example, a supervisor may say to a trainee, “See me after the meeting.” This simple message has a ③ content message that tells the trainee to see the supervisor after the meeting. It also contains a relationship message that says something about the connection between the supervisor and the trainee. Even the use of the simple command shows there is a status
④ difference that allows the supervisor to command the trainee. You can appreciate this most clearly if you visualize the same command being made by the trainee to the supervisor. It appears awkward and out of place, because it ⑤ highlights the normal relationship between supervisor and trainee.
36. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?36)
[201806H1_36순서추론_변형]
The scientific study of the physical characteristics of colors can be traced back to Isaac Newton. One day, he spotted a set of prisms at a big county fair. He took them home and began to experiment with them.
In a darkened room he allowed a thin ray of sunlight to fall on a triangular glass prism. As soon as the white ray hit the prism, it separated into the familiar colors of the rainbow. This finding was not new, as humans had observed the rainbow since the beginning of time. It was only when Newton placed a second prism in the path of the spectrum that he found something new. The composite colors produced a white beam. Thus he concluded that white light can be produced by combining the spectral colors.
* composite: 합성의
① How White Light Is Created
② Study Of Light Using Spectrum
③ Newton's Discovery Of Color Mixing
④ How to Make the Rainbow Artificially
⑤ Scientific Study Using Color Physical Properties
37. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?37)
[201806H1_37문장삽입_변형]
When I was very young, I had a difficulty telling the difference between dinosaurs and dragons. But there is a significant difference between them. Dragons appear in Greek myths, legends about England’s King Arthur, Chinese New Year parades, and in many tales throughout human history. But even if they feature in stories created today, they have always been the products of the human imagination and never existed.
Dinosaurs, however, did once live. They walked the earth for a very long time, even if human beings never saw them. They existed around 200 million years ago, and we know about them because their bones have been preserved as fossils.
① Dinosaurs and Dragons: Children's Old Friends
② How We Get to Know That Dinosaurs Did Actually Live
③ The Difference of Dragons in Human History in Each Country
④ The Difficulty When Asked to Distinguish Dinosaurs from Dragons
⑤ What Is the Difference Between a Dinosaur and a Dragon
38. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 이 적절하지 않은 것은?38)
[201806H1_38문장삽입_변형]
Acoustic concerns in school libraries are much more important and ① simple today than they were in the past. Years ago, before electronic resources were such a ② vital part of the library environment, we had only to deal with noise produced by people. Today, the
③ widespread use of computers, printers, and other equipment has added machine noise. People noise has also ④ increased, because group work and instruction are essential parts of the learning process. So, the modern school library is no longer the quiet zone it once was. Yet libraries must still provide quietness for study and reading, because many of our students want a quiet study environment. Considering this need for library surroundings, it is important to design spaces where unwanted noise can be ⑤ eliminated or at least kept to a minimum.
*acoustic: 소리의
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고1>
Type A39. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?39)
[201806H1_39무관한문장_변형]
Of the many forest plants that can cause poisoning, wild mushrooms may be among the most dangerous.
This is because people sometimes confuse the poisonous and edible varieties, or they eat mushrooms without making a positive identification of the variety.
Many people enjoy hunting wild species of mushrooms in the spring season, because they are excellent edible mushrooms and are highly prized. However, some wild mushrooms are dangerous, leading people to lose their lives due to mushroom poisoning. To be safe, a person must be able to identify edible mushrooms before eating any wild one.
* edible: 먹을 수 있는
① 중독성이 강한 버섯일수록 귀하게 여겨진다.
② 야생 버섯은 산림식물 중 가장 귀한 식물이다.
③ 사람들은 건강을 위해 야생 버섯을 즐겨야 한다.
④ 안전한 버섯을 먹기 위해서는 야생 버섯을 피해야한다.
⑤ 사람들은 버섯을 먹기 전에 식용 버섯인지 식별할 수 있어야 한다.
40. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?40)
[201806H1_40요약문추론_변형]
Recent studies point to the importance of warm physical contact for healthy relationships with others.
In one study, participants who briefly held a cup of hot (versus iced) coffee judged a target person as having a “warmer” personality (generous, caring); in another study, participants holding a hot (versus cold) pack were more likely to choose a gift for a friend instead of something for themselves. These findings illustrate that mere contact experiences of physical warmth activate feelings of interpersonal warmth.
Moreover, this temporarily increased activation of interpersonal warmth feelings then influences judgments toward other people in an unintentional manner. Such feelings activated in one context last for a while thereafter and have influence on judgment and behavior in later contexts without the person’s awareness.
① Do Not Meet a Person Holding a Cool Thing
② Hold a Hot Pack, and You Will Buy a Good Gift
③ Interpersonal Relationships Begin with Positive Mind
④ Experiencing Physical Warmth Activates Interpersonal Warmth
⑤ Our Relationships Can Have a Physical Impact As Well As an Emotional One
41. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.41)
[201806H1_18목적추론_변형]
We sincerely apologize for any inconveniences that may be experienced.
The upgrade of the Wellington Waste Water Treatment Facility will begin on Monday, July 30, 2018.
( ① ) The construction will take about 28 months and may lead to increased traffic along Baker Street due to work on and around it. ( ② ) Construction vehicles may also use this street to gain access to the main construction site. ( ③ ) We will try to keep them to a minimum. ( ④ ) This work is part of our continuous effort to maintain and improve the basic systems and services of our city. ( ⑤ ) For any questions, please contact Ronald Brown at 022-807-4725.
42. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? 42)
[201806H1_19심경추론_변형]
One night, I opened the door that led to the second floor, noting that the hallway light was off. ① I thought nothing of it because I knew there was a light switch next to the stairs that I could turn on.
What happened next was something that chilled my blood. ② When I put my foot down on the first step, I felt a movement under the stairs. ③ My eyes were drawn to the darkness beneath them. Once I realized something strange was happening, my heart started beating fast. ④ At that moment I remembered why my grandfather had a heart attack. Suddenly, I saw a hand reach out from between the steps and grab my ankle. ⑤ I let out a terrifying scream that could be heard all the way down the block, but nobody answered!
43. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 한 것을 고르시오. 43)
[201806H1_20주장추론_변형]
Something comes over most people when they start writing.
(A) Written language is more complex, which makes it more work to read. It’s also more formal and distant, which makes the readers lose attention.
You don’t need complex sentences to express ideas.
(B) Even when specialists in some complicated field express their ideas, they don’t use sentences any more complex than they do when talking about what to have for lunch. If you simply manage to write in spoken language, you have a good start as a writer.
(C) They write in a language different from the one they would use if they were talking to a friend. If, however, you want people to read and understand what you write, write it in spoken language.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
44. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오.44)
[201806H1_21요지추론_변형]
Too many companies advertise their new products as if their competitors did not exist. They advertise their products in a vacuum and are disappointed when their messages fail to get through. Introducing a new product category is difficult, especially if the new category is not contrasted against the old one.
Consumers do not usually pay attention to what’s new and different unless it’s related to the old. That’s why if you have a truly new product, it’s often better to say what the product is not, rather than what it is. For example, the first automobile was called a “horseless”
carriage, a name which allowed the public .
① to accept the transportation concepts
② to emphasize advantages of their products
③ to actually advertise longer than their expectation
④ to be more creative about their concept of transportation
⑤ to understand the concept against the existing mode of transportation
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고1>
Type B45. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오.45)
[201806H1_22주제추론_변형]
Human beings are driven by a natural desire to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. From this perspective, people seek relationships with others to fill a fundamental need, and this need underlies many emotions, actions, and decisions throughout life.
Probably, the need to belong is a product of human beings’ evolutionary history as a social species. Human beings have long depended on the cooperation of others for the supply of food, protection from predators, and the acquisition of essential knowledge.
without the formation and maintenance of , early human beings probably
would not have been able to cope with or adapt to their physical environments. Thus, seeking closeness and meaningful relationships has long been vital for human survival.
① social ties
② empathy ability
③ critical thinking
④ muscular strength
⑤ strong adaptability
46. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것 은?46)
[201806H1_23제목추론_변형]
Mammals tend to be less colorful than other animal groups, but zebras are strikingly dressed in blackandwhite. What purpose do such high contrast patterns serve? The colors’ roles aren’t always obvious.
The question of what zebras can gain from having stripes has puzzled scientists for more than a century.
To try to solve this mystery, wildlife biologist Tim Caro spent more than a decade studying zebras in Tanzania.
He ruled out theory after theory ― stripes don’t keep them cool, stripes don’t confuse predators ― before finding an answer. In 2013, he set up fly traps covered in zebra skin and, for comparison, others covered in antelope skin. He saw that flies seemed to avoid landing on the stripes. After more research, he concluded that stripes can literally save zebras from diseasecarrying insects.
The stripes of zebras perform a role to (A)ban flies from sitting on the zebras, and it is concluded for stripes to be able to (B) the zebras from infection-carrying insects.
(A) (B)
① ban guard
② ban conceive
③ attract conceive
④ attract contaminate
⑤ boast guard
47. Tomas Luis de Victoria에 관한 다음 글의 내용 과 일치하지 않는 것은?47)
[201806H1_25내용일치_변형]
Tomas Luis de Victoria, the greatest Spanish composer of the sixteenth century, was born in Avila and as a boy sang in the church choir. When his voice broke, he went to Rome to study and he remained in that city for about 20 years, holding appointments at various churches and religious institutions. In Rome, he met Palestrina, a famous Italian composer, and may even have been his pupil.
In the 1580s, after becoming a priest, he returned to Spain and spent the rest of his life peacefully in Madrid as a composer and organist to members of the royal household. He died in 1611, but his tomb has yet to be identified.
① 16세기의 위대한 작곡가였다.
② 로마에서 종교적인 직책을 맡았다.
③ 작곡가 Palestrina의 제자였을지도 모른다.
④ 사제가 되기 위해 스페인으로 돌아왔다.
⑤ 스페인에서 평화롭게 여생을 보냈다.
48. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?48)
[201806H1_28어법추론_변형]
Plastic is extremely slow to degrade and tends to float, which allows it to travel in ocean currents for thousands of miles. ① Most plastics break down into smaller and smaller pieces when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, forming microplastics. ② These microplastics are very difficult to measure once they are small enough to pass through the nets typically used to collect them. ③ Nets made of non-plastic materials are introduced to carry out a lot of cleaning ocean. ④ Their impacts on the marine environment and food webs are still poorly understood. These tiny particles are known to be eaten by various animals and to get into the food chain. ⑤ Because most of the plastic particles in the ocean are so small, there is no practical way to clean up the ocean. One would have to filter enormous amounts of water to collect a relatively small amount of plastic.
* degrade: 분해되다
49. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적 절한 것은?49)
[201806H1_29어휘추론_변형]
People have higher expectations as their lives get better. (A) , the higher the expectations, the more difficult it is to be satisfied. We can increase the satisfaction we feel in our lives by controlling our expectations. Adequate expectations leave room for many experiences to be pleasant surprises. The challenge is to find a way to have proper expectations.
One way to do this is by keeping wonderful experiences rare. No matter what you can afford, save great wine for special occasions. Make an elegantly styled silk blouse a special treat. This may seem like an act of denying your desires, but I don’t think it is.
(B) , it’s a way to make sure that you can continue to experience pleasure. What’s the point of great wines and great blouses if they don’t make you feel great?
(A) (B)
① Moreover In addition
② However On the contrary
③ Thus Nevertheless
④ For example As a result
⑤ Similarly Therefore
50. 다음 글에 드러난 'Amy'의 심경변화로 가장 적절 한 것은?50)
[201806H1_30지칭추론_변형]
“Wanna work together?” a cheerful voice spoke on Amy’s first day at a new school. It was Wilhemina.
Amy was too surprised to do anything but nod. The big black girl put her notebook down beside Amy’s.
After dropping the notebook, she lifted herself up onto the stool beside Amy. “I’m Wilhemina Smiths, Smiths with an s at both ends,” she said with a friendly smile. “My friends call me Mina. You’re Amy Tillerman.” Amy nodded and stared. As the only new kid in the school, she was pleased to have a lab partner. But Amy wondered if Mina chose her because she had felt sorry for the new kid.
① lonely → surprised
② stressful → grateful
③ delighted → scared
④ nervous → pleased
⑤ furious → ashamed
51. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?51)
[201806H1_31빈칸추론_변형]
One outcome of motivation is behavior that takes considerable effort. ① For example, if you are motivated to buy a good car, you will research vehicles online, look at ads, visit dealerships, and so on. ② Likewise, if you are motivated to lose weight, you will buy lowfat foods, eat smaller portions, and exercise. ③ Above all, you must keep in mind that the exercise is the best way to lose weight. ④ Motivation not only drives the final behaviors that bring a goal closer but also creates willingness to expend time and energy on preparatory behaviors. ⑤ Thus, someone motivated to buy a new smartphone may earn extra money for it, drive through a storm to reach the store, and then wait in line to buy it.
* preparatory: 준비의
2018년 6월 모의고사 <고1>
Type B52. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적 절한 것은?52)
[201806H1_32빈칸추론_변형]
Good managers have learned to overcome the initial feelings of anxiety when assigning tasks. They are aware that no two people act in exactly the same way and so do not feel threatened if they see one employee going about a task differently than another.
(A) , they focus on the end result. If a job was successfully done, as long as people are working in a manner acceptable to the organization (B) , as long as salespeople are keeping to the company’s ethical selling policy), then that’s fine. If an acceptable final outcome wasn’t achieved, then such managers respond by discussing it with the employee and analyzing the situation, to find out what training or additional skills that person will need to do the task successfully in the future.
* assign: (일ㆍ책임 등을) 맡기다
(A) (B)
① Rather in other words
② Instead in other words
③ Instead for example
④ In fact for example
⑤ In fact similarly
53. 다음 글에서 전체 문맥상 어색한 문장은? 53)
[201806H1_33빈칸추론_변형]
There is good evidence that in organic development, perception starts with recognizing outstanding structural features. For example, when twoyearold children and chimpanzees had learned that, of two boxes presented to them, the one with a triangle of a particular size and shape always contained attractive food, they had no difficulty applying their training to triangles of very different appearance. ① The triangles were made smaller or larger or turned upside down.
② A black triangle on a white background was replaced by a white triangle on a black background, or an outlined triangle by a solid one. ③ These changes seemed not to interfere with recognition. ④ Similar results were obtained with rats. ⑤ Karl Lashley, a psychologist, has asserted that complicated transpositions of this type are universal in all animals including humans.
* transposition: 치환
54. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 한 것을 고르시오.54)
[201806H1_34빈칸추론_변형]
There is a very old story involving a man trying to fix his broken boiler. Despite his best efforts over many months, he can’t do it.
(A) The engineer explains that the man is not paying for the time he took to tap the boiler but rather the years of experience involved in knowing exactly where to tap.
(B) The engineer gives a bill to the man, and the man argues that he should pay only a small fee as the job took the engineer only a few moments.
(C) Eventually, he gives up and decides to call in an expert. The engineer arrives, gives one gentle tap on the side of the boiler, and it springs to life.
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
55. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 시오.55)
[201806H1_35순서추론_변형]
Interpersonal messages combine content and relationship dimensions. That is, they refer to the real world, to something external to both speaker and listener; at the same time they also refer to the relationship between parties. For example, a supervisor may say to a trainee, “See me after the meeting.” This simple message has a content message that tells the trainee to see the supervisor after the meeting. It also contains a relationship message that says something about the connection between the supervisor and the trainee. Even the use of the simple command shows there is a(n) s that allows the supervisor to command the trainee. You can appreciate this most clearly if you visualize the same command being made by the trainee to the supervisor. It appears awkward and out of place, because it violates the normal relationship between supervisor and trainee.
① normal link
② unusual situation
③ status difference
④ basic relationship
⑤ abnormal relationship
