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Assessment of the Bacteriological Safety of Seawater and Oysters Crassostrea gigas in Yongnam-Gwangdo Area, Korea 2014-2016

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한수지 51(5), 535-541, 2018 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 51(5),535-541,2018

Original Article

서 론

패류는연안해역에서식하므로육상으로부터유입되는여러 오염물질에쉽게영향을받을있다. 또한패류는이동성이 없고, 여과섭이활동을통해먹이를섭취하므로해수중에 재하는세균, 바이러스병원성미생물을체내에축적하게 , 이러한오염된패류섭취로인해식중독사고가빈번하게 고되고있다(Grimes, 1991; Feldhusen, 2000; Shin et al.,2014).

패류의식품위생안전확보를위해서는패류가생산되는해역 위생관리가대단히중요하며, 미국, EU 등에서는연안패류

분하여관리하고있다. 유럽연합에서는패류중의대장균(Esh- erichia coli)수에따라 A, B, C 해역으로구분된다(European Commission, 2004; FDA, 2018).

우리나라에서도패류를외국에수출하기위하여패류가많이 생산되는연안해역에대하여위생조사를실시한위생기준에 부합하는수역을수출용패류생산지정해역으로설정하여관리 하고있다(Kwon et al., 2007; Ha et al., 2009; Park et al., 2010).

우리나라는최근 5년간패류를평균 41만톤생산하고있으 , (Crassostrea gigas)평균 29(패류생산량 70 %)차지하고있다(MOF, 2018a). 용남·광도해역은

2014-2016년 경남 용남·광도해역 해수 및 굴(Crassostrea gigas)의 세균학적 위생평가

윤현진·권지영·이가정·권순재·목종수1·김풍호2·정연중*

국립수산과학원 남동해수산연구소, 1국립수산과학원 식품위생가공과, 2국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소

Assessment of the Bacteriological Safety of Seawater and Oysters Crassostrea gigas in Yongnam-Gwangdo Area, Korea 2014-2016

Hyun Jin Yoon, Ji Young Kwon, Ka Jeong Lee, Soon Jae Kwon , Jong Soo Mok1, Poong Ho Kim2 and Yeoun Joong Jung*

Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Korea

1Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 40683, Korea

2West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon 22383, Korea

This study evaluated the sanitary state of seawater and shellfish in Yongnam-Gwangdo area from January 2014 to December 2016. The sampling stations for sanitary survey in Yongnam-Gwangdo area were composed of 41 seawater stations and 5 oyster Crassostrea gigas stations. The samples were collected monthly at each station. Shellfish-borne disease is associated with bacteria and viruses in the presence of fecal coliforms. Bacteriological pollution levels of shellfish increase with seawater quality. Therefore, fecal coliforms are very important criteria for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. The geometric mean and the estimated 90th percentile ranges of total and fecal coliforms for seawater were 1.8-11.7, 2.8-233.6, <1.8-6.7 and 1.8-100.2 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The range of E. coli levels for oysters was <20-1,300 MPN/100 g. Based on various standards, the sanitary condition in Yongnam- Gwangdo area was evaluated as follows: clean area (Korean criteria), conditionally approved area (US criteria) and class B (EU criteria).

Key words: Yongnam-Gwangdo area, Oyster, Total coliform, Fecal coliform, E. coli

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윤현진권지영이가정권순재목종수김풍호정연중 536

업권은 49( 55 %)으로대부분을차지하고있다(Shin et al., 2012). 그러나해역은신도시개발로인한다세대주택, 아파 상가와인접해있으며, 대형조선소안정산업단지가 근에위치하고있어수산물의위생안전성에영향을미칠 다고판단된다. 따라서연구에서는우리나라의생산량이 많은용남·광도해역에대하여해수패류의세균학적분석결 과를근거로위생상태를평가함으로써해역의위생안전성 확보를위한기초자료를제공하고자하였다.

재료 및 방법

조사지점 및 시료채취

용남·광도해역의위생조사를위하여배수유역의오염원, 유동상태, 지형적여건등을고려하여 41개의해수채취지점 5개소의패류채취지점을설정하고 2014 1월부터 2016 12월까지매월 1회씩 36회에걸쳐해수패류시료를 채취하였다(Fig. 1). 해수는표층채수기를사용하여수면에서

10 cm 깊이의표층수를채취하였으며, 패류는수하식양식

장에설정된채취지점에서 1수하연의, , 하층 1 착기를채취하였다. 또한해수패류는각각멸균된 250 mL 유리병 Whirl-pak (Nasco International Inc., USA)보관

하여저온상태로실험실까지운반하였으며, 샘플링당일실험 사용하였다.

실험방법

해수의 수온 염분은 현장용 수질분석기(YSI, Yellow Springs, OH, USA)사용하여측정하였고, 해역의위생상태 해수패류의위생지표세균(대장균군, 분변계대장균 E.

coli)분석하여평가하였고분석결과는 100 mL또는 100 g최확수(most probable number, MPN)표시하였다. 위생 지표세균, 대장균군은장내세균과에속하는균으로사람, 물의장내자연계에도널리분포하는균이며, 분변계대장균 분변에존재하며·간접적인분변오염의가능성을나타낸 . 그리고 E. coli이러한분변오염을더욱확실하게나타내 지표세균으로의의미를가진다.

해수시료의대장균군 분변계대장균분석은 Laboratory procedures for the examination of sea water and shellfish (APHA, 1985)준하여단계적으로희석한시료를 5 험관법으로측정하였고, 추정시험으로는 lauryl tryptose broth (LTB; Difco, Detroti, MI, USA) 배지를, 확정시험으로대장균 군은 brilliant green bile lactose broth (BGB; Difco, Detroti, MI, USA), 분변계대장균은 EC broth (EC; Difco, Detroti, MI, USA) 배지를각각사용하였다(APHA, 1985). 시료의E.

coli 분석은최초시료를 10희석하여분석하는 most prob- able number technique using 5-bromo-4chloro-3-indolyl-β-D- glucuronide준하여실시하였다(ISO, 2015).

해수 위생상태 평가

해수의위생상태는우리나라의정착성수산동식물생산해역

등급설정기준(MOF, 2018b)미국의패류양식장에대한

세균학적수질기준(FDA, 2018)준하여평가하였다. 패류 산해역의위생조사는오염원과비점오염원의영향을고려 하여 systematic random sampling 방식으로수행되며대장균 분변계대장균의결과는단위용적세균수를통계적 으로산출한추정값인 MPN으로나타낸다. 수질기준은 MPN 값에내재된가변성과패류생산해역의수질에영향을미치는 다양한간헐적환경조건에서야기될있는가변성을반영하

, 일부높은 MPN 값에의해결과가왜곡되지않도록대장균

분변계대장균의기하학적평균(Geometric mean, GM) 계산된백분위의 90번째(Estimated 90th percentile, 90th percentile)으로평가하였으며, 계산방법은다음과같다(FDA, 2018).

Est. 90th=Antilog [(Slog)1.28+Xlog]

Slog=자료그룹에서의각각의 MPN대수값의표준편차

Xlog=자료그룹에서의각각의 MPN대수값의평균

Fig. 1. Sampling stations of seawater (●) and oyster Crassostrea gigas (□) in the Yongnam-Gwangdo area.

Goseong-gun

Tongyeong City Geoje City

Donghae-myeon

Gwangdo-myeon

Sadeung-myeon

Gajo Island

128 23’E

128 23’E

128 27’E

128 27’E 128 32’E

34 59’N34 56’N34 53’N

22 44

99 1111

11

88 1122 1144 1177

1155 1188 2222

1100 2211 2200 1199

5577

2299 2288

2277 2266

3333 2244

4433

4444 4455

5533 4466 4488

4499

5544 3311

5555 3355 3399 3366 3388 3377

4422 4411

3322

O-5

O-4

O-3 O-2

O-1

Sampling stations of seawater Sampling stations of shellfish

0 10 20 30

0 1 2

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Fecal Coliform (Log MPN/100 mL)

Month

Geometric Mean 90th percentile

Salinity Temperature of Seawater

Rainfall

Temperature of Seawater () Rainfall (mm)60 30

10 20 30

Salinity (psu)

(B)

(A)

150

120

90

0

40

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

E. coli (MPN/100 g)

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

E. coli (MPN/100 g)

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Month

2014 2015 2016 1200700

1300

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

E. coli (MPN/100 g)

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

O-1 O-2

O-3 O-4

O-5

Thresholds Thresholds

Thresholds Thresholds

Thresholds

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해수 및 굴(Crassostrea gigas)의 세균학적 위생평가 537

Table 1. Bacteriological water quality at the sampling station in Yongnam-Gwangdo area (2014-2106)

Station

Coliform group (MPN1/100 mL) Fecal coliform (MPN/100 mL)

No. of Samples

Range GM2 90th3 >230

Range GM 90th >43

No. % No. %

1 <1.8-79 5.7 25.4 0 0.0 <1.8-49 3.1 9.5 1 2.8 36

2 <1.8-240 5.1 29.1 1 2.8 <1.8-170 3.5 13.9 1 2.8 36

4 <1.8-1,600 11.1 135.4 3 8.3 <1.8-1,100 6.2 54.7 6 16.7 36

8 <1.8-49 3.2 13.0 0 0.0 <1.8-49 2.8 8.7 1 2.8 36

9 <1.8-49 3.8 13.0 0 0.0 <1.8-23 2.7 7.1 0 0.0 36

10 <1.8-79 2.7 8.1 0 0.0 <1.8-49 2.2 5.0 1 2.8 36

11 <1.8-540 6.9 62 3 8.3 <1.8-49 3.4 13.3 1 2.8 36

12 <1.8-130 3.5 15.8 0 0.0 <1.8-79 2.6 8.2 1 2.8 36

14 <1.8-23 2.5 5.8 0 0.0 <1.8-23 2.0 3.8 0 0.0 36

15 <1.8-540 2.4 9.1 1 2.8 <1.8-240 2.1 6.3 1 2.8 36

17 <1.8-130 2.5 8.8 0 0.0 <1.8-49 2.1 5.1 1 2.8 36

18 <1.8-240 4.7 30.9 1 2.8 <1.8-240 2.9 13.5 2 5.6 36

19 <1.8-130 2.2 6.1 0 0.0 <1.8-7.8 1.8 2.5 0 0.0 36

20 <1.8-17 2.2 4.2 0 0.0 <1.8-4.5 1.8 2.5 0 0.0 36

21 <1.8-49 2.1 4.8 0 0.0 <1.8-11 1.9 3.1 0 0.0 36

22 <1.8-34 1.9 3.5 0 0.0 <1.8-9.3 1.8 2.6 0 0.0 36

24 <1.8-21 1.8 3.1 0 0.0 <1.8-7.8 1.8 2.5 0 0.0 36

26 <1.8-79 2.0 4.8 0 0.0 <1.8-4.5 1.8 2.2 0 0.0 36

27 <1.8-79 2.1 5.4 0 0.0 <1.8-2.0 <1.8 1.8 0 0.0 36

28 <1.8-11 1.9 3.0 0 0.0 <1.8-7.8 1.8 2.6 0 0.0 36

29 <1.8-17 2.1 4.1 0 0.0 <1.8-7.8 1.9 2.9 0 0.0 36

31 <1.8-79 2.3 6.3 0 0.0 <1.8-11 1.9 3.5 0 0.0 36

32 <1.8-170 2.5 8.4 0 0.0 <1.8-49 2.1 4.7 1 2.8 36

33 <1.8-79 2.1 5.2 0 0.0 <1.8-13 1.8 2.8 0 0.0 36

35 <1.8-17 2.0 3.6 0 0.0 <1.8-4.5 1.8 2.4 0 0.0 36

36 <1.8-13 1.8 2.8 0 0.0 <1.8-13 1.8 2.8 0 0.0 36

37 <1.8-170 3.0 12.4 0 0.0 <1.8-33 2.2 5.3 0 0.0 36

38 <1.8-790 4.2 37.5 2 5.6 <1.8-490 3.1 17.3 2 5.6 36

39 <1.8-540 3.1 19.6 1 2.8 <1.8-49 2.1 5.1 1 2.8 36

41 <1.8-240 5.2 29.2 1 2.8 <1.8-33 3.1 10.4 0 0.0 36

42 <1.8-17 2.3 4.6 0 0.0 <1.8-6.8 1.9 2.9 0 0.0 36

43 <1.8-22 2.5 6.3 0 0.0 <1.8-4.5 1.8 2.5 0 0.0 36

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윤현진권지영이가정권순재목종수김풍호정연중 538

결과 및 고찰

해수의 세균학적 위생상태 평가

2014 1월부터 2016 12월까지 용남·광도 해역에 위치 41조사지점별해수 1,476시료중의대장균군 변계대장균의 범위는 모두 <1.8-2,400 MPN/100 mL이었다

(Table 1). 우리나라의지정해역기준에따르면우리나라는

정해역, 준지정해역조건부해역으로구분하고있다. 지정해 역의경우모든조사정점이분변계대장균의기하학적평균치 14 MPN/100 mL 미만인해역으로조사되어야한다(MOF, 2018b).

연구결과, 41조사지점의분변계대장균의기하학적 균은 <1.8-6.7 MPN/100 mL나타났으며, 14 MPN/100 mL 초과하는지점은없어지정해역의기준에충족하는것으로 평가되었다. 미국은 National Shellfish Sanitation program 따라패류생산해역을허가해역, 조건부허가해역, 제한해역, 건부제한해역, 금지해역으로분류하고있으며기준이되는 것은해수의대장균군또는분변계대장균의조사결과이다. 가해역의경우, 대장균군의기하학적평균이 70 MPN/100 mL 이하이며, 90th percentile 값이 230 MPN/100 mL 이하이거나 분변계대장균의기하학적평균이 14 MPN/100 mL 이하이며, 90th percentile 값이 43 MPN/100 mL초과하는시료가 10%

넘지않아야한다고규정하고있다(FDA, 2018).

연구결과, 41조사지점의대장균군분변계대장균의 가하학적평균 90th percentile 값은각각 1.8-11.7, 2.8-233.6 <1.8-6.7, 1.8-100.2 MPN/100 mL으로분석되었다. 분변계 대장균값이 43 MPN/100 mL초과한비율이 10%넘는 점은오량리의오량천부근에위치한 4(16.7%)원문만 구에위치하고있는 53(22.2%) 조사지점으로미국의허가해 역의세균학적수질기준에는부합하지않았으며, 해역에 정된 41위생조사지점 39개소의세균학적위생상태가 우리나라지정해역과미국허가해역기준에부합하는것으로 타났다. 또한, 원문만해역에위치한조사지점이분변계대장균 90th percentile 값이 43 MPN/100 mL초과하여지속적인 관리가필요하다고나타내었다(Shin et al., 2012). 분변계대장 균의월별비교결과 5, 7, 9월의농도가다소높은것으로 확인되었다. 우리나라기상학적특성상하절기장마간인 7월의 분변계대장균기하학적평균이 4.6 MPN/100 mL으로다소 값을나타내었으나, 지정해역의수질기준인 14 MPN/100 mL초과하지는않았다(Fig. 2).

여러환경인자의조사결과, 3년간조사 7전부터조사당일 까지의월별평균강수량은 52.1 mm 이었고, 7월의평균강수 량이 117.3 mm가장많았고, 우리나라에서강우가집중되는 7월부터 9사이에강수량 66.2-117.3 mm이었으나, 취가왕성하게이루어지는 1, 11 12월의강수량의범위 6.0-25.3 mm다른월과비교하였을비교적낮게나타 Fig. 2. Changes in monthly fecal coliform levels, average temperature of seawater for all sampling stations and average rainfall in Yongnam- Gwangdo Area. (A) the standard line (≤14 MPN/100 mL) of Geometric Mean from the fecal coliform levels for the sanitary survey at total thirty-six times. (B) the standard line (≤43 MPN/100 mL) of estimated 90th percentile from the fecal coliform levels for the sanitary survey at total thirty-six times. MPN, Most probable number.

Goseong-gun

Tongyeong City Geoje City

Donghae-myeon

Gwangdo-myeon

Sadeung-myeon

Gajo Island

128 23’E

128 23’E

128 27’E

128 27’E 128 32’E

34 59’N34 56’N34 53’N

22 44

99 1111

11

88 1122 1144 1177

1155 1188 2222

1100 2211 2200 1199

5577

2299 2288

2277 2266

3333 2244

4433

4444 4455

5533 4466 4488

4499

5544 3311

5555 3355 3399 3366 3388 3377

4422 4411

3322

O-5

O-4

O-3 O-2

O-1

Sampling stations of seawater Sampling stations of shellfish

0 10 20 30

0 1 2

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Fecal Coliform (Log MPN/100 mL)

Month

Geometric Mean 90th percentile

Salinity Temperature of Seawater

Rainfall

Temperature of Seawater () Rainfall (mm)60 30

10 20 30

Salinity (psu)

(B)

(A)

150

120

90

0

40

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

E. coli (MPN/100 g)

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

E. coli (MPN/100 g)

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Month

2014 2015 2016 1200700

1300

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

E. coli (MPN/100 g)

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

O-1 O-2

O-3 O-4

O-5

Thresholds Thresholds

Thresholds Thresholds

Thresholds

(5)

해수 및 굴(Crassostrea gigas)의 세균학적 위생평가 539

Goseong-gun

Tongyeong City Geoje City

Donghae-myeon

Gwangdo-myeon

Sadeung-myeon

Gajo Island

128 23’E

128 23’E

128 27’E

128 27’E 128 32’E

34 59’N34 56’N34 53’N

22 44

99 1111

11

88 1122 1144 1177

1155 1188 2222

1100 2211 2200 1199

5577

2299 2288

2277 2266

3333 2244

4433

4444 4455

5533 4466 4488

4499

5544 3311

5555 3355 3399 3366 3388 3377

4422 4411

3322

O-5

O-4

O-3 O-2

O-1

Sampling stations of seawater Sampling stations of shellfish

0 10 20 30

0 1 2

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Fecal Coliform (Log MPN/100 mL)

Month

Geometric Mean 90th percentile

Salinity Temperature of Seawater

Rainfall

Temperature of Seawater () Rainfall (mm)60 30

10 20 30

Salinity (psu)

(B)

(A)

150

120

90

0

40

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

E. coli (MPN/100 g)

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

E. coli (MPN/100 g)

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Month

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Month

2014 2015 2016 1200700

1300

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

E. coli (MPN/100 g)

2014 2015 2016 1300

1200700

O-1 O-2

O-3 O-4

O-5

Thresholds Thresholds

Thresholds Thresholds

Thresholds

(6)

윤현진권지영이가정권순재목종수김풍호정연중 540

38.2 mm강우가발생하였으며, 해수중의분변계대장균

범위는 <1.8-2,400 MPN/100 mL이었고, 기하학적평균의 6.0 MPN/100 mL으로가장높게나타났으나, 14 MPN/100 mL초과하지는않았다. 8월에는조사 4전부터지속적인 강우가발생하여조사당일까지누적강우량이 198.1 mm 하였고, 기하학적평균값은 3.5 MPN/100 mL, 5월에는조사 2 전부터조사하루전까지 87.4 mm강우가발생하였고, 하학적평균값은 3.4 MPN/100 mL으로나타났다. 2015 7

에는조사하루전부터당일까지 100.0 mm강우가발생하였

으며, 해수분변계대장균의기하학적평균은 9.3 MPN/100 mL가장높게나타났으나, 14 MPN/100 mL초과하지는 않았다. 2016 7월에는조사 5전부터당일까지 156.3 mm 강우가발생하였으며, 해수분변계대장균의기하학적 균은 5.3 MPN/100 mL가장높게나타났으나, 14 MPN/100 mL초과하지는않았다. 비교적많은강우가발생한것으로 확인된 5, 7, 8, 9월의분변계대장균의기하학적평균 90th percentile값이높게나타났으며, 이는 8 9월의경우 수온이유지되어분변계대장균의증식이용이하였을것으로 단된다. 따라서용남·광도해역의경우, 시기에따라간헐적으 분변계대장균의기하학적평균 90th percentile값이 것은주변에산재한오염원의영향으로판단되며, 강우 수온등의환경인자가복합적으로관계하는것으로판단된다.

이상의결과, 2014 1월부터 2016 12월까지용남·광도해 역의대장균군분변계대장균의농도는우리나라의지정해역 수준에해당하지만미국의기준의경우, ·간접적인오염원으 로부터지속적으로상당한영향을받고있고, 강우등에영향을 받을있으므로조건부허가해역으로평가있다. 굴의 세균학적 위생상태 평가

용남·광도 해역의 5 패류채취지점에서 2014 1월부터 2016 12월까지채취한 132굴의대장균군분변계대장 균의범위는각각 <18-16,000 <18-1,300 MPN/100 g이었 으며, 일반세균수는 <30-2,900 CFU/g이었다(Table 2). 우리

나라식품공전의생식용굴에대한기준규격은분변계대장균 농도가 230 MPN/100 g초과하지 않아야한다. 미국은 패류에기준이따로없으며, 유럽연합에서는패류의 E. coli 도에따라해역을 3등급으로분류하고있다. 패류에서시료 수의 80% 230 MPN/100 g 이하를충족하고, 모든시료가 700 MPN/100 g 이하일경우 A등급, 시료수의 90% 4,600 MPN/100 g 이하를충족하고, 모든시료가 46,000 MPN/100 g 미만일경우 B등급, 46,000 MPN/100 g초과하지않을 C등급으로분류한다(European Commission, 2004; MFDS, 2018).

연구결과, 조사기간 용남·광도 해역에서 채취된 132 시료에서는 생식용 굴의 분변계대장균 기준인 230 MPN/100 g초과한시료는 4개로 3.0% (4/132)이었으며, E.

coli 값은 1개의시료에서 1,300 MPN/100 g으로나타나 EU

A등급기준에는부합하진않았으나 B등급의기준에는충족하

것으로확인되었다(Fig. 3). 2015 4조사일의경우조사

6일전부터당일까지지속적인강우가발생하여 2개의시료

에서기준치를초과하였고, 2016 4조사일의경우에도 3일전부터당일까지강우가발생하여 1개의시료에서 준치를초과하였는데이는강우에따른오염원이다량으로 입되어나타난결과로추정된다.

다른패류생산해역인한산·거제만해역(Ha et al., 2009), 진만해역(Park et al., 2010)굴의분변계대장균은각각 <18- 230, <18-20으로 230 MPN/100 g초과하는시료는없었고, 가막만해역(Kwon et al., 2007)굴의분변계대장균은 <18- 700 MPN/100 g으로 2개의시료가 230 MPN/100 g초과한 것으로나타났는데이들해역에비해용남·광도해역은생식용 기준을초과한시료가많았으며 EU A등급기준에부합하 않았다. 해역에서굴의세균학적오염도를저감하기위해 서는비점오염원관리대책을마련해야것이다. 조류의흐름 원활하지않은원문만입구에서는낚시수상보트와같은 레저활동들이많이이루어지고있어분변오염이상시적으로 생할가능성이높다. 따라서, 관련행정기관에서의공중화장실 Table 2. Bacteriological examinations results of oyster Crassostrea gigas in Yongnam-Gwangdo area (2014-2016)

Station

MPN1/100 g Plate count/g,

at 35℃ No. of

Samples.

Coliform group Fecal coliform E. coli

Range >2,300

Range >230

Range >230

Range >50,000

No. % No. % No. % No. %

O-1 <18-790 0 0.0 <18-490 1 4.5 <20-490 1 4.5 50-1,800 0 0.0 22

O-2 <18-16,000 2 6.5 <18-330 1 3.2 <20-330 1 3.2 <30-1,900 0 0.0 31

O-3 <18-790 0 0.0 <18-330 1 3.3 <20-230 0 0.0 <30-1,500 0 0.0 30

O-4 <18-790 0 0.0 <18-93 0 0.0 <20-90 0 0.0 <30-920 0 0.0 25

O-5 <18-5,400 1 4.2 <18-1,300 1 4.2 <20-1,300 1 4.2 <30-2,900 0 0.0 24

Total <18-16,000 3 2.3 <18-1,300 4 3.0 <20-1,300 3 2.3 <30-2,900 0 0.0 132

1MPN, Most probable number.

(7)

해수 및 굴(Crassostrea gigas)의 세균학적 위생평가 541

신설홍보활동이강화되어야하며주기적으로하천생활 하수의세균학적오염도를모니터링하여오염도가높은지역에 서의하수처리장신설등과같은대책이마련되어야것이다.

사 사

논문은 2018국립수산과학원수산과학연구사업수출패

생산해역수산물위생조사(R2018056)지원으로수행

연구이며연구비지원에감사드립니다.

References

APHA (American Public Health Association). 1985. Laboratory procedures for the examination of seawater and shellfish.

American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., U.S.A.

European Commission. 2004. Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 of the European parliament and of the council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific rules for the organization of offi- cial control on products of animal origin intended for human consumption. Official J Eur Commun L226, 83-127.

Feldhusen F. 2000. The role of seafood in bacterial foodborne disease. Microbes Infect 2, 1651-1660.

Grimmes DJ. 1991. Ecology of estuarine bacteria capable of causing human disease: A review. Estuaries 14, 345-360.

Ha KS, Shim KB, Yoo HD, Kim JH and Lee TS. 2009. Evalu- ation of bacteriological safety for the shellfish growing area in Hansan·Geojeman, Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 42, 449-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2009.42.5.449.

ISO (International Organization for Standardization). 2015.

Microbiology of the food chain-Horizontal method for the enumeration beta-gluccuronidase-positive Escherichia coli Part 3: Detection and most probable number technique using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoly-β-D-glucuronide. International Organization for Standardization, 16649-16653.

Kwon JY, Park KBW, Song KC, Lee HJ, Park JH, Kim DS and Son KT. 2007. Evaluation of the bacteriological quality of a shellfish-growing area in Kamak Bay. J Fish Sci Technol 11, 7-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/fas.2008.11.1.007.

MOF (Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries). 2018a. Product statis-

kfas.2010.43.6.614.

Shim KB, Ha KS, Yoo HD, Lee TS and Kim JH. 2012. Impact of pollution Sources on the bacteriological water quality in the Yongnam-Gwangdo shellfish growing area of western Jinhae Bay, Koera. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 45, 561-569.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2012.0561.

Shin SB, Oh EG, Lee HJ, Kim YK, Lee TS and Kim JH. 2014.

Norovirus quantification in oysters Crassostrea gigas col- lected from Tongyeoung, Korea. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 47, 501-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2014.0501.

FDA (Food and Drug Administration). 2018. National Shellfish Sanitation Program 2015, Guide for the Control of Mollus- can Shellfish, Model Ordinance. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Seafood, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington D.C., U.S.A.

수치

Fig. 1. Sampling stations of seawater (●) and oyster Crassostrea  gigas (□) in the Yongnam-Gwangdo area
Table 1. Bacteriological water quality at the sampling station in Yongnam-Gwangdo area (2014-2106)

참조

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