Current Status and Prospect of Industrial Biotechnology Current Status and Prospect Current Status and Prospect

(1)

Spring Meeting, KIChE

Current Status and Prospect of Industrial Biotechnology Current Status and Prospect Current Status and Prospect

of Industrial Biotechnology of Industrial Biotechnology

April 24, 2008

Young Je Yoo

(2)

Red BT Green BT White BT

Medical Biotechnology

Agricultural Biotechnology

Industrial Biotechnology

Third wave of BT is coming: White BT

(3)

Next 10 years

1. Global competition

2. BT-NT-IT fusion technology 3. Aging society

4. Environment and energy crisis

• CO

₂

emission

• High oil price

(4)

Industrial Industrial Biotechnology Biotechnology High oil price

High oil price

CO CO ₂ ₂ reduction reduction

Background for Industrial Biotechnology

Technology

innovation

(5)

Biorefinery

석유 화석자원

유가상승

CO

₂

Biomass

> 수 천만년

고갈

생물/화학적 전환

CO2 Environmental

Conservation

Petrochemical Biorefinery

Petroleum-based chemical industry Bio-based chemical industry

(6)

Fermentation

Enzymatic Fermentation

Enzymatic

Feedstock Bioprocessing Product

PRODUCT LINES PRODUCT

LINES

Biocatalyst Bioreactor Recovery product

Biomass

Industrial BioTechnology

Technology for the production of energy and chemicals from biomass.

Renewable resource and biocatalyst

Sustainable industry

(7)

(8)

IBT

Bioenergy

Chemical

Platform Technology

Performance

chemicals

(9)

Biodiesel Bioethanol

Biobuthanol Biohydrogen

Methanol from methane Methane

Bioenergy

(10)

Bioenergy - Ethanol

Ethanol from sugar cane : Brazil

Ethanol from corn : USA

Ethanol from tapioca : Asia,

Ex) Changhae Ethanol – Papua New Gunea

Ethanol from cellulose

(11)

Bioenergy - Biodiesel

Oil sources - Soy bean oil - Palm oil

- Rapeseed oil / Canola oil - Jatropa oil

CH

₂

CH

₂

CH

₂

OOC OOC OOC

R

₁

R

₂

R

₃

+ 3R’OH

COO

R

₁

R’

COO

R

₂

R’

COO

R

₃

R’

CH

₂

CH

₂

CH

₂

OH OH OH +

Triglyceride Alcohol Fatty acid esters Glycerol

Catalyst

Process - Chemical

- Biocatalyst under supercritical

fluids

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Feedstock chemicals

• Ethanol

• Lactic Acid

• 1,3-PDO

• 3-HP

• Succinic Acid

• Ethylene

• Propylene

• Vinyl chloride

• Styrene

• Butadiene

• Benzene

• Terephthalic acid

Bulk Chemicals Bulk Chemicals

Current Future

Feedstcok Chemicals

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Feedstock in USA

12 building blocks

Carbon Chemicals Carbon Chemicals

3 3-hydroxypropionic acid

5 Itaconic acid

Glycerol Levulinic acid

4 3-Hydroxy butyrolactone Xylitol / Arabitol Aspartic acid

6 2,5 furan dicarboxylic acid 1,4 dibasic acid

(succinic, fumaric, malic acid) Glucaric acid

5 Glutamic acid Sorbitol

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C3 chemicals

Carbohydrates

Catalytic Distillation

Esterification

Hydrogenolysis

Catalytic Dehydration Fermentation &

Purification

Lactic Acid Lactic Acid (< $1.0/kg) (< $1.0/kg)

Polymerization Plastics

Fibers

Blending

Dehydration Alcohol

Ethyl Lactate Ethyl Lactate (

( Lactete Lactete Esters) Esters)

Biosolvent Blends Bio-based

Solvents

Propylene Propylene

glycol glycol

Propylene Oxide

Lactide

Lactide PLA PLA

(< $2.2/kg) (< $2.2/kg)

Acrylic acid Acrylic acid Methyl

Methyl acrylate acrylate

Metabolic engineering

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C3 chemicals

PLA (polylactic acid)

- Cargil-Dow : 140,000 ton / year from lactic acid of corn-starch origin

- Brandname : NatureWorks

^®

Ingeo

^TM

fiber

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PLA from lactic acid

Lactic acid

purification PLA prepolymer

Devolatilizer Lactic acid

(88 wt%)

Water removal Water removal

125-165^oC 760 Torr

145^oC 50 Torr catalyst

PLA pellets

Lactide

Lactide purification

Ring opening polymerization

residual lactide

catalyst 185^oC

10 Torr

200^oC 10 Torr

150^oC 10 Torr

Carbohydrates Fermentation &

Purification Metabolic engineering

Cargill, US 5,142,023 (1992);

US 7,144,977 (2006)

CH

₃

H O CH

CH

₃

C OH +

O O CH₃

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C4 chemicals

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Species Fermentation (h)

Product Conc.

(g L

^-1

)

Yield (g g

^-1

)

Productivity (g L

^-1

h

^-1

)

A. Succinogenes 38.5 33.9 0.86 0.88

130Z 84 66.4 0.67 0.79

FZ53 78 105.8 0.8 1.34

M. Succiniciproducens 7.5 14 0.7 1.87

11 13.5 0.72 1.22

A. Succiniciproducens 22 29.6 0.97 1.35

30 33 0.93 1.1

Recombinant E. coil

AFP111(pTrc99A-pyc) 76 99.2 1.10 1.30

HL27659K 59 58.3 0.55 0.98

Z. Mobilis ZM4 - - 0.26 1.60

Strain development for succinic acid

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C2 chemicals

Biomass Handling

Enzyme Enzyme Production Production

Biomass Biomass Pretreatment

Ethanol Recovery Glucose

Glucose Fermentation Cellulose

Cellulose Hydrolysis

Pentose Fermentation

Lignin Utilization for Energy or Chemicals

Ethanol Ethanol Expensive

Step!!!

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C2 chemicals

Ethanol

Acetaldehyde

Acetic acid Acetic acid

Polyvinyl chloride Acetanhydride

Vinyl acetate Vinyl chloride

Polyethylene Polyethylene

Polyacrylonitrile Ethylene oxide

Ethylene glycol

Polyethylene Ethylene

Ethylene Butadiene Butadiene

Butadiene Rubber

Ethyl Derivatives

Esters

Alcoholates Catalysts Fuel additives

$0.45/kg

$1.5/kg

>$1.0/kg

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Biopolymer

Biodegradable

Biocompatible

Sustainable

Environmently benign

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• Natural polymer

– Starch, cellulose, pectins, alginate, carrageenans, chitin/chitosan, hyaluronic acid

• Polymer from microorganism

– PHA, polyglutamate, pullulan, curdlan, dextrans, levan

• Bio-based polymer – PLA: lactic acid – PCL: caprolactone

– PBS: 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid

– PTT: 1,3-propanediol, terephthalic acid

Biopolymers

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Biopolymers - PHA

PHA

- Thermoplastic, processing to film or fiber

- 1980 ICI (England) : PHBV(P(3HB- co -3HV)) production 1990 ICI (England), Monsanto (USA) : Biopol production

- Metabolix (USA)

cost < 1$ /lb, cooperation with BASF, ADM, BP

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Polyurethane

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Urushiol polymer

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Cardanol polymer

(28)

Performance chemicals

1.Speciality chemicals

2. Chemicals for pharmaceuticals 3. Chemicals for food

4. Chemicals for cosmetics / flavor

5. Chemicals for enzymes

(29)

Platform Technology

Fermentation

Enzymatic Fermentation

Enzymatic

Feedstock Product

PRODUCT LINES PRODUCT

LINES

Biocatalyst Bioreactor Recovery product Biomas

s

Metabolic Eng.

Enzyme Eng.

Bioprocess Eng.

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Potential Market

$280 Billion (McKinsey, 2003)

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Development of bioproducts

Company Products

BASF Vitamin B-2

Methoxy isopropyl amine (chiral intermediate)

Styrene oxide

Eastman Chemical / Genencor Ascorbic acid

Degussa

Acrylamide

Fatty acid – derived esters

Polyglycerine ester

Organo modified silicones and oleochemicals

Celanese / Diversa

Acetic acid

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Non-digestible starch

Polylactic acid (PLA)

Cargill Polylactic acid (PLA) (140,000 MT/yr)

DuPont / Genencor

1,3-Propanediol

Terephthalic acid

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