IEG 환경지질연구정보센터
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(2) bãÚÚ FVJ"bî TCE~ b' ª Î~¢ * >~ÎBB 1.. B . æ~ &>[ö ÖÒ~º ÆO bf *' · ìº ¶çöBê &¦ª~ FVJ"bî j ª > ®º ©b rJ^ ® . ¾ Æ· 5 æ~>~ J" ;ê& ¶ç~ ª ËKj R ."~º ç öBº '·bî~ "«j Û~ J"æ Ú~ æ z'(biogeochemical) j b &Ò·Ïö '~ ê .b FVJ"b~ b' ª·Ïj / ê > ® . z× J"Æ· Úö ß; J"bî~ ª ËKj &ê b ¦ ãÖ, V·B b j '·bî" þ ¦¦V "«~ J" Æ· 5 æ~>~ b' ö ËKj Ãê~Vê . f ?f b' ¾Ò 5 ö~ WNº FVJ" bîö & b~ b' Ï&ËW(bioavailability) ö ~ " 'Ëj A² >º, b' Ï&ËW ö &Ë 'Ëj ~º V· J"bî~ Æ·O. . " ¢¦ öB Æ·ö OB FVJ"bîê bö ~ ªF > ®rj ¾æÚº þÖ"& > ®b¾ , ¢>'b æ~~ã Ú~ bf æ~ >ö ÏB ç Ò~º FVJ"bîòj Vî Ï > ®º ©b Îæ ® . b' 7" Wö 'Ëj ~º 6 ~¾~ "º *çf z(aging) . Æ· ³öº ç&'b V& bö² º bÒ'b 7" ®&Ë ² Ò~º, ² nb Ïbî {ÖÁF«Nb ² Ú~ FVbîf b~ 7" 5 Ï VBB . V¢B b' ÏWf b' öj ê ³~¾ Î"¢ ï&~º ®ÚB Ö 7º º² æ, ß® æ~~ãöB FVJ"bî~ Wç" ÿ j Î~~V * >' Î~ BBö ®ÚB > J>Ú¢ . Vf Æ· ßW~ N B>º b Ò' 5 z' îWf Ïbî~ Ç 5 OV·ö ®ÚB nonequilibriumj ;W . ¾ æ.ræ b' öj Î~~V * BBB ôf ÎöB æ ' îW b~ &Òÿö ~º 'Ë *"> Ú z . V¢B öBº 7 Bv(dual-porosity concept)j 'Ï~ æ~~ãöB ² ' FVb î~ Ç" Wçö ~º 'Ëj J~& . 7 ÎöBº ~¾~ îW îj ç >Òæî' ßWj &ê v B~ ÿîW î, ¯ FÿF(macropore region)b Úê î" ¦ÿF(micropore region) 1-2). 3-5). 6). 13. b Úê î Bv'b 7Ï>Ú ®º ©b J . v ' ÚöB~ vª ßWj jv~, ¦ÿ Fj º ² f ^ V ~ ~ö ~ vªj îÏ~æ pº >, FÿFj º & j ÛBº Ïbî" b æ~>~ vªj Û ¶F² ÿ > ® . ¯, FÿF ÚöBº ~ (advection)f >Ò' ªÖ(hydrodynamic dispersion) bî~ ÿj æV~, ¦ÿF ÚöBº >~ v ª ì ;ÚB j {Öö ~Bò bî ÿ>º ©b *B . v F Òöº {Öö ~ bîÿ B~, ¦ÿFf FÿFö &~ ç &'b ¶Ö dzêf OÏïj ßWb ~º Ïbî~ &˲ j ~² B . FVJ"bî~ ö*~(in-situ) b' ¾Ò ";öB B~º 7º Ú'ç~ ^B6f "«;~ ÊÖ¾ "æ öB "ê~² b WËÁ»'>Ú ¢Ú¾ º R>Ë &~*ç . b~ &Ò·Ïj /ê~V * "«>º '·bîf "«; "æ bj "ê~² WËÁ»'ʲ >, -² &~B Û>Ëj ~ V *Bº z {Kb "«~¾ "«ïj *¢ ò ~² B . f ?f bö ~ ï¾(bioclogging) *çf b' ª";j /ê~V *~ '·bî" bj þ "«~º ãÖ z× '~² ¾æ . Biocloggingö & Ökb '·bîj ªÊ; " «~ "«; "~ b~ WËj ÛB~º On _ f *V Wj Ï b~ Çj Ã&ÊJº *V ÿK' ÚÇ O»(electrokinetic transport) Ï> ® . b, ï¾ *çö ~ Û>Ë &~ *ç f æ~>Ú ÏJ"bî~ {Öj BÚ~V * bã Ú~ J~öê wÏ> ® . v ãÖ ÎvöB b~ WËÁ»'b ï¾ *ç" æ' R >ê>~ 6² 5 æ~> vªÚê~ æzº *Ú Ê Ú¦~ · æz' 5 b' *ç " FV'b ÖB . ¯ b WËf W î~ >Ò' ßW j æzÊ º ÏJ"bî 5 '·bî~ ÿö 'Ëj "Ú b~ WËö 'Ëj ~² B. . V¢B *' æzö V W î Ê * Ú~ «' & j>', B> *ç j J >' Î~ BB º>Ú z . R>W bãÚ~ ;W" Ïö & · þ' & BB j~, bãÚf J"bî~ ÿ" Wç j >'b «~º º &N V·~ ÇWb ~ .' êö ¹ ® . Guptaf Fox º funnel7). 8). 9). 10). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 12~20, 2003.
(3) {>ÁJÒ¢ÁVº. 14. ;~ >wãÚ¢ Ï FVJ"bî ¾Ò " ;öB ¢Ú¾º >Ò' æz¢ MODFLOW¢ Ï~ êÖ~ 'zB J~Onj B~&b, Eykholt f &>[~ îW" >wV·~ ®{ W R>W >w ãÚ~ WËö ~º 'Ëj Monte Carlo Simulation V »j Ï~ Î~~& . Chen" Kojouharov º v «~ ~ b Úê bãÚ~ WË" R> ê>~ æz¢ Î~~V * ¢Nö Îj B~& . ¾ J"bî 5 b~ ÿ" Wç, bãÚ~ W Ë" ² æz' V·" Ú»'b R> ê>~ æzf &>[~ îW >Òæî' J& 'b JB Îf jç ²B>æ p ® . V¢B öBº 7 Bvj 'Ï Nö >' Î~ BB" 'Ïj Û~ &>[~ bÒ' îW" ¦ÿF~ Ò& æ~~ãöB~ FV J"bî~ Ç" b' ªö ~º 'Ëj ªC~ , V~ ¢ Bv~ Îö & j' Î~> j B~¶ ~& . 6 BBB Î;j R>W bã Ú¢ Ï &ç~ b' ö ";j Î~~º ' Ï~ bö ~ ï¾ *çj Ï~¾ J~º :²ç Æ· 5 æ~> ö ê³j >ã~¶ ~& . and-gate. 11). 12). 2.. Î~ BB. öB B~º >' ÎöBº &Òö ~ FVJ"bî~ ª ";ö j>' J &æ V º²~ æ~ &>[ Ú ÿ" Wçj Î~ > ®ê BB>î . J&æ V º²º r" ? . (i) ª·Ïj ~º b (ii) *¶*Ú 5 ê²öbB~ WËVî (iii) &Òö ~ ª>º jWËVî FVJ"bî 5 (iv) *¶>ÏÚ 6, W î~ îWj J~V * 7 Bv 'Ï>îb, b~ ÿ 5 Æ·O" &>[ Ú~ >Ò' æz¢ J~& . Îç ' f Nö z&>[b >îb, Nê, pH, >N ~ã¶& b~ &Ò·Ïö ~º 'Ëf J>æ p~ . 7 Æ· 7 Æ·j v B~ B >Ò' ßWj &ê îW &>[ ~¾~ &>[b 7Ï>Ú ®º ©b *~V *~ Ú'&7>(volumetric weighting 2.1.. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 12~20, 2003. ¢ 'Ï~& . 7). function). VT = VT + VT = φVT + (1 − φ)VT ma. mi. (1). VB, *ζ maf mi º '' FÿF" ¦ÿFj ¾æÚ, V º W î~ *Ú ¦b, φº Ú'&7 > (=V /V ) . ?f O»b v F~ (n) f '' n = V /V f n = V /V ;~F > ® º, VB V º ~ Ú'j ¾æÞ . 6 7 Æ· Ú~ æ~> vªf FÿF ÚöBò ;~>æ , æ~> vª~ jFï" F³f '' q = Q / A f v = q / n *>, VB Q(=Q )º Fï, A (=φA )º ' . Ç" ªÖö ~ vª æ V>º FÿFb¦V VBB ¦ÿF ÚöBº {Ö V·j Û~ ¦ÿF Ú 5 FÿÁ¦ÿ F*~ b îªö 'Ëj ~² B . T. ma T. ma. T. ma v. ma T. mi. mi v. ma T. v. ma w. ma w. ma T. ma w. ma. ma. ma T. ma. T. b~ Wç" ÿ 7 Æ·öB b~ ªº size exclusionö ~ ² b WB ¦ÿFf VB> FÿFö Bò Ò~º ©b &;>º, FÿFÚ bf æ~>~ vªj V¢ ¦F~¾ Æ· ö O~ Ú¢ ;W~ ç~ Ïbîj ²j~B F æÁWË . Æ·O b~ ÷;¢ >'b *~V *Bº ¢>'b bï(biofilm)¾ ² Ú(microcolony)~ *Ûz~ ;~>º, Molz f æ~ &>[" ? '·bî~ ³ê& jv' Ô f ~ãöBº b Æ·j j*® º bï j ;W~V º ö>η~ ²Ú¢ B Æ ·«¶~ ö Ú^ ® &;~º ²ÚÎ;j B~& . ²ÚÎ;j Îö 'Ï~ Æ·ö OB b~ ªf Ú'j ;~~, WËVî" F VJ"bî *ö ãç' &(competitive inhibition)& ¢ Ú¾º b~ &Ò·Ïj 7 Monodb ¾æÚ, Æ·ç b~ ÁîOV·j ¢N &>wb * ~, ç" Æ·ç b~ Wç" ÿj æV~º b îï;O;f '' r" ? ;~F > ® . 2.2.. 13). ma ma. ∂θ Cc ---------------------- = ∇ ⋅ Jma c ∂t CP ma ma + µm (CP , CO ) ---------------------------------------------------------ma ma KP + CP + ( KP /KD)CD ma. CO --------------------- –kd – k1 ⋅ θma Cma c ma K O + CO. (2).
(4) bãÚÚ FVJ"bî TCE~ b' ª Î~¢ * >~ÎBB. f r" ?f bîï;O;b *F > ® .. COc CPc ∂ Nc --------- = µm( CPc, COc) ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------∂t KP + CPc + ( KP /KD )CDc KO + COc. ma. ma. ma ma. k1θ Cc –kd + ------------------------ ⋅ Nc–k2Nc mc. (3). ma ma CP – CPc K3P ρb ∂( θ CP ) f, ma 1 + --------------- --------------------------= –∇ ⋅ JP – DPbNcAc ----------------------ma δ ∂t θ ma. VB, j¾Î¶ c, P, O, Dº '' b, WËVî, * ¶>ÏÚ, &ÒV·j Û~ ª>º FVJ"bîj ¾æÞ . θ º FÿF~ >NB, NöB Æ ·«¶çö OB b ÷~ Ú'Nj B © , Cº ³ê, Kº Monod~ >³êç> . ò£ J>º J"bî jWËVîB WËVî" ?f Î ²ö ~ &Ò·Ïö ÏB , WËVî" jWËV î Òö ãç' && ¢Ú¾² B . V¢B ¢ Î öB J~V *~ b~ WË" WË 5 jWË Vî~ ªö ÒÏ>º Monod öB >³êê> K f K &ö K (1+C /K )f K (1+C /K ) 'Ï>î. . J º b~ FÿÇV, k , k , k º b~ Æ ·«¶ç '' O, îO 5 Òê> . N º ² Ú~ &ê(*¦b~ &>[ î ²Ú~ >), m º B ²Ú~ îï(=ρ Áπr τ; ρ º ¢ ² Ú~ &ê, r f τº ö>;¢ &ê ²Ú~ >æ ª" vþ) . µ ( )º '·bî~ ³ê> *>º b~ WËê>>, b~ &Ò·Ïö j>' Vî" *¶>ÏÚ~ ³ê& Îv &Ò·Ïö jº ²³ê¢ ." rº &W˳ê, µ ¢ Fæ~, -æ pj röº 0, ¯ &Ò·Ï ¢Ú¾æ pº ©j ¾æÞ . C , C , C º '' ²Ú Ú~ Vî, J" bî, *¶>ÏÚ~ ³ê . (2)öB Öæ~ f ' ' çöB b~ Fÿ, WË, Ò, Æ·«¶ç O 5 îOj ¾æÚ, (3)~ Öæ f '' Æ·«¶ç öB b~ WË, Ò, O 5 îOj ¾æÞ . ma. P. D. 14). P. D. D. D. ma c. 1. P. 2. P. d. c. c. c. 2 c. c. c. m. max. Pc. Dc. 15. Oc. 2.3. Ïbî~ Wç" ÿ æ~>~ vªj V¢ Fÿ~º WËVî, FVJ"bî, *¶>ÏÚº Æ·«¶ç O" FÿÁ¦ÿF* 5 ç" ²Ú*~ bîv~j ~B çö ¦F~ ¾ Æ·«¶çö O>Ú ²Ú¢ ®º bö ~ ²j>¾ ªB . ";ö & >' *f ''~ bî b~ &ÒÿöB ·Ï~º V· ö ~ Ö;B . ~ Ï'ö V¢ Î~>º b ¢ WËVîj &Ò·Ïö Ï~, FVJ" bîf &ÒV·ö ~ ª>º jWËVî¢ & ;~, Fÿ 5 ¦ÿFöB~ WËVî~ Wç" ÿ. ma. ma. ma ma. ma. CO CP αP ma mi µm( CP , CO ) θ CP --------------------–------ (CP – CP )–----------------------------------------------------- --------------------ma ma φ YP KP + CP K O + CO (4) mi mi. mi. K3P ρb ∂[ θ CP ] f, mi αP ma mi 1 + --------------- ------------------------ = ∇ ⋅ JP + ---------- ( CP – CP ) mi ∂ t 1–φ θ. (5). VB, K º Vî~ ï;Oê>, ρ º &>[ î~ &ê, δf D º {Öãê[~ vþf Vî~ {Öê >, A º ¢ ²Ú~ ç¦ ' (=πr τ), α º F ÿÁ¦ÿF* Vî~ ¢N bîv~ê>, Y º Vîö & >Nê> . (4) Öæ~ ' f '' FÿF ÚöB Vî~ ÿ, ²Úf ¦ÿFb~ bî ÿ, çöB bö ~ ²j¢ ¾æÚ, (5)~ Öæ f ¦ÿFöB Vî~ {Öö ~ ÿ 5 F ÿF"~ bîÿj ¾æÞ . FÿF" ¦ÿF~ ç* bîÿf v '~ ç³êNö ~ ÿK 'b æV>º , r bîv~ê>º Ïî~ ª¶ {Öê>f Æ·«¶ 5 ö ~ Ö;B . æ~~ã~ bf ÿz·Ï" cell maintenance¢ * ~ *¶>ÏÚ¢ jº . V¢B *¶>ÏÚ~ ² jNf '' b~ WËN" ÒNö jf~º v &æ jºW~ b ¾æÚê . (6)" (7)f '' FÿF" ¦ÿFöB~ *¶>ÏÚ~ ÿ" Wçj ¾æÚº bîï;O; . 3P. b. Pb. c. c. P. P. 15). ma ma. ma. K3Oρb ∂( θ CO ) 1 + --------------- -------------------------ma ∂t θ f, ma. =–∇ ⋅ JO. ma. CD – CDc αO ma mi – DObNcAc ------------------------ – ------- (CO – CO ) δ φ ma. CP ma ma –γP µm (CP , CO ) -------------------------------------------------------ma ma KP + CP + ( KP /KD)CD ma. CO --------------------- ⋅ θmaCma c ma KO + C O ma. ma. CD CP ma ma --------------------------------------------------------–γDµm( CP , CO ) --------------------ma ma ma KP + CP KD + CD + (KD/KP )CP ma. ma. CO CO --------------------- ⋅ θmaCma ----------------------- ⋅ θmaCma c – αkd c ma ma KO + C O KO′ + CO. (6). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 12~20, 2003.
(5) {>ÁJÒ¢ÁVº. 16 mi mi. mi. αO ma mi K3Oρb ∂[ θ CO ] ------------------------ = ∇ ⋅ JfO, mi + --------- (C – CO ) 1 + --------------mi ∂ t 1 –φ O θ. (7). VB γ f γ º '' WËVî" jWËVî FVJ "bî~ ª";j * *¶>ÏÚ~ ²jê>, αº b~ BÚFæ¢ * *¶>ÏÚ~ ²jê> . 6 &Òö ~ ª>º FVJ"bî~ Wç" ÿö & bî>æf FÿF" ¦ÿFöB '' (8) " (9)f ? *F > ® . P. D. ma. ma ma ma CD – CD K3D ∂ (θ CD ) f, ma c 1 + ---------- --------------------------= –∇ ⋅ JD – DDbNcAc ----------------------ma δ ∂ t θ ma. ma. ma ma. αD ma mi µm(CP , CO )θ Cc –------- ( CD – CD )– ----------------------------------------------------φ YD ma. ma. ma. CD CO CP ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------ma ma ma ma KP + CP KD + CD + ( KD /KP)CP KO + CO mi. (8). mi mi. K3Dρb ∂( θ CD ) f, mi αD ma mi - ( C – CD ) 1 + --------------- -----------------------= –∇ ⋅ JD + --------mi ∂t 1–φ D θ. (9). Ïbî f FÿF~ çb¦V {Öj Û ²Ú Ú F«B ê b~ &Ò·Ïö ~ ªB. . V¢B ²Ú Ú Ïbî~ ³êº ç" ² Ú Ò~ {Öãê[j ãê ~º bîï;O;b ¦V êÖF > ® . (10)-(12)~ ²æf çb¦ V ²Ú nb {Ö F«>º Ïbî~ jFïj ¾æÚ, Öæf ²Ú Ú bö ~ ' Ï bî~ ²jNj ¾æÞ . ma. [ CP – CPc ] µm (CPc, COc )mc DPb ---------------------------= --------------------------------------δ Ac YP CPc COc ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------KP + CPc + ( KP /KD )CDc KO + COc. (10). ma. [ CD – CDc] µm( CPc, COc)mc DPb ---------------------------= --------------------------------------δ Ac YD CDc COc CPc -------------------- -------------------------------------------------------- --------------------KP + CPc KD + CDc + ( KD /KP)CPc KO + COc. 16). s. σc 19/6 K -------s- = 1 – ------------ Ks0 φ nma. ma. COc γDµm( CPc, COc)mc CPc --------------------- + -------------------------------------------- --------------------KO + COc KP + CPc Ac COc CDc αkdmc COc - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- + -------------KD + CDc + (KD/KP )CPc KO + COc Ac KO ′ + COc. (12). (13). VB K º Ú»' *~ .V R>ê>, σ º Æ·O b~ Ú'N, (3)öB êÖB ²Ú ~ &ê, N ö B ²Ú~ ¦b (=πr τ)¢ ~ êÖB . Clement~ j j~ Vö BB Î öBº ^Æ·~ ãÖ R>ê>~ 6²& "².G>º ãËj ¾æÚî . ~æò ¢>'b «¶~ V& · f Æ·öB φ& ç&'b ·f 8j &ææ, 7 Æ· Bv 'ÏB (13)~ ãÖ V~ ö j ~ ^Æ·öB ;{ R>ê> 6²~ .G Úî > ®º ©b ¾æÒ . c. s0. 2 c. c. 3.. (11). CO – COc γPµm( CPc, COc ) CPc DOb ------------------------ = ------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------δ K + C + Ac P Pc ( KP /KD )CDc. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 12~20, 2003. 2.4. 7 Æ·öB b~ Æ·Ob R> ê>~ 6² æ~&>[ b~ &¦ªf Æ·«¶~ ö ÷j O>Ú ® . r OB bf WË " Ãj Û~ RFî matrix extracellular polymer WB ÷;¢ ² >º, -² ¦O ;W B b" extracellular polymer~ ÷*çj Ú »'(biomass accumulation)¢ . »'B bf j Næ~ æ~>~ vªj O~ Û>Ëj 6 ²Êº, 'Ëj >'b *~V *B º bï¾ ²Úf ?f Bz &;j Û~ » 'B b~ Ú'" þj Û~ G;B R>ê>~ ç&&ê¢ ¾æÚº ²æj êÂ~ Ï~º O»j ÒÏ . ÎöBº ²Ú Îj Û~ Æ· O b~ Ú'j êÖ ê, Clement Bn macroscopic Bv~ >ãþ' Cö 7 Æ·~ Ú '&7>, φ,¢ 'Ï~, ¦ÿF~ Ò& &>[~ R>ê² 6²ö ~º 'Ëj J~& . V¢B z &>[ ÚöB b~ Æ·Oö ~ 6²B R>ê >, k º r" ?f b êÖF > ® .. Î~ 'Ï 5 ªC. bãÚ¢ Ï TCE J"Ú~ b' ¾Ò öB BnB Î~ 'ÏWj .~V *~ bãÚ¢ Û FVJ"bî~ b' ¾Ò ¾ÒJ ¢ Îö 'Ï~& . .B ¾ÒJöB JB FV J"bîf &' "²ê J"bî trichloroethene (TCE)b, z® TCEº æ F æ~~ãö F«B ê &>[~ &ö DNAPL~ ; Ò~B 3.1..
(6) bãÚÚ FVJ"bî TCE~ b' ª Î~¢ * >~ÎBB. æ~>ö Ï>Ú J"Új ;W~ æ~>~ vªj V¢ ÿ~B J" {ÖB . ÿ~º TCE J"Ú j *Ë ¾Ò~V * Onb æ~ &>[ö R>W >wãÚ¾ ;ç bãÚ¢ J~~º VFö & f B 'Ï " B~² ê¯> ® . ß® ^ V 5 6V ç ÎvöB b~ &ÒV·ö ~ ªF > ®º TCE~ ßWj Ï bãÚ Ï O n Î~ 'ÏWj .~V * ¾ÒJö 'Ï ~& . â 1f BB ¾Ò ¾ÒJ~ Wj BÛ'b ¾æÚ ® . 2 mÜ2 m V~ TCE J"Ú æ~> ~ vªj V¢ ê¯> ®º z&>[~ ~~¦ö ¢ NÁ¾Ò~V * bãÚ¢ J~~& . bã Úº TCE ªËj &ê bj ¦öB V·~ ~ ~¦ö J~B "«;j Û~ .V 5¢ ÿn &>[ Ú "«b J~~& . J~";öB Æ· O" WËb B~º "«; "æ~ b "»' f ö æ~> vªj N~, "«>º '·bî 5 b~ {Ö" bãÚ~ WËj &~ ¾Ò ÎN j ÎÚNÒº ö F > ® . ¢ jz~V *~ '·bî-Ïç~ zê(WËVî)" Ö²(*¶>ÏÚ)~ "«;j b "«;~ ç~¦ö êê J~~ ¢ Û~ '·bîj Î~ *V*ö Öö ê³'b " «~æ bãÚ~ ;Wj .~& . Î~&ç' ö & æî>Ò' Bö" "«f 1" 2ö ¾æ ¾ ®b, Î~ö ÒÏB ê> f Wang" Corapcioglu 17). Fig. 1. Areal view of model domain in hypothetical simulation.. 17. Table 1. Physical parameters used in the simulation. Î~&ç'~ V >Ò ãÒ .V zR>ê> »OË ªÖê> ÇOË ªÖê> Fÿ'" ¦ÿ'~ N Ú'&7ê> Æ·~ &ê. 8 20 mÜ20 m. 0.001 100 m/day 50 cm 10 cm 0.333, 0.333 0.7 1.60 g/cm3. Table 2. Input concentrations used in the simulation. Vã ³ê. TCE. 0 mg/L. Ï zê Ï Ö² ¦F b ²Ú &ê. 2 mg/L 6 mg/L 0 mg/L 500 cm−3. "« ³ê ê ³ê − 2 mg/L (TCE J"Ú Ú) 50 mg/L 8 mg/L 200 mg/L −. 0.01 mg/L 0.01 mg/L − −. ö 'ÏB 8 j ÒÏ~& . '·bî" b~ "«· 6¢ ê, FÿFÚ~ ç~ Ïbî³êf ²Ú &ê~ *' ª¢ â 2ö ¾æÚî . .V 5¢ ÿn~ "«B ¦ b f æ~>~ vªj V¢ ~~ ÿ~B "«; W1 "æö &ê~ ²Ú Úê æö;~ bãÚ ¢ ;W~& . ÆO b~ ¶ ;zö ~ TCE~ ª& Î~ ' *ÚöB Úæº &Ú, bãÚ Ú¦öBº .Vç~ Ï '·bîj ² ²j ê " "«; W2¦V />º ³ê~ '·bîö ~ jv' ³ê~ &Ò·Ïj Fæ~ F«>º TCE¢ ª . bãÚ~ ~~¦öBº ç~¦V~ '·bî Ç bãÚö ~ NB j ªÖ" {Ö V·j Û "æb¦V />º Ôf ³ê~ '·b îj V>b Ö Ôf ³ê~ &Ò·Ïj Fæ . &ê~ ²Ú &êf ³ê~ '·bî /b &¦ª~ TCE ªº bãÚ~ Ú¦öB B . â 3f Î~ 6¢ ê Fÿ 5 ¦ÿFöB~ J" bî ³ê~ ª¢ ¾æÚ ® r, J"Úö & .Vb v F Úö ?f ³ê~ J"bî Ò ~º ©b &;~& . Î~ þ Ö", Ç" ªÖö ~ ÿ~º FÿF Ú~ J"bîf ³ê ~ ~¢ Ë ÿ ê bãÚö 7~ bãÚ¢ º b~ &Ò·Ïö ~ ª>î . ¾, {ÖV ·ö ~Bò ÿ æV>º ¦ÿF Ú~ J"bî f b' ªöB VBB j .V³êöB ² 6² Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 12~20, 2003.
(7) 18. {>ÁJÒ¢ÁVº. Fig. 4. The fate and transport of the TCE plume passing through an in situ biobarrier.. Fig. 2. Areal distributions of aqueous phase methane, oxygen, and TCE concentrations in the mobile region and microcolony density at Day 6.. Fig. 3. Areal distribution of aqueous phase TCE concentrations in the (a) mobile and (b) immobile region at Day 6. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 12~20, 2003. ~æ pf çöB Çö ~ ³ê& Ôjê FÿF b bîv~j Û {Ö F«>î . ~~¦ö ªB ¦ÿF J"bîf FÿFj Û ² ÿB J "bî FÿÁ¦ÿF*~ ³êNö ~ ¦ÿFb F«B ©b, r ¦ÿFf FVJ"bî~ reservoir ·Ï~ *>' b' ª ";~ ÎNj ÎÚ NÒ² B . â 4º Î~V* 48¢ ÿn b" '·bî "« ö V bãÚ~ ;W" ², J"bî~ Wç" ÿj ¾æÞ © . Æ·Ob "«;j 7b ;WB æö;~ bãÚ Úö /Ï~² Ã& b ÷f ç~~ '·bî "«;b¦V />º Ï '·bîj ²j~ B &Ò·Ïj Û~ F« >º J"bîj ª~, Day 12~18öBº bãÚ¢ Û~º FVJ"bî~ ³ê& ² 6²~º ©j " > ® . * vªö V¢ ³¦ '·bî Ò~ º '·bî "«; ¦"ö Ò~º ÆO b / ³~² WË~B W2¢ Û~ "«>º '·bî~ & ¦ªj ²j~ ~~ bãÚ~ '·/j N~².
(8) bãÚÚ FVJ"bî TCE~ b' ª Î~¢ * >~ÎBB. Fig. 5. The distribution of TCE in the aqueous and solid phases in the mobile and immobile regions during bioaugmentation.. æö;~ ¦æöB B . .V~ R>ê> 6 ²& " b~ "«b /³ Æ·Ob B , öV~ *çf ³ê~ '·bî "«b '·ç& '·bî "«; W2 ¦" ÆO b~ WËj /ê~ B *ç . *ç B ~º ãÖ "«>º '·bîf F« çê "«; "æ bö ~ ²j>Ú bãÚ¢ º bö² *>æ á~ bãÚº ³ê ²~² B . V¢B, &>[ Ú~ >Ò' æz¢ J~ Î"'b '·bîj "«b bãÚ~ Wj Fæ > ®º On ö ;~ 'z¢ * > jº © . 4.. Fig. 6. Hydraulic conductivity reduction due to biomass accumulation at Day 6 and 18.. >Ú, bãÚº /³ê 6²~² B . Day 24~30ö Bº bãÚ~ &¦ª ²> Ö Ôf ³ê~ & Ò·Ïò º~~º J"bîj ª . Î~V* ÿ n Fÿ 5 ¦ÿ F Ú ç" Æ·ç TCE~ ª¢ â 5ö ~& . FÿF Ú ç TCEò b ö ~ ªö ÏF > ®bæ F* 5 ç* bîv~f TCE~ ÿ" ªV·ö ~ B ~º ³êNö ~B æVB . Î~V* ÚÚ ôf · ~ TCE& ¦ÿF Æ·ç~ ¸f OË" v F*~ Ôf bîv~N ¦ÿF Úö Ò~æ ¦ ÿF~ Ò& b' ¾Ò~ ÎNj ÎÚNÒº 7 º º B º ©j " ® . â 6öB ¾æ :f ? b~ »', bãÚ ~ ;Wb R>ê>~ 6²º .Vöº b " «;j 7b, öVöº '·bî "«;j 7b. 19. Ö . öBº æ~ ~ã ÚöB æ~>~ vªj V¢ ÿ~º FVJ"bîj *Ë ¾Ò~V * On~ ~ ¾ bãÚ¢ Ï b' ¾Ò ";j Î~~V * >' Îj B~& . Î~ 'ÏWj .~ V *~ ÒÏB &ç' b' ¾Ò ¾ÒJöBº ^òöB B æ> 5 ç>8 ÒÏ>îbæ Î~ Ö"~ Ïö & ê& Ò~Vº ~æò, *>' Î~ Ö"~ ÿf öB BB Î bãÚ ¢ Ï b' ¾Ò ";j '.~² Î~ > ®. º &ËWj "îb, B ¾Ò";~ JêöB J>Ú¢ º² ö & 7ºWj .~& Òò B . &>[ Úö Ò~º ² ¾ Ò~' æ~ > vªöB VBB ¦ÿFf Ï FVJ"bö & reservoirB ö ;~ ÎNj ÎÚNÒ ¾ÒV*~ ËVz¢ FB~º º F > ® . V¢B ¾Ò"; Jê¢ * Ò* Î~ö ÒÏ>º ÎöBº ¦ ÿF~ Ò¢ Ϫ® J~ ¾Ò ÎN "&Ö; >º ©j ãê~¢ . 6 b~ &Ò";j / ê~V *~ ¦ b¾ '·bîj &>[ Ú /~º ãÖ "«; "æöB~ b " »'b ~ "«; "æ~ R>ê>¢ &~Ê æ~> v ª ·çj æzʺ æî>Ò' æz¢ ¢bÒ > ® . "«; "æ~ /³ b »'b R> ê>~ &~º F«Fï~ 6²¾ "«{K~ Ã& ö b 5 '·bî "«~ &ºb ·Ï ö ò jî¢ bãÚ Fæ¢ * '·bî~ /j N ~ *>' ¾Ò ÎNj ÎÚNÒº ö B . V Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 12~20, 2003.
(9) {>ÁJÒ¢ÁVº. 20. ¢B ¾Ò";~ ê³ êöB b' &Ò·Ï ¢ V > ®º &>[ Ú~ æî>Ò' æz¢ Ϫ® J~ bãÚ~ J~ 5 Fæ Onj >ã~¢ © . V¢B bö ~ J"bî~ ¾ÒV· ö. W î~ îW 5 æî>Ò' æz¢ J > ®ê BBB Î bãÚ¢ Ï FVJ"b î~ b' ¾Ò ;~ Jêf ÎNW B On ê Âö Î"'b ÏF > ®j ©b ÒòB .. Ò Ò º ~ã¦~ “N^&~ãVFBBÒë(Ecob æöAf "B«î .. technopia 21 project)”. ^^ò 1. Tang, W.C., White, J.C., and Alexander, M. “Utilization of sorbed compounds by microorganisms specifically isolated for that purpose”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 49(1), pp. 117-121 (1998). 2. Laor, Y., Strom, P.F., and Farmer, W.J. “Bioavailability of phenanthrene sorbed to mineral-associated humic acid”, Water Res., 33(7), pp. 1719-1729 (1999). 3. Ogram, A.V., Jessup, R.E., Ou, L.T., and Rao, P.S.C. “Effects of sorption on biological degradation rates of (2,4dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid in soils”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 49, pp. 582-587 (1985). 4. Smith, S.C., Ainsworth, C.C., Traina, S.J., and Hicks, R.J, “Effect of sorption on biodegradation of quiniline”, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56, pp. 737-746 (1992). 5. Zhang, W., Bouwer, E.J., and Ball, W.P. “Bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants: Effects and implications of sorption-related mass transfer on bioremediation”, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 18(1), pp. 126138 (1998). 6. Brusseau, M.L. and Rao, P.S.C. “Sorption nonideality dur-. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 12~20, 2003. 7.. 8.. 9.. 10.. 11.. 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16.. 17.. ing organic contaminant transport in porous media”, CRC Crit. Rev. Environ, Control, 19(1), pp. 33-99 (1989). Corapcioglu, M.Y. and Wang, S. “Dual-porosity groundwater contaminant transport in the presence of colloids”, Water Resour. Res., 35(11), pp. 3261-3273 (1999). Taylor, S.W. and Jaffe, P.R. “Substrate and biomass transport in a porous medium”, Water Resour. Res., 26(9), pp. 21812194 (1990). Semprini, L., Hopkins, G.D. and Roberts, P.V. “A field evaluation of in-situ biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes: Studies of competitive inhibition”, Ground Water, 29(2), pp. 239-50 (1991). Gupta, N. and Fox, T.C. “Hydrogeologic modeling for permeable reactive barriers”, J. Hazard. Mater., 68, pp. 19-39 (1999). Eykholt, G.R., Elder, C.R. and Benson, C.H. “Effects of aquifer heterogeneity and reaction mechanism uncertainty on a reactive barrier”, J. Hazard. Mater., 68, pp. 73-96 (1999). Chen, B.M. and Kojouharov, H.V. “Non-standard numerical methods applied to subsurface biobarrier formation models in porous media”, Bull. Math. Biol., 61, pp. 779-798 (1999). Molz, F.J., Widdowson, M.A. and Benefield, L.D. “Simulation of microbial growth dynamics coupled to nutrient and oxygen transport in porous media”, Water Resour. Res., 22(8), pp. 1207-1216 (1986). Semprini, L., and McCarty, P.L. “Comparison between model simulations and field results for in-situ biorestoration of chlorinated aliphatics, part 2. cometabolic transformations”, Ground Water, 30(1), pp. 37-44 (1992). Coats, K.H. and Smith, B.D. “Dead-end pore volume and dispersion in porous media”, Soc. Pet. Eng. J., 4, pp. 73-84 (1964). Clement, T.P., Hooker, B.S. and Skeen, R.S. “Macroscopic models for predicting changes in saturated porous media properties caused by microbial growth”, Ground Water, 34(5), pp. 934-942 (1996). Wang, S. and Corapcioglu, M.Y. “Simulation of bioaugmentation involving exogenous bacteria injection”, Water Resour. Res., 38(12), 1293, doi:10.1029/2001WR000344 (2002)..
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