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Antioxidant Activities and Whitening Effect from Lindera obtusiloba BL. Extract

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생강나무 추출물의 항산화 활성과 미백효과

방채영·원은경·박권우*·이광원**·정세영#

경희대학교 약학대학 위생약학 및 독성학실, *고려대학교 생명과학대학 채소 및 허브학실,

**고려대학교 생명과학대학 식품생화학 및 독성학실

(Received June 11, 2008; Revised September 27, 2008)

Antioxidant Activities and Whitening Effect from Lindera obtusiloba BL. Extract

Chae Young Bang, Eun Kyung Won, Kuen Woo Park*, Gwang Won Lee** and Se Young Choung#

Department of Hygienic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea

*Divisions of Bioscience and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea

**Department of Food Science, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea

Abstract

— In this study we investigated antioxidant activity of against several free radicals and skin whitening effect of 70% ethanol extract (leaf extracts and branch/stem mixed) of Lindera obtusiloba BL. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical assays. The Lindera obtusiloba BL. extract had antioxidant activity dose dependently with an IC

50

value of 243.14 and 181.10

µ

g/ml for DPPH, 165.77 and >1500

µ

g/ml for non-enzymatic system of superoxide radical assay, 35.47 and >100

µ

g/ml for enzymatic system of superoxide radical assay, 1.21 mg/ml for hydroxyl radical assay. In addition we tested tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin contents on B16 melanoma F10. B16 melanoma cell was treated by such sample as 1, 5, 10 and 50

µ

g/ml for 72 hr and tyrosinase inhibition was tested. Melanogenesis was inhibited to 22% at the dose of 50

µ

g/ml and tyrosinase was inhibited to 45.2% at the same dose. In conclusion Lindera obtusiloba BL had potent antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity of tyrosinase and melanin formation. It could be devel- oped as the health functional food and functional cosmetic resources.

Keywords □

Lindera obtusiloba BL., antioxidant, DPPH, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, whitening effect

외부로부터의자극이나산업화에따른환경오염

,

잘못된식습 관등다양한스트레스로인하여인체내에서높은활성산소

(reactive oxygen species: ROS)

발생시킨다

.

활성산소에는

superoxide radical(O

2.-

), hydrogen peroxide(H

2

O

2

), hydroxyl radical(OH

-

), singlet oxygen(

1

O

2

)

등이있으며대사과정중의

생성물로서발생되고

,

1,2)세포구성성분을비가역적으로파괴한 다고알려져있다

.

그러나식물은이러한활성산소에대한방어 기작으로이를제거할수있는

tocopherol, ascorbic acid, catechine,

glutathione

등과같은다양한형태의천연항산화제를함유하고

있으며

,

3-6)특히

,

항산화효소의발현은중요한역할을한다

.

7)항 산화효소는

superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione per- oxidase

등이있는데

superxoide dismutase(SOD)

superoxide

anion radical(O

2-

)

을제거하여

hydrogen peroxide(H

2

O

2

)

로전환 시키는촉매효소이고

, catalase(CAT)

주로

peroxisom

재하며

H

2

O

2를물과산소로분해한다

.

8)이러한천연항산화제

나항산화효소들은독자적인작용이나다른작용을보조하는과 정을통해활성산소로부터생체를보호하는작용을한다

.

활성

산소에대한생체방어력에이상이생기거나과도한활성산소에 노출될경우

,

활성산소가인체세포구성성분인지질

,

단백질

, DNA

등의비선택적

,

비가역적인파괴가유도됨으로써노화는물론

을비롯하여뇌졸중

,

파키슨씨병과같은각종질병을일으키는

것으로알려져있다

.

9-12)

위에서언급한일반적인노화현상과같이광노화과정에서도 활성산소는중요한원인인자이다

.

광노화의원인이되는요소인 자외선이활성산소의증가를유도하기때문이다

.

자외선차단제

를사용했을때피부에서

ROS

감소시킬있다는보고와

자외선의조사량을증가시키면서활성산소생성량을측정한결 과조사량이증가할수록활성산소의생성이증가되었다는보고

#논문에관한문의는저자에게로

(

전화

) 02-961-0372 (

팩스

) 02-961-0372

(E-mail) [email protected]

(2)

13,14)자외선과

ROS

생성증가의상관관계를증명하고있다

.

자외선에의해증가된활성산소는표피세포에장해를주고또한 표피세포에서의염증성

cytokine

interleukin(IL)-1

α

,

β와

IL-6, TNF-

α등의분비를촉진시켜서15,17)

melanocyte

에서

keratinocyte

로의

melanosome

이송의증가18)

melanocyte

에서의

melanin

생성증가

,

19,20)등피부착색과진피에서

fibroblast

collagen

합 성저해21)등주름생성을일으킴으로써광노화의중요한원인이 되고있다

.

이와같은산화적스트레스가노화를비롯한각종질병의중 요한원인으로밝혀지면서활성산소를제거하는항산화제에대 한관심이증가하고있다

.

또한생체내활성산소를조절하고항 산화활성이우수하면서보다안전한천연물유래의항산화제의 개발이절실히요구되고있다

.

본실험에서사용된생강나무

(

Lindera obtusiloba

BL.)

는녹나 무과식물로꽃은

3

월에잎보다먼저핀다

.

노란색의작은꽃들 이여러개뭉쳐꽃대없이산형꽃차례를이루어달리며그모 양이산수유꽃과비슷하다

.

새로잘라낸가지에서알싸한생강 냄새가난다고하여생강나무라하며한국

,

일본

,

중국등지에

포하고주로산지의계곡이나숲속의냇가에서서식한다

.

연한

잎은먹을수있고

,

꽃은관상용이며

,

열매는기름을짜서먹을 수있으며머리기름으로22)쓰인다

.

한방에서는나무껍질을

첩풍이라고부르고있다

.

약재로사용하는데타박상에의한

혈과산후에몸이붓고팔다리가아픈증세에효과가있다

.

생강 나무는

geranyl acetate, linderic acid, tsudzuic acid,

그리고

L- phellandrene

함유하고23)있는데이들성분들은보호

,

항당

뇨효과그리고항산화활성이있다고알려져있다

.

본연구에서는예로부터약용및식용으로사용되는생강나무 를새로운가능성소재로활용하기위해잎추출물과가지

/

줄기

혼합추출물에서항산화활성과미백효과를측정하였다

.

재료 및 방법

실험재료

본실험에서사용한생강나무는충청남도천안에서채집하였 다

,

잎과가지줄기부분만을따로분리

,

세척하고물기를제거한 다음건조시켜각각의재료

100 g

분쇄하여

70% ethanol

넣고환류하면서

80

o

C

에서

4

시간씩

3

회반복추출하였다

.

이를 감압농축

,

동결건조하여그분말을실험에사용하였다

.

잎의수 득율은

26.8%,

가지줄기혼합추출물의수득률은

17.8%

였다

.

세포및시약

실험에사용한

B16F10

마우스의

melanoma

세포주로미국

ATCC

에서 구입하였다

. Cell culture

DMEM(Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium), 10% FBS, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin

Hyclone Laboratories Inc. USA

사용하였고

, DPPH(2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ascorbic acid, xanthine oxidase, NADH, Phenazine methosulfate, NBT(nitroblue tetrazolium), N,N-dimethyl-p-nitrosoaniline, tyrosinase

Sigma chemical Co. USA

를사용하였다

.

실험 방법

생강나무잎과가지

/

줄기추출물의항산화활성

DPPH radical

소거활성에의한항산화효능검색 − 각농도

별로조제한생강나무잎추출물

5, 10 50, 100, 500, 1000

µ

g/

m

l의용액과가지·줄기혼합추출물

10, 50, 100, 500

µ

g/m

l의

용액

20

µl와

70% ethanol 100

µl

, 95% ethanol

녹인

0.15 mM DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)

용액

80

µl를 넣고

37

o

C

에서

30

분동안방치시킨후

517 nm

에서흡광도를측정하 였다

.

대조 약물로서는

ascorbic acid(vitamin C) 0.5, 1.0, 5.0,

10, 50

µ

g/m

l을사용하였으며결과는시료를처리하지않은군에

대한

percentage(%)

표기하였다

.

Superoxide radical(Enzymatic system : xanthine- xanthine oxidase)

소거활성에 의한 항산화 효능 검색 −

Xanthine-xanthine oxidase

superoxide radical(O

2.-

)

발생시키

는대표적인실험계이다

.

시험관에

55 mM Potassium phosphate buffer(pH 7.5) 1.8 m

l

, 0.15 mM xanthine 1 m

l과각농도별로 조제한생강나무잎추출물

1.0, 5.0, 10, 50, 100

µ

g/m

l과가지·

줄기 혼합 추출물

1, 10, 100

µ

g/m

l의 용액

0.1 m

l

, xanthine oxidase 0.1 m

l를혼합하고실온에서

20

분방치시킨후

1 N HCl

1 m

l을가하여반응을정지시키고

290 nm

에서흡광도를측정하

였다

.

대조약물로는

xanthine oxidase

억제작용이있는약물로 널리알려진

allopurinol 0.68, 1.36, 6.8, 13.36, 136

µ

g/m

l을사 용하였으며결과는시료를처리하지않은군에대한

percentage (%)

표기하였다

.

Superoxide radical(Non-enzymatic system : NADH- PMS)

소거활성에의한항산화효능검색 −

24 well plate

농도 별로 조제한생강나무 잎추출물

1.0, 5.0, 10, 50, 100, 500

µ

g/m

l과가지

/

줄기혼합추출물

1.0, 10, 100, 1000

µ

g/m

l용 액

20

µl에

30 mM Tris-HCl buffer(pH 8.0) 100

µl와

100

µ

M PMS(Phenazine methosulfate) 20

µl

, 0.5 mM NADH 40

µl

, 0.5 mM NBT 20

µl를혼합하여

37

o

C

에서

20

분동안방치한후

560 nm

에서흡광도를측정하였다

.

대조약물로서는

ascorbic acid 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 100, 1000

µ

g/m

l를사용하였으며결과는시료 를처리하지않은군에대한

percentage(%)

표기하였다

.

Hydroxyl radical

소거활성에의한항산화효능검색 − 시험

관에

95% ethanol

에 녹인

2.5 mM

β

-carotene 200

µl에

5.94

mM H

2

O

2

, 800

µl와

26.4 mM FeSO

4의농도가되게녹인정제

(3)

800

µl

,

농도별로조제한생강나무추출물

0.5, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 mg/m

l과가지줄기혼합추출물

0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/m

l용액

200

µl를혼합한후곧바로

536 nm

에서흡광도 를 측정하였다

.

대조 약물로서는

mannitol 0.0018, 0.0091, 0.0182, 0.091, 0.182, 0.91, 1.82 mg/m

l을사용하였으며결과는

시료를처리하지않은군에대한

percentage(%)

로표기하였다

.

생강나무잎추출물의미백효과

B16 melanoma F10 cell culture

B16 melanoma F10 cell

10% fetal bovine serum

penicillin 100 IU/m

l

, strep- tomysin 50

µ

g/m

l을함유한

Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)

용액에서

37

o

C, 0.5% CO

2조건의

CO

2

incubator

에서

배양하였다

.

Cell viability

B16 melanoma F10 cell

24 well

well

10

4

cell

씩분주하였다

. 17

시간후

cell

의부착을확인한후배 지를걷어내고각농도별로배지에녹여조제한생강나무잎추 출물

1.0, 5.0, 10, 50, 100

µ

g/m

l을각

well

1 m

l씩분주하였 다

. 72

시간동안

CO

2

incubator

에서배양한

MTT

용액을

,

다시

4

시간동안

CO

2

incubator

에서배양하였다

.

배지를

거하고

, DMSO

cell

을녹여

560 nm

에서흡광도를측정하였다

.

결과는시료를처리하지않은군에대한

percentage(%)

표기

하였다

.

Tyrosinase activity inhibition

B16 melanoma F10 cell

24 well

well

10

4

cell

분주하였다

. 17

시간

cell

착을확인한후배지를걷어내고각농도별로배지에녹여조 제한생강나무잎 추출물

1.0, 5.0, 10, 50

µ

g/m

l을각

well

1 m

l씩분주하였다

. 72

시간동안

CO

2

incubator

에서배양한

배지를걷어내고

PBS 2 m

l로

2

세척하였다

.

세척

1 M tris- HCl

이 포함된

lysis buffer

를 이용하여

cell

lysis

시키고

×

10,000 g

에서

5

동안원심분리하였다

.

상층액의

protein

을측정하고 농도는

lysis buffer

맞춰준다

.

상층액

90

µl와

10 mM dihydroxyphenylalanine(DOPA)

용액

10

µl를섞어

37

o

C

에서

20

동안방치시킨

470nm

에서흡광도를측정하였다

.

24,25)

Total melanin content

B16 melanoma F10 cell

24 well

well

10

4

cell

씩분주하였다

. 17

시간후

cell

의부착을 확인한후배지를걷어내고각농도별로배지에녹여조제한생 강나무잎추출물

1.0, 5.0, 10, 50

µ

g/m

l을각

well

1 m

l씩분 주하였다

. 72

시간동안

CO

2

incubator

에서배양한후배지를걷 어내고

PBS 2 m

l로

2

세척하였다

.

세척

1 N NaOH

well

500

µl씩넣고

37

o

C

에서

20

분간방치한후

tube

에옮겨

99

o

C

에서

30

분간세포를파괴하였다

.

용액을

96 well

200

µl씩

분주한후

470 nm

에서흡광도를측정하였다

.

표준용액을제조하

470 nm

에서의흡광도를이용하여

standard curve

를구하고 이로부터농도를계산하였다

.

자료분석및통계처리 − 모든실험결과는평균±표준편차로표 기하였고

,

통계적유의성은

Student's

t

-test

분석하였으며

,

p값

0.01

미만일때통계적으로유의하다고판단하였다

.

실험결과 및 고찰

생강나무잎과가지

/

줄기추출물의항산화활성

DPPH radical

소거활성에의한항산화효능검색 − 생강나무

여러부위별

(

,

가지

/

줄기

)

추출물의

DPPH radical

소거능은잎 의경우

5.0~1000

µ

g/m

l에서농도의존적인경향을나타냈으며

,

가지

/

줄기혼합추출물의경우

0.5~500

µ

g/m

l에서농도의존적 인경향을나타냈다

.

추출물

1000

µ

g/m

l

(84%),

가지

/

줄기

출물

500

µ

g/m

l

(87%)

에서나타나는소거능은

,

생강나무추출물

이가지는고유의짙은색으로인해높은농도에서의흡광도값 이일정하지못하여항산화검색에간섭을최소화할수있는농 도범위에서검색한결과이다

(Fig. 1). IC

50은

Vit C

7.47

µ

g/

m

l

,

잎은

243.14

µ

g/m

l이며

,

가지

/

줄기는

181.10

µ

g/m

l이다

. Superoxide radical(Enzymatic system : xanthine- xanthine oxidase)

소거활성에의한항산화효능검색 − 효소적

superoxide radical

생성계인

xanthine-xanthine

계에서의

super- oxide radical

소거능은

Fig. 2

에서 보는 바와같이잎의경우

50

µ

g/m

l에서농도의존적으로소거되는경향을나타냈으며

,

/

줄기혼합추출물의경우

10

µ

g/m

l에서농도의존적으로소거 되는경향을보였다

. IC

50은

allopurinol

68

µ

g/m

l

,

잎은

35.47

µ

g/m

l이며

,

가지

/

줄기는

>100

µ

g/m

l이었다

.

Superoxide radical(Non-enzymatic system : NADH- PMS)

소거활성에의한항산화효능검색 − 비효소적

superoxide radical

생성계인

NADH/PMS

에서의

superoxide radical

소거능

은잎의경우

1~500

µ

g/m

l에서농도의존적으로소거되는경향

Fig. 1 −

DPPH radical scavenging activity of Lindera obtusiloba BL.

extract. Values are mean±SD (n=3), **p<0.01 vs positive

CTL.

(4)

을나타냈으며

,

가지

/

줄기혼합추출물의경우

1~1,500

µ

g/m

l에

서농도의존적으로소거되는경향을보였다

(Fig. 3). IC

50은

Vit C

3.42

µ

g/m

l

,

잎은

165.77

µ

g/m

l이며

,

가지

/

줄기는

>1500

µ

g/

m

l이다

.

Hydroxyl radical

소거활성에의한항산화효능검색 − 생강

나무잎추출물의

hydroxyl radical

소거능은생강나무추출

물에서만확인할수있었다

. Fig. 4

에서보는바와같이추출

1.0~1.5 mg/m

l범위에서농도의존적으로소거하였으며

,

그 효과는잎추출물의

IC

50수치가

1.21 mg/m

l로

hydroxyl radical

소거제인

mannitol

IC

50수치

0.159 mg/m

l과비교했을

10

배정도의활성산소소거능차이를가짐을알수있었다

.

생강나무잎추출물의미백효과

Cell viability

− 세포에서의미백효과확인은위의항산화

성결과를바탕으로잎추출물에서만확인하였다

.

생강나무 출물의세포독성은추출물의경우

100

µ

g/m

l의농도이상에

서독성이있음을확인하였다

(Fig. 5).

후의

tyrosinase activity

Fig. 2 −

Superoxide radical scavenging activity (enzymatic system) of Lindera obtusiloba BL. extract. Values are mean±SD (n=3), **p<0.01 vs positive CTL.

Fig. 3

- Superoxide radical scavenging activity (nonenzymatic system) of Lindera obtusiloba BL. extract. Values are mean±SD (n=3), **p<0.01 vs positive CTL.

Fig. 6 −

Tyrosinase inhibition activity of Lindera obtusiloba BL. leaf extract on B16 melanoma F10.

Fig. 4 −

Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of Lindera obtusiloba BL. extract. Values are mean±SD (n=3), **p<0.01 vs positive CTL.

Fig. 5 −

Cytotoxicity of Lindera obtusiloba BL. leaf extract on B16

melanoma F10. Values are mean±SD (n=3), **p<0.01 vs

CTL.

(5)

melanin content

측정실험은독성이나타나지않은

1, 5, 10, 50

µ

g/m

l의농도범위안에서실시하였다

.

Tyrosinase activity inhibition

− 세포독성이나타나지않는

1, 5, 10, 50

µ

g/m

l농도범위에서

tyrosinase

활성저해율은각 각

9.8, 14.3, 17.3, 45.2%

보였다

(Fig. 6).

이로부터생강나무

잎추출물의

melanin

생성억제가능성이있음을확인있었다

.

Melanin synthesis inhibition

B16 melanoma F10

total melanin content

추출물농도

50

µ

g/m

l에서

22%

감소하였

(Fig. 7).

이는

Fig. 5

의결과와종합하여볼때세포의증식을 억제하지않는범위에서세포내

total melanin content

22%

감소한것으로생강나무의미백능을확인할수있다

.

결 론

생강나무잎추출물과가지

/

줄기추출물의항산화효과는

/

줄기추출물보다는잎추출물에서높은항산화활성을관찰 할수있었다

.

이러한결과를바탕으로세포에서추출물을

도별로처리하여

tyrosinase activity

melanin content

를본 결과미백효과가있음을검증할수있었다

.

생강나무추출물특 히잎추출물은항산화능력에비해미백효과가더강하게나타 나새로운미백소재로서개발가능성이충분할것으로확인할 수있었다

.

감사의 말씀

본연구는농림수산식품부농림기술관리센터농림기술개발사

업과제

(20060411)

의연구비에의해지원되었습니다

.

참고문헌

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extract on B16 melanoma F10. Values are mean±SD

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수치

Fig. 1 − DPPH radical scavenging activity of Lindera obtusiloba BL.
Fig. 5 − Cytotoxicity of Lindera obtusiloba BL. leaf extract on B16 melanoma F10. Values are mean±SD (n=3), **p&lt;0.01 vs CTL.
Fig. 7 − Antimelanogenesis effect of Lindera obtusiloba BL. leaf extract on B16 melanoma F10

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