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Detection and Genetic Differentiation of Megalocytiviruses in Shellfish, via High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis

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Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(3),241-246,2014

한수지 47(3), 241-246, 2014

Original Article

241

Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science pISSN:0374-8111, eISSN:2287-8815

서 론

참돔이리도바이러스병

(RSIVD, red seabream iridovirus dis- ease)

1990

일본시코쿠지역의참돔양식장에서처음

,

매년발병지역의확산되고있다

(Inouye et al., 1992).

원인체가 되는

Megalocytiviruses

major capsid protein (MCP) gene, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) gene

등을 용한계통적분석에의해

4

개의

subgroup

으로분류되고있다

(Imajoh et al., 2007). Subgroup 1

RSIV

포함하고있으며

, subgroup 2

우리나라의주요병원체로서돌돔

(Oplegnathus fasciatus)

등에매년대량폐사를유도하는

rock bream irido- virus (RBIV)

포함한다

. Subgroup 3

중국의담수식용어인

mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)

에서분리된

infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV)

대표적이며

, subgroup

4

최근넙치

(Paralichthys olivaceus)

터봇

(Scophthalmus maximus)

에서 분리된

flounder iridovirus (FLIV)

turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV)

포함하고 있다

.

이러한

subgroup

최근까지국내의어류양식장에서는

subgroup 2

4

의한질병의발생만이보고되어있다

(Do et al., 2005;

Oh et al., 2006; Jeong et al., 2003).

패류는여과섭식

(filter-feeding)

통해먹이섭취를하는

norovirus

등의

human enteric virus

뿐만아니라

marine birnavirus (MABV), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

수생동물에영향을있는바이러스들이중장선

(diges- tive gland)

축적되어존재하는것이보고되고있다

(Atmar et al., 1995; Gerba et al., 1978; Goyal et al., 1979; Suzuki and Nojima, 1999; Vazquez-Boucard et al., 2010).

특히

Megalo-

cytivirus

국내에서매년주기적으로발병하고있으나최근

HRM 분석법을 이용한 패류 내 Megalocytiviruses의 검출과 유전적 분석

김광일·진지웅

1

·김영철

1

·정현도

1

*

국립수산과학원 수산생물방역과, 1부경대학교 수산생명의학과

Detection and Genetic Differentiation of Megalocytiviruses in Shellfish, via High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Analysis

Kwang Il Kim, Ji Woong Jin

1

, Young Chul Kim

1

and Hyun Do Jeong

1

*

Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan 619-902, Korea

1

Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea

Viruses in the genus Megalocytivirus have been subdivided into four subgroups. Among these subgroups 2 and 4, represented by the red sea bream iridovirus (RBIV) and the olive flounder iridovirus (FLIV), respectively, are non- exotic. subgroups 1 and 3, represented by the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) and the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), respectively, have not been detected in Korea and are known as exotic. Shellfish are filter- feeders, and can thus filter and accumulate Megalocytivirus in their digestive glands, allowing us to track viral con- tamination in surrounding aquatic environment. In this study, we developed a high-resolution melting (HRM) analy- sis to differentiate among subgroups of Megalocytivirus accumulated in shellfish, and confirmed the convenience and efficiency of this method. More than two subgroups of Megalocytivirus were found in the digestive gland of a single shellfish. We classified all Megalocytivirus viruses from shellfish in Korea into subgroups 2 and 4, although proportions of subgroups were different among regions. Compared to nucleotide sequencing analysis, HRM analysis is a simple and rapid method for differentiating of Megalocytivirus subgroups.

Key words: Megalocytivirus, Differentiation , 2-step PCR, High-resolution melting, Shellfish

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2014.0241 Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(3) 241-246, June 2014

Received 21 April 2014; Revised 27 May 2014; Accepted 16 June 2014

*Corresponding author: Tel: +82.51.629.5941 Fax: +82. 51. 629. 5938

E-mail address: [email protected]

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에야국내에서식하는패류내로의축적분석방법에대한 근이겨우이루어지고있는실정이다

(Kim et al., 2011).

더구나 현재까지패류내에축적된

Megalocytivirus

유전적분류에 대한신속한분석방법이마련되지않고있어보다정밀한패류 바이러스의위험성에대한유전적정보가충분히이루어 않고있다

.

현재

PCR

방법과함께자주사용되고 있는

high-resolution melting (HRM)

기법은

PCR

수행

intercalating fluorescent dye

첨가하여

PCR

과정에서생성되는

amplicon

결합시키

,

이후온도상승을줌으로써

target

부위의염기서열에따라 각기다른형태로나타나는

fluorescence signal

변화특성 분석하는방법이다

(Kristensen and Dobrovic, 2008; Tajiri- Utagawa et al., 2008; Wittwer et al., 2003).

따라서

HRM

기법 적용은

PCR target

부위에서의

variation

보다빠르고 쉽게구별함으로써패류내에축적된

Megalocytivirus

진단

함께

subgroup

까지의유전적특성을분별확인을가능하게

하여어류질병발생과패류축적원인체간의상관관계를 확립있게한다

.

연구에서는

Megalocytivirus

패류중장선에의축적을 하고

,

이들바이러스의유전적분류를위하여

, MCP

유전자

부위에서나타나는유전적변이특성에대해

HRM

기법을

용하여

subgroup

확인하는기법을확립하고국내발생

RSIV

질병원인체에대한유전적의미를보고하고자한다

.

재료 및 방법

실험재료

실험에사용된굴은

2010

3

진하

(

동해지역

)

2011

3

고성

(

남해지역

)

에서채취한

(Crassostrea gigas)

그리고

2011

9

서산

(

서해지역

)

에서바지락

(Tapes philippinarum)

채취하였다

.

채취한각각의패류로부터중장선을각각분리 하여

-70℃

보관하면서사용하였다

.

바이러스

2000

9

월에 남해안 양식장에서

Megalocytivirus

감염 돌돔비장에서 분리한

IVS strain (subgroup 2, Jeong et al., 2003, GenBank accession numbers for ATPase gene : AF487899)

2004

국내로수입되는관상어

Megalocyti- virus

감염된

pearl gourami (Trichogaster leeri)

비장에서

분리한

PGIV-K1 strain (subgroup 3, Jeong et al., 2008)

주세포인

GF

세포

(ATCC CCL-58)

접종하여배양하였다

.

양방법으로

70-80%

배양된단일층의

GF

세포에감염비장 마쇄액

200 μL (10 mg/mL)

접종하여

25℃

에서배양하는 방법을사용하였다

. 2-3

배양한

cytopathic effect (CPE)

일어나부착된세포가떨어지면

15 mL tube

회수하여 동과해동의과정을

3

번씩수행한

1,500 × g

에서

10

분간 분리하여상징액

1 mL

분주하여서

-70℃

보관하여 용하였다

.

그리고

2010

11

포항넙치양식장에서

Mega- locytivirus

감염된넙치의비장으로부터분리된

FLIV strain (subgroup 4)

-70℃

보관하여사용하였다

.

DNA의 추출

패류의중장선

50 mg

또는배양된바이러스상등액

200 μL

부터

AccuPrep

®

Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (Bioneer, Ko- rea)

사용하여제조사의

protocol

따라서

DNA

분리하여

50 μL

TE buffer

현탁하였다

.

분리된

DNA

분광광도

(Eppendorf

®

BioPhotometer)

사용하여 흡광도측정으로

A260/A280 nm

값을구하여

DNA

양을측정하였으며실험 까지

-20℃

에서보관하였다

.

2-step PCR

추출한

DNA

template

사용하여

1-step PCR (Applied Biosystems

®

2720 Thermal Cycler)

아래와같은방법으로 실시하였다

. 10× PCR buffer 2 μL, 200 μM

각각의

dNTP, 1 μM

sense primer

1 μM

antisense primer (Table 1), Taq DNA polymerase (G-Taq DNA polymerase, Cosmogentech, Korea)

template 1 μL

첨가한증류수로최종액의

vol- ume

20 μL

되도록했다

. PCR

혼합물은

94℃

에서

3

분간

pre-denaturation

시킨

, 94℃

에서

30

denaturation, 55℃

에서

30

annealing, 72℃

에서

30

extension

반응을

35 cycle

수행

72℃

에서

7

분간

post-extension

시켰다

. 2-step PCR amplification

1-step PCR product 1 μL

template

사용하여위와동일한방법으로실시하였다

.

PCR

증폭산물은

0.5 μg/μL EtBr (Ethidium Bromide)

첨가된

2% agarose gel

이용하고

, 1×TAE buffer (40 mM Tris-acetate, 1 mM EDTA)

전기영동을위한완충액으로 전기영동을실시하였다

. UV

검출기에서나타나는

band

관찰하여증폭여부를확인하였다

.

Table 1. Primers information used in this study

Primers Sequence (5’->3’) Object Product size (bp) Reference

M1F GCTGCGCATGCCAATCATCT

1-step PCR 401 Kim et al., 2011

M1R ATGCGATGGAGACCCACTTG

MeHRMF GGCGGCGACAATGCCGTG

2-step PCR & HRM 280 This study

MeHRMR CCACCAGGTCGTTAAATGA

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HRM분석법을 이용한 Megalocytivirus의 유전적 분석

243

Cloning 및 Plasmid 분리

지역에서가장뚜렷한

2-step PCR

양성을보이는시료를 하나씩택하여

amplicon (280 bp)

GeneAll

®

Expin Gel SV kit (GeneAll Biotechnology, Korea)

사용하여정제하였으

,

정제된

DNA

pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, USA)

ligation

E. coli DH5α

균주에

transformation

시켰다

. Am- picillin (50 μg/mL)

X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β- D-galactopyranoside, Sigma, USA; 40 μg/mL)

첨가된

LB (Luria-Bertani, Difco, USA)

평판배지에서 증식된

colonies (clones)

무작위로선택하여

LB broth

접종

37℃

에서

24

시간 배양하였다

.

배양액으로부터

GeneAll

®

Plasmid SV Mini kit (GeneAll Biotechnology, Korea)

이용하여

plasmid DNA

분리하였으며이를

HRM

분석에사용하였다

. HRM 분석기법을 이용한 Megalocytivirus의 sub- group 분석

Megalocytivirus

sub-typing

사용된표준검정시료는 양된 바이러스

(subgroup 2, IVS; subgroup 3, PGIV-K1)

FLIV (subgroup 4)

감염넙치의비장으로부터추출된

DNA

사용하였다

.

그리고

Megalocytivirus

양성패류의중장선으로 부터직접추출한

DNA

또는

2-step PCR

생성물로부터

cloning

하여분리된

plasmid DNA

HRM template

사용하였다

.

HRM

시행하기위한반응액에는

10×buffer 2 μL, 200 μM

각각의

dNTP, 1 μM

forward

reverse primer, EvaGreen (Bioyium, Korea) 1 μL, Hot start Taq (HS prime Taq DNA polymerase, Genet Bio, Korea)

template 1 μL

첨가 류수로최종액의

volume

20 μL

되도록했다

. HRM

분석

Rotor-Gene

TM

6000 (Qiagen, Germany)

사용하였고아래 같은방법으로실시하였다

.

먼저

95℃

에서

5

분간

pre-denaturation

시킨

, 95℃

에서

10

denaturation, 56℃

에서

10

annealing, 72℃

에서

15

extension

반응을

45 cycle

수행하였다

. 45 cycle

끝난

80-90℃

에서

0.1℃/s

속도로온도를증가시키며

Tm (melt- ing temperature)

값을측정하였다

.

결 과

패류 중장선 내 Megalocytivirus의 검출

채집된패류개체별로

(18

개체

)

분리된

DNA

template

하여

Megalocytivirus

대해

PCR

수행하였을

1-step PCR (35 cycles)

에서 모두 음성의 결과를 보였으나

, 2-step PCR (35 cycles)

수행진하시료에서

50.0%,

고성 료에서

38.9%,

서산바지락시료에서

39.0%

시료에서

280 bp

amplicon

생성하는양성률을보여지역간의뚜렷한 이는나타나지않았다

.

HRM 분석 기법의 최적화

HRM

분석기법의최적화를실시하기위해서

Megalocytivi- rus

subgroup 2 (IVS), subgroup 3 (PGIV-K1)

그리고

sub-

group 4 (FLIV)

각각에해당하는표준검정시료를대상으로

HRM

실시하였다

.

현재

subgroup 1

우리나라

,

일본중국 에서도발견되지않으며또한새롭게제시되고있는현재의 체계에서는

subgroup 2

포함하는경우가많으므로여기서 따로구별하여분석을실시하지않았다

HRM

수행한결과

, Megalocytivirus

subgroup

별로

Tm

값이

IVS

경우

87.35℃, PGIV-K1

경우

88.13℃, FLIV

경우

87.90℃

차이가나타났으며

,

증폭된산물의염기서열 차이에따라서감소하는형광값이차이가났다

.

그리고감소 하는형광값을

normalized fluorescence

변환하였을

sub- group

별로구별이가능하였다

(Fig. 1).

HRM을 활용한 패류 내 존재하는 Megalocytivirus의 subgroup분석

Megalocytivirus

양성개체로부터분리된

DNA

직접

tem- plate

으로하여

HRM

수행할경우

PCR

증폭이이루어지지 않아

melting-curve

분석을없었다

.

하지만

2-step PCR

생성물로부터

cloning

하여분리된

plasmid DNA

template

하여

HRM

실시하였을 표준양성시료와동일한

Tm

값을확인할있었으며

subgroup

분석이가능하였다

. HRM

수행한모든양성시료에서

Megalocytivirus subgroup 2

subgroup 4

존재하고있음을확인있었으며

,

나타난

subgroup

들의비율은시료별로차이가나고있었다

. 2010

3

진하내의

Megalocytiviruses (JHOy1003)

경우분석

6

개의

clones

5

개가

subgroup 4, 1

개가

subgroup 2

하는것으로나타났으며

, 2011

3

고성내의

Megalocy- tiviruses (GSOy1103)

경우분석된

5

개의

clones

2

개가

subgroup 4

, 3

개가

subgroup 2

나타났다

.

그리고

2011

9

서산바지락내의

Megalocytiviruses (SSC1109)

경우 석된

7

개의

clones

1

개가

subgroup 4, 6

개가

subgroup 2

속하는것으로나타났다

(Fig. 2, Table 2).

또한

, HRM

분석에 사용된

plasmid DNA

염기서열분석을통해

subgroup

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 deg.

84.6

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 deg.

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 deg.

100 80 60 40

20

Normalised Fluorescence 84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 89.8

deg.

Fig. 1. Genetic differentiation of the reference Megalocytiviruses using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis.

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김광일

진지웅

김영철

정현도

244

인한결과

HRM

결과와일치하고있음을있었으며

,

Megalocytiviruses

에서는동일

subgroup

내에서의유전적

variation

매우제한적으로일어나고있음을확인있었

(Fig. 3).

고 찰

패류의여과섭식을통한먹이섭취과정축적된

norovirus

등의

human enteric virus

대한분석방법은많은연구에 보고되고있으며

,

수생동물에영향을있는바이러스

MABV, WSSV

패류조직내에서의축적도보고되고

(Atmar et al., 1995; Gerba et al., 1978; Goyal et al., 1979;

Suzuki and Nojima, 1999; Vazquez-Boucard et al., 2010).

Megalocytivirus

패류축적은추출방법론적인부분만 이루어져있고정확한감염의생태적상황

,

그리고병원체에 빠르고신속한새로운유전적비교방법에대한결과는아직 미진상태에있다

(Kim et al., 2011).

현재까지감염어류를대상으로하여국내에서보고된

Mega-

locytivirus

subgroup

돌돔등의돔류에서보고된

subgroup 2

넙치

,

터봇에서 보고된

subgroup 4

종류이며 아직

subgroup 1

subgroup 3

보고되지않고있다

.

따라서

feeding-activity

가지는패류에오염된

Megalocy-

tivirus

유전적특성규명은주변수권에서의질병발생과의

연관관계추적어류양식산업에있어서바이러스의 험성재고측면에서매우의미있는정보라고있을것이

.

다만여기서명확히하여야것은현재는

subgroup 2

subgroup 1

포함한다는분류가일반적으로받아들여지고

으며

(Kurita and Nakajima, 2012),

또한현재까지

,

,

일의 최근

10

년간의보고에서

subgroup 1

대한질병보고가 었으며

(Imajoh et al., 2007) subgroup 1

subgroup 2

구별 의미를부여하기어려우므로연구에서

subgroup 1

subgroup 3

나누어논하고있는

Megalocytivirus

실질적 측면에서는새로운개념으로받아들여지고있는

subgroup 3

라는하나의의미로이해되는것도가능것으로추정된다

.

일반적으로패류의중장선에축적된바이러스

particles

수는 감염어류에비해적고또한유전적으로 유사한다양한

sub- group

Megalocytivirus strains

축적될있기때문에특이 적인

primer

사용한

PCR

에서나타난

amplicon

분석하는 (B) Subgroups of Megalocytiviruses detected in Oysters in Gos- eong (GSOy1103)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 deg.

84.6

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 deg.

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 deg.

60 40

20

Normalised Fluorescence 84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 89.8

deg.

(A) Subgroups of Megalocytiviruses detected in Oysters in Jinha (JHOy1003)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 deg.

84.6

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 deg.

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 deg.

40

20

Normalised Fluorescence 84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 89.8

deg.

(C) Subgroups of Megalocytiviruses detected in Clams in Seosan (SSC1109)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 deg.

84.6

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 deg.

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Normalised Fluorescence

84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 deg.

80 60 40

20

Normalised Fluorescence 84.8 85.0 85.2 85.4 85.6 85.8 86.0 86.2 86.4 86.6 86.8 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.6 87.8 88.0 88.2 88.4 88.6 88.8 89.0 89.2 89.4 89.6 89.8

deg.

Fig. 2. Differentiation of the Megalocytivirus subgroups using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Amplicons of the MCP gene of Megalocytiviruses in 2-step PCR from shellfish were cloned. Each purified plasmid from 5~7 separated colonies grown on a single cloning plate were used for HRM analysis.

Table 2. Distribution of subgroups in Megalocytivirus obtained from shellfish based on differentiation by high-resolution melting analysis.

Name Location Subgroup 2 Subgroup 3 Subgroup 4 JHOy1003 Eastern sea(Jinha) 1/6 0/6 5/6

GSOy1103 Southern

(Gosung)sea 3/5 0/5 2/5

SSC1109 Western

(Seosan)sea 6/7 0/7 1/7

(5)

HRM분석법을 이용한 Megalocytivirus의 유전적 분석

245

것은

virus

다양성분석에는충분한의미를부여하지못한

.

그러므로다양한

viral strains

모두에서나타나는

conserved genomic region

대한

primer

사용한

PCR

실시 성된

amplicon

유전적특성또는

variation

분석하면

detec- tion

strains

모두를분석있는것과같은의미를지니는 빠르고간편한방법의활용이필요하다

.

HRM

PCR

증폭산물로부터

target

되는유전자의 전적 다양성을 신속하고 효율적으로 확인할 있는기술로

mutant

variation

부위를 확인할 있다

(Kristensen and Dobrovic, 2008; Tajiri-Utagawa et al., 2008; Wittwer et al., 2003).

따라서연구에서는

Megalocytivirus

MCP gene

target

으로

HRM

기법을사용하여패류내에축적된

Mega- locytivirus

subgroup

분석을유전자염기배열분석없이 보다빠르고

,

간단하며

,

편리하게실시하고자하였다

.

일반적으로패류에축적된바이러스는양적 문제뿐만아니 다른 유전자형의 바이러스가동시에 존재하기 때문에

DNA

주형으로

PCR amplicon

대한

HRM

직접 적인적용은힘들다

.

따라서연구에서는

4

종의

subgroup

MCP

유전자부위에서

conserved region

target

으로새로

primer

제작하고이를사용하여

2-step PCR

실시

결과물로나타난

amplicon

pGEM-T Easy vector

cloning

하였다

.

나타난

clones

무작위로선별하여

plasmid

분리한

cloned MCP gene

대한

PCR amplicon

variation

대한

HRM

분석을실시하여

subgroup

확인하였다

.

결과

,

모든 양성시료에는

subgroup 2

subgroup 4

함께존재하고있는 것을확인할있었다

.

그러나

subgroup 1

subgroup 3

출되지않아아직까지의국내발병사례에서가지

type

의한사례가보고된없다는결과와일치함을있었다

.

연구에서비록

subgroup 1

대한

HRM

따로실시하지 않았으나

gene sequence analysis

에서

subgroup 1

분류 있는

clones

없었다

(Fig. 3).

그러므로우리나라의수권은 우리나라양식현장에서나타나는

subgroup 2

subgroup 4

가지

types

노출되어있으며

,

아직

subgroup 1

subgroup 3

우리나라양식현장의수권에서비상존성바이러스

(ex- otic species)

으로분류있음을확인있었다

.

향후 수산물의검역에서이에대한보다정밀한분석이항상이루 어져새로운

subgroup

국내유입방지책이있어야것이다

.

더욱흥미로운 것은시료를 채취한지역별로 나타난

sub-

group

들의비율이차이가있다는것이었다

. JHOy1003

로부터

2-step PCR amplicon-clones

중에는

subgroup 4

83.3%

Fig. 3. Nucleotide sequence alignment of the MCP genes of Megalocytiviruses in shellfish. Each cloned plasmid was purified from colonies on plate used for cloning of MCP gene amplicons in 2-step PCR and used for determination of nucleotide sequence.

(6)

비율로나타났고

, SSC1109

부터의

2-step PCR amplicon- clones

중에는

subgroup 2

85.7%

비율을차지하고 있어 동해지역

(

진하

)

subgroup 4,

서해지역

(

서산

)

subgroup 2

각각우점적임을확인있었다

.

그리고

GSOy1103

터의

2-step PCR amplicon-clones

중에는

subgroup 2

60%, subgroup 4

40%

나타나남해지역

(

고성

)

subgroup 2

subgroup 4

서로유사한비율로나타나고있음을확인할

있었다

.

이러한결과는주변양식환경에따라넙치양식이주를

이루고있는동해지역의경우넙치에감염되는

FLIV

굴에

축적되어서나타난다고생각되어지며또한동해지역과는 남해지역과서해지역의경우넙치양식뿐만아니라돌돔 양식을포함하여다양한어종의양식이이루어지고있으므로

subgroup 2

subgroup 4

속하는바이러스가매년어류에서 발생하여수권으로유출되어패류내로축적되고있는것으로 확인되어졌다

.

기법적으로보면염기서열분석결과와연구

HRM

결과와비교하였을결정

subgroup

들은서로 일한결과를보였으며

(Fig. 3),

이러한결과를통하여

Megalo- cytivirus

subgroup

분석에있어서

HRM

분석기법이기존의 염기서열분석법보다신속하고효율적임을확인있었다

.

결론적으로 국내에 서식하고 있는 패류의 중장선 내에서

Megalocytivirus

오염존재의확인과함께

subgroup

결정 위한

HRM

분석방법을제안할있었으며

, Megalocytivi- rus

양성패류의중장선내에는

subgroup 2, subgroup 4

존재 하고있음을확인있었다

.

향후패류어류감염바이

러스의진단유전적분석을위하여연구의

HRM

기법의

응용은단계진보된기법임을확인하였다

.

사 사

논문은부경대학교자율창의학술연구비

(2013

)

지원 의해연구되었습니다

.

References

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tmar RL, Neill FH, Romalde JL, Le Guyader F, Woodley CM, Metcalf TG and Estes MK. 1995. Detection of Norwalk vi- rus and hepatitis A viruses in shellfish tissues with the PCR.

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Gerba CP and Goyal SM. 1978. Detection and occurrence of en- teric viruses in shellfish: A review. J Food Prot 41, 743-754.

Goyal SM, Gerba CP and Melnick JL. 1979. Human enterovi- ruses in oysters and their overlying waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 37, 572-575.

Inouye K, Yamano K, Maeno Y, Nakajima K, Matsuoka M, Wada Y and Sorimachi M. 1992. Iridovirus infection of cul- tured red sea bream, Pagrus major. Fish Pathol 27, 19-27.

Imajoh M, Ikawa T and Oshima SI. 2007. Characterization of a new fibroblast cell line from a tail fin of red sea bream,

Pagrus major, and phylogenetic relationships of a recent

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Jeong JB, Jun LJ, Yoo MH, Kim MS, Komisar JL and Jeong HD. 2003. Characterization of the DNA nucleotide sequenc- es in the genome of red sea bream iridoviruses isolated in Korea. Aquaculture 220, 119-133.

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org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2531.

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수치

Table 1. Primers information used in this study
Fig. 1. Genetic differentiation of the reference Megalocytiviruses  using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis
Table 2. Distribution of subgroups in Megalocytivirus obtained  from shellfish based on differentiation by high-resolution melting  analysis.
Fig. 3. Nucleotide sequence alignment of the MCP genes of Megalocytiviruses in shellfish

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