A New and Two Newly Recorded Species of Theridiidae and Dictynidae (Araneae) from Korea

Korean J. Environ. Biol. 33(2) : 105~111(2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2015.33.2.105

INTRODUCTION

The dictynid spider genus Lathys comprises 45 species known from Holarctic and Oriental regions (World Spider Catalog 2015). A total four species of the genus have been recorded in Korea: L. dihamata Paik, 1979, L. sexoculata Seo and Sohn, 1984, L. maculosa (Karsch, 1879) and L. stig­

matisata (Menge, 1869) (Namkung et al. 2009; Paik 1978).

The theridiid spiders genera Robertus and Theridion cons­

ist of 45 and 590 species described around the world (World Spider Catalog 2015). One Robertus and seven Theridion species have been recorded in Korea (Namkung et al. 2009):

R. naejangensis Seo, 2005, T. longipalpum Zhu, 1998, T.

longipili Seo, 2004, T. palgongense Paik, 1996, T. pictum (Walckenaer, 1802), T. pinastri Koch, 1872, T. submirabile Zhu and Song, 1993 and T. taegense Paik, 1996.

While studying specimens collected during the Korean indigenous species survey, the author identified a new spe­

cies, Robertus subtilis n. sp., and two species new to Korea, Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, 1993 and Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906, and reported these species with habitus photos and illustrations in the present paper.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Specimens were examined and measured using a stereo­

microscope (Leica S8APO, Singapore). Photographs were taken with a digital camera (Leica DFC 420) and the images were combined using image stacking software (i­Solution, Future Science Co. Ltd., Taejeon, Korea).

The abbreviations in the text follow Seo (2014a, b): Soma­

tic morphology ­ c, carapace length; l, length; w, width. Leg I, length of leg I; Fem. I, length of femur I; Pat. I, length of patella; Tib. I, length of tibia I; Met. I, length of metatarsus I; Tar. I, length of tarsus I; Fem I l/d, femur I length divid­

ed by femur I diameter. The sequence of leg segments in mea surement data is as follows: total (femur, patella, tibia, meta tarsus, tarsus). Eye area ­ AER, anterior eye row; ALE, ant erior lateral eye; ALE­PLE, distance between ALE and PLE; AME, anterior median eye; AME­ALE, distance bet­

ween AME and ALE; AME­AME, distance between AMEs;

AME­PME, distance between AME and PME; PER, pos­

terior eye row; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye; PME­PLE, distance between PME and PLE;

PME­PME, distance between PMEs.

All measurements in the text are given in millimeters.

The examined specimens are deposited in the National Ins­

titute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Ministry of Environ­

ment, Korea.

* Corresponding author: Bo Keun Seo, Tel. 053­580­5209, Fax. 053­580­5558, E­mail. [email protected]

ⓒ2015. Korean Society of Environmental Biology.

A New and Two Newly Recorded Species of Theridiidae and Dictynidae (Araneae) from Korea

Bo Keun Seo*

Department of Biology, Keimyung University, Daegu 704­701, Korea

Abstract - A new species of the genus Robertus Pickard-Cambridge, Robertus subtilis n. sp. is described from Mt. Odae in Gangwon Province, Korea. Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, 1993 and Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906 are reported for the first time in Korea.

Habitus photos and illustrations of these three species are provided.

Key words: Korea, Lathys annulata, new species, Robertus subtilis, Theridion serpatusum

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Order Araneae Clerck, 1757

Family Dictynidae Pickard­Cambridge, 1871

Genus Lathys Simon, 1884



Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand,

1906

(

)

(Fig.

1)

Synonyms: Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906:

110; Ono, 2003: 11; Ono and Ogata, 2009: 134.

Material examined: 1♂, trekking trail (34˚47′46″N, 128˚

28′40″E, alt. 82 m), 330 m northeast of Jeseungdang on Isl.

Hansan, Hansan­myeon, Tongyeong­si, Gyeongsangnam­

do, 12 May 2013, B. K. Seo.

Diagnosis: The male of L. annulata is very similar to that of L. maculosa in the abdominal pattern and the terminal part of palp conductor. However, the former can be easily distinguished from the latter by the twice twisted tip of ter­

minal part of conductor and the dorsal tibial apophysis pro­

truded dorsally (Fig. 1D, G).

Description: Male. Total length 2.60. Habitus as in Fig.

1A. Carapace 1.30 long, 0.95 wide, brown with radiated stripes; cervical groove distinct; clypeus height 1.3 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.46, PER 0.51; AER retrocurved slightly and PER straight in dorsal view. AME 0.05, ALE 0.12, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10, AME­AME 0.05, AME­ALE 0.05, PME­PME 0.09, PME­PLE 0.07, AME­PME 0.08, and ALE­PLE contiguous. Median ocular quadrangle, pos­

terior side

height

anterior side (20 : 18 : 13). Chelicera with two promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Ster­

num 0.69 long, 0.65 wide. Labium 0.20 long, 0.23 wide.

Leg measurements: I 4.34 (1.20, 0.43, 1.10, 1.08, 0.53), II 3.36 (1.00, 0.35, 0.78, 0.80, 0.43), III 2.42 (0.73, 0.28, 0.48, 0.58, 0.35), IV 2.91 (0.85, 0.30, 0.65, 0.73, 0.38). Fem. I l/

w 4.80. Tib. I l/w 7.33. Leg I/c 3.34. Fem. I/c 0.92. Tib I/

c 0.85. Met I/c 0.83. Pat. I+tib. I/c 1.18. Met. I/tar. I 2.04.

Met. IV/tar. IV 1.92. Abdomen 1.35 long, 1.10 wide, and oval; dorsum brown with five chevron patterns medially.

Palpal organ (Fig. 1B­G); tibia with a retrolateral and a dor­

sal apophysis that grip the terminal part of conductor; tip of terminal part of conductor twisted twice; fine embolus whirled clockwise.

Habitat: Grassland around trekking trail.

World Distribution: Japan, Korea (Gyeongsangnam­do).

Deposition: NIBRIV0000321391.

Identifer: Bo Keun Seo.

Lathys dihamata Paik,

1979

Synonyms: Lathys dihamata Paik, 1979: 424.

Lathys sexoculata Seo and Sohn,

1984

Synonyms: Lathys sexoculata Seo and Sohn, 1984: 114.

Lathys maculosa (Karsch,

1879)

Synonyms: Dictyna maculosa Karsch, 1879: 96.

Lathys humilis Paik, 1978: 185 (f, misidentified).

Lathys stigmatisata (Menge,

1869)

Synonyms: Lethia stigmatisata Menge, 1869: 250.

Lathys stigmatisata Namkung, 2003: 385.

Family Theridiidae Sundevall,1833

Genus Robertus Pickard­Cambridge, 1879

Robertus naejangensis Seo,

2005

Synonyms: Robertus naejangensis Seo, 2005: 121.

Robertus subtilis sp.

nov.

(

)

(Fig.

2)

Material examined: Holotype: ♂, riverside near Dongsan bridge around Weoljeong Temple in Mt. Odae (37˚42′29″N, 128˚35′49″E, alt. 390 m), Jinbu­myeon, Pyeongchang­gun, Gangweon­do, 9 September 2007, S. Y. Kim. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype.

Etymology: The specific name comes from the Latin ad­

jective subtilis meaning “fine” and refers to the shape of the embolus.

Diagnosis: The male of R. subtilis n. sp. is very similar to that of R. ogatai Yoshida, 1995 in the fine embolus, the slightly curved conductor enclosing the embolus, and the longish broad tegular apophysis, but can be easily distin­

guished from the latter by the broad­based conductor in

retrolateral view (Fig. 2C­E, I­K). The female of R. subtilis

Fig. 1. Lathys annulata Bösenberg and Strand, 1906; A ­ male, dorsal view, B and E ­ male palp, ventral view, C and F ­ ditto, retrolateral view, D and G ­ ditto, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (the rest).

A B C D

E F G

is clearly different from that of R. ogatai in the shape of genital duct and fertilization duct, and the position of the copulatory opening (Fig. 2G­H, M, N).

Description: Male holotype. Total length 3.30. Habitus as in Fig. 1A. Carapace 1.65 long, 1.25 wide, reddish brown with radiated dark stripes; median furrow and cervical groove distinct; cephalon 0.85 wide; clypeus height 2.4 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.47, PER 0.51; AER retrocurved slightly and PER straight in dorsal view. AME 0.09, ALE 0.12, PME 0.07, PLE 0.10, AME­AME 0.04,

AME­ALE 0.04, PME­PME 0.22, PME­PLE 0.08, AME­

PME 0.05, and ALE­PLE contiguous. Median ocular qua­

drangle, posterior side

height

anterior side (18 : 16 : 14).

Chelicera with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.86 long, 0.81 wide. Labium 0.18 long, 0.29 wide. Leg measurements: I 4.69 (1.33, 0.55, 1.18, 0.93, 0.70), II 3.96 (1.13, 0.50, 0.93, 0.75, 0.65), III 3.37 (0.95, 0.43, 0.68, 0.68, 0.63), IV 4.61 (1.30, 0.48, 1.15, 0.95, 0.73). Fem.

I l/w 3.80. Tib. I l/w 5.90. Leg I/c 2.84. Fem. I/c 0.81. Tib I/

c 0.72. Met I/c 0.56. Pat. I+tib. I/c 1.05. Met. I/tar. I 1.33.

C D E F G H

A B

I J K

L

M N

Fig. 2. Robertus subtilis sp. nov.; A ­ male, dorsal view, B­ female dorsal view, C and I ­ male palp, ventral view, D and J ­ ditto, retrolateral view, E and K ­ ditto, prolateral view, F and L ­ epigynum, G and M ­ female internal genitalia, ventral view, and H and N ­ ditto, dor­

sal view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (A and B), 0.1 mm (the rest).

Met. IV/tar. IV 1.30. Abdomen 1.80 long, 1.10 wide, oval;

dorsum dark gray with two pairs of sigilla. Palpal organ (Fig.

2C­E, I­K); cymbium with a longish sharp paracymbium;

terminal parts of embolus and conductor long and fine, but conductor base very broad; tegular apophysis longish broad.

Female (paratype). Total length 2.60. Habitus as in Fig.

2B. Carapace 1.50 long, 1.10 wide; cephalon 0.78 wide;

clypeus height 3.8 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.41, PER 0.44; AME 0.05, ALE 0.10, PME 0.07, PLE 0.10, AME­AME 0.07, AME­ALE 0.04, PME­PME 0.07, PME­

PLE 0.08, AME­PME 0.04, and ALE­PLE contiguous.

Median ocular quadrangle, posterior side

height

anterior side (16 : 13.5 : 13). Chelicera with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Sternum 0.75 long, 0.68 wide. La­

bium 0.18 long, 0.29 wide. Leg measurements: I 3.82 (1.13, 0.48, 0.90, 0.73, 0.58), II 3.35 (0.98, 0.43, 0.75, 0.61, 0.58), III 2.89 (0.83, 0.38, 0.58, 0.55, 0.55), IV 3.86 (1.13, 0.43, 0.95, 0.75, 0.60). Fem. I l/w 3.77. Tib. I l/w 4.80. Leg I/c 2.55. Fem. I/c 0.75. Tib I/c 0.60. Met I/c 0.49. Pat. I+tib. I/

c 0.92. Met. I/tar. I 1.26. Met. IV/tar. IV 1.25. Abdomen 1.35 long, 1.00 wide. Epigynum (Fig. 2F­H, L­N; genital duct long and coiled; copulatory opening in middle on epigynal plate; fertilization duct very long.

Habitat: Riverside grassland.

World Distribution: Korea (Gyeongsangnam­do).

Deposition: NIBRIV0000321390.

Identifer: Bo Keun Seo.

Genus Theridion Walckenaer, 1805

Theridion longipalpum Zhu,

1998

Synonyms: Theridion longipalpum Zhu, 1998: 193; Seo,

2005: 125.

Theridion longipili Seo,

2004

Synonyms: Theridion longipili Seo, 2004: 79.

Theridion palgongense Paik,

1996

Synonyms: Theridion palgongense Paik, 1996: 9.

Theridion pictum (Walckenaer,

1802)

Synonyms: Aranea picta Walckenaer, 1802: 207

Theridion pictum Namkung, 1976: 84.

Theridion pinastri Koch,

1872

Synonyms: Theridion pinastri L. Koch, 1872: 249; Paik, 1957: 43.

Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu,

1993

(

)

(Fig.

3)

Synonyms: Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, in Zhu, Gao and Guan, 1993: 92; Zhu, 1998: 194; Song, Zhu and Chen, 1999: 142.

Material examined: 1♂, Mongolian oak (Quercus mongo­

lica) forest on the other side of Daegwallyeong rest area (37˚

41′01″N, 128˚45′14″E, alt. 842 m), Doam­myeon, Pyeong­

chang­gun, Gangwon­do, 10 June 2010, J. C. Lim.

Diagnosis: The male of T. serpatusum is similar to that of Yunohamella yunohamensis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) in the abdominal pattern, but can be easily distinguished from the latter and the other congeneric species by the scoop­

shaped conductor of palpal organ (Fig. 3B­G).

Description: Male. Total length 2.48. Habitus as in Fig.

3A. Carapace 1.18 long, 1.03 wide, with Y­shaped groove making cervical groove and median furrow; clypeus height 3.1 times of diameter of AME. AER 0.47, PER 0.51; AER retrocurved slightly and PER straight in dorsal view. AME 0.09, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09, AME­AME 0.10, AME­ALE 0.03, PME­PME 0.07, PME­PLE 0.09, AME­

PME 0.10, and ALE­PLE contiguous. Median ocular quad­

rangle, anterior side

height

posterior side (21 : 20 : 18).

Chelicera with three promarginal teeth. Sternum 0.74 long, 0.69 wide. Labium 0.13 long, 0.25 wide. Legs yellow; first and second femora with two broad brown rings distally, other femora with one distal ring; all tibiae and metatarsi with a brown rings at middle and at distal part; all tarsi with a broad brown ring at middle part. Leg measurements: I 7.76 (2.23, 0.55, 1.18, 2.30, 0.80), II 5.44 (1.63, 0.50, 1.25, 1.43, 0.63), III 3.62 (1.13, 0.38, 0.68, 0.93, 0.50), IV 4.71 (1.45, 0.45, 1.03, 1.25, 0.53). Fem. I l/w 9.91. Tib. I l/w 12.53.

Leg I/c 6.58. Fem. I/c 1.89. Tib I/c 1.59. Met I/c 1.95. Pat.

I+tib. I/c 2.06. Met. I/tar. I 2.88. Met. IV/tar. IV 2.36. Ab­

domen 1.35 long, 1.13 wide, and oval; dorsum black with a

median white pattern; venter pale yellow with light brown

area anterior to epigastric furrow and posterior brown area

of median part.

Palpal organ (Fig. 3B­G); tapering embolus wrapped by scoop­shaped conductor; tegular and median apophyses small; cymbium with small hood­like paracymbium.

Habitat: Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) forest.

World Distribution: China, Korea (Gangwon­do).

Deposition: NIBRIV0000321392.

Identifer: Bo Keun Seo.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work was supported by the grants of the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR 2013­02­001; NIBR 201501201).

Fig. 3. Theridion serpatusum Guan and Zhu, 1993; A ­ male, dorsal view, B and E ­ male palp, retrolateral view, C and F ­ ditto, ventral view, D and G ­ ditto, ventro­retrolateral view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (A), 0.1 mm (the rest).

A B C D

E

F G

REFERENCES

Bösenberg W and E Strand. 1906. Japanische Spinnen. Abh.

Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 30:93­422.

Clerck C. 1757. Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud­slågter in­

delte samt under några och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. Stockholmiae.

Karsch F. 1879. Baustoffe zu einer Spinnenfauna von Japan.

Verh. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. Westf. 36:57­105.

Koch L. 1872. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Arachnidenfauna Tirols. Zweite Abhandlung. Zeitschr. Ferd. Tir. Vor.(3).

17:239­328.

Menge A. 1869. Preussische Spinnen. III. Abtheilung. Schr.

Naturf. Gesell. Danzig(N.F.). 2:219­264.

Namkung J. 1976. A Supplemental List of Korean Spiders.

Kor. J. Pl. Prot. 15:83­87.

Namkung J. 2003. The Spiders of Korea(2nd. ed.) Kyo­Hak Publishing, Seoul.

Namkung J, JS Yoo, SY Lee, JH Lee, WK Paek and ST Kim.

2009. Bibliographic Check list of Korean Spiders(Arach­

nida: Araneae) ver. 2010. J. Kor. Nat. 2:91­285.

Ono H. 2003. A new dictynid spider from Iriomotejima Island, southwest Japan, with a list of Japanese species of the gen­

era Lathys and Brommella(Arachnida, Araneae). Bull. Nat.

Mus. Nat. Sci. Tokyo(A). 29:7­13.

Ono H and K Ogata. 2009. Titanoecidae, Dictynidae. pp. 132­

139. In The Spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species(Ono H ed.). Tokai University Press, Kanagawa.

Paik KY. 1957. On fifteen unrecorded spiders from Korea. Kor.

J. Biol. 2:43­47.

Paik KY. 1978. Illustrated Fauna and Flora of Korea(21). Ara­

neae. Samwha Publishing, Seoul.

Paik KY. 1979. Korean spiders of family Dictynidae. Res. Rev.

Kyungpook Nat. Univ. 27:419­431.

Paik KY. 1996. Two new species and a new record spider of the genus Theridion(Araneae: Theridiidae) from Korea.

Kor. Arachnol. 12:7­15.

Pickard­Cambridge O. 1871. Arachnida. Zool. Rec. 7:207­224.

Pickard­Cambridge O. 1879. The spiders of Dorset. Araneidea.

Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. Antiq. Field Club. 1:1­235.

Seo BK. 2004. A new species of Theridion Walckenaer(Arane­

ae: Theridiidae) from Korea. Entomol. Res. 34:79­81.

Seo BK. 2005. Four species of theridiid spider(Araneae) from Korea with a description of new species, Robertus naejan­

gensis. Entomol. Res. 35:121­126.

Seo BK. 2014a. Six new species of the subfamily Coleotinae (Araneae, Agelenidae) from Korea. Entomol. Res. 44:165­

Seo BK. 2014b. Four new species of the genus Pholcus175. (Ara­

neae: Pholcidae) from Korea. Korean J. Appl. Entomol.

53:399­408.

Seo BK and SR Sohn. 1984. The spider fauna and three valu­

able species of Namhae­gun, Gyeongsangnam­do, Korea. J.

Inst. Nat. Sci. Keimyung Univ. 3:113­120.

Simon E. 1884. Arachnides nouveaux d’Algérie. Bull. Soc.

Zool. Fr. 9:321­327.

Song DX, MS Zhu and J Chen. 1999. The Spiders of China.

Hebei University of Science and Techology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang.

Song DX, MS Zhu and SQ Li. 1993. Arachnida: Araneae. pp.

852­890. In Animals of Longqi Mountai(Huang CM ed.).

China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.

Sundevall CJ. 1833. Conspectus Arachnidum. Londini Gotho­

Walckenaer CA. 1802. Faune parisienne. Insectes. Hist. Abr. rum.

Ins. Env. Paris. 2:187­250.

World Spider Catalog. 2015. World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, ver­

sion 16, accessed on April 18, 2015.

Yoshida H. 1995. Three new species of the genus Robertus (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnol. Tokyo.

44:153­157.

Zhu MS. 1998. Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae.

Science Press, Beijing.

Zhu MS, SS Gao and JD Guan. 1993. Notes on the four new species of comb­footed spiders of the forest regions Liaon­

ing, China(Araneae: Theridiidae). J. Liaoning Univ.(nat.

Sci. Ed.). 20:89­94.

Received: 11 May 2015 Revised: 3 June 2015 Revision accepted: 3 June 2015