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Mechanical Design I

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(1)

Bong-Kee Lee

School of Mechanical Systems Engineering Chonnam National University

Mechanical Design I

2. Stress and Strain (I)

Stress

 하중의 종류

방향에 따라

시간에 따라

분포상태에 따라

인장 하중 압축 하중 전단 하중

정 하중 동 하중

충격 하중 반복 하중 변동 하중 이동 하중

양진(교변) 편진 부분 편진 집중 하중

분포 하중

(2)

School of Mechanical Systems Engineering

Mechanical Design I

Stress

 하중의 종류 (I)

dA

outward normal vector of dA

tensile force compressive force

shear force

Stress

 하중의 종류 (II)

– static loading & variable loading

(3)

School of Mechanical Systems Engineering

Mechanical Design I

 하중의 종류 (III)

concentrated load distributive load

Stress

 응력(stress)

(4)

School of Mechanical Systems Engineering

Mechanical Design I

Stress

 응력(stress)

Strain

 변형률(strain)

– 인장 변형률(tensile strain) 또는 연신율 (elongation)

– 푸아송 비(Poisson’s ratio)

0 0

0

l

l l l

l  

 

strain transverse

 

(5)

School of Mechanical Systems Engineering

Mechanical Design I

 변형률(strain)

– 전단 변형률(shear strain)

 2

 2

Strain

 Stress-strain curve

# 탄성변형(elastic deformation)

A: 비례한도(proportional limit) – Hooke’s law 성립(σ=Eε) B: 탄성한계(elastic limit) – 탄성 복원 가능

# 소성변형(plastic deformation)

Y: 항복점(yield point) – 소성 변형 C: 극한강도(ultimate strength) – necking 발생

F: 파단(fracture)

(6)

School of Mechanical Systems Engineering

Mechanical Design I

Strain

 Stress-strain curve

– 0.2% offset method

항복점이 불분명한 연성재료 취성(brittle) 재료

Strain

 Stress-strain curve

(7)

School of Mechanical Systems Engineering

Mechanical Design I

 공칭응력(engineering stress)

– 최초 단위 면적에 대한 하중의 비

 공칭변형률(engineering strain)

– 최초 길이에 대한 늘어난 길이의 비

A

0

F

0 0

0

L L L

L

L

f

 

 

Stress and Strain

 단면비(area ratio)

– 최종 단면적에 대한 최초 단면적의 비

 단면 수축률(area reduction)

– 최초 단면적에 대한 줄어든 단면적의 비

0 0

1

0

0

L A L A L L A L

A

f f f f

   A  1  A

f

 

A

0

/ A

f

1

R

(8)

School of Mechanical Systems Engineering

Mechanical Design I

Stress and Strain

 진응력(true stress)

– 변화된 단면에 대한 하중의 비

 진변형률(true strain)

– 변화된 길이에 대한 늘어난 길이의 비

    R

A F A

F

f

T

  

    

 

 1

1

0

/

    R

L L L

L L

d

L

dL

f

T L

f

1 ln

ln ln

0 0

0 0

 

 

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