문 20. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
화폐는 한 나라의 역사와 경제력을 비춰 주는 거울이다. 화폐를 보면 그 나라의 전통과 문화, 기술력을 한눈에 알 수 있기 때문 이다. 어떤 사람은 “화폐는 한 나라의 성격을 압축적으로 보여 주는 무언의 외교관이다.”라고 말한다. 이렇게 화폐를 ‘나라의 얼굴’
이라고 말하는 것을 보면, 화폐의 디자인은 그 나라의 역사와 문화를 그대로 보여 준다고 할 수 있다.
우선 우리나라의 화폐를 살펴보자. 우리나라는 화폐 디자인의 소재로 인물을 많이 사용해 왔다. 신사임당이 5만 원권에, 세종 대왕이 1만 원권에, 이이와 이황이 각각 5천 원권과 1천 원권에 등장한 것이 그 좋은 예이다. 화폐의 뒷면이나 앞면의 보조 소재 로는 우리나라의 발달한 과학 기기와 뛰어난 예술 작품이 사용 되었다. 5만 원권에는 신사임당의 ‘묵포도도’와 어몽룡의 ‘월매도’를, 1만 원권에는 혼천의, 광학 천체 망원경, 천상열차분야지도를, 5천 원권에는 신사임당의 ‘초충도’를, 1천 원권에는 정선의 산수화를 담았다. 각계의 인물과 문화를 폭넓게 아우른 셈이다.
유럽의 경우, 유로화가 생기기 전까지는 화폐에 자기 나라의 개성을 마음껏 발휘하는 것으로 유명했다. 프랑스는 ‘어린 왕자’를 쓴 생텍쥐페리나 화가 폴 세잔, 에펠탑을 만든 구스타브 에펠 등을 화폐 디자인에 등장시켜 예술의 나라라는 점을 적극적으로 홍보 했다. 이탈리아 역시 화가 라파엘로와 작곡가 벨리니, 조각가 베르니니, 아동 교육가 마리아 몬테소리를 화폐의 주인공으로 썼다. 독일은 피아노 연주가 클라라 슈만, 수학자 가우스, 동화 작가 그림 형제, 건축가 노이만 등을 내세웠다.
세계 여러 나라의 화폐 소재로는 인물이 가장 많아 전체의 83.2%를 차지한다. 그다음은 조각상, 건축물, 동식물 등의 순으로 많은데 인물 중에는 정치인(66.9%)이 가장 많고, 문화 예술인(30.7%), 일반 대중(2.4%) 등이 그 뒤를 잇는다. 화폐의 소재로 인물을 선호하는 이유는 나라를 대표하는 상징성이 높고 위조와 변조를 막는 데 유용하기 때문이다. 그 대표적인 예가 달러이다. 달러는 세계의 기축 통화 구실을 하는 데다가 디자인이 자주 바뀌면 위조나 변조가 될 우려가 있기 때문에 미국 건국 초기의 남성 정치인이 화폐의 소재로 쭉 사용되고 있다.
한편, 화폐는 시대를 반영한다. 한국은행에서 연구한 결과에 따르면 화폐의 소재는 ‘정치에서 문화로, 사람에서 자연으로’ 바뀌어 가는 추세에 있다고 한다. 이는 정치적 이념이나 인간 중심의 시대에서 벗어나 문화와 자연을 중요하게 생각하는 시대가 되었음을 의미 한다. 그 예로, 세계 문화유산으로 등록된 이집트의 아부심벨 신전과 온두라스의 마야 유적이 화폐의 소재가 되고 있다. 또한 동식물도 화폐의 소재로 이용되고 있다. 핀란드의 자작나무와 수리남의 시계꽃이 그 예이다. 특히 코모로가 바닷물고기 실러 캔스를, 아랍에미리트가 희귀 동물 오릭스를 화폐의 주인공으로 내세운 것은 자연과 환경을 보호하려는 인간의 의지를 보여 주는 예라고 할 수 있다.
- 김창석, ‘화폐와 디자인’ -
① 화폐는 그 나라의 역사, 문화, 경제력을 반영한다.
② 유로화에는 예술인이, 달러에는 정치인이 많이 등장한다.
③ 최근 화폐의 소재는 문화와 자연 중심으로 바뀌어 가고 있다.
④ 세계 여러 나라의 화폐 소재로는 인물이 가장 많이 쓰이고 있다.
영 어
문 1. 밑줄 친 단어와 의미가 가장 가까운 것은?
The Health authorities today warned that influenza is now highly prevalent all over the country.
① exquisite ② pervasive
③ radical ④ defunct
문 2. 밑줄 친 단어와 반대의 의미를 가진 것은?
Why do you always have to humiliate me in front of your friends?
① affront ② demean ③ exalt ④ disgrace
문 3. 다음의 문장을 영어로 가장 잘 옮긴 것은?
< 문 장 >
그가 핸드폰을 택시에 두고 내린 것을 안 것은 집에 도착 해서였다.
① It was not until he arrived home that he found he’d left his cell phone in the taxi.
② It was only after he arrived home that he find he’d not left his cell phone in the taxi.
③ He didn’t find he’d left his cell phone in the taxi after he arrived home.
④ Until he arrived home, he found he’d left his cell phone in the taxi.
문 4. 다음 대화 중 어색한 것은?
① A: Why don’t you join us for camping tonight?
B: Sorry, I’m grounded for the time being.
② A: I heard you’re making another movie! Can I be in it?
B: Sure thing. Cast and crew meeting Saturday at Kimberly’s.
③ A: What would you say if you are asked to be a leader of the team?
B: Not my place to judge.
④ A: What are you doing up so early on Saturday?
B: It’s a pity that you cannot work this out.
문 5. 다음의 문장을 영어로 옮길 때 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 말은?
< 문 장 >
비록 우리의 나이 많은 아미쉬 사촌들이 농장 일을 도우며 머무르는 데에 동의했지만, 내가 농부의 삶에 적합하지 않다는 것이 곧 명확해졌다.
Although our elderly Amish cousins agreed to stay on to help with the farm work, it soon became apparent that I was not the life of a dairy farmer.
① turning a blind eye to ② cut out for
③ boiling down to ④ bent on
문 6. 다음 빈 칸에 가장 알맞은 것은?
I left my lesson plans at home, so I'll have to .
① improvise ② fluctuate
③ capitulate ④ vacillate
문 7. 다음 빈 칸에 가장 알맞은 것은?
The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon, by the success of the 1896 Olympic marathon and held every year since 1897 to celebrate Patriots Day, a holiday marking the beginning of the American Revolution, thereby purposely linking Athenian and American struggle for democracy.
① expired ② aspired ③ inspired ④ respired
문 8. 다음의 우리말을 영어로 가장 알맞게 옮긴 것은?
① 내 인생에서 가장 중요한 목표는 인정을 받는 것보다는 성공을 하는 것이다.
The most important goal in my life is not so much achieving success as receiving recognition.
② 스마트폰은 내가 집중력을 향상시킬 필요가 있을 때는 언제나 유용하지 않다.
A smartphone is not always useful for me when I need to increase my concentration.
③ 그는 네가 파티에 가도록 끝까지 너를 설득할 사람이다.
He would be the last person to persuade you to go to the party.
④ 너는 어머니가 상 차리시는 것을 도와주는 것보다 차라리 빨래를 너는 편이 낫겠다.
You may as well hang the washing out to dry as help your mother set the table.
문 9. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
Spatial data ① representing elevations, depths, temperatures, or populations can be stored in a digital database, accessed, and displayed on a map.
The database for a map can include information on coastlines, political boundaries, city locations, etc. In digital form, maps can ② be easily revised because they do not have to be manually redrawn with each revision or major change. Computer-generated map revision is essential for updating ③ rapidly changing phenomena such as air pollution, ocean currents, and forest fires. Digital maps can be instantly distributed and ④ share via the Internet.
문 10. 다음 중 글을 읽고 추론할 수 없는 것은?
The star Sirius in the constellation of Canis Major appears considerably brighter than Rigel in Orion.
However, Rigel is actually thousands of times brighter than Sirius. It appears fainter because it is over a thousand light years away, while Sirius is only
light years from us. We measure the brightness of the stars as seen with the naked eye on a scale called the magnitude scale. Hipparchus, a Greek astronomer, rated the importance of stars by their brightness and used the word magnitude to describe their relative brightness. Magnitude means bigness. In ancient times they may have assumed that the brighter star is a bigger star. A very bright star would have a magnitude of 1 or less and a very faint star a magnitude of 6. The smaller the number, the brighter the star. A very powerful telescope can see very faint stars beyond magnitude 20. You may be able to see stars with a magnitude of 6 to 7 with your naked eye under very clear, moonless skies.
① A star with a magnitude of 2 appears brighter than a star with a magnitude of 3 in the night sky.
② For Hipparchus, the star with a magnitude of 1 may have been more important than the star with a magnitude of 6.
③ Magnitude is a measure of how much light the star actually produces, not how bright it is.
④ Stars with a magnitude of 6 to 7 may be observed by your naked eye in total darkness.
문 11. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
The start of modern democracy reaches back to the 13th century when the nobility in England forced the king to accept the instituting of a Parliament. This later was divided into the aristocratic upper house and a lower house where elected commoners met.
The Parliament slowly evolved from a council to an independent arbitrator. In 1688, the king was generally deprived of power, and the Parliament became the actual sovereign of politics with the right to legislate laws. Over time, the upper house increasingly lost significance and the elected lower house assumed more and more authority. English parliamentarianism became the model for the revolutions in America and France. Yet the majority of the population still remained excluded from the political process.
① How to Legislate Laws in Parliament
② Development of Parliamentary Systems
③ Origin of Parliament Election
④ Political Status of Medieval King
문 12. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
< 문 장 >
Thin, lanky hair can be upsetting at any age, but particularly for women, whose self-esteem may take a bit of a battering during the teenage years or the mid-life menopause.
(A) But with the right diet, hair can regain its previous thickness and lustre. It fact, most people can probably help their hair improve in body and gloss by tweaking what they eat.
(B) There is no cure for male pattern baldness, but eating healthy can help what hair they do have to look as good as possible. For girls and women, though, the main cause of hair loss is nutrient-related rather than hormonal. It can take months for the results to show in full.
(C) Both are times of major hormonal changes, which can play a part in how hair behaves.
Men, too, may be sensitive about hair loss, which can sometimes happen long before they reach middle age.
① (C)-(B)-(A) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (B)-(C)-(A)
문 13. 다음 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
While extroverts tend to attain leadership in public domains, introverts tend to attain leadership in theoretical and aesthetic fields. Outstanding introverted leaders, such as Charles Darwin, Marie Curie, Patrick White and Arthur Boyd, who have created either new fields of thought or rearranged existing knowledge, have spent long periods of their lives in isolation.
Hence leadership does not only apply in social situations, but also
such as developing new techniques in the arts, creating new philosophies, writing profound books and making scientific breakthroughs.
① exists for authority and fame
② occurs in more solitary situations
③ is used to pursue an innovative life
④ appears by itself alone but other qualities
문 14. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Sandstone caves are found in the sedimentary rocks composed of aggregates of sand grains. The sandstone was originally deposited as sandy sediments in rivers, beaches or shallow marine environments. Continued deposition of sediments caused the sediments to be buried deeply and transformed into sandstones.
Quartzites are sandstones metamorphosed by heat or pressure and with stronger cements. A cave may form after the sandstone or quartzite is uplifted and exposed at the surface. Sandstone caves may be formed by rain or wind erosion, but more commonly when a stream is able to pass through joints or bedding planes in the rock. The weaker silica cement is slowly dissolved and the stream washes the loosened sand grains away. The finest examples are found in quartzite, especially in South America.
① Sandstone caves are scarcely formed in the case that water can go through flat surface of rocks.
② Sandstones can be transformed into quartzites by exterior conditions.
③ Sandstones caves can be created where sandy sediments are accumulated to be sandstones.
④ When cement becomes disintegrated, it gets swept away by the stream.
문 15. 다음 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A: I'm scared to death. Why are you going to do a parachute jump?
B: It really must be wonderful to look down from the sky. I've always wanted to try it.
A: But anything could happen. You could be injured or even killed. I wouldn't take the risk.
B: Well,
You ought to try it. You never know - you might enjoy it.
A: Enjoy it? You must be joking!
① I’ll take the risk of jumping into a new business field.
② why don’t you find another activity you can enjoy?
③ your life can't be exciting if you never take risks.
④ the more risk we take, the more dangerous our life becomes.
문 16. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
< 문 장 >
Tolerable stress, which occurs for relatively brief periods, can also build resilience. Critically, there must be supportive adults present, and kids must have time to cope and recover. Let’s say a child witnesses her parents arguing a lot as they’re going through a divorce.
(A) In an influential study, graduate students took baby rats away from their mothers and handled them for fifteen minutes per day(which was stressful to the rats) and then returned them to their mothers, who licked and groomed them.
The graduate students repeated this for the first two weeks of the rat’s lives.
(B) But the parents are talking to her, and they’re not having blowouts every night. She has time to recover. This is tolerable stress. Another example of tolerable stress might be an episode of being bullied, so long as it doesn’t last too long, it isn’t repeated too often, and the child is supported by caring adults.
(C) The baby rats who were removed and handled for a brief period showed much more resilience as adults than the pups who stayed in the cage with their mother. This is probably because in situations like these the brain becomes conditioned to cope, and this conditioning lays the foundation for resilience.
① (C)-(B)-(A) ② (B)-(C)-(A)
③ (A)-(C)-(B) ④ (B)-(A)-(C)
문 17. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
There’s a saying that if you get up in the morning and eat a live frog, you can spend the rest of the day safe in the knowledge that whatever else happens it can’t possibly get any worse. Sometimes a frog is on your plate and it has to be eaten: your day will include some difficult tasks, and others that are more palatable. If you put off the tough ones, you will spend time feeling bad because there’s a nasty task hanging over you, and eventually you’ll still have to knuckle down and do it. Procrastination affects all of us, but you’ll suffer less if you get the frog out of the way early - so you can focus on other tasks with clarity and feel better knowing that you can check it off the list of things to do that day.
① The Virtue of Frogs: Procrastination
② Frogs? Key to Success!
③ The More Frogs, The Better
④ Eat Your Frogs Early
문 18. 문맥상 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 문장으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Round and round the short-track speedskaters go, crouched low on the ice as they carve counterclockwise ovals, over and over. They lean so hard to the left that their fingers glide on the ice at the turns. The straightaways are so short that there is room for only one or two strides before the skaters lean hard into the next 180-degree curve, again and again.
They spend their training hours in that position, their torsos torqued to the left, their weight on their left legs as their right legs sweep powerful strides. It is
no wonder, then, that .
Their thighs and glutes are typically larger on the right, while their lower-back muscles sometimes bulge more on the left. The hip, knee and ankle joints on the left tend to be stronger, the ones on the right more flexible.
① too much asymmetry can be unsafe
② short-track skaters have lopsided bodies
③ speedskaters are concerned about having imbalance
④ the bodies of all the athletes are so asymmetrical
문 19. 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
< 문 장 >
But damage caused to wildlife has been considerable.
For millennia farmers grew crops without chemical pesticides. In the decades after the Second World War, toxic compounds came into widespread and ever-increasing use, emerging as a key factor in the rapid expansion in food production. (①) The effects are wide ranging and include the loss of food plants for insects and a decline in the food supply for insect-eating birds. (②) The populations of beneficial animals are affected too, including pollinators. (③) Some pesticides accumulate in food chains, causing populations of top predators to decline. (④) At the same time, pests have developed resistance to pesticides.
문 20. 문맥상 밑줄 친 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?
Have you ever been in an airplane and noticed that your ears start to pop as the plane climbs into the sky? That’s because there is a change in air pressure.
The same thing may happen when you ride up in an elevator. At sea level, the air pressure is the ① same outside and inside your body. As altitude increases, with ②fewer atmospheric gas molecules, the air pressure drops. Your ears may pop because the air trapped inside your ears, at a ③ lower pressure than the air outside your body, makes your eardrums bulge outward.
Chewing gum during a takeoff prompts you to swallow saliva, opening the tubes that connect the breathing passages to your ears and equalizing the pressures painlessly. A similar thing happens when the plane comes in for a landing and the pressure inside your ears is ④lower than the air pressure outside.
한 국 사
문 1. 다음 밑줄 친 ‘왕’의 업적으로 옳지 않은 것은?
왕이 명령하여 노비를 안검하여 시비를 살펴 분별하게 하였다. 이 때문에 윗사람을 능멸하는 기풍이 크게 행해 지니, 사람들이 모두 원망하였다. 왕비가 간절히 말렸는 데도 듣지 않았다.
① 관리의 공복을 제정하였다.
② 황제라 칭하며 독자적인 연호를 사용하였다.
③ 송과 외교관계를 맺고 이후 송의 연호를 사용하였다.
④ 주현공거법 시행으로 향리의 자제에게 과거 응시 자격을 부여하였다.
문 2. 다음 밑줄 친 인물이 속한 사회 계층에 대한 설명으로 옳은 것을 <보기>에서 고른 것은?
태종대왕(太宗大王)이 즉위하자 당의 사신이 와서 조서를 전했는데, 그 가운데 해독하기 어려운 부분이 있었다.
왕이 그를 불러 물으니, 그가 왕 앞에서 한번 보고는 설명하고 해석하는데 의심스럽거나 막히는 데가 없었다.
왕이 놀랍고도 기뻐 서로 만남이 늦은 것을 한탄하고 그의 성명을 물었다. 그가 대답하여 아뢰었다. “신은 본래 임나가량(任那加良) 사람이며 이름은 우두(牛頭)입니다.”
왕이 말했다. “경의 두골을 보니 강수 선생이라고 부를 만하다.” 왕은 그에게 당 황제의 조서에 감사하는 회신의 표를 짓게 하였다. 문장이 세련되고 뜻이 깊었으므로, 왕이 더욱 그를 기특히 여겨 이름을 부르지 않고 임생 (任生)이라고만 하였다.
- 삼국사기 -
< 보 기 >
ㄱ. 속현에서 농민들의 실질적인 지배세력이었다.
ㄴ. 학문과 종교분야에서 활발히 활동하였다.
ㄷ. 신분은 양인이었으나 직역이 천해 사회적 차별이 심하였다.
ㄹ. 6관등인 아찬까지만 승진할 수 있었다.
① ㄱ, ㄴ ② ㄱ, ㄷ ③ ㄴ, ㄹ ④ ㄷ, ㄹ
문 3. 다음을 일어난 순서대로 나열한 것은?
(가) 화폐정리사업 실시 (나) 만국우편연합 가입
(다) 대종교 창시 (라) 만세보 창간
① (라)-(나)-(가)-(다) ② (나)-(가)-(라)-(다)
③ (나)-(라)-(가)-(다) ④ (나)-(가)-(다)-(라)
영 어
문 1. 밑줄 친 단어와 의미가 가장 가까운 것은?
State officials are encouraging more farmers to be certified as organic growers.
① dedicated ② proliferated
③ obliterated ④ validated
문 2. 밑줄 친 단어와 의미가 가장 가까운 것은?
He was only 27 years old, yet he left an indelible mark on the music world. Again and again, contemporary rock artists return to him, whose songs capture the very essence of the blues, transforming our pain and suffering with healing magic of his guitar.
① removable ② irresoluble
③ abominable ④ unerasable
문 3. 다음 빈 칸에 가장 알맞은 것은?
It has been a while since I had my hair .
① perm ② perms ③ permed ④ perming
문 4. 다음의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
Peter started ① poking around in the cupboards. He opened the refrigerator and stood there with the door
② open. Debbie, meanwhile, had ③ returned to her plumbing job. She was turning the faucet on and off and ④ to watch it.
문 5. 다음 중 표현상 올바르지 않은 것은?
① I wish I will use my imagination earlier.
② In Australia, donating is not a special but an ordinary act.
③ Tom might have been like that throughout his life, had he not found his son.
④ It is necessary that the language in any advertising campaign be examined carefully.
문 6. 다음 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 바르게 짝지어진 것은?
Many government leaders are encouraging people to ride bikes more often. In many cities, people are ( A ) to use bikes instead of cars for short trips. Several cities have added bike paths and parking spaces for bikes to make bike riding easier and safer. Bicycle training is ( B ) for both children and adults.
Learning the rules of the road and practising good riding skills help people become smarter, safer cyclists.
(A) (B)
① asking offering
② asking offered
③ asked offered
④ asked offering
문 7. 다음 대화 중 어색한 것은?
① A: That exam was totally impossible!
B: You can say that again!
② A: I know I shouldn't have eaten a whole tub of ice cream.
B: Sure. I'll just get that for you.
③ A: You might as well apply for the job, even though you're too young.
B: Yes, why not? After all, I've got nothing to lose.
④ A: You should have told me that Jackie and Dave broke up!
B: Sorry! I thought you knew.
문 8. 다음의 문장을 영어로 옮길 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 말은?
< 문 장 >
나는 스카이다이빙을 할 준비를 마쳤지만 마지막 순간에 두려워서 주저했다.
I was all set to skydive, but at the last moment
I .
① got cold feet
② kept a stiff upper lip
③ spilled the beans
④ ate humble pie
문 9. 다음 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
A: Did you read that story about the guy who jumped off Niagara Falls?
B: No. What happened to him? Did he die?
A: No, he survived, amazingly enough.
B: Really? I guess he was wearing some kind of protective clothing.
A: That's the incredible thing. He was just wearing ordinary clothes. He just jumped in, fell down in 180 feet, and somehow managed to avoid hitting the rocks.
B: That's amazing! What did he do it for?
A: . He'd been talking
about doing it for years. His friends had bet him he wouldn't do it.
B: What a crazy guy!
① Luckily he managed to escape immediately
② Apparently he just did it for a dare
③ Eventually he was spotted by others
④ Probably he was going to go on vacation
문 10. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Many scholars surmise that the Hindu caste system took shape when Indo-Aryan people invaded the Indian subcontinent about 3,000 years ago, subjugating the local population. The invaders established a stratified society, in which they - of course - occupied the leading positions (priests and warriors), leaving the natives to live as servants and slaves. The invaders, who were few in number, feared losing their privileged status and unique identity. To forestall this danger, they divided the population into castes, each of which was required to pursue a specific occupation or perform a specific role in society. Each had different legal status, privileges and duties. Mixing of castes - social interaction, marriage, even the sharing of meals - was prohibited. And the distinctions were not just legal - they became an inherent part of religious mythology and practice.
① The Importance of Keeping Job Ethics
② The Origin of India's Economic System
③ The Achievement of Religious Leaders in India
④ The Advent of Social Hierarchy in India
문 11. 다음 밑줄 친 대상이 나머지 셋과 다른 것은?
① A private, lounging outside the PX on a dark night, observed the dim form of another soldier approaching.
"Hey, bud," he called out. "Got a light?"
"Certainly," said ② the other. ③ The newcomer struck a match and lit the private's cigarette. And in the flare of the match, the private noted the single star of a brigadier general on the other's shoulder.
Stiffening to attention, the private said in despair,
"I beg your pardon, sir."
"At ease, private," said the general. "It's all right.
Just be glad ④ I am not a second lieutenant."
문 12. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
There's a major difference between weather and climate models. A model producing a weather forecast will give a prediction for what the conditions will be like in different parts of the world just a few days into the future. With climate, we're not interested in the short-term changes in meteorological conditions.
It's the long-term changes that we're after. The short-term chaos we see with weather forecasts tends to smooth out over decades and centuries. As a result, we can get a handle on what will happen on average in different parts of the world in the future.
A climate model will not give the daily temperature and rainfall for each day of the year in the different parts of the world over a hundred years. The key thing is that it will give an idea of the average conditions.
It's the same principle as the changing seasons and their effect on temperature; if we live in the northern hemisphere, we don't know what the temperature will be for every day in July next year, but we know that it will be warmer on average than December.
① A weather model cannot tell weather changes across areas on the earth.
② A climate model places more emphasis on long-term weather changes.
③ Daily temperature and rainfall can be known through a weather model.
④ Through a climate model you can guess seasonal temperature on average.
문 13. 다음 글에서 Ernest Hemingway에 관한 내용으로 맞는 것은?
Ernest Hemingway is a well-known writer whose works are read all over the world. Like Mark Twain, he is regarded as a representative American writer.
Born in a suburb of Chicago, Hemingway began writing in high school, and after graduation he worked as a reporter. Hemingway's life was an adventurous one in which he challenged nature and the danger of war. During World War I, Hemingway tried to join the army but was turned down because of his age.
Instead, he volunteered as an ambulance driver for the Red Cross. He fought in the Spanish Civil War and was a correspondent in World War II. He was an amateur boxer, avid hunter, and record-holding deep-sea fisherman. One of his well-known stories,
"A Day's Wait," exemplifies Hemingway's style. The sentences are clearly and sparsely written; the dialogues are short and to the point. Hemingway's heroes appear to be strong and unemotional, but they are also sensitive. Under the macho, brave exterior is a scared little child. Thus, the character becomes more human and believable.
① 고등학교 졸업 직후 작가로 활동했다.
② 두 차례의 세계대전에 전투병으로 참전했다.
③ 소설에서 만연체를 즐겨 사용했다.
④ 입체적 인물 묘사에 능했다.
문 14. 문맥상 다음 빈 칸에 가장 적절한 것은?
We are all used to accepting in our everyday life, though we don't use that label. When your toddler draws on the wall with crayons, throws food on the floor, or wets the bed, you are much more likely to be indulgent about his behavior than if your neighbor's toddler comes to your house and does the same things. We are also used to the mind's fooling us about what our senses are detecting. Let's say you are going to a party and are told in advance that Mr. X, who will be there, is on trial for multiple burglaries in your area. At the party, Mr. X comes up to you and casually asks,
"Where do you live?" The sounds arriving in your brain through the mechanics of hearing will produce a very different response than if someone else had asked the same question.
① integrity ② priority
③ relativity ④ profanity
문 15. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
Internationally, fuel ① used for aviation is tax exempt, and according to John Crayston from the Secretariat of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO),
"While the ICAO has established emissions standards for certain emissions there are no standards for CO2."
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) estimates that aviation's share in climate change is at about 3.5 percent of the total contributions, ② which are predicted to climb to five percent by 2050. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), aerosol particles that are emitted in aviation such as soot, metals and sulfuric acid can indirectly influence climate change ③ by causing additional cirrus clouds to form, which in turn trap the heat rising from the Earth's surface. The IPCC projects an overall global temperature increase from 34.7 to 40.1 degrees Fahrenheit between 1990 and 2100.
Friends of the Earth London recommends that European travelers ④ opt for high-speed rail instead of flying, especially when going a relatively short distance.
문 16. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Humans tend to do better with acute than with chronic stressors, particularly when the former are followed by ample time for recovery, which allows the stressors to do their jobs as messengers. For instance, having an intense emotional shock from seeing a snake coming out of my keyboard or a vampire entering my room, followed by a period of soothing safety (with chamomile tea and baroque music) long enough for me to regain control of my emotions, would be beneficial for my health, provided of course that I manage to overcome the snake or vampire after an arduous, hopefully heroic fight and have a picture taken next to the dead predator. Such a stressor would be certainly better than the mild but continuous stress of a boss, mortgage, tax problems, guilt over procrastinating with one's tax return, exam pressures, chores, emails to answer, forms to complete, daily commutes - _______________________________.
In other words, the pressures brought about by civilization. In fact, neurobiologists show that the former type of stressor is necessary, the second harmful, for one's health.
① things that make you feel trapped in life
② intense and strong stressors
③ stressors you can easily get over
④ nuisances that take your attention from works
문 17. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?
The more digital and high-tech the world becomes, the greater the need to still feel the human touch, nurtured by close relationships and social connections.
① There are growing concerns that, as the fourth industrial revolution deepens our individual and collective relationships with technology, it may negatively affect our social skills and ability to empathize. We see this already happening. ② A 2010 study by a research team at the University of Michigan found a 40% decline in empathy among college students today with most of this decline coming after 2000. ③ According to MIT's Sherry Turke, most of the teenagers willingly unplug, while playing sports or having a meal with family or friends. ④ With face-to-face conversations crowded out by online interactions, there are fears that an entire generation of young people consumed by social media is struggling to listen, make eye contact or read body language.
문 18. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
< 문 장 >
A direct strike of a major hurricane on New Orleans had long been every weather forecaster's worst nightmare.
The city presented a perfect set of circumstances that might contribute to the death and destruction there. On the one hand there was its geography.
(A) On the other hand there was its culture. New Orleans does many things well, but there are two things that it proudly refuses to do. New Orleans does not move quickly, and New Orleans does not place much faith in authority.
(B) If it did those things, it would have been much better prepared to deal with Katrina, since those are the exact two things you need to do when a hurricane threatens to strike.
(C) New Orleans does not border the Gulf of Mexico as much as sink into it. Much of the population lived below sea level and was counting on protection from an outmoded system of levees and a set of natural barriers that had literally been washing away to sea.
① (B)-(A)-(C) ② (A)-(B)-(C)
③ (C)-(A)-(B) ④ (B)-(C)-(A)
문 19. 다음 글에서 falling stars에 관한 내용으로 맞는 것은?
Contrary to popular belief, "falling (or shooting) stars" are not stars at all, but meteors, solid bodies that travel through space. Meteors range in size from that of a pinhead to huge objects weighing many tons, which are visible to the naked eye at night.
Most meteors, except the really huge ones, burn up when they enter the Earth's atmosphere. If they do land successfully, they are renamed meteorites.
Usually meteors travel together in swarms like bees.
Nature's spectacular fireworks show, a "meteor shower," comes into view when these swarms hit the Earth's atmosphere and then fall towards the Earth in a brilliant display of light.
① They are one kind of typical stars.
② They are not observed without the telescopes at night.
③ The small ones don't burn up after entering the Earth's atmosphere.
④ They usually come into the Earth in flocks.
문 20. 글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
< 문 장 >
Interchangeability and mass-production are the two basic manufacturing techniques that were combined for the first time by the automobile industry and they are the real reasons that the average wage-earner today can afford to own a car.
It is easy to see how the automobile industry has created thousands of job opportunities and contributed immeasurably to our higher standard of living, but we are apt to overlook the underlying factor that made all this possible. (①) It was more than just an accumulation of invention on internal combustion engines, and pneumatic tires, and electrical headlights.
(②) Without them, every single car would have to be laboriously built by hand and their cost would be so great that only the wealthy could pay the price.
(③) But by concentrating a workman's talents on turning out thousands of units all exactly alike and through the use of power and special tools, cars can be and are built by the millions. (④) And since these techniques of interchangeability and mass-production require fewer man-hours to make each item, workers can produce more, thereby earning more, and at the same time the price can be brought within the reach of millions of customers.
문 19. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 시구로 가장 적절한 것은?
사월이라 맹하되니 ( )
비온 끝에 볕이 나니 일기도 청화하다 떡갈잎 퍼질 때에 뻐꾹새 자로 울고 보리 이삭 패어나니 꾀꼬리 소리 난다
- 정학유, ‘농가월령가’ -
① 입춘 우수 절기로다
② 경칩 춘분 절기로다
③ 청명 곡우 절기로다
④ 입하 소만 절기로다
문 20. 다음 중 화자가 자연을 바라보는 태도가 다른 것은?
① 청하(靑荷)애 바 고 녹류(綠柳)에 고기 여 노적화총(蘆荻花叢)에 야 두고
일반청의미(一般淸意味)를 어 부니 아실가
② 짚 방석(方席) 내지 마라 낙엽(落葉)엔들 못 안즈랴 솔불 혀지 마라 어제 진 도다 온다
아야 박주산채(薄酒山菜)ㄹ망졍 업다 말고 내여라
③ 백설(白雪)이 자진 골에 구르미 머흐레라 반가온 매화(梅花) 어 곳에 픠엿고 석양(夕陽)에 홀로 셔 이셔 갈 곳 몰라 노라
④ 말 업슨 청산(靑山)이요, 태(態) 업슨 유수(流水)ㅣ로다 갑 업슨 청풍(淸風)이요, 님 업슨 명월(明月)이라 이 중(中)에 병(病) 업슨 이 몸이 분별(分別) 업시 늙으리라
영 어
문 1. 밑줄 친 단어와 의미가 가장 가까운 것은?
Jimmie was too irresolute for this project that required firm management.
① arrogant ② determined
③ exemplary ④ hesitating
문 2. 밑줄 친 단어와 의미가 가장 가까운 것은?
She forwent all meat for two months when she was on a diet.
① conferred ② relinquished
③ persecuted ④ advocated
문 3. 다음 빈칸에 가장 알맞은 것은?
The speaker _________ pompous phrases and instead used simple and direct language.
① asserted ② imitated
③ abandoned ④ boasted
문 4. 다음의 우리말을 영어로 잘못 옮긴 것은?
① 내 차를 계속 두고 수리하려고 해요.
I am going to keep my car and get it repaired.
② 그의 걱정은 기우로 드러났다.
His worries turned out to be founded.
③ 그녀는 반듯이 누웠다.
She lay on her back.
④ 차는 시속 60마일로 달리고 있다.
The car is doing sixty miles an hour.
문 5. 다음 중 표현상 올바르지 않은 것은?
① The country lacks natural resources.
② A well-known pianist, band leader and composition, Kay Kyser played for the troops.
③ Inside the examination room we could neither smoke nor talk.
④ On the other hand, many women choose to go out to work.
문 6. 다음의 우리말을 영어로 가장 잘 옮긴 것은?
피터가 그렇게 행동하다니 뭔가 일이 있었음에 틀림없다.
① It is certain that Peter is acting strange recently.
② Peter must have undergone a serious behavior.
③ Peter behaves in a strange way to make it happen.
④ Something must have happened to Peter to make him behave in such a way.
문 7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
Each night our sleep is ① punctuated by periods of intense activity. Pulse and breathing quicken, blood pressure fluctuates, eyes ② darting back and forth beneath closed lids, and we dream. Researchers ③ have clearly mapped the physiology of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. But the function of our dreams is still a mystery. Judging by the deluge of research reported at an international conference, ④held recently, the solution is still elusive.
문 8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?
People ① unaccustomed to high altitudes ② would suffer from mountain sickness in the Himalayas. The lack of oxygen in the air would make them ③ dizzy and, perhaps, ④ unconsciously.
문 9. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Strong writing is _____________. Instead of writing
“There was a string of murders in a small town”
you might write “Four people were hacked to death in Wichita, Kansas over a two-week period.” Instead of “My novel tells the story of a natural disaster that occurred in the middle of the century,” you might say, “My novel tells the story of the Great Earthquake of 1948 which killed 221 people.” This kind of writing not only indicates a strong writer, it also helps the agent immediately get a fix on the plot. Indeed, sometimes writers write in generalities to avoid getting down to the details of the plot, as there isn’t much to say. If you have the facts, use them.
① tedious ② general ③ specific ④ conventional
문 10. 다음 대화 중 어색한 것은?
① A: How did you find your dinner?
B: I looked in the refrigerator, and there it was.
② A: It’s getting colder.
B: Don’t worry. I’ll get you a blanket.
③ A: I can’t decide which of the two to choose.
B: It looks like a jump ball situation.
④ A: Why are you so hot under the collar?
B: I just got in a fight with my boyfriend.
문 11. Skeleton에 대한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Skeleton made its Olympic return in 2002 after a 54-year absence. Like luge, the sport involves racing a sled down an icy track. Unlike luge, skeleton sleds are ridden face first. This sport was named when someone commented that a new metal sled, first used in 1892, resembled a skeleton. The sport's first organized competition took place in the late 1800s in the Swiss village of St. Moritz. Riders raced down the frozen road from St. Moritz to Celerina on simple sleds, and the winner received a bottle of champagne.
It was at the 1928 St. Moritz Winter Games that skeleton made its Olympic debut. But the sport would not reappear until the 1948 Winter Games, which were also held in St. Moritz. Then—just as suddenly—skeleton went back in the closet again until its 2002 reemergence.
① 2002년 올림픽에 다시 모습을 드러냈다.
② 생김새 때문에 붙여진 이름이다.
③ 초창기 대회의 우승자는 샴페인을 받았다.
④ 2002년 이전에는 단 한 번만 올림픽에 등장했다.
문 12. 다음 대화의 빈칸에 들어갈 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Danny: So, buddy, how is married life?
Jason: Usually pretty good, but with Gwen right now. I accidentally said I didn't like her mother's cooking.
Danny: Ah, man! You shouldn't have said so. You had better buy flowers for Gwen and her mother.
Jason: Good idea. Maybe that will make her forgive me.
① I am in the doghouse
② I break the news
③ I am all ears
④ I’ve got a frog in my throat
문 13. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Geology is divided into many fields of study. Most geologists specialize in a particular area. Focusing closely on one area of study allows geologists to gain detailed knowledge.
Petrologists study rocks — what they are made of and where they came from. Seismologists study earthquakes.
They look for evidence of what occurs below the surface before earthquakes happen. They also measure an earthquake’s power and intensity.
Volcanologists study volcanoes, at times having to be as close as they can to a fiery eruption. They want to know what volcanoes can reveal about how Earth was formed and how it moves today. Historical geologists study how Earth has changed since it formed more than 4.6 billion years ago.
Paleontologists focus on the history of life on Earth.
They use clues found in rocks to learn about animals that lived long ago.
① Origin of Geology ② Many Types of Geology
③ What is Geology? ④ History of Geology
문 14. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Rober Frost is a famous American poet who depicted the northeastern part of the United States, known as New England. He was a spokesman for the region and wrote much about the American landscape of his area. Having spent most of his life on the farms in the country, he lived the life he wrote about. Oddly enough, however, Frost __________________________.
In the early 1900s, interest in poetry ran high in London and the poetry bookshops gave substantial encouragement to struggling young writers. After selling his farm, which his grandfather had bought him in the hope that he would settle down, he set sail with his family for England. Within a short time he published his first book of poems. He won almost immediate recognition for the simple beauty of his verse. He was one of the first American poets of international stature to bring the rhythms of colloquial speech into poetry. Later his books were also published in America, and he returned to another farm in his beloved New Hampshire, where he lived many years.
① was recognized first in England
② had a big change in his writing style
③ acclaimed international fame right after his first collection of poems
④ never acknowledged his close tie with the American soil
문 15. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은?
When people are having a rough time, usually the first question we ask them is “How are you?”
because we think it’s a way to open up the conversation and to show that we care. ① Here’s another way to look at it: if you are trying to comfort people who are dealing with difficult situations, they will bless you for not making the
“How are you?” question the first one. ② This question may have the power to make them encouraged and from it people can feel comfortable.
③ Ask about their work or their family or about almost anything else to give them a little relief from once again explaining what a rough time they are having getting through this trying experience. ④ They want to be treated like whole individuals, not just like people in a challenging situation that is taking over their identity. Perhaps after listening carefully for a while, you may not even have to ask how they are because they will have told you in their own way.
문 16. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Many people are so focused on sharing their thoughts, opinions, and ideas that they forget to think about how their message will be received, or whether it’s a good idea to speak at all. Learning when you should not say anything is as important as learning how to say something. Ask yourself, “What do I want to say?” and “Why do I want to say it?”
If the purpose of the communication is to make you feel better about something, and the information is not particularly helpful for the listener, perhaps __________________. On the other hand, you shouldn’t refrain from communicating feelings, thoughts, or reactions that influence your working relationships.
Determining how much to talk is an important first step when planning your communication.
① you shouldn’t hide your intention
② you had better say your personal interests
③ you should think learning is important
④ you shouldn’t say anything
문 17. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
Chimpanzees’ performance seems quite primitive when compared to that of a human child. It took Sheba, female chimpanzee, several years of trial and error before she could master the digits 0 through 9.
In the end, the chimpanzee still made frequent errors in using them, as did all the animals trained on number tasks. A young child, by contrast, spontaneously counts on its fingers, can often count up to 10 before the age of three, and rapidly moves on to multidigit numerals whose syntax is much more complex. The developing human brain seems to absorb numerical language effortlessly—quite the opposite of animals, which always seem to need hundreds of repetitions of the same lesson before they retain anything.
① Necessities to Protect Chimpanzees
② Wonders of Geometric Abilities in Children
③ Limits of Mathematical Competence of Chimpanzees
④ Linguistic Similarity between Human and Chimpanzees
문 18. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
By the 1920s it was thought that no corner of the earth fit for human habitation had remained unexplored. New Guinea, the world's second largest island, was no exception.
(A) But the mountains visible from each coast in fact belonged to two ranges, not one, and between them was a temperate plateau crossed by many fertile valleys.
(B) The European missionaries, planters, and administrators clung to its coastal lowlands, convinced that no one could live in the treacherous mountain range that ran in a solid line down the middle of the island.
(C) A million Stone Age people lived in those highlands, isolated from the rest of the world for 40,000 years.
① (B) - (A) - (C) ② (A) - (B) - (C)
③ (C) - (A) - (B) ④ (B) - (C) - (A)
문 19. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
Herbalism or herbal medicine means the use of plants for medicinal purposes, and the study of such use.
Plants have been the basis for medical treatments through much of human history. Societies living before the beginning of written history used plants as medicine. The Lascaux cave paintings discovered in France depict plants as healing agents. During the Middle Ages, most families grew medicinal herbs at home. Knowledge of herbal medicine was orally passed down from generation to generation. But with the development of western medicine in the nineteenth century, the popularity of herbal medicine subsided.
Modern medicine, however, still makes use of many plant-derived compounds as the basis for evidence- tested pharmaceutical drugs. The World Health Organization estimates that roughly 80 percent of the world’s population use herbal remedies as a source of treatment. Herbs today are available in many forms. They are taken fresh or dried and packaged as tablets. They can also be used in capsules, teas, ointments and oils. Herbalists even recommend these formulas over many plant-based pharmaceutical drugs for their holistic properties.
① Herbal remedies are not welcomed by doctors practising western medicine.
② Nowadays, scientists are not studying how to take medicinal plants.
③ People in the prehistoric age treated ailments with plant-based remedies.
④ Growing medicinal herbs at home is getting popular all over the world.
문 20. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?
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Although most people think that snakes are slimy and wet, the opposite is true.
Most people run or scream in terror when they see a snake. ( ① ) Yet if snakes are examined without prejudice, they prove to be fascinating and relatively harmless members of the reptile family. ( ② ) Like other reptiles, they are cold-blooded, and their temperatures change with the environment. ( ③ ) Their skins are cool and dry, even pleasant to touch.
Despite their reputation, most snakes do more good than harm by helping to control the rodent population. ( ④ )
