Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Listeria species and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry carcasses in Korea

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(1)³¤¥Èó. * F* a. (2004) 44 2 Korea J Vet Res(2004) 44(2) : 217~224. êGöBªÒ-JTUFSJBTQFDJFTf4UBQIZMPDPDDVTBVSFVT~ BÚWNZ. î êÁf&òÁ²ÎîÁ;ÁªæÁ;ÖãÁsB"Á;Ï^* BÞ&v ³«Òë >~"& (²Òß: 2004j 5ú 18¢). Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Listeria species and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry carcasses in Korea Jin Hur, Jun Man Kim, Nam Hoon Kwon, Kun Taek Park, Ji Youn Lim, Woo Kyoung Jung, Soon Keun Hong, and Yong Ho Park* Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea (Accepteda May 18, 2004) Abstract : This study was carried out to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 17 (14.8%) L. monocytogenes, 13 (11.3%) L. innocua, 7 (7%) L. welshimeri, and 83 (72.2%) S. aureus were isolated from commercial poultry carcasses in Seoul and Kyonggi province during the period between 2001 and 2003. Antibiotic susceptibility test of all Listeria strains isolated was performed by the disk agar diffusion method. Antibiotics used in the study were as follows; Amikacin (An), Ampicillin (Am), Cephalothin (Cf), Chloramphenicol (C), Ciprofloxacin (Cip), Erythromycin (E), Gentamicin (Gm), Imipenem (Ipm), Kanamycin (K), Minocycline (Mi), Neomycin (N), Norfloxacin (Nor), Ofloxacin (Ofx), Penicillin (P), Streptomycin (S), Tetracycline (Te), Tobramycin (Nn), Trimethoprim (Tmp), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazloe (Sxt), and Vancomycin (Va). The antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus isolates was performed by the disk agar diffusion method. For the latter program, antibiotics used to the study were as follows; Cf, C, Cip, Clindamycin (Cc), E, Gm, Ipm, Nafcillin (Nf), Oxacillin (Ox), P, Te, Sxt, and Va. Of the 17 L. monocytogenes isolates, 94.1% were resistant to Te, 88.2% to Mi, 11.8% to Nor, 11.8% to S, 5.9% to Cip, and 5.9% to C. Of 13 L. innocua, 53.8% were resistant to Te, 23.1% to Mi, 23.1% to S, 7.7% to Cip, and 7.7% to Nor. Of 7 L. welshimeri, 57.1% were resistant to Te, and 14.3% to Am. Of 83 S. aureus, 100% were resistant to Te, 86.7% to Gm, 34.9% to P, 15.7% to Cip, 12% to Cc, 9.6% to E. The multiple antibiotic resistance patterns of L. monocytogenes isolates were observed in Te . Mi . Cip (5.9%), Te . Mi . Nor (5.9%), Te . Mi (76.5%), and Te . Nor (5.9%). Multiple antibiotic resistance was also found in L. innocua isolates. Resistant to Te . Mi . S . Cip . Nor was 7.7%, Te . Mi . S (7.7%), Te . Mi (7.7%), and was 7.7% to Te . S. Antibiotic resistance patterns for S. aureus isolats were demonstrated to Te .Gm .P.Cip .Cc .E (6.0%), Te .Gm .Cip .Cc .E (3.6%), Te .Gm .P.Cc (1.2%), Te .Gm .P (15.6%), Te . Gm . Cip (2.4%), Te . P. Cip (2.4%), Te . Gm . Cc (1.2%), Te . Gm (56.6%), Te . P (9.6%), and to Te . Cip (1.2%). The results of this study suggest a high incidence of Lsteria spp. and S. aureus on poultry carcasses. The contaminated poultry carcasses may be a potential vehicle for foodborne infections due to multiple antimicrobial resistant organisms. Key words : Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, multiple antibiotic resistance, poultry carcasses. º Brain Korea 21, >~"² 5 ³âVFBB&ÒbV¦V j¢ ¢¦ æö A~Ûî . *Corresponding author: Yong Ho Park Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea [Tel: 82-2-880-1257, Fax: 82-2-871-7524, E-mail: [email protected]]. 217.

(2) 218. î êÁf&òÁ²ÎîÁ;ÁªæÁ;ÖãÁsB"Á;Ï^. B . Bº î÷ ÛBf .O öò jî¢ ÒòÎNj ¸V * Ïÿb~ ~ò 5 ÒòÎ&B b 6 Ò ÒÏ> ® [14, 22]. ¾" Zªê B Ò Ïf ^b ~. B & F*¶¢ Fê~ ¾ ³~² ~ Ïÿb" ® Úö B~º ^ 7öB B ÚW Â*~V ·~&b [12, 23, 28, 29, 35, 41], Ööº Ú ~òÏ B ÚW Â *¦ö & ÷7>V ·~& [6, 31, 38]. " ö ÿbÏ Bf ÚÏ Bö 6N 6>W 6 ²>¾ 6º ÚWö & Ò& >V ·~&b [8, 10, 14, 19], /V¢º ÿbÏ Bf ÚÏ B ÒöB~ vN ÚWö & ¢ 7~Vö & [8, 10, 19]. ¯, J¦ &.ë öB fluoroquinolone, enrofloxacin~ 7º* ÒÏb fluoroquinolone ÚW Campylobacter spp. Â [19]f F#öB broilerf "æ~ WË /êj * avoparcin (vancomycin FÒ glycopeptide)~ Zªê Ò Ïb ÿb" Ò²öB vancomycin ÚW enterococci Â*¢ 7 > ®î [8, 10, 42]. j vancomycin >~ ª¢öB ÒÏ>æ pº º ~æò, methicillin ÚW Staphylococcus aureus¢ ~ Ò² ²·Wö 6">îj ãÖ ~ ~ ò¢ * " ÒÏ> ®Ú [32, 37], vancomycin Ú W ²·W~ Â*f 7º 7' &Ò& jö > ì [22]. êGf Û ôf Ò² ö² 7ëj ¢bÊº Salmonellaf S. aureus Ò Clostridium perfringens ~ ¢>' "º J"öbB rJ^ ®b [13], Listeria monocytogenesº &NöBê WË &Ë~ /W 7ëbê 6Ò rJ^ ®Ú æÂ j *¦V ®ë" 7~ 7º &ÒB [7], L. monocytogenesf Listeria spp.º ~ãö B 7º*~² ¢^ ®Ú ôf ®ö J">Ú ®j &ËW Ö ¸j [7, 20, 25, 26] êG" &NB ÒÊ rÒjÃ B 6 £² 7 > ®î [9, 15, 16, 27]. º Ò¾ Ë 5 &;îÞ öB 6 > ®º êGöB ªÒ L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. welshimeri Ò S. aureusöB~ B 6>W ¦Ò ¢ National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) [33]öB ºÂ~º disk agar diffusion method ö V¢ >¯~&b 6 vancomycinö & 6>W ¦Ò¢ º&'b >¯~ ªÒ " ö & B ÚW F;j Ò~& .. Òò 5 O». &¦b &j 5 ªÒ &¦b &jº ã>~"¦ö [1]öB ²Ë~º G~ þ»ö V¢ &¦bj &j~& . ¯, 2001j ¦V 2003jræ BÞ 5 ãVê ²Ò Ò¾ Ë 5 & ; îÞöB 6 ~ ®º 115îÒ~ Gê¢ «~ îÒ Buffered Peptone Water (BPW)¢ 400 ml O ¦Ú jö/æ¢ &/ r 30² (£ 1ª*) ;ê >öj ÒB z Ú & ê ' ªÒº Antunes et al. [7]~ O»ö V¢ j ªÒ~ API system (BioMerieux, France)b { ê þö ÒÏ~& . ªÒ" & 15% Glycerol Î&B Tryptic soy broth (Difco, Co., USA)ö S. aureus, Listeria spp. ~ ªÒj ª" ê -70 Cö &~ þö ÒÏ~& [22]. B ÚW þ 5 ÚW F; Ò ªÒ"~ B 6>W þ O» 5 Ö" 6ëf NCCLS [8]f Abrahim et al. [5] ºÂ~º disk agar diffusion methodö V¢ B 6>W ¦Ò 5 Ö"¢ 6ë~&b ' ê B ÚW F;j Ò~&. . Disk agar diffusion þ Ö"öB vancomycin Ú Wb ¾æÂ " f NCCLS [33]ö ~~ vancomycin (Sigma, USA)ö & minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)j º& G;~& . ÒÏ B B ¦Ò :Êº BBL B®b Listeria spp. ª Òöº Amikacin (An), Ampicillin (Am), Cephalothin o. (Cf), Chloramphenicol (C), Ciprofloxacin (Cip), Erythromycin (E), Gentamicin (Gm), Imipenem (Ipm), Kanamycin (K), Minocycline (Mi), Neomycin (N), Norfloxacin (Nor), Ofloxacin (Ofx), Penicillin (P), Streptomycin (S), Tetracycline (Te), Tobramycin (Nn), Trimethoprim (Tmp), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazloe (Sxt), Vancomycin (Va) , S. aureus Cf, C, Cip, Clindamycin (Cc), E, Gm, Ipm, Nafcillin (Nf), Oxacillin (Ox), P, Te, Sxt, Va .. . ªÒ"öº j ÒÏ~&. Ö ". ªÒN Listeria spp. 5 S. aureus~ J"ê¢ Ò Ö ", Table 1öB º :f ? L. monocytogenesº C.

(3) êGöB ªÒ Listeria speciesf Staphylococcus aureus~ B ÚWNZ. 219. Table 1. The incidence of Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry carcasses Microorganisms. Number (%) of isolates. L. monocytogenes (17 isolates, 14.8%). L. L. L. L.. monocytogenes - L. innocua - S. aureus monocytogenes - L. innocua monocytogenes - S. aureus monocytogenes. 5 3 8 1. (4.3) (2.6) (7.0) (0.9). L. innocua (13 isolates, 11.3%). L. L. L. L.. innocua - L. monocytogenes - S. aureus innocua - L. monocytogenes innocua - S. aureus innocua. 5 3 2 3. (4.3) (2.6) (1.7) (2.6). L. welshimeri (7 isolates, 6.1%). S. aureus (83 isolates, 72.2%). S. S. S. S. S.. aureus aureus aureus aureus aureus. -. L. L. L. L.. 5 8 2 4 64. monocytogenes - L. innocua monocytogenes innocua welshimeri. ò 7 14.8% (17ò)öB ªÒ>îb, L. º 11.3% (13ò)öB Ò L. welshimeriº ò)öB '' ªÒ .ÿ;>î, S. aureusº C ò 7 72.2% (83ò)öB ªÒ .ÿ;>î . B 6>W Ö" ' ªÒö & B 6>W ¦Òº Table 2öB º :f ? L. monocytogenes~ ãÖ 17 ªÒ" 7 Teö & 94.1% (16") ÚWN &V>îb, Mi ö &Bº 88.2% (15"), Norö & 11.8% (2"), S öº 11.8% (2"), Cipö 5.9% (1"), Ò Cö 5.9% (1")~ ÚWN &V>î . L. innocua~ ãÖöº 13 ªÒ" 7 Teö & 53.8% (7"), Miöº 23.1% (3"), Sö 23.1% (3"), Cipö 7.7% (1") Ò Nor ö 7.7% (1")~ ÚWN '' &V>î, L. welshimeri ~ ãÖöº 7"~ ªÒ" 7 Teö & 57.1% (4") Ò Amöº 14.3% (1")~ ÚWN '' &V>î , S. aureus~ ãÖöº 83 ªÒ"öB Teö &B 83 ªÒ" ÎvöB ÚW &V>îb, Gmö &Bº 86.7% (72"), Pö & 34.9% (29"), Cipö 15.7% (13 "), Ccö 12% (10") Ò Eöº 9.6% (8")~ ÚW N '' &V>î . Disk agar diffusion method Ö ", L. monocytogenes 5 S. aureusöB Va ÚW ¸² ¾æÒb¾ ö & MIC G; Ö", Îv 6>W " 6>î (MICß4 µg/ml). B ÚW F; Table 3öB º :f ?, L. monocytogenes~ ã Ö Te .Mi .Cipf Te .Mi .Nor 3B ÚW;f '' 5.9%. 115 innocua 6.1% (7 115. 4 (3.5) 3 (2.6). L. welshimeri - S. aureus L. welshimeri. (4.3) (7.0) (1.7) (3.5) (55.7). Table 2. Antimicrobial resistance of isolates of Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus from poultry carcasses Microorganism. Antimicrobial agent. No. (%) of resistant isolates. L. monocytogenes (17 isolates). Cip C Mi Nor S Te. 1 1 15 2 2 16. (5.9) (5.9) (88.2) (11.8) (11.8) (94.1). L. innocua (13 isolates). Cip Mi Nor S Te. 1 3 1 3 7. (7.7) (23.1) (7.7) (23.1) (53.8). L. welshimeri (7 isolates). Am Te. 1 (14.3) 4 (57.1). S. aureus (83 isolates). Cip Cc E Gm P Te. 13 10 8 72 29 83. (15.7) (12) (9.6) (86.7) (34.9) (100). Cip, Ciprofloxacin; C, Chloramphenicol; Mi, Minocycline; Nor, Norfloxacin; S, Streptomycin; Te, Tetracycline; Am, Ampicillin; Cc, Clindamycin; E, Erythromycin; Gm, Gentamicin; P, Penicillin. " &, Te .Mi 5 Te .Nor 2B ÚW;f '' 76.5%, " f 5.9% (1") &V>î . L. innocua~ ãÖö. (1 ) (13 ).

(4) î êÁf&òÁ²ÎîÁ;ÁªæÁ;ÖãÁsB"Á;Ï^. 220. Table 3. Drug resistant patterns of Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry carcasses Microorganism. Resistant pattern. Te . Mi . Cip L. monocytogenes Te . Mi . Nor (17) Te . Mi Te . Nor Te . Mi . S . Cip . Nor Te . Mi . S L. innocua (13) Te . Mi Te . S. S. aureus (83). Te . Gm . P. Cip . Cc . E Te . Gm . Cip . Cc . E Te . Gm . P. Cc Te . Gm . P Te . Gm . Cip Te . P. Cip Te . Gm . Cc Te . Gm Te . P Te . Cip. No. (%) of resistant isolates 1 1 13 1. (5.9) (5.9) (76.5) (5.9). 1 1 1 1. (7.7) (7.7) (7.7) (7.7). 5 3 1 13 2 2 1 47 8 1. (6.0) (3.6) (1.2) (15.6) (2.4) (2.4) (1.2) (56.6) (9.6) (1.2). º Te .Mi .S .Cip .Norf Te .Mi .S, Te .Mi Ò Te .S Ú W; '' 7.7% (1") &V>î. S. aureus~ ãÖ Te . Gm . P . Cip . Cc . E (6.0%) 6B ÚW;, Te .Gm . Cip .Cc .E (3.6%) 5B ÚW;, Te .Gm .P . Cc (1.2%) 4B ÚW;, Te .Gm .P (15.6%), Te .P .Cip (2.4%), Te .Gm . Cip (2.4%), Ò Te .Gm .Cc (1.2%) 3B ÚW;, Te .Gm (56.6%), Te .P (9.6%), Ò Te .Cip (1.2%) 2B ÚW; '' &V>î .. V. Listeria spp. 5 S. aureus~ J"ê 5 ªÒö & B 6>W ¦Ò¢ ~ Ö" 115 &¦b 7 L. monocytogenesº 14.8% (17), L. innocuaº 11.3% (13), L. welshimeriº 6.1% (7)öB ªÒ>º êGöB~ Listeria spp. J"êº ² Ôf > S. aureusº 115B~ &¦b 7öB 72.2% (83) J "ê& 'j r > ®î . 6 ÿ¢ &¦böB ÿö ¦Â>º ãÖê ô~ . ¯, 4«~ &¦böB ÿö ªÒB ãÖº ìîæò, S. aureusf L. monocytogenes Ò L. innocua& ÿ ¢ &¦böB ªÒ>º ãÖº C 115~ &¦b. 7. ~ &¦böB ªÒ>î f & ÿö ªÒB ãÖº &b f 6º & ÿö ªÒ B ãÖº '' f & ~ &¦böB f & ÿö ªÒ>î. ¢ B ~ B ÚW V&f " ~ O»ö V¢ B ÚW V&j ;~&. ê Bº êf ê Bf z®Ú ²rW" ²·W Îvö Î"' B > ® [24, 36]. V¢B öBê B¢ 7b ~ B 6> W ¦Ò¢ >¯ Ö", tetracyclineê bî Te~ ãÖ L. monocytogenesº 94.1%, L. innocuaº 53.0%, L. welshimeriº 57.1%~ ÚWN '' &V>î, S. aureusº 83 ÎvöB Teö ÚW &V>îb 6. tetracyclineê B Miö & L. monocytogenes ~ ãÖöº Te~ ãÖ. ² Ôf ÚWN (88.2%) &V>îæò L. innocua~ ãÖöº *&® Ôf Ú WN (23.1%) &V>î . Ò aminoglycosideê B Sö & L. monocytogenes~ ãÖöº 11.8%~ Ò L. innocua~ ãÖöº 23.1%~ ÚWN &V >îæò ?f ê~ B An" Gm, K, N Ò Nnö & Listeria spp. ªÒ" ÎvöB 6>W ;>îb, S. aureus~ ãÖöº Gmö & 86.7% ~ ÚWN &V>î . 6 macrolideê B E ö & S. aureusöBò 9.6%~ ÚWN &V>î, Listeria spp.~ Î "öBº ÚW &V>æ p j ?f ²·Wö ÒÏ>º ?f ê~ B¢ ~z¢ê ê 6>Wö N& ®rj { > ® î . β-Lactamê B penicillin ~f cephalosporin ~ ö & ªÒ"~ 6>W ¦Ò¢ ~ Ö" L. welshimeri~ ãÖöº Amö & 14.3%~ ÚWN & V>îæò BöBº ÚW &V>æ p~ b, L. monocytogenesf L. innocua~ ãÖöê βlactamê B ÎvöB 6>W &V>î . Ò S. aureus~ ãÖöº 34.9%öB Pö & ÚW &V >îæò, Cff Nfö &Bº Î ªÒ"öB 6>W &V>î . 2^& quinolone BB Cip, Nor Ò Ofxö & ªÒ"~ 6>W ¦Ò¢ ~ Ö" Cipö & L. monocytogenesº 5.9%~, L. innocua~ ãÖöº 7.7% Ò S. aureus~ ãÖöº 15.7%~ ÚWN &V> îb, Norö & L. monocytogenesº 11.8%, L. innocua~ ãÖöº 7.7%~ ÚWN &VB > L.. 4.3% , S. aureus L. monocytogenes 7.0% , S. aureus L. innocua L. welshimeri 1.7% 3.5% , 2.6% L. monocytogenes L. innocua . Am, P Listeria spp. Abrahim et al. [5] Bauer et al. [11] . Aminoglycoside tetracycline macrolide.

(5) êGöB ªÒ Listeria speciesf Staphylococcus aureus~ B ÚWNZ. ~ ãÖöº quinolone BB & Îv 6>W j &b, L. monocytogenesf L. innocua ÎvöBê Ofxö ÚW &V>æ p~ . Chloramphenicol ê~ B Cö &Bº L. monocytogenes~ ãÖ 5.9%~ ÚWN &VB >. Listeria spp. 5 S. aureus~ ãÖöº Î ªÒ"ö B 6>W &V>î . 6 lincomycinê bî Ccö &, S. aureusº 12%~ ÚWN &V>îº º öB ªÒ S. aureus¢ lincomycinê b î lincomycinö & 6>W ¦¢ Ò~ Ö " 19%~ ÚWN &V>î º f ~ ¢~ j { > ®î . Franco et al. [21] êêË öB ªÒ Listeria spp. &¦ª Te ÚWî~ ©¾" þöBê L. monocytogenes ªÒ" 94.1%~ ÚWN &V>îæò, Antunes et al. [7] êGöB ªÒ Listeria spp.öB Teö & ÚWNf L. monocytogenesöBº Îv 6> Wj, L. innocuaf L. welshimeri~ ãÖöê 28%f 13% ÚWN jv' Ô Ö"fº ² Ö"& &V>îb ÚöBê Ú êêËöB ªÒ L. monocytogenesö & Te~ ÚWNf 10.7% [2] , ãÎæO êêËöB ªÒ L. monocytogenes 7 14%ò Teö ÚW &V>î º [3]fê ç N& &V>î . -æò R. Ö êG öB ªÒ Listeria spp. 5 ÚöB ªÒ L. monocytogenes ÎvöB Cf Cf 5 Ofx Ò Pö & Îv 6>W &VB [2, 3, 7]¾" þö Bê B~ ÚW¦º Listeria spp. ªÒ" Î vöB ¢~~º Ö"& &V>î . South Africa~ êê "; 7öB ªÒ S. aureus & ¦ª Teö ÚW &V>î º [22]¢ 7 > ®îº, þöBê ÚöB 6 > ®º êG öB ªÒ 83" ÎvöB Teö ÚWj Ö"f ¢~~& . ~æò çëÏ broileröB ªÒ S. aureus 40%öB [43], î &.öB ªÒ S. aureus 7 47%ò Teö ÚW &V>î º [4]fº. ² ç Ö"& &V>îb, îf êGö B ªÒ S. aureus ÎvöB Cö & 6>Wj &. º [4, 43]¾" þöBê ªÒ" ÎvöB Cö & 6>W &V>î . îæïb ÒÏB bî Vaf glycopeptide B BB ²·Wö Ö Î"' BB Ò²ö B staphylococcif enterococci 6" ~òö 6Ò ÒÏ> ® [28, 37]. Vaº 6 methicillin-resistant S. aureus 6" ~ò¢ * F [32]>Úæº B 6Ò r J^ ®æò " ~ , &æ Ò »" welshimeri. 221. *·Êf ¢ æöB Vaö & 6>W &~ (MICs >4 µg/ml)f methicillin & S. aureus Â*ö & ¢ 7 > ®Ú [34, 39, 40], ¶ ê Ú ªÒ "¢ &çb ~ 6>W ¦Ò¢ >¯~& . þ ~ disk agar difusion testòj J~ Va ÚW S. aureus 5 L. monocytogenes& Ú¶ ;ê Ò~º ©b J > ®b¾ Vaº VæöB~ {ÖË ÎÚææ disk agar difusion testöBº ÚW "Ë>² CF Ö J& ® [33]. V¢B Va~ ãÖº º& MIC G;j jº ~, Ö", S. aureus 5 Listeria spp. ªÒ" öF Va ÚWj &V > ìî . j Manie et al. [30] Îj*Ò~ êÚË" ËöB 6 > ®º êGöB ªÒ Staphylococcus spp.öB Vaö & disk agar diffusion O»j ÒÏ~ 6>W ¦¢ Ò Ö " '' 14.3%f 7.0%~ ÚWNj : ®b¾, *Òræ Va& &.¾ Ï &»ö ÒÏ>î. º º ìº ç [8, 10]. æ.ræ B Va ÚW S. aureusº Îv methicillin ÚWj ÿö ¾æÞ >, þ~ ªÒ" f methicillin ÚWj æ pf ©ê ?f Ö"f ¢ çÛ~ ® . ¾ " öB Va ÚW "& ÷ö~ öBê BÒ > ®º ò¢ êGöB~ Va ÚW " screeningf æ³>Ú¢ ©b 'B . ' "ê B ÚW F;j ÚÚ ÖF L. monocytogenes~ ãÖ 3B ÚW; (11.8%)" 2B ÚW; (82.4%) &V>îb, L. innocua~ ãÖöº z× '~ 5B (7.7%)f 3B (7.7%) Ò 2B (15.4%) Ú W; &V>î . S. aureus~ ãÖöº Listeria spp.~ ãÖ B ÚW F; Ç~ ·~ 14«~ B 7 6«~ Bö ÚWj º ÚW ; (6.0%), 3B ç ÚW; (32.4%), 2B ÚW; (67.4%) &V>î . L. monocytogenesf L. innocua~ ÚW F; NZj jv FÒW ;>Ú ç^ Ú W *2 ö & & ºê Ú^¢ ©b '>îb, Ò B~ «~& 'V ¢ ; {~² jv " >º ìæò ãÎæO~ F&Ë, ê »Ë 5 êêË Ò ÖÒ 5 îÒf êÒöB FÂ >º ö>¦V ªÒ L. monocytogenes ªÒ"¢ & çb ~ 9«~ B¢ ÒÏ~ B 6>W ¦Ò¢ >¯~ ÚW F;j Ò Ö" 3B (47.2%)f 2B (48.7%) ÚW; &V>î º [3] f R. êGöB ªÒ Listeria spp¢ &çb 14«~ B 6>W ¦Ò¢ >¯~ ÚW F;j Ò~ Ö" L. monocytogenes~ ãÖöº 2B Ú W; (31.6%)ò &V>î, L. innocua~ ãÖöº 4B ÚW; (3.3%), 3B ÚW; (10%) Ò 2B ÚW;.

(6) 222. î êÁf&òÁ²ÎîÁ;ÁªæÁ;ÖãÁsB"Á;Ï^. &V>Ú [7] Listeria spp.öBê S. aureus¾ " B ÚW;~ Â* Þ'b Úæ ®r j { > ®î . Ö"¾" Tef Mi ~ Bö ÚW ¸ 6 2B 5 B ÚW;~ jN ¸f Fº B& &., <², · Ò "æ öB 6" ~ ò~ Ï'b ÒÏ> ®j öò jî¢ ôf v>¢ ÒG~ ®º &. ³ËöBº î÷ ~ò Ï'~ Nö öB öò jî¢ &»~ WË /ê 5 î÷~ .ON ööB Òò¾ b 6º aerosole ç />º Z .B~² J.ÎÏ> ®º ;öB jB ©¢ '>Ú [18] B ÒÏö ®Ú B J .ÎÏö & &k ~ Ò îN>Ú¢ ©b '>îb, ' &ê Ò ªÒ Vê "î ÚWj º B «~f ÚW F; ¢ ÚöBê *' b êGj ~ ' ®ê ' "ö & J "êf B 6>W ¦Ò& ;V' Ò & j º~ '>î . 6 öBº Ò>æ p ~æò Te 5 Mi ~ ÚW" &NB F*¶¢ F plasmid¢ Listeria spp.ö " *2~º "º Enterococcus, Streptococcus Ò Staphylococcus [17] b rJ^ ®Ú "ö & ªÒf B 6 >W ¦Ò¢ ? >¯~æ pf 6 jÚ 6¢ '>îæò þöB ªÒB S. aureus ÎvöB Te ö ÚWj 6" Listeria spp.öB Teö & ÚW ¸f 6 "~ ç&Wö & º º ê z >¯>Ú¢ ª¢¢ 'B .. (33.3%). Ö . Ú 7öB 6 > ®º êG 115îÒöB 5 S. aureus~ J"êf ªÒ "ö & B 6>W ¦Ò¢ ~ B ÚW" B ÚW F;j Ò Ö"º r" ? . (1) L. monocytogenesº 115 &¦b 7 14.8%öB, L. innocua~ ãÖöº 11.3%, L. welshimeriº 6.1% Ò S. aureusº 72.2%~ J"ê& &V>î . (2) ªÒ "ö & B 6>W ¦Òº L. monocytogenes~ ãÖöº Te (94.1%), Mi (88.2%), Nor (11.8%), S (11.8%), Cip (5.9%), Ò C (5.9%)öB Ú W &V>î, L. innocua~ ãÖöº Te (53.8%), Mi (23.1%), S (23.1%), Cip (7.7%) Ò Nor (7.7%)öB, L. welshimeri~ ãÖöº Te (57.1%) Ò Am (14.3%) öB ÚW &V>îb, S. aureus~ ãÖöº Te (100%), Gm (86.7%), P (34.9%), Cip (15.7%), Cc (12%) Ò E (9.6%)öB ÚW &V>î .. Listeria spp.. (3) ' "ê B ÚW F;f L. monocytogenes ~ ãÖöº Te .Mi .Cip (5.9%), Te .Mi .Nor (5.9%), Te .Mi (76.5%), Te .Nor (5.9%)î, L. innocua~ ãÖöº Te . Mi .S .Cip .Nor (7.7%), Te .Mi . S (7.7%), Te . Mi (7.7%), Te . S (7.7%) îb S. aureus~ ãÖöº Te .Gm . P .Cip .Cc .E (6.0%), Te .Gm .Cip .Cc .E (3.6%), Te .Gm .P .Cc (1.2%), Te . Gm . P (15.6%), Te .Gm . Cip (2.4%), Te .P .Cip (2.4%), Te . Gm . Cc (1.2%), Te . Gm (56.6%), Te .P (9.6%), Te . Cip (1.2%) . L. monocytogenes S. aureus Te. b &V>î. ç~ Ö"º 5 ö ®Ú öò jî¢ ôf Bö ÚW 6N Ã& ~ ®b 6 B ÚW Ã&~ ®Ú Ï & »öB B~ Zªê ÒÏö & B& jº j r > ®î .. ^^ò ã>~"¦ö. ã>~"¦ö B 2002-3^: »Öb~ &V& 5 WªÏ. ã>~ "¦ö. 2002, 216-219. 2. ¶ö", ;^. êêË F¾ Vf ¦Öb 5 ~ ãÒòöB Listeria spp.~ ªÒ 5 ªÒ~ ßW II. ªÒ L. monocytogenes~ .Ó;" Bö & 6>W. &>~²æ. 1990, 31, 279-284. 3. Æ*, ¶ö", ;^. &»ÒGË ö>¦V Listeria monocytogenes~ ªÒ 5 ªÒ~ £B Ú W. >~7². 2000, 24, 9-15. 1.. 4. Aaresrup, F. M., Agersφ, Y., Ahrens, P., Jφrgensen, J. C. φ., Madsen, M. and Jensen, L. B. Antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of resistance genes in staphylococci from poultry. Vet. Microbiol. 2000, 74, 353-364. 5. Abrahim, A., Papa, A., Soultos, N., Ambrosiadis, I. and Antoniadis, A. Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. isolates from Traditionally made fresh sausages in Greece. J. Food Prot. 1998, 61, 13781380. 6. Abuín, C. M. F., Fernández, E. J. Q., Sampayo, C. F., Otero, J. L. R., Rodríguez, L. D. and Sáez, A. C. Susceptibilities of Listeria species isolated from food to nine antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1994, 38, 1655-1657. 7. Antunes, P., Réu, C., Sousa, J. C., Pestana, N. and peixe L. Incidence and susceptility to antimicrobial agent of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from poultry carcasses in Porto, Portugal. J. Food Prot. 2002, 65, 1888-1893. 8. Bager, F. Madsen, M. Christensen, J. and Aarestrup,.

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