Scale Effects and Field Applications for Continuous Intrusion Miniature Cone Penetrometer

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*** ᔝᖒྜྷᔑ(ᵝ) Õᖅᇡྙ ʑᚁᩑǍᖝ░ ᖁᯥ ([email protected])

Received December 14, 2012/ revised May 8, 2013/ accepted September 4, 2013

Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)

ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹ͸ͷʹȀǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵Ǥ͸Ǥʹ͵ͷͻ ǤǤǤ

⮮❋ኾⵃ㯓#❊㯓㔖ኾⵃ⢚㮖Ꮾ⮎#ᢾ㬚#㘪Ꮾ㱦ኺ#⇍#㯂ⵣ⶿Ⱨ

ଗন৤ȵ׌ָটȵଲ஼෴ȵ਑ܛ෮

Yoon, Sungsoo*, Kim, Kyu-Sun**, Lee, Jin Hyung***, Shin, Dong-Hyun****

Scale Effects and Field Applications for Continuous Intrusion Miniature Cone Penetrometer

ABSTRACT

Cone penetration tests (CPTs) have been increasingly used for site characterizations. However, the site investigations using CPTs are often limited due to soil conditions depending on the cone size and capacity of the CPT system. The small sectional area of a miniature cone improves the applicability of the CPT system due to the increased capacity of the CPT system. A continuous intrusion system using a coiled rod allows fast and cost effective site investigation. In this study, the performance of the continuous intrusion miniature cone penetration test (CIMCPT) system has been evaluated by comparison tests with the standard CPT system at several construction sites in Korea. The results show that the CIMCPT system has a same performance with the CPT system and has advantages on the mobility and applicability. According to field verification tests for scale effect evaluation, the cone tip resistance evaluated by CIMCPT overestimates by 10% comparing to standard CPTs. A crawler mounted with the CIMCPT system has been implemented to improve accessibility to soft ground, and has shown improvement over the truck type CIMCPT system. Therefore, the improved CIMCPT system can be utilized as a cost effective and highly reliable soil investigation methodology to detect the depth of soft ground and to evaluate soil classification.

Key words : Cone penetration test, Continuous intrusion, Miniature cone, Scale effect

Ⅹಾ

⎹š᯦᜽⨹ᮡ⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍ᜽⨹ჶᮝಽᔍᬊኩࠥa᷾aࡹŁᯩ݅. ə్ӹ⎹š᯦᜽⨹ᮡ⎹Ⓧʑ᪡ᬊప॒ᨱ঑௝ᱢᬊa܆⦽⩥ᰆ᳑Õᯕᱽ⦽

ࡹ۵݉ᱱᯕᯩ݅. ᗭ⩶⎹᮹qᗭࡽ݉໕ᱢᮡ᜽ᜅ▽ᬊపᮥ᷾ݡ᜽⍽ᱢᬊᖒᮥ⨆ᔢ᜽┍ᙹᯩᮝ໑, ⎵ᯝ᜾೐ऽෝᯕᬊ⦽ᩑᗮš᯦᜽ᜅ▽ᮡ

ᝁᗮ⦹ŁĞᱽᱢᯙḡၹ᳑ᔍෝa܆⦹í⦽݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ǎԕᩍ్⩥ᰆᨱᕽᩑᗮš᯦⩶ᗭ⩶⎹š᯦᜽⨹᜽ᜅ▽᮹ᖒ܆ᮥ⢽ᵡ⎹š᯦᜽

⨹᜽ᜅ▽ŝ᮹እƱ᜽⨹ᮥ☖⦹ᩍ⠪a⦹ᩡ݅. ᗭ⩶⎹š᯦᜽⨹ᰆእ۵ʑ᳕᮹⢽ᵡ⎹š᯦᜽⨹ᰆእ᪡እƱ⦹ᩍḡၹᱶᙹࠥ⇽ၰḡၹᇥඹᨱ

࠺ᯝ⦽ᖒ܆ᮥၽ⭹⦹۵äᮥ⪶ᯙ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᰆእ᮹ʑ࠺ᖒၰᱢᬊݡᔢ☁ḩ⪶ݡ॒᮹ᰆᱱᮥӹ┡ԕ۵äᮝಽ⠪aࡹᨩ݅. Ⓧʑ⬉ŝá᷾ᮥ

᭥⦽⩥ᰆ᜽⨹đŝʑ᳕᜽⨹ႊჶᨱእ⧕⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ᮹Ğᬑ۵᧞10% ŝݡ⠪a⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ₉ప⩶┽᮹᳑ᔍᰆእ۵⢽⊖ᯕᩑ᧞⦹

Ñӹḥ᯦ᯕᨕಅᬕĞᬑᨱ۵᳑ᔍ᮹⦽ĥaᯩᮝအಽ, ȅࠥᰆ⊹ᨱ┲ᰍࡽᩑᗮš᯦⩶ᗭ⩶⎹š᯦᜽⨹᜽ᜅ▽ᮝಽ}ᖁ⦹ᩍᱢᬊᖒᮥ⪶ݡ᜽

⎑݅. ঑௝ᕽ}ᖁࡽᩑᗮš᯦⩶ᗭ⩶⎹š᯦᜽⨹᜽ᜅ▽ᮡᩑ᧞ḡၹᝍࠥ┱ḡၰ⮺ᇥඹ᜽ĞᱽᱢᯕŁᝁ഑ᖒ׳ᮡḡၹ᳑ᔍႊჶᮝಽ⪽ᬊ⧁

ᙹᯩ݅.

áᔪᨕ ⎹š᯦᜽⨹, ᩑᗮš᯦, ᗭ⩶⎹, Ⓧʑ⬉ŝ

ݓъėॡ

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Fig. 1. Miniature Cone Versus Standard Cone

1. ᕽು

↽ɝᙹᝎ֥eʑၹ᜽ᖅÕᖅᮥ᭥⦽☁༊Ǎ᳑ྜྷ᮹Õᖅᯕ

Ųჵ᭥⦹íᯕ൉ᨕᲙ᪵ᮝ໑, ᯕᨱ঑ෙ݅᧲⦽⩶┽᮹ḡၹ᳑ᔍa

ᙹ⧪ࡹŁᯩ݅. ᦩᱥ⦹ŁĞᱽᱢᯙǍ᳑ྜྷÕᖅᮥ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ݡᔢ

ᇡḡᨱ ݡ⦽ Ŗ⦺ᱢ ✚ᖒᮥ ᱶ⪶⦹í ❭ᦦ⦹۵ äᐱอ ᦥܩ௝,

᜽Ŗ᜽ᇩ⪶ᝅ⦽ญᜅⓍෝ↽ᗭ⪵⦹ŁŖᔍෝᬱ⪽⦹íḥ⧪⧁

ᙹᯩࠥಾḡ⊖᮹⩶┽ෝᱶ⪶⦹í❭ᦦ⦹۵äੱ⦽ๅᬑᵲ᫵⦹݅.

ᯕᨱ ঑௝, ᩍ్ ᳦ඹ᮹ ⩥ᰆ᳑ᔍ ᜽⨹ჶᯕ ḡၹ᳑ᔍ ʑჶᮝಽ

ᱽᦩၰᱢᬊࡹᨕ᪵݅. bb᮹᜽⨹ჶᮡŖ⦺ᱢๅ⍅ܩ᷹ၰ}ၽ

႑Ğ॒ᯕ݅෕ʑভྙᨱ, ᳑ᔍݡᔢၰ᜽⨹ჶᮥᱶ⪶⦹í❭ᦦ⦹ᩍ

ᬊࠥᨱ฿íᯕᬊ⧕᧝⦽݅. ☖ᔢᱢᮝಽ⮺᮹✚ᖒ❭ᦦၰᇥඹෝ

᭥⧕ᔍᬊࡹ۵ḡၹ᳑ᔍʑჶᵲ⎹š᯦᜽⨹(Cone Penetration Test, CPT)ᮡᬱ⇵༉᧲᮹⎹ᮥᯝᱶ⦽ᗮࠥಽḡᵲᨱš᯦⦹໕ᕽ

⎹ᱡ⧎ಆŝ ᵝ໕ษₑಆᮥ ᩑᗮᱢᮝಽ ⊂ᱶ⦹۵ ᜽⨹ ʑჶᯕ݅.

CPT۵1930֥ݡᨱօ޽௡ऽᨱᕽ↽Ⅹಽ}ၽࡹᨩᮝ໑, ᯕ⬥b᳦

ĥ⊂ ᖝᕽ ၰ ߑᯕ░⃹ญ ᰆ⊹ ॒᮹ ၽݍŝ ⧉̹ ʑ܆ᯕ Ⓧí

}ᖁࡹᨩ݅. ⩥ᰍ۵ ⢽ᵡš᯦᜽⨹(Standard Penetration Test, SPT)ŝ޵ᇩᨕḡၹ᳑ᔍႊჶ᮹ݡ⢽ᱢᯙ᜽⨹ჶᮝಽᔍᬊࡹŁ

ᯩ݅(Robertson and Campanella, 1988; Lunne et al., 1997).

CPT᮹ᯝ᳦ᯙᗭ⩶⎹š᯦᜽⨹(Miniature Cone Penetration Test, MCPT)ᮡᰆእ᮹Ğప⪵᪡ᩑᗮš᯦(Continuous Intrusion)

ᮥ☖⦹ᩍĞᱽᱢᯕŁᝁᗮ⦽ḡၹ᳑ᔍaa܆⦹ࠥಾ}ၽࡽḡၹ

᳑ᔍႊჶᯕ໑, ᯕ్⦽✚ᖒᮥၹᩢ⦹ᩍᩑᗮš᯦⩶ᗭ⩶⎹š᯦

᜽⨹(Continuous Intrusion Miniature Cone Penetration Test, CIMCPT)ᮝಽ໦໦⦹Łᯩ݅(Kurup and Tumay, 1999). ǎԕᨱ

᯦ࠥࡹᨕ⪽ᬊࡹŁᯩ۵CIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮡ12 m ⎵ᯝ᜾೐ऽෝ

ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ10 m ԕ᫙᮹ᝍࠥᨱݡ⦽☁⊖ᇥඹ, ḡၹ✚ᖒᇥᕾၰ

ᩑ᧞ḡၹ┱ḡ॒ᨱ⪽ᬊࡹŁᯩᮝ໑, ᳑ᔍ༊⢽ᝍࠥᨱ঑௝15 m⪚ᮡ20 m ⎵ᯝ᜾೐ऽಽƱℕ⦹ᩍᯕᬊ⧁Ğᬑʫᮡᝍࠥᨱ

ݡ⦽᳑ᔍࠥa܆⦹݅. Ⅹʑᨱ᯦ࠥࡽCIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮡ᳑ᔍ₉ప ᮝಽ}᳑ࡽᵲప2.5 ★✙౎ᨱᰆ₊⦹ᩍᬕᩢ⦹ᩡ݅(Yoon et al., 2009; 2010). ₉పᮥᯕᬊ⦽ḡၹ᳑ᔍ۵ʑ࠺ᖒŝ᳑ᔍ⠙᮹ᖒ

॒᮹ᰆᱱᮥaḡŁᯩḡอ, ₉ලᨱᱥݍࡹ۵ⓑᱲḡᦶᮝಽᯙ⧕

⢽⊖ᯕ ᩑ᧞⦽Ğᬑᨱ۵ ᰆእ ᬕ⧪᜽ ᳑ᔍ ᦩᱶᖒᮥ⪶ᅕ⦹ʑ

ᨕಅᬑ໑, ੱ⦽ ᔢᇡᨱ ݉݉⦽ ๅพ⊖ᯕ ᳕ᰍ⧁ Ğᬑ ⎹š᯦ᨱ

ᱽ᧞ᯕ ᯩ۵॒ ݅᧲⦽ ☁⊖ᨱݡ⦽ ᱢᬊᖒᯕ ਉᨕḡ۵݉ᱱᯕ

ၽᔾ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕ్⦽݉ᱱᮥᅕ᪥⦹ʑ᭥⦹ᩍCIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮥ

ȅࠥᰆ⊹ᨱᰆ₊⦹۵॒᳑ᔍᰆእ᮹ᖒ܆ᮥ}ᖁ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰆᱢᬊ

ჵ᭥ෝ⪶ݡ⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵CIMCPT᪡ʑ᳕᮹⢽ᵡCPT᪡

᮹እƱá᷾ᮥ᭥⦹ᩍᕽಽ݅ෙ☁ḩ✚ᖒᮥӹ┡ԕ۵3}⩥ᰆᨱ ᕽbbᙹ⧪ࡽ᜽⨹đŝᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍ⎹Ⓧʑᨱ঑ෙⓍʑ⬉ŝ

(scale effect)ᨱݡ⧕ᕽ⠪a⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ✙౎⩶┽᮹᳑ᔍ₉పᨱ

ᰆ₊ࡽCIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ŝȅࠥᰆ⊹ᨱᰆ₊ࡹᨕ}పࡽCIMCPT

᜽ᜅ▽᮹ᩑ᧞ḡၹ┱ḡෝ᭥⦽⩥ᰆᱢᬊđŝෝእƱᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.

2. ᩑᗮš᯦⩶ᗭ⩶⎹š᯦᜽⨹

2.1 ী෴಺ւ଺ਏ෠Թࢳࢼլ

⎹š᯦᜽⨹(CPT)ᮡ⎹ᖁ݉ŝᵝ໕ᨱ᭥⊹⦽ಽऽᖡ(load cell) ᨱᕽᝍࠥᨱ঑௝⊂ᱶ⦽⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ(qc)ၰᵝ໕ษₑಆ(fs)ᮥᯕᬊ⦹

ᩍ ⮺ᇥඹ ၰ Ŗ⦺ᱢ ✚ᖒᮥ ❭ᦦ⦹۵ߑ ᯕᬊࡹ۵ ᜽⨹ჶᯕ݅.

CPT۵ᯝၹᱢᮝಽ10 cm²᮹݉໕ᱢ᮹⢽ᵡ⎹ᯕᔍᬊࡹ໑, ݡᝍࠥ

᳑ᔍෝ᭥⧕ᕽ15 cm²᮹݉໕ᱢᮥaḡ۵ݡ⩶⎹ᯕᔍᬊࡹʑࠥ

⦽݅(Yoon, 2009). CPT۵ᯱ࠺⪵ࡽĥ⊂᜽ᜅ▽ᮥ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍᬱḡ ၹ᮹✚ᖒᮥᩑᗮᱢᮝಽ᳑ᔍ⧁ᙹᯩ۵ᰆᱱভྙᨱᔍᬊᯕ᷾aࡹ

Łᯩ۵᜽⨹ჶᯕḡอ, ⢽ᵡ⎹ᮥᔍḩ☁ḡၹᨱᱢᬊ⧁Ğᬑᨱ۵

⎹᮹ḡᵲš᯦ᮥ᭥⧕ᕽၹಆᬊపᯕⓑݡ⩶ᰆእa᫵ǍࡹŁ,

᧞1 m ʙᯕ᮹೐ऽෝၹᅖᱢᮝಽᩑđ⦹໕ᕽ᜽⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⧕᧝

⦹အಽ, ᝍࠥaʫᨕḩᙹಾᗭ᫵᜽eၰእᬊᯕ᷾a⦹۵݉ᱱᯕ

ᯩ݅. ੱ⦽, ⎹᮹ ḢĞᯕ ⍅ḡí ࡹ໕ š᯦ᨱ ঑ෙ ᵝᄡḡၹ᮹

ᱥ݉ᄡ⩶ᨱ޵մᮡ໕ᱢᯕᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹íࡹᨕ, ᗭᖒᩢᩎᮥ᷾a᜽

┅အಽ⊂ᱶ⧕ᔢࠥaqᗭ⦹íࡽ݅(Powell and Quarterman, 1988; Hird et al., 2003). ঑௝ᕽ, š᯦ ᜽ ḡၹƱ௡ᮥ ↽ᗭ⪵

⦹Ł, ⊂ᱶ⧕ᔢࠥෝ׳ᯕ໑, ᰆእᬊపᮥqᗭ᜽┍ᙹᯩ۵ᗭ⩶⎹

ᯕ}ၽࡹᨩᮝ໑ၙᵝḡᩎᨱᕽ۵⩥ᰆᱢᬊੱ⦽᷾a⦹Łᯩ݅

(Tumay and Kurup, 1997; Kurup and Tumay, 1999; Titi et al., 2001). CIMCPT۵1990֥ݡၙǎ൉ᯕḡᧁӹݡ⦺(Louisiana State University) ၰ൉ᯕḡᧁӹƱ☖ᩑǍᗭ(Louisiana Transportation Research Center, LTRC)ᨱᕽ⢽ᵡCPT᮹݉ᱱᮥᅕ᪥⦹ʑ᭥⦽

ᩑǍ᮹ᯝ⪹ᮝಽ}ၽࡹᨩᮝ໑, ⎹݉໕ᱢᮡ⢽ᵡ⎹ᨱእ⧕1/5ಽ

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Fig. 2. Continuous Intrusion Miniature Cone Penetration Test (CIMCPT) System

(a) Truck

(b) Crawler

Fig. 3. Research Vehicle for CIMCPT System qᗭ᜽┅Ł(Fig. 1), ᩑᗮš᯦ᯕa܆⦹ࠥಾᜅ▭ᯙ౩ᜅಽᱽ᯲ࡽ

⎵ᯝ᜾೐ऽ(coiled rod)᪡ᯱ࠺š᯦ᰆ⊹ෝᔍᬊ⦹ᩍᰆእ᮹Ⓧʑ

ෝ ᗭ⩶⪵᪡ ᝁᗮ⦹Ł Ğᱽᱢᯙ ḡၹ᳑ᔍෝ a܆⦹í ⦹ᩡ݅

(Tumay and Kurup, 1997; Tumay and Kurup, 1999; Tumay et al., 2001).

2.2 ઴ুւ଺෴ী෴಺ւ଺ਏ෠ୋ౿

ǎԕᨱ᯦ࠥࡽCIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮡၙǎLTRC᮹ᰆ⊹ෝʑᅙ

༉ߙಽᱽ᯲ࡹᨩ݅. CIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮡ⎵ᯝ⩶┽ಽᱽ᯲ࡽᜅ▭ᯙ ౩ᜅ⎹ᮥᮁᦶ༉░᪡ℕᯙ⩶┽᮹ྕ⦽ȅࠥෝ☖⦹ᩍᩑᗮᱢᮝಽ

ḡᵲš᯦᜽┅۵ᩑᗮš᯦(continuous intrusion) ᰆ⊹ෝᯕᬊ⦽݅

(Fig. 2). ᱥℕᱢᮝಽCIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮡ1) ᩑᗮš᯦ᮥ᭥⦽⎵ᯝ

⩶ᗭ⩶⎹ŝḡᵲš᯦ᮥa܆⦹í⦹۵š᯦ᰆ⊹, 2) ⎹᮹ᖝᕽಽᇡ

░ᱥʑᝁ⪙ෝၼᦥĥ⊂ᮥa܆⦹í⦹۵ᯱഭ⊂ᱶ᜽ᜅ▽, 3)

᳑ᔍ᭥⊹ಽᇡ░ᯕ࠺ŝ⩥ᰆᨱᕽ᮹ ᯲ᨦၰš᯦ᰆ⊹ᨱ࠺ಆᮥ

ᱥݍ⦹Łḡᵲš᯦ᮥ᭥⦽ၹಆᮝಽ᯲ᬊ⦹۵᳑ᔍ₉ప᮹ᖙᇡᇥ ᮝಽ Ǎᖒࡹᨕ ᯩ݅. ⎵ᯝᮡ 300⫭ ᯕᔢ᮹ ⎵ᯝย(coiling) ၰ

ᨙ⎵ᯝย(uncoiling)ᨱ čॽ ᙹ ᯩࠥಾ ᱽ᯲ࡹᨩᮝ໑, ᯝၹᱢᯙ

š᯦ᝍࠥ۵᧞10 m(⎵ᯝƱℕ᜽↽ݡ20 m) ᯕ݅(Tumay and Kurup, 2001). ǎԕᨱ᯦ࠥࡽCIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮡⅩʑᨱ۵ᵲప

2.5★✙౎ᨱᰆ₊⦹ᩍᬕᩢࡹᨕ᪵ᮝ໑(Yoon et al., 2009), ⩥ᰍ ۵ ⅾᵲప 1★᮹ȅࠥᰆ⊹ᨱ ┲ᰍࡹᨕ ᬕᩢࡹŁᯩ݅(Fig. 3).

ᯝၹᱢᯙ⎹š᯦᜽⨹ŝษ₍aḡಽᝅ⨹ߑᯕ░۵ߑᯕ░≉ाᰆ

⊹ෝ☖⦹ᩍᝅ᜽e༉ܩ░ยၰᱡᰆᯕa܆⦹အಽ᜽⨹᜽ḡၹ

᳑Õᨱ ঑௝ ᷪ᜽ ݡ᮲ᯕ a܆⦽ ᰆᱱᯕ ᯩ݅.

ᗭ⩶⎹š᯦᜽⨹ᰆ⊹᮹š᯦ಆᮡ᧞14 kNʭḡၽ⭹⧁ᙹᯩᮝ ໑᧞60 MPa᮹⎹ᱡ⧎ಆŝ᧞0.6 MPa᮹ᵝ໕ษₑಆᮥ⊂ᱶ⧁

ᙹᯩᮝӹ, ᝅᱽ⩥ᰆᱢᬊđŝᨱ঑෕໕᳑ᔍa܆ḡၹᮡš᯦ʑ

ᖒ܆ᅕ݅۵೐ऽ⮉ᨱ᮹⧕ᱽ⦽ᮥၼíࡽ݅. CIMCPT᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵

⎵ᯝ⩶┽ಽqĉᯩ޹೐ऽaš᯦᜽Ḣᖁᮝಽ⠕ḡ໕ᕽḡᵲš᯦

ࢁᙹᯩࠥಾᩑᖒᜅ▱ᯙ౩ᜅᜅ❙ಽᱽ᯲ࡹᨩ݅. ੱ⦽, ೐ऽ᮹

ḢĞᯕ 13 mmಽ a۹í ᱽ᯲ࡹအಽ, ʙᯕa ʙᨕḩᙹಾ ೐ऽ

⮉ᨱ ≉᧞ᱱᮥ aḡí ࡽ݅. ᝅᱽ CIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᨱᕽ ᧞ 30 MPa᮹⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᯕ⊂ᱶࡹᨩᮥĞᬑᨱ೐ऽ⮉ᯕၽᔾ⧩ʑভྙᨱ (Fig. 4), ᔍᬊࡽCIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽᮹⊂ᱶa܆⦽↽ݡ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᮡ

᧞30 MPaಽᩩᔢࡽ݅(Yoon et al., 2010). ᯕ۵Table 1ᨱᕽ

ᱽ᜽⦽⮺᮹ᔢ┽ᨱ঑ෙ⎹ᬊపŝšಉ⦽aᯕऽ௝ᯙᨱᕽᵲe

ᱶࠥ᮹᳑ၡᔢ┽ෝaḡ۵⮺ᨱݡ⦽⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ᮹ჵ᭥ᯕအಽ(Yoon and Lee, 2004), CIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮡᵲeᯕ⦹᮹ᩑ᧞⊖⪚ᮡ

༉௹⊖ᨱ ݡ⧕ᕽ ᱢᬊ a܆ᖒᮥ aḥ݅Ł ⠪aࡽ݅. CIMCPT

᜽ᜅ▽ᮡǎԕᨱ᯦ࠥࡽᯕ⬥3֥ᩍ࠺ᦩ10Ŕ᮹ǎԕ⩥ᰆᨱᕽ

༉௹ḡၹၰᱱ☁ḡၹᨱݡ⧕ḡၹ᳑ᔍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡŁ, ⩥ᰆᱢᬊ

ᔍಡᇥᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍḡᗮᱢᮝಽ}ᖁࡹᨩ݅(Yoon et al., 2010).

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Fig. 4. Buckling of a Coiled Rod

Table 1. Capacity of CPT Tip Resistance by Soil Condition

Soil condition Capacity of Cone Resistance (qc) (MPa)

Very soft (clay, sand) 5 ~ 12.5 Soft to medium (clay, sand) 12.5 ~ 25

Medium to slightly dense

(sand) 25 ~ 50

Very dense (sand) over 75

2.3 ಺ւ଺ਏ෠ଭ೥׆ตր

CPT đŝᇥᕾᮥ᭥⧕ᱽᦩࡽࠥ⢽ၰᔢššĥෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ

CIMCPT đŝಽᇡ░ḡၹྜྷᖒ⊹ෝࠥ⇽⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵ᬑᖁ⎹Ⓧ

ʑᨱ঑ෙⓍʑ⬉ŝ(scale effect)ᨱݡ⦽á᷾ᯕᖁ⧪ࡹᨕ᧝⦽݅.

Ⓧʑ⬉ŝ۵ݡᔢǍ᳑ྜྷᨱݡ⦽ᝅྜྷᝅ⨹ᯕᇩa܆⦽ĞᬑⓍʑa

⇶ᗭࡽ༉⩶᜽⨹đŝಽᇡ░ᝅྜྷⓍʑ᮹đŝෝᩩ⊂⦹۵Ğᬑᨱ

ᝅྜྷŝ⇶ᗭ༉⩶eⓍʑ᮹₉ᯕᨱ঑ෙᩢ⨆ᮥ᮹ၙ⦽݅. Ⓧʑ⬉ŝ ۵ḡၹ᳑Õၰᝅ⨹᳑Õᨱ঑௝₉ᯕaၽᔾ⧁ᙹᯩᮝအಽ, ⎹Ⓧʑ ᨱ঑௝⎹ᱡ⧎ಆŝᵝ໕ษₑಆᨱၙ⊹۵ᩢ⨆ᮥᇥᕾ⦹۵ᩑǍ۵

༉⩶᜽⨹ᯕӹ⩥ᰆ᜽⨹ᮥ☖⧕ᕽᯕ൉ᨕᲙ᪵݅. Lima and Tumay (1991)۵⎹Ⓧʑᨱ঑ෙᩢ⨆ᮥᖁ⩶⫭ȡႊᱶ᜾ᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹ᩡᮝ ໑, ⎹Ⓧʑᨱ঑ෙⓍʑ⬉ŝಽᗭ⩶⎹ᯕ⢽ᵡ⎹ᅕ݅⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᮡ

15% ⓍŁ, ᵝ໕ษₑಆᮡ 10% ᯲݅Ł ᅕŁ⦹ᩡ݅. Kurup and

Tumay (1998), Titi et al. (2000), Tumay and Kurup (2001)ᮡ

⩥ᰆ᜽⨹đŝᗭ⩶⎹᮹⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᮡ⢽ᵡ⎹ᨱእ⧕᧞10% ᱶࠥ

ⓍŁ, ᵝ໕ษₑಆᮡၹݡಽ᧞10% ᱶ᯲ࠥᮡäᮝಽᇥᕾ⦹ᩡ݅.

Kim et al. (2008)᮹ǎԕᵝྙḥ༉௹ෝᯕᬊ⦽༉⩶☁᳑ᝅ⨹đŝ ᨱ ঑෕໕ Ǎᗮᦶŝ ᔢݡၡࠥa ݅ෙ ᔍḩ☁ ḡၹᨱᕽ Tumay and Kurup (2001)᮹đŝ᪡ᮁᔍ⦽10% ԕ᫙᮹᪅₉ෝ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ ŝ ᵝ໕ษₑಆ᮹ ⊂ᱶsᨱᕽ ᅕᯕ۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.

ʑ᳕ᩑǍđŝᨱ঑෕໕, ᜽⨹᳑Õᨱ঑௝ᙹ⊹ᨱᯩᨕᕽ᧞e᮹

₉ᯕ۵ᯩḡอ, ݡℕᱢᮝಽᗭ⩶⎹ᯕ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵10~15%

ŝݡ⠪a, ᵝ໕ษₑಆᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵10% ᱶࠥŝᗭ⠪a⦹۵äᮝಽ

ӹ┡ԍ݅. Tumay and Kurup (1999)ᮡ⎹Ⓧʑ₉ᯕᨱ঑ෙⓍʑ⬉

ŝ۵⎹š᯦ᨱ঑ෙᗭᖒᩢᩎၽᔾŝšĥaᯩ݅Łᵝᰆ⦹ᩡ݅.

⎹Ⓧʑa⍅ḱᨱ঑௝ᗭᖒᩢᩎᯕ᷾a⦹အಽ⊂ᱶࡹ۵⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ ŝᵝ໕ษₑಆᮡ ⎹᮹ Ⓧʑᨱᩢ⨆ᮥ ၼ۵ äᮝಽ᦭ಅᲙ ᯩ݅

(Lima and Tumay, 1991; Tumay and Kurup, 2001). ⦹ḡอ,

Ⓧʑ⬉ŝಽ ᯙ⦽ 10% ᱶࠥ᮹ ₉ᯕ۵ ⪶ශುᱢ ႊჶ(Zhangŝ

Tumay, 1999)ᨱ᮹⦽⮺ᇥඹ᜽ᨱⓑᩢ⨆ᮥၙ⊹ḡ۵ᦫ۵äᮝಽ

᦭ಅᲙᯩ݅(Yoon et al., 2010). ᪅⯩ಅ, CIMCPT᮹ĞᬑḡၹƱ௡

ᩢᩎ᮹qᗭၰ᳦ඹa݅ෙ☁⊖ᔍᯕᨱ⩲ᰍࡽ᧨ᮡ⊖ʭḡࠥ┱ḡa

a܆⦽ᰆᱱᯕᯩ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᯕᮁಽCIMCPT ᔍᬊᨱ঑ෙⓍʑ⬉ŝᨱ

ݡ⦽ᅕᱶᮡŁಅ⦹ḡᦫᦥࠥᝅᬊᱢᮝಽ᳑ᔍđŝᨱ۵ⓑ ᩢ⨆ᮥ

ၙ⊹ḡ۵ᦫ۵äᮝಽ❱݉ࡹ໑, CIMCPT᪡CPT᮹⩥ᰆᝅ⨹đŝ

ෝ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ ᙹ⧪⦽ ☁⊖ᇥඹ đŝ۵ 3ᰆᨱᕽ እƱ⦹ᩡ݅.

2.4 ী෴಺ւ଺ਏ෠էրࠜฆ૳෉ഠ౾ंࠑ

CPT đŝෝᯕᬊ⦽☁⊖ᇥඹෝ᭥⧕⎹ᱡ⧎ಆŝษₑᱡ⧎እ

⪚ᮡ eɚᙹᦶእ ॒ᮥ ᯕᬊ⦽ ⮺ᇥඹ ₉✙a ᖁ⧪ᩑǍᯱ ॅᨱ

᮹⧕ᱽᦩࡹᨕᔍᬊࡹŁᯩ݅(Robertson and Campanella, 1988;

Lunne et al., 1997). ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵CIMCPT ᳑ᔍđŝ᮹e⠙⦽

ᯕᬊᮥ᭥⧕ᕽ⪶ශುᱢḡၹᇥඹෝᙹ⧪⧁ᙹᯩ۵⎹š᯦᜽⨹

đŝᇥᕾ⥥ಽəఉᯙPClass-CPT v3.0ᮝಽᯱഭෝᇥᕾ⦹ᩍᝍࠥ

ᄥḡၹᇥඹෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅(Zhang and Tumay, 1999; Abu-Farsakh et al., 2008). ⥥ಽəఉᨱᕽᔍᬊࡽ⪶ශುᱢḡၹᇥඹჶᮡ⟝ḡᯕ

ು(Fuzzy logic)ᮥ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ ၰ ᵝ໕ษₑಆŝ šಉ⦽

⮺᮹Ñ࠺ᨱʑၹᮥࢱŁ⮺ᮥᱱ☁(Highly Probable Clay, HPC), ᝅ✙(Highly Probable Mixed Soil, HPM), ༉௹(Highly Probable Sandy Soil)ಽ Ǎᇥ⦽݅. ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ(qc)ŝ ษₑᱡ⧎እ(Rf)ಽᇡ░

Eqs. (1)~(3)ᮝಽᱶ᮹ࡹ۵⮺Ñ࠺݉᭥(Soil Behavior Unit, U)ෝ

ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ bb᮹ ☁⊖ᮥ Ǎᇥ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᱶȽ⪵ࡽ ⟝ḡ ໅ქᝎ

⧉ᙹ(Fuzzy membership function)ෝEqs. (4)~(6)ŝzᯕĞ⨹ᱢ ᮝಽᱶ᮹⦹ᩡŁ, bb᮹✚ᖒᮡFig. 5᪡z݅(Zhang and Tumay, 1999; Abu-Farsakh et al., 2008).

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Fig. 5. CPT Fuzzy Soil Classification Chart (After Zhang and Tumay, 1999)

® á ÞƁ_ÎƖ à Ɓ_ÏƗ âƂ_Îß^ÏâÞƁ_ÏƖ âƁ_ÎƗ âƂ_Ïß^Ï

Þ^ſÎƖ à ſÏƗ âƀÎßÞ^ƁÎƖ à ƁÏƗ âƂÎß

à ÞƁ_ÎƖ à Ɓ_ÏƗ âƂ_Îß^ÏâÞƁ_ÏƖ âƁ_ÎƗ âƂ_Ïß^Ï Þſ_ÏƖ âſ_ÎƗ âƀ_ÏßÞƁ_ÏƖ âƁ_ÎƗ âƂ_Ïß

(1)

Ɩ á ×íÎÒÐÖ«Ƅâ×íÕÕÔ× Ɗ ƍƅ Ə_Ɓà ÐíÐÒ (2)

Ɨ áà ×íÏÖÒÔ«_Ƅâ×íÑÓÎÔƊ ƍƅ Ə_Ɓà ×íÐÔ (3)

ᩍʑᕽ, qc:⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ, Rf:ษₑᱡ⧎እ(= fs/q_c), f_s:ᵝ໕ษₑಆ, a1=-11.345, a2=-3.795, b1=15.202, b2=5.085, c1=-0.296, c2=-0.759, d₁=2.960, d₂=2.477.

ᱱ☁(HPC):

ł_ƁÞ®ß áĒ ē Ĕ

ĕ ĕƃƖƎƙ

Ɯƚ_{à ćÏ}^Î

Þ

^ć® â×íÎÔÔÒ×íÕÓÐÐÏ

ß

^Ï^ƛƝƞ Ƅƍ Ɛ® > ×íÎÔÔÒ

Îí× Ƅƍ Ɛ® ï ×íÎÔÔÒ

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ᝅ✙(HPM):

ł_ƋÞ®ß á ƃƖƎƙ

Ɯƚ_{à ćÏ}^Î

Þ

^ć×íÔÏÑÐ×Ô® à ÎíÐÒ

ß

^Ï^ƛƝƞ à t ï ® ï t (5)

༉௹(HPS):

ł_ƑÞ®ß áĒ ēĔ

ĕ ĕ

Îí× Ƅƍ Ɛ® ð ÏíÓÒÔÒ

ƃƖƎƙ

Ɯƚ_{à ćÏ}^Î

Þ

^ć® à ÏíÓÒÔÒ×íÕÐÑÒÕÓ

ß

^Ï^ƛƝƞ Ƅƍ Ɛ® = ÏíÓÒÔÒ (6)

3. ⩥ᰆá᷾᜽⨹

CIMCPT᮹⩥ᰆᱢᬊᮥ᭥⧕ᕽ۵⎹Ⓧʑ᮹₉ᯕಽᯙ⧕ၽᔾ⦹

۵⊂ᱶđŝ᮹₉ᯕෝ❭ᦦ⦹ᩍ⊂ᱶ⦽ߑᯕ░ෝ᪍ၵ෕í⪽ᬊ⧁

ᙹᯩᨕ᧝⦽݅. ⩥ᰆእƱ᜽⨹᜽ݡᔢḡၹ᮹ᇩɁḩᖒᮥ↽ݡ⦽

ᵥᯕʑ᭥⧕ᕽ۵, Ɂḩ⦽☁⊖ᨱݡ⦹ᩍ1 m ᯕԕ᮹ᯙᱲǍᩎᨱᕽ

ࢱaḡ᜽⨹ᯕ࠺᜽ᨱᙹ⧪ࡹࠥಾĥ⫮⦹ᩡ݅. ঑௝ᕽ, ~šᱢᯙ

⩥ᰆá᷾ ᜽⨹ᮥ ᭥⧕ ⮺᮹ ✚ᖒᯕ ᕽಽ ݅ෙ ᖙ }᮹ ⩥ᰆᮥ

ᖁᱶ⦹ᩍ, CIMCPT ၰCPTෝ࠺᜽ᨱᙹ⧪⦹Ł⎹᮹Ⓧʑᨱ঑ෙ

⎹ᱡ⧎ಆၰᵝ໕ษₑಆᨱݡ⦽ᩢ⨆ŝ⮺᮹ᇥඹđŝᨱ᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥ

⠪a⦹ᩡ݅.

3.1 ऀॺࡦ޹࠻ࠩ஺ࢱ

ᇡᔑOOḡᩎ༉௹ๅพḡၹᮥݡᔢᮝಽⓍʑ⬉ŝá᷾᜽⨹ᯕ

ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᳑ᔍḡᩎᮡᩑ᧞ḡၹᔢᇡᨱ༉௹ෝ10 m ࢱ̹ಽ

ๅพ⦽Ŕᮝಽ☖ᯝᇥඹჶᔢSP(Poorly graded sand)ಽᇥඹࡹ۵

ḡၹᯕ݅. ᜽⨹᜽ၽᔾ⦹۵ḡၹƱ௡ᮝಽᯙ⦽ᩢ⨆ᮥႊḡ⦹Ł, ᝁ഑ᖒ ᯩ۵ እƱෝ ᭥⦹ᩍ ᧞ 1 m eĊᮝಽ 6}᮹ ᳑ᔍݡᔢ

ḡᱱᮥ ᖁᱶ⦽ ⬥ ᜽⨹ᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅.

Fig. 6ᮡᝍࠥᄥ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ, ᵝ໕ษₑಆᇥ⡍ၰ⪶ශುᱢႊჶᮝ ಽᇥᕾ⦽⮺ᇥඹđŝᯕ݅. CIMCPT۵೐ऽ⮉ႊḡෝ᭥⧕10 mၙอᨱᕽ25 MPa ᱶࠥ᮹⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᯕ⊂ᱶࡹ۵ᝍࠥᨱᕽ᳑ᔍෝ

᳦ഭ⦹ᩡŁ, CPT᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵10 mʭḡ᜽⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. Figs.

6(a) and 6(b)ᨱᕽᅝᙹᯩॐᯕ, ᱥၹᱢᮝಽ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆၰᵝ໕ษₑ ಆ᮹Ğ⨆ᖒᮡࢱaḡ᜽⨹༉ࢱ࠺ᯝ⦹íӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ᮹

Ğᬑᨱ۵ʑ᳕ྙ⨭᮹đŝॅŝᮁᔍ⦹í10~20% ᱶࠥŝݡ⠪a

⦹۵Ğ⨆ᮥӹ┡ԕᨩᮝӹ, ᵝ໕ษₑಆ᮹ĞᬑĞ⨆ᖒᮡᮁᔍ⦹ӹ

ᝅ⨹sᮡʑ᳕ྙ⨭ŝ۵ၹݡಽCIMCPTaⓍíᩩ⊂⦹۵đŝෝ

ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᮡᵝ໕ษₑಆᨱእ⧕ᔢݡᱢᮝಽⓑsᮥ

⊂ᱶ⦹ʑভྙᨱᦩᱶᱢᯙᙹ⊹ෝ⊂ᱶ⧁ᙹᯩᨩḡอ, ᵝ໕ษₑಆ

ᮡᔢݡᱢᮝಽ᯲ᮡ⊂ᱶsᮝಽ݅ᗭᇩᦩᱶ⦽sᮥᅕᯕ۵Ğ⨆ᯕ

ӹ┡ԍ݅. ᯕ్⦽ᯕᮁಽᯙ⦹ᩍᵝ໕ษₑಆእƱ⊂ᱶ⊹aʑ᳕

ྙ⨭ đŝᨱ እ⧕ ᔢᯕ⦽ Ğ⨆ᯕ ӹ┡ӽ äᮝಽ ᅕᯙ݅.

Figs. 6(c) and 6(d)۵CPT᪡CIMCPT đŝᨱݡ⦽⪶ශುᱢ

ḡၹᇥඹđŝᯕ݅. ᱥၹᱢᯙĞ⨆ᖒᮡ᜽⨹ႊჶᨱšĥᨧᯕ࠺ᯝ

⦹í ӹ┡ԍᮝӹ, CIMCPTᨱ ᮹⦽ đŝa ᧞ 3.5 m ᝍࠥᨱᕽ

ᝅ✙⊖᮹ ᳕ᰍ a܆ᖒᮥ ᳑ɩ ޵ ⓑ äᮝ ಽ ᩩ⊂⦹Ł ᯩ݅. ࢱ

᜽⨹ჶ༉ࢱᔢᇡ1 m ᯕԕᨱ᧞e᮹ᱱ☁⊖ᯕ᳕ᰍ⦹۵äᮝಽ

❱݉⦹ᩡᮝӹ, ᯕ۵Ǎᗮᦶᯕ᯲ᮡᔢᇡᨱᕽ᮹⊂ᱶ⊹ᯕʑভྙᯙ

äᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅. ᅙ᜽⨹đŝ, CIMCPTෝᯕᬊ⦽༉௹ḡၹᨱᕽ᮹

⊂ᱶ⊹۵ʑ᳕CPT᪡ᮁᔍ⦽đŝෝӹ┡ԥᮥ⪶ᯙ⧁ᙹᯩᨩ݅.

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(a) Tip Resistance (b) Sleeve Friction (c) CPT Fuzzy Soil Classification (d) CIMCPT Fuzzy Soil Classification Fig. 6. Comparison of Penetration Profiles at the Busan Site

(a) Tip Resistance (b) Sleeve Friction (c) CPT Fuzzy Soil Classification (d) CIMCPT Fuzzy Soil Classification Fig. 7. Comparison of Penetration Profiles at the Sihwa Site

3.2 ਏฃ୥ഠ஺ࢱ

Ğʑࠥ ᜽⪵ḡᩎᨱ ᇥ⡍⦹۵ ᱱ☁ḡၹᨱᕽ ⩥ᰆá᷾ ᜽⨹ᮥ

ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ݡᔢᇡḡ۵ᔢᇡ10 m ᱶࠥa♕ᱢᱱ☁ಽɁḩ⦹í

Ǎᖒࡹᨕᯩᮝ໑⩥ᰆá᷾᜽⨹ᮥ᭥⧕ⅾ4}ᗭᨱݡ⧕ᕽ1 m eĊᮝಽ እƱ᜽⨹ᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅.

Fig. 7ᮡᝍࠥᄥ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ, ᵝ໕ษₑಆᇥ⡍ၰ⪶ශುᱢႊჶᮝ ಽᇥᕾ⦽⮺ᇥඹđŝᯕ݅. Figs. 7(a) and 7(b)ᨱᕽ᦭ᙹᯩॐᯕ,

᜽⨹ đŝ ᝍࠥᄥ ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ ᇥ⡍۵ Ñ᮹ ࠺ᯝ⦹í ӹ┡ԍᮝӹ,

ᵝ໕ษₑಆ᮹ Ğᬑ۵ ᇡᔑ ๅพ༉௹ ⩥ᰆ đŝ᪡ ࠺ᯝ⦹í

CIMCPT᮹đŝaCPT᮹đŝᅕ݅Ⓧí⊂ᱶࡹᨩ݅. ⪶ශುᱢ

ḡၹᇥඹđŝ۵Figs. 7(c) and 7(d)ᨱӹ┡ԙၵ᪡zᯕࢱ᜽⨹ჶ ᯕᮁᔍ⦽đŝෝӹ┡ԩᮝ໑, CIMCPT᮹đŝaᔢᇡᩑ᧞⊖᮹

ᱱ☁ᖒᇥᯕ ޵ ฯᮥ äᮝಽ ᩩ⊂⦹ᩡ݅. ᔢᇡ ᩑ᧞⊖ᮡ 4.5 m ᝍࠥᨱ᳕ᰍ⧁äᮝಽᩩᔢࡹ໑, ᝍࠥᨱ঑ෙ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ, ᵝ໕ษₑಆ,

⪶ශುᱢ ⮺ᇥඹෝ ☖⧕ᕽ ᱱ☁⊖ ᝍࠥෝ ⪶ᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

(7)

(a) Tip Resistance (b) Sleeve Friction (c) CPT Fuzzy Soil Classification (d) CIMCPT Fuzzy Soil Classification Fig. 8. Comparison of Penetration Profiles at the Pyeongtaek Site

Table 2. Scale Effects at the Tested Sites Using Tip Resistance and Sleeve Friction

Location/Soil type Test No. Depth (m) qc(CIMCPT)

/ qc(CPT)

fs(CIMCPT)

/ fs(CPT)

Busan/Reclaimed sand

1 6.0 1.04 2.02

2 7.0 1.07 1.70

3 6.0 1.21 1.54

4 7.0 1.16 2.20

5 10.0 1.20 1.58

6 7.0 1.21 1.20

Sihwa/Clay

1 10.0 1.56 2.40

2 10.0 1.33 3.48

3 10.0 1.04 2.88

4 10.0 1.55 4.74

Pyeongtaek/Soft clay

1 7.0 0.95 0.94

2 6.0 0.94 1.34

3 8.0 1.06 1.20

3.3 ඌ೿઴ઊ୥ഠ஺ࢱ

Ğʑࠥ⠪┾ḡᩎᨱᇥ⡍⦹۵ᩑ᧞ᱱ☁⊖ᨱݡ⧕⩥ᰆá᷾᜽⨹

ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙ⩥ᰆᮡƱపŖᔍaᩩᱶࡹᨕᯩ۵Ŕᮝಽvᮥ

ᵲᝍᮝಽ᧲἞ᮝಽၽݍ⦽ᩑ᧞ᱱ☁⊖3}ᗭᨱݡ⦽እƱ᳑ᔍෝ

ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. Fig. 8ᮡᝍࠥᄥ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ, ᵝ໕ษₑಆᇥ⡍ၰ⪶ශು

ᱢ ႊჶᮝಽᇥᕾ⦽⮺ᇥඹđŝᯕ݅. Figs. 8(c) and 8(d)ᨱᕽᅝ ᙹᯩॐᯕ, ᧞4 m ᝍࠥʭḡ۵ᩑ᧞ᱱ☁⊖ᯕ᳕ᰍ⦹Łᯕ⬥ᝍࠥᨱᕽ ۵ᝅ✙⊖ŝ༉௹⊖ᯕᇥ⡍⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᝍࠥᄥ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ

ၰᵝ໕ษₑಆᇥ⡍۵እ᜘⦽đŝෝӹ┡ԕᨩᮝӹ, CIMCPT đŝ aᔢᇡᩑ᧞⊖ᨱݡ⧕ᱱ☁ᖒᇥᯕ޵ฯᮡäᮝಽ⠪a⦹ᩡ݅.

3.4 ೥׆ตրंজ

ᱥℕ᜽⨹ᝍࠥᨱݡ⦹ᩍⓍʑ⬉ŝಽᯙ⦽₉ᯕෝTable 2ᨱ

᫵᧞⦹ᩍᱶญ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ᮹⊂ᱶđŝၰʑ᳕ྙ⨭ᩑǍ

đŝෝ᫵᧞⦹ᩍTable 3ᨱӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ᕽಽ݅ෙḡၹ✚ᖒᮥ

ᅕᯕ۵ ǎԕ 3}᮹ ⩥ᰆᨱᕽ CPT᪡ CIMCPTᨱ ᮹⧕ ᙹ⧪ࡽ

እƱ᜽⨹đŝᨱ঑෕໕, Ⓧʑ⬉ŝ۵⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ᮹Ğᬑ↽ݡ56%ʭ ḡŝݡ⠪a⦹۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅(Table 2). ᯕ۵ʑ᳕᮹ᩑǍđŝ (Table 3)᪡ᮁᔍ⦽đŝᯕӹᵝ໕ษₑಆ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ʑ᳕᮹ྙ⨭

ŝ۵ ݅෕í CIMCPTa ŝݡ⠪a⦹۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅. ᯕ۵

ʑ᳕ᩑǍᨱᕽᙹ⧪⦽⩥ᰆ᜽⨹ᯕӹ༉⩶☁᳑᜽⨹ᮡᔢݡᱢᮝಽ

Ɂḩ⦽☁⊖᳑Õᯙߑၹ⧕ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᇥᕾ⦽3}᮹⩥ᰆḡၹᮡ

ᵲeᨱ ⩲ᰍࡽ ⊖ᯕ ᳕ᰍ⦹۵ ॒ ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ ᇩȽ⊺⦽ ☁⊖ᮥ

aḡŁᯩᨕ, ᔢݡᱢᮝಽⓑsᮥ⊂ᱶ⦹۵⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᯕᵝ໕ษₑಆ ᨱእ⧕ᔢݡᱢ׳ᮡᝁ഑ᖒᮥӹ┡ԕŁᵝ໕ษₑಆᮡ݅ᗭᇩᦩᱶ

⦽sᯕ⊂ᱶࡽäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅. ᯕᨱݡ⦽໦⪶⦽Ƚ໦ᮥ᭥⧕ᕽ۵

Ⓧʑ⬉ŝá᷾᜽⨹ᨱݡ⦽⬥ᗮᩑǍa⦥᫵⧁äᮝಽᔾbࡽ݅.

⪶ශುᱢႊჶᮥᯕᬊ⦽⮺ᇥඹෝ☖⦹ᩍᱱ☁, ᝅ✙, ༉௹᮹

ᝍࠥᄥᇥ⡍Ğ⨆ᮥ❭ᦦ⧁ᙹᯩᮝ໑, bb᮹CPT᪡CIMCPT

(8)

Table 3. Summary of Published and Studied Scale Effects

Reference qc(CIMCPT) / qc(CPT) fs(CIMCPT) / fs(CPT) Remarks

Lima and Tumay (1991) 1.15 0.90 -

Kurup and Tumay (1998) 1.10 0.89 Overconsolidated, dessicated silty clay / clayey silt

Titi et al. (2000) 1.11 0.91 Soft to stiff clay

Tumay and Kurup (2001) 1.13 0.91 Highly plastic, stiff clay

1.11 0.87 Overconsolidated stiff to hard clay Kim et al. (2008) 1.14 0.89 Jumunjin and, Calibration chamber test

This study

1.04~1.21 1.20~2.20 Busan reclaimed sand 1.04~1.56 2.40~4.74 Sihwa clay

0.94~1.06 0.94~1.34 Peongtaek soft clay

Table 4. Scale Effects at the Tested Sites Using the Fuzzy Soil Classification

Location/

Soil type Test type Test

No. Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)

Busan / Reclaimed sand

CPT 1 92.1 7.0 0.9

CIMCPT 94.5 5.3 0.1

CPT 2 94.2 5.5 0.4

CIMCPT 94.1 5.8 0.2

CPT 3 93.4 6.4 0.2

CIMCPT 96.5 3.4 0.1

CPT 4 91.2 8.0 0.7

CIMCPT 94.2 5.7 0.1

CPT 5 93.0 6.7 0.3

CIMCPT 83.5 8.5 7.9

CPT 6 92.8 6.9 0.3

CIMCPT 94.5 4.7 0.7

Sihwa/

Clay

CPT 1 15.9 49.3 34.8

CIMCPT 17.0 37.4 45.3

CPT 2 19.8 56.0 24.3

CIMCPT 13.3 35.2 51.2

CPT 3 21.6 54.9 23.5

CIMCPT 10.7 32.9 54.0

CPT 4 19.0 55.2 25.8

CIMCPT 13.7 37.8 48.5

Pyeongtaek/

Soft clay

CPT 1 11.1 20.0 68.9

CIMCPT 12.9 34.4 52.7

CPT 2 24.0 48.2 27.9

CIMCPT 19.4 39.1 41.5

CPT 3 18.8 48.9 32.3

CIMCPT 24.5 44.3 31.2

đŝ᮹₉ᯕෝእƱ⦹ᩡ݅. Table 4۵᳑ᔍᝍࠥᨱݡ⧕⪶ශುᱢ

ႊჶᮝಽᇥᕾ⦽⮺ᇥඹđŝෝᱶపᱢᮝಽӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ༉௹ḡၹ ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵CPT ၰCIMCPTaᮁᔍ⦽đŝෝӹ┡ԩḡอ, ᱱ☁

ḡၹ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵ݡℕᱢᮝಽCIMCPTaᱱ☁ᖒᇥ᮹ᇥ⡍ჵ᭥ෝ

Ⓧí ⠪a⦹۵ äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԕᨩ݅.

4. ᩑᗮš᯦⩶ᗭ⩶⎹š᯦᜽⨹᮹ ⩥ᰆᱢᬊ

ǎԕOOḡᩎ᮹Łᗮ℁ࠥיၹŖᔍǍeᨱᕽᩑ᧞ḡၹ⇽⩥ᯕ

ᩩᔢࡹ۵Ǎeᨱݡ⦽ḡ⊖ᇥ⡍⩥⫊❭ᦦᮥ᭥⧕, CIMCPTෝ

ᙹ⧪⦹ᩍᝍࠥᨱ঑ෙ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆ᮹ᇥ⡍ෝᝅ᜽eᮝಽ༉ܩ░ย⦹

ᩍ ᩑ᧞ᱱ☁⊖᮹ ᝍࠥᄥ ᇥ⡍ Ğ⨆ᮥ ⠪a⦹ᩡ݅. ✙౎⩶┽᮹

CIMCPT ᳑ᔍ₉పᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ1₉᳑ᔍෝᙹ⧪⦹Ł, 1₉᳑ᔍᨱᕽ

ḥ᯦ᯕᨕಅᭁ޹Ǎᩎᨱݡ⧕ᕽ۵CIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮥȅࠥᰆ⊹ᨱ

┲ᰍ⦹Ł⇵a᳑ᔍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩍᱥℕǍeᨱݡ⧕ᕽᇥᕾᮥᙹ⧪⦹

ᩡ݅.

4.1 ఙ߆րܑ֯ୋ౿઩ݗࠛण֗

࠺ᯝ⦽CIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮥ✙౎⩶┽᮹᳑ᔍ₉పŝȅࠥᰆ⊹ᨱ

ᰆ₊⦹ᩍ᜽⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮥĞᬑ, ᬕᘂᰆእᄡĞᮝಽၽᔾa܆⦽

₉ᯕᱱᮡ݉ḡၹಆᮝಽ᯲ᬊ⦹۵ᔢᰍ⦹ᵲ᮹₉ᯕෝॅᙹᯩ݅.

ᯕುᱢᮝಽ۵⨩ᬊš᯦ಆᯕԕᨱᕽ۵đŝs᮹₉ᯕaၽᔾ⦹ḡ

ᦫᦥ᧝⦹ḡอ, ᝅ⊂đŝෝ☖⦹ᩍ₉ᯕᱱᮥእƱ⧕ᅕʑ᭥⧕

࠺ᯝḡᩎᨱᕽ᮹᳑ᔍđŝෝFig. 9ᨱእƱ⦹ᩍࠥ᜽⦹ᩡ݅. እƱෝ

᭥⦽᳑ᔍ᭥⊹۵ᖒ☁Ŗᔍaḥ⧪ᵲᯙ⩥ᰆᨱᕽᖁᱶࡹᨩᮝ໑,

᧞100 m ᯕĊࡽ᭥⊹᮹₉ᯕಽᯙ⦹ᩍḢᱲᱢᯙእƱ۵ᨕಖḡอ, ᩑ᧞ḡၹ᮹ᝍࠥ۵ᮁᔍ⦹íᇥ⡍⧁äᯕ௝Ł❱݉⦹ᩍእƱ᳑ᔍ

ෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᱥၹᱢᮝಽȅࠥᰆ⊹ᨱ┲ᰍࡽCIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮝ ಽ⊂ᱶ⦽⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᮡ݅ᗭ᯲í⊂ᱶࡹᨩᮝӹ, ᝍࠥᄥĞ⨆ᖒᮡ

ᮁᔍ⦹íӹ┡ԍ݅. ঑௝ᕽ, ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᮝಽᝅ᜽eᩑ᧞ḡၹ᮹ᇥ⡍

(9)

Fig. 9. Comparison of Tip Resistance Profiles Tested by the Truck and the Crawler

Table 5. Comparison of Clay Depth Estimated by CIMCPT and Drilling Log

Vehicle

type Test No. Clay depth by CIMCPT (m)

Clay depth by drilling log (m)

Depth difference (m)

Truck

T-3 4.0 4.7 -0.7

T-9 2.4 2.7 -0.3

T-10 3.9 2.8 +1.1

T-17 4.8 3.5 +1.3

T-18 5.0 4.0 +1.0

T-19 3.0 3.0 0

T-20 4.8 2.0 +2.8

Crawler

C-2 4.3 4.0 +0.3

C-3 4.0 4.0 0

C-4 5.2 3.5 +1.7

C-6 4.9 5.6 -0.7

C-9 2.4 4.0 -1.6

C-10 5.5 5.4 +0.1

C-14 2.7 4.4 -1.7

Ğ⨆ᮥ❭ᦦ⦹۵༊ᱢᮝಽᕽ᮹CIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽᮹ᩑ᧞ḡၹ┱ḡ ᖒ܆ᮡ ᯕ࠺ᰆ⊹ᨱ šĥᨧᯕ ᮁᔍ⦹݅Ł ⠪aࡽ݅.

4.2 CIMCPT ਏਆഗଡଲ૳෉઴ઊ஺ࢱ೹஺

ᩑ᧞ḡၹ┱ḡෝ᭥⦽CIMCPT۵2₉ᨱÙℱᕽᙹ⧪(ⅾ36Ŗ)

ࡹᨩᮝ໑, 1₉᳑ᔍ۵✙౎ᨱ┲ᰍࡽ᜽ᜅ▽ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩡŁ(22Ŗ), 2₉᳑ᔍ۵ȅࠥᰆ⊹ᨱ┲ᰍࡽ᜽ᜅ▽ᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ1₉᳑ᔍ᜽

ᱲɝ⦹ʑ ᨕಅᭁ޹ ḡᩎᮥ ᭥ᵝಽ ᳑ᔍෝ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅(14Ŗ).

ᩑ᧞ḡၹᝍࠥ❭ᦦᮥ᭥⦽⮺ᇥඹႊჶᮝಽ۵⟝ḡᯕುᮥᯕᬊ

⦽ᝍࠥᄥ⪶ශುᱢ⮺ᇥඹჶ(Zhang and Tumay, 1999)ᮥᱢᬊ⦹

ᩡ݅. ᱱ☁⊖ŝᔍḩ☁⊖ᯕƱ⪙⦹Łᯩ۵Ğᬑ⪶ශುᱢᇥඹႊჶ

ᮥ ᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ☁⊖ᮥ ݉ᙽ⪵ ᜽⍽e⠙⦹í ᱱ☁᮹ ᇥ⡍ᖒ⨆ᮥ

❭ᦦ⧁ᙹᯩ۵ᰆᱱᯕᯩ݅(Abu-Farsakh et al., 2008). ᇥᕾđŝ ᨱ঑෕໕ᔢᇡ᧞4 m ʭḡ۵ᱱ☁⊖ᯕᬑᖙ⦽äᮝಽӹ┡ԍᮝ໑, ᩑ᧞ḡၹᝍࠥ۵ᔢᇡಽᇡ░᧞4 m ʫᯕᨱ᭥⊹⧁äᮝಽᩩᔢࡽ

݅. Table 5۵CIMCPT ᳑ᔍ᭥⊹᪡ᯙᱲ⦽ʑ᳕᜽⇵ᵝᔢࠥෝ

እƱ⦹ᩍ⇵ᱶࡽᩑ᧞ḡၹᝍࠥ᮹₉ᯕෝӹ┡ԕᨩ݅. ݡℕᱢᮝಽ

᧞1 m ԕ᫙᮹ᝍࠥ₉ᯕෝᅕᯕအಽ, CIMCPTෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᩩ⊂⦽

ᩑ᧞ḡၹᝍࠥaᱢᱩ⦹í⠪aࡽäᮝಽ❱݉ࡽ݅. ঑௝ᕽ, ᩑ᧞ḡ ၹ⇽⩥ᯕᩩᔢࡹ۵Ǎeᨱݡ⧕CIMCPTෝᯕᬊ⦽ḡၹ᳑ᔍෝ

ᙹ⧪⧁Ğᬑ, ᩑ᧞ᱱ☁⊖᮹ᝍࠥၰᇥ⡍⩥⫊ᮥe⠙⦹í❭ᦦ⧁

ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᙹ݉ᮝಽ៉ ᰆᱱᯕ ᯩᮭᮥ ⪶ᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

5. đುၰ᫵᧞

ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᩑᗮš᯦⩶ᗭ⩶⎹š᯦᜽⨹(CIMCPT) ᰆእ᮹

Ⓧʑ⬉ŝ, ⬉ᬊᖒŝ⦽ĥ, əญŁᖒ܆⨆ᔢᮥ᭥⦽⩥ᰆᱢᬊ}ᖁ

ᔍ⧎ᨱݡ⧕ᔕ⠕ᅕᦹ݅. ᯦ࠥၰ}ᖁࡽᰆእෝᯕᬊ⦽⩥ᰆ᜽⨹

đŝᨱ ݡ⦽ ᔍಡᇥᕾ đŝෝ ᱶญ⦹໕ ݅ᮭŝ z݅.

(1) ⎹Ⓧʑᨱ ঑ෙ CPT᪡ CIMCPT᮹ ⎹ᱡ⧎ಆŝ ᵝ໕ษₑಆ

⊂ᱶs᮹እ۵bbqc(CIMCPT) / q_c(CPT)= 0.94~1.56᪡fs(CIMCPT)

/ f_s(CPT)= 0.94~4.74ಽ ⊂ᱶࡹᨩ݅.

(2) CIMCPT۵CPTᨱእ⧕᯲ᮡ݉໕ᱢᮝಽᯙ⧕ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ

ⓑš᯦ಆᮥၽ⭹⦹အಽ, ᩑ᧞ḡၹᐱอᦥܩ௝ᵲeᱶࠥ᳑ၡ

⦽༉௹ḡၹʭḡࠥ᳑ᔍaa܆⦹ʑভྙᨱ, ᩑ᧞ḡၹŝᔢݡ ᱢᮝಽ݉݉⦽ᯝၹḡၹᯕƱ⪙⦹Łᯩ۵Ğᬑᨱࠥḡ⊖ᇥ⡍

ၰ ḡၹ ✚ᖒᮥ ❭ᦦ⦹۵ߑ ᔍᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᰆᱱᯕ ᯩ݅.

(3) CIMCPT᮹⩥ᰆᱢᬊđŝ⎵ᯝ᜾೐ऽ᮹⮉⩥ᔢᯕၽᔾ⦹ḡ

ᦫ۵30 MPa ᱶࠥ᮹⎹ᱡ⧎ಆᮥӹ┡ԕ۵ḡၹʭḡš᯦ᯕ

a܆⦹အಽᵲeᱶࠥ᮹᳑ၡ⦽☁⊖ᨱᕽ᳑ᔍaa܆⧉ᮥ⪶ᯙ

⦹ᩡ݅.

(4) ₉పᨱ┲ᰍࡽCIMCPT۵₉ල᮹׳ᮡᱲḡᦶᮝಽᯙ⧕⢽⊖

ᯕᩑ᧞⦽Ğᬑᨱ۵ᦩᱶᱢᯙ᳑ᔍaᨕಖʑভྙᨱ݅᧲⦽

☁⊖ᨱݡ⦽⩥ᰆᱢᬊᯕᇩญ⦽⊂໕ᯕᯩᨩ݅. ᯕ్⦽݉ᱱᮥ

ᅕ᪥⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ᕽ CIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮥ ȅࠥᰆ⊹ᨱ ᰆ₊⦹ᩍ

᳑ᔍݡᔢᮥ ⪶ᰆ⦹ᩍ ⩥ᰆᱢᬊᖒᮥ }ᖁ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᨩ݅.

(10)

(5) 12 m ⎵ᯝ᜾೐ऽaᰆ₊ࡽCIMCPT ᜽ᜅ▽ᮡ10 m ԕ᫙᮹

ᩑ᧞ᱱ☁⊖᮹ᝍࠥၰᇥ⡍⩥⫊ᮥe⠙⦹Łᝁᗮ⦹í❭ᦦ⧁

ᙹ ᯩ۵ ᳑ᔍႊჶᮝಽ៉ ᰆᱱᯕ ᯩᮭᮥ ⪶ᯙ⦹ᩡ݅.

References

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