언어학과 번역의

1

언어학과 번역의 애증관계

제1장

교재 참조(Foreword) 2

언어와 번역, 언어학과 번역학의 관계는?

번역학

언어

언어학

번역 언어

역 언

어 학

언어 번역학

교재 참조(p. 1) 3

언어학과 번역학의 관계

언어학과 번역학의 애증 관계

Catford: 언어학과 번역이론은 깊은 관련이 있다.

Chomsky: 언어학을 번역에 도입하는 것은 무리가 있다.

Lederer: 번역은 언어학보다 한 단계 더 높은 수준에서 다뤄져야 한다.

교재 참조(p. 2) 4

언어학과 번역학의 관계

Application of the Findings of Linguistics to the Practice of Translation

Relationship

Linguistic Theory of Translation

Ex: Sociolinguistics

Ex: Dynamic Equivalence

교재 참조(p. 3) 5

Langue/Parole

Ferdinand de Saussure

Language should be seen as a set of structured systems rather

than a ragbag of bits and pieces

Structural Approach

Phonetics

Phonemics Syntactics

Morphology

Semantics

*엄격히 말하면 세분화는 미국에서 시작

보충 자료 6

보충 자료 7

Langue/Parole



Iconism

Relationship is

Vertical



Reference

Relationship is

Horizontal

교재 참조(pp. 3-4) 8

Langue/Parole, 그리고 번역과의 관계

Langue: Rule of Chess Parole: Act of Playing Chess

I got a bit sore sitting on the shore.

A Matter of Langue

(Presupposition:

Without Alcohol Intake)

I

’ve got a shore [sore]

A Matter of Parole

(Presupposition:

After Alcohol Intake)

Knowledge of langue is basic to, but not whole of

‘Translator Competence’

Translation theory is a science of parole

교재 참조(p. 5) 9

Signifier & Signified

Sign ^(기호)

Signifier ^(기표)

=Mental image of physical sound

Signified ^(기의)

=Concept or representation

보충 자료 10

Signifier & Signified

*Signifier is a sound or image as distinguished as a sign

apart from other sounds or images (a)=(b)

(c)=example

교재 참조(p. 5) 11

Arbitrariness of the Signifier-Signified Link

Wurst?

Sausage?

사람?

교재 참조(p. 5+보충) 12

Arbitrariness of the Signifier-Signified Link

A sign is not determined by a signifier;

it is constituted by a signifier

in a relation to what it signifies

Arbitrary relations between signifiers and what they represent makes for ever-present possibility of slippage:

ambiguity, jokes, multiple meanings

Disambiguation is ordinarily performed with the help of a sign’s context

교재 참조(p. 5) 13

Special Link between Signifier and Signified

Emancipate Ewomancipate

The power of the signifier to shape the way we think about the signified

All things are defined by names.

Change the name, and you change the thing.

Such special relationship makes ‘signifier substitution’ translation strategy hard

교재 참조(p. 6) 14

Signifier/Signified & Translation

번역이 간단하지 않은 이유

Concept 또는 Representation의 범주가 다르다.

단어는 Value, Connotation을 가지고 있다. 문화권마다 다르다.

&

교재 참조(p. 6+보충) 15

Signifier/Signified & Meaning

signifier signifier signifier signifier signifier signifier signifier signified signified signified signified signified signified signified

Indefinite plane of jumbled ideas

Equally vague plane of sounds

보충 자료 16

Signifier/Signified & Meaning

A: Indefinite plane of jumbled ideas

B: Equally vague plane of sounds

1. Language can be represented as a series of contiguous subdivisions marked off on both the indefinite plane of jumbled ideas (A) and the equally plane of sounds (B) 2. Meaning is established by linking the signifier and signified. The betwixt and

between realm is where meaning is determined. This is liminal region, and it is governed by the trickster

교재 참조(p. 6+보충) 17

Chain & Choice

Noam Chomsky

Colorless Green Ideas Sleep Furiously

A sentence used to show inadequacy of probabilistic models of grammar, and the need for

more structured models

   

*Deep Structure와 Surface Structure는 추후 다루기로 함

교재 참조(p. 6+보충) 18

Chain & Choice

1. Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.

2. Furiously sleep ideas green colorless.

Good Chain (Syntagmatic), Bad Choice (Paradigmatic)

Bad Chain (Syntagmatic), Bad Choice (Paradigmatic)

교재 참조(p. 6) 19

Chain & Choice

Syntagmatic Structure

1. I’d like sausage and chips, please (O) 2. Like Chipsausage would (X)

1. Chain

2. Choice 1

Paradigmatic Structure

1. I’d like sausage and chips, please (sausage  egg)

** 주어, 술어가 있을 경우 selection restriction 유의!

예) 동사 sleep의 주어가 무생물이 될 수 없다.

교재 참조(p. 7) 20

Chain & Choice and Translation

Choice is often fixed and determined by socio-cultural factors

Ex: Bats in the belfry (O) Bats in the steeple (X)

Ex: Tripe and chips (X) Boiled potato (X) Roast dog (X)

3. Choice 2

4. Choice and Translation

Cultural adaptation is sometimes needed

Deployment of adaptation strategy as a means to convey sociolinguistic connotation [ex: fish and chips(=typical national cheap meal)국밥)]

교재 참조(pp. 7-8) 21

기타: Collocation

Arbitrariness

It ’s raining cats and dogs (영어) Il pleut comme vache qui pisse (불어)

 서로 어울리는 연어를 잘 알고 있거나 혹은 우연히 잘 맞추어 사용하면 훌륭한 번 역이 될 수 있다.

 항상 연어가 맞거나 틀렸다고 단정 지을 수는 없지만 대중성은 고려해야 한다.

Collocation

교재 참조(pp. 9-10) 22

기타: 사회언어학과 화용론

나이, 계급, 출신, 지위 등에 비추어 언어를 연구하는 분야

Ex: Tripe and Chips

사회언어학

화용론

형태와 사용자 사이의 관계, 문맥상 의미, 화자의 의미, 상대적 거리 의 표현 등을 연구하는 분야

*참고: 통사론언어적 형태 사이의 관계, 조작된 방식에 대한 연구

의미론형태와 실체의 관계, 말로 된 묘사와 사건의 상태관계에 대한 연구