• 검색 결과가 없습니다.

Evaluation of the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome for the Young Adults in Korean Students of a University

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Evaluation of the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome for the Young Adults in Korean Students of a University"

Copied!
6
0
0

로드 중.... (전체 텍스트 보기)

전체 글

(1)

한국인 대학생군 대상의 청·장년층 대사이상증후군 위험성 평가

정재훈·이보름·임성진·장제관·이명구·이종길·임성실# 충북대학교 약학대학

(Received December 12, 2008; Revised December 28, 2008; Accepted December 29, 2008)

Evaluation of the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome for the Young Adults in Korean Students of a University

Jae Hun Chung, Bo Reum Lee, Sung Jin Lim, Je Kwan Jang, Myung Koo Lee, Chong Kil Lee and Sung Cil Lim

#

College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 410 Sungbong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Korea

Abstract

— Metabolic syndrome, defined as the clustering of several metabolic disorders including obesity (waist cir- cumference

90 if male or

80 if female, cm), dyslipidemia (TG

150 or HDL-C<40 if male or <50 if female, mg/dl), hyper- tension (BP

130/85 mmHg) and hyperglycemia (fasting plasma glucose

110 mg/dl), increases the cardiovascular risk of the general population. Recently, risk of this syndrome arises in young adults world widely. Therefore, we randomly selected and evaluated the risk of metabolic syndrome of total 43 people (group I-22, group II-21) for 2 years. Group I was 22 peoples (15 males, 7 females) with age of 22 thru 35 year old (average 28 year old) and group II was 21 people (19 male, 2 female) with age of 22 thur 32 years old (average 24 year old) in Cheongju area from March 1st thru 30th of 2008 in Cheongju area from September 1st thru 30th of 2007 in order to find out how serious this phenomenon is in young adult of Korea. 13.95%

(n=7) of total people has a metabolic syndrome by NCEP/ATPIII definition among this group (group I-6, group II-1). Those of 6 have 3 or over risk factor for metabolic syndrome such as obesity, hypertension, fasting blood glucose and hypet- riglyceridemia at the same time (group I-5, group II-1). Group I have more risk factor because of more higher age than group II. Therefore we need aggressively to monitor and provide them for early diagnosis, educational programs and assistance for lifestyle changes in order to prevent metabolic syndrome among young adults.

Keywords □

metabolic syndrome, young adult, prevention

대사이상증후군

(Metabolic syndroms)

1988

년에

Reaven

에 의해서

Syndrome X

로서명명된심장질환

,

뇌졸중

,

당뇨병의위 험도를증가시키는여러병리학적상태를의미한다

.

1-3)

,

혈압

증가

,

인슐린 내성

(Insulin resistance)

증가 고인슐린혈증

(Hyperinsulinemia),

비만

(Obesitry),

고혈압

(High blood pres- sure),

당뇨병

(Diabetes mellitus),

고지혈증

(Dyslipidemia)

발함으로써

,

관상동맥질환

(Coronary artery disease)

을포함한다 양한순환기질환들

(Cardiovascular diseases)

을야기시키는위험 요소로서이에대한적절한진단및예방은매우중요하다

.

1-3)

들병리학적상태는다음중의한가지존재에의해서결정되는 것은아니며

,

위의증상들이복합적으로존재됨으로써더욱위

험한상태를야기하므로

,

이들모두에대한인지와함께예방및 진행억제를위한적극적인생활패턴의변경도매우중요하다

.

3)

일반적으로대사이상증후군의위험요소들에는연령

(

연령의증가

와함께증가

),

종족

(Hispanic

아시아인에서증가

),

비만

(Body Mass Index

25

이상인경우에특히증가

),

당뇨병질환유무

,

고혈압및순환기질환의유무등이이에포함되며

,

진단은미국

the American Heart Asssociation

에서정의된

the National Colesterol Education Program(NCEP)

에의거한다

.

4,5)치료는발 병된경우에는해당질환

(

고혈압

,

당뇨병

,

이상지질혈증

)

치료

를위한약물요법과

,

진행예방및발병예방을위한비약물요법 등이있다

.

비약물요법에는운동

,

체중감소

,

건강식품식이요법

(

고섬유식이를포함한

Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet

를권장

),

금연

,

스트레스완화등이있다

.

6)최근대한의사협 회

(Korean Medical Association, KMA)

의보고에의하면한국인 의대사이상증후군의유병율은미국의유병률증가와동일해지

#논문에관한문의는저자에게로

(

전화

) 043-261-3590 (

팩스

) 043-268-2732

(E-mail) [email protected]

(2)

는것으로보고되고있으며

,

이미서부유럽국가들의유병율

다휠씬높은것으로보고되고있다

.

4)더군다나

,

오늘날한국의

경우에고혈압

,

당뇨병

,

고지혈증등의성인병질환도

20~30

대의 젊은청장년층의성인들에게서발병이증가되고있으므로대사 이상증후군에대한정확한파악과이에대한대처는국민보건 복지증진에있어매우중요하다

.

이에본연구를

2006

년부터

2008

까지청주지역의국립대

학교약학대학

4

학년에재학중인학생들

,

2

그룹을대상으로 환자의특성들과

, Metabolic Syndrome

의위험요소등에대해평 가와하였으며

,

이를근거로한국인청장년층의대사이상증후군

에대한예방에도움이되고자하였다

.

특히실험에참여한학생 들은평가당시약사자격증고시시험을준비하는학생들로써모 두과다한스트레스를가지고있고

,

특히

,

불충분한운동을하지

않고균형적이지못한영양분을섭취하고있다

.

이에추가적으 로개개인의생활방식과스트레스가대사이상증후군수준에얼 마나영향을주는지평가해보았다

.

대사이상증후군의측정기준

은대사이상증후군진단정의중에서아시아사람

(Asian)

을위해 수정된

The National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel(ATP) Guide Lines

따랐다

.

5,6)

The US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guide lines

는다음의항목들중에서

3

가지혹은그이 상에해당되는경우대사이상증후군으로진단함으로써개개인을 분류하였다

.

1)

중심부비만증

(Central obesity): WHO(The World Health Organization)

아시아인

(Asian)

불균형적비만분포를심장

혈관질환의위험요소로인지하고있고잠정적으로는

,

여성과남 성에서

80

또는

90 cm(31

또는

35inches)

이상인경우

,

2)

고혈압

(High blood pressure):

만약환자의수축기혈압과

확장기혈압이

130/85 mmHg

이상인경우혹은환자가혈압을 낮추는약을복용하고있는경우

,

3)

고혈당증

(Hyperglycemia):

지속적으로혈중포도당의

도가

110 mg/d

l이상이거나환자가혈중포도당을낮추는약을

복용하고있는경우

,

4)

HDL

혈증

(Low HDL-cholesterol: HDL-C): HDL-C

가남 성과여성에서각각

40 or 50 mg/d

l로지속되는경우

,

5)

고중성지방혈증

(Hypetriglyceridemia):

중성지방의공복혈

장농도가

150 mg/d

l이상인경우이다

.

실험 방법

연구대상및연구기간

본논문은청주지역의국립대학교약학과

43

명의

4

학년

(

22 & 21

: Class of 2003 and 2004)

학생들을대상으로

2006

부터

2008

년까지대사이상증후군평가에필요한조사항목들을

실제로측정평가하였다

.

자료수집및연구방법

조사한항목들로는대상학생들의특성인나이

,

성별

,

,

무게

,

가족력

,

복용약물들

,

동반질환등이있으며

,

특히대사이 상증후군진단에영향을미치는항목들인체지방지수

(BMI, Body

Mass Index),

공복혈당

,

혈압그리고중성지방혈증을실험기구

을이용하여직접측정하였다

.

, HDL

수치는연구실험실에측 정의어려움으로인해측정을할수없었다

.

또한대상학생들과

1

가족구성원들에대한대사이상혈증에영향을미치는질환들

(

고혈압

,

당뇨병

,

이상지질혈증

,

순환기질환등

)

에대한가족력을 평가하였으며

,

또한현재질환치료를위해복용중인약물의유 무등을평가하였다

.

최종대사이상혈증의유무에대한진단은

대사이상증후군진단정의중에서아시아사람

(Asian)

을위해수 정된

The National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel(ATP) Guide Lines

의거하여

,

평가한

항목중에서

3

가지이상에해당되는경우로평가하였다

(Table I).

통계

통계는

SPSS ver.12(for window)

를사용하여항목별빈도분 석과서로다른두항목간의교차분석을실시하였다

.

교차분석

시유의수준 p값은

p<0.05

하여통계처리하였다

.

모든빈도

수는해당되는사례수를백분율로나타내어단순비교하였고

,

백분율은소수점아래둘째자리에서반올림하여표기하였다

.

표와그래프는

Microsoft Excel Program

사용하여작성하였다

.

실험 결과

환자의특성

본대상환자들의특성을살펴보면

, 2006

3

월부터

2007

2

월사이에

4

학년으로재학중인

group I

22

(23~36

:

28.6

)

이었으며

, 2007

3

월부터

2008

2

월사이에

4

학년 으로재학중인

group II

21

(22~32

:

평균

24.4

)

여하였다

.

성별의비율을보면여성이총

11

(group I: 7, group II: 2),

남성은총

34

(group I: 15, group II: 19)

이었다

.

평가당 시에고혈압

,

당뇨병

,

이상지질혈증

,

순환기질환을앓고있는

생들은두그룹모두에서전혀없었으며

, 1

촌가족에서의질환 에대한가족력은

group I

에서는

14

, group II

에서는

14

명이 있는것으로평가되었다

(Table I).

대사이상증후군위험요소:비만도(Obesity)평가

본논문에서는

obesity

측정이보다정확한체질량지수

(Body

Mass Index: BMI)

를키와몸무게수치를이용하여계산하여분

류평가하였다

. 18.5

이하는저체중

(Under-weight), 18.5~23

(3)

하는 정상체중

(Normal-weight), 23~25

이하는 과체중

(Over- weight), 25

초과는비만

(Obesity)

으로분류하되대사이상증후군 의진단시과체중이상의경우를평가반영하였다

.

group

별 로살펴본결과저체중은총

2

(group I: 1, group II: 1),

정상

체중은

24

(group I: 12, group II: 12),

과체중은

10

(group I:

4, group II: 6),

비만은

7

(group I: 5, group II: 2)

이었다

.

따라 서총

17

(group I: 9, group II: 8)

39.53%

대사이상증후

군의위험요소로평가되었다

(Table I & Fig. 1).

대사이상증후군위험요소:고혈압(High Blood) 평가 대상학생들을대상으로하여혈압측정결과에의거하면대사 이상증후군의위험요소로기여될수있는혈압

130/85

이상인

경우는총

14

(group I: 8, group II: 6)

이었다

.

이상혈압은

17

(group I: 10, group II: 7)

으로

39.5%

에불과하였다

(Table I

& Fig. 1).

대사이상증후군위험요소:공복혈당(Fasting Blood Glucose) 평가

평가된대상학생들의대사이증후군에위험요소로기여되는 공복혈당이

110 mg/d

l이상인경우는총

9

(group I: 7, group II: 2)

으로

20.9%

평가되었다

(Table I & Fig. 1).

Table I

Patients' characteristics (n=43)

Group I (n=22)* Group II (n=21)*

Age (years) 28.6 (range 23~36 years) 24.4 (range 22~32 years)

Less than 30 14 Less than 30 19

30 over 08 30 over 02

Sex (M, F) M-15, F-7 M-19, F-2

Co-Disease

(HTN, DM, CVD)* Have 22 Have 21

Don't have 00 Don't have 00

1

o

Relatives of Co-Disease by

Family History (HTN, DM, CVD)* Have 14 Have 14

Don't have 08 Don't have 09

Body Mass Index (kg/m

2

)

22.79 22.29

Under-weight (<18.4 kg/m

2

) 01 Under-weight (>18.4kg/m

2

) 01 Normal-weight (18.5~23.0 kg/m

2

) 12 Normal-weight (18.5~23.0 kg/m

2

) 12 Over-weight (23.1~25.0 kg/m

2

) 04 Over-weight (23.1~25.0 kg/m

2

) 06 Obesity (>25.0 kg/m

2

) 05 Obesity (<25.0 kg/m

2

) 02

Blood Pressure (n)

Normal (<120/80) 10 Normal (<120/80) 07

Pre-hypertension 09 Pre-hypertension 11

121~129 and/or 81~84 4 121~129 and/o r81~84 08

130~139 and/or 85~89 5 130~139 and/or 85~89 03

Hypertension Stage I

(140~159 and/or 90~99) 02 Hypertension Stage I

140~159 and/or 90~99) 02

Hypertension Stage II

(160 and/or 100 over) 01 Hypertension Stage II

(160 and/or 100 over) 01

Fasting

Blood Glucose (mg/d l ) Less than 100 mg/d l 15 Less than 100 mg/d l 19

100 mg/d l over 07 100 mg/d l over 02

*Group I: Patients' in 4th grade who were examined from 2006 to 2007; Group II: Patients' in 4th grade who were examined from 2007 to 2008

HTN, Hypertension; DM, Diabetes Mellitus; CVD, Cardiovascular disease

Fig. 1

Number of patients who meet standard of metabolic syndrome depending on each criteria between 2 groups.

*BP, Blood Pressure; FBG, Blood blood glucose.

(4)

가족력및약물상호작용평가

연구에참여한대상학생들의

1

촌가족중에서당뇨병

,

고혈 압

,

이상지질혈증이나순환기질환

(

심근경색

)

등을앓고있는경 우는총

28

(group I: 14, group II: 1)

으로

65.1%

평가되었

으나

,

평가대상학생의경우에서는두그룹모두에서아무도동 반질환을갖고있지않았다

.

또한대상학생들의경우에종합비 타민을복용

(

16

)

하거나간혹필요시두통에진통제복용

(

3

)

만있을뿐대사이상증후군에영향을미칠약물들은모두복 용하고있지않는것으로평가되었다

(Table I & Fig. 1).

대사이상증후군의평가:위험요소중3가지이상을모두동반한 환자군

평가 대상 학생들중에서 대사이상증후군에해당되는 학생 은 총

6

(group I: 5, group II: 1)

으로

13.95%

평가되었

.

,

비만

,

고혈압

,

고공복혈당

,

고중성지방에의대사이 상증후군의 위험요소중에서

3

가지이상에동시에 해당되는 학생은 총

6

명이였으며

,

평균연령이 높은

group 1(

평균

연령

28.6

)

에서 대부분

(5

)

이 해당되었다

(Table III &

Fig. 2).

Table II

Number of patients who meet the criteria of metabolic syndrome (with

3 categories) No.

Group I (n=22) Group II (n=21)

Body mass index

(

23 kg/m

2

) Blood pressure

(

130/85 mmHg) Fasting blood glucose (>100 mg/d l )

Hyper triglycerides (>150 mg/d l )

Body mass index

(

23 kg/m

2

) Blood pressure

(

130/85 mmHg) Fasting blood glucose (>100 mg/d l )

Hyper triglycerides (>150 mg/d l )

01 x x x x x 140/100 x x

02 23.57 135/950 110* x 23.5 x x x

03 24.07 130/950 120* x x x x x

04 26.33 150/102 120* x x 132/970 x x

05 x x x x 23.6 x x x

06 x x x x x x x x

07 24.06 x x x 23.5 x x x

08 x x x x x x x x

09 x x x x 24.7 133/800 114* x

10 x x x x x x x x

11 x x x x 23.0 x x x

12 x x x x x x x x

13 x x x x 23.3 x x x

14 x x x x 25.4 x x x

15 x x x x 26.4 132/760 x x

16 27.78 144/150 x >150 mg/d l * x x x x

17 27.64 x x x 23.6 x x x

18 25.95 135/840 x >150 mg/d l * x 150/780 x x

19 x x x x x 130/900 x x

20 23.67 x x x x x x x

21 x 130/770 x x x 164/108 x x

22 33.41 164/113 129* x

* Patients' in 4th grade who exceeded over 3 standard of metabolic syndrome x-patient in 4th grade who don't exceeded standard of metabolic syndrome

Table III

Measurement of metabolic syndrome in 2 groups Group I

(n=22) Group II (n=21)

BMI* 9 8

BP* 6 8

FBG* 4 1

Tg* 2 N/A

HDL-C* N/A N/A

Number of Exceeding over 3 standard

in metabolic syndrome 6 1

*BMI: body mass index: BP: blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol; N/A: none

accountable Fig. 2

Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome between 2 groups.

(5)

고찰 및 결론

대사이상증후군

(Metabolic syndroms)

, Syndrome X

는심 장질환

,

뇌졸중

,

당뇨병의위험도를증가시키는여러병리학적

복합상태를의미하는것으로각질환의위험요소의증가에따 라기하급수적으로위험도가증가된다

.

따라서이에대한예방 과적절한치료는국민보건복지증진에있어매우중요하다하 겠다

.

일반적으로고혈압

,

당뇨병

,

이상지질혈증의경우는연령 의증가와함께증가하여

40

대이후에최고로발병되는것으로 알려져있다

.

하지만최근세계화추세와함께한국에서도서구

화식단과경제성장의결과로청장년층에서도과잉영양공급에 의거한비만도의증가와

,

지질이상혈증

,

당뇨병

,

고혈압의발병 이증가되고있다

.

4-6)특히공부에대한부담으로인해운동의

족과스트레스증가등의위험요소도배재할수없으므로청장 년에서의대사이상증후군에대한평가가필요할것으로사료되 어이에본연구를수행하였으며

,

결과실제로대사이상증후

군에해당되는환자가총

6

(13.95%)

으로평가되었다

.

이는연 구대상학생의연령과적은연구대상수를고려할때매우높 은수치로간주되며

,

이를전국의청장년층에적용높은

의대사이상증후군의환자가있을것으로감히예측할수있다

.

특히대사이상증후군은질환에의해서뿐만아니라

,

여러가지 합병증을동반하므로이에대한적극적인예방과처치는국민보 건복지증진을고려할때매우중요하다

.

이들병리학적상태는 다음중의한가지존재에의해서결정되는것은아니며

,

위의

증상들이복합적으로

(3

가지이상

)

존재되었을더욱위험한

태를야기하므로

,

이들모두에대한인지와함께적극적인예방 및진행억제를위한생활패턴의변경도병행하는것이매우중 요하다

.

일반적으로대사이상증후군의위험요소들에는연령

(

연령

의증가와함께증가

),

종족

(Hispanic

및아시아인에서증가

),

비 만

(Body Mass Index

25

이상인경우에특히증가

),

당뇨병질

환유무

,

고혈압순환기질환의유무등이이에포함되며

,

단은미국의

the American Heart Asssociation

에서정의된

the National Colesterol Education Program(NCEP)

의거한다

.

4-6)

치료는발병된경우에는해당질환

(

고혈압

,

당뇨병

,

이상지질혈 증

)

의치료를위한약물요법과

,

진행예방및발병예방을위한 비약물요법등이있다

.

비약물요법에는운동

,

체중감소

,

건강식

품 식이요법

(

고섬유식이를포함한

Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet

를권장

),

금연

,

스트레스완화등이있다

.

7,8)

본연구결과에의거하면특히실험에참여한학생들은평가당 시약사자격증고시시험을준비하는학생들로써모두과다한스 트레스를가지고있고

,

특히

,

불충분한운동을하지않고균형적 이지못한영양분을섭취하고있었으며

,

또한대사이사증후

군발생에기여되었을것으로사료된다

.

이에적극적으로공부

의부담이크지만

,

운동요법및

DASH

식단의식이요법등에대

한홍보가필요하다고사료된다

.

연구에서는대사이상증후군

의측정기준은대사이상증후군진단정의 중에서아시아사람

(Asian)

을 위해 수정된

The National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel(ATP) Guide Lines

,

4-6)

The US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guide lines

는다음의항목들중에서

3

가지 혹은그이상에해당되는경우대사이상증후군으로진단함으로 써개개인을분류하였는데

,

허리사이즈를평가한결과

group I

& II

의경우에는여성의경우

31

인치에경우가전혀없었고

group I

경우에는남성의경우

4

명과

group II

경우에는

2

으로평가되었으나

, BMI

를적용한경우에는비만에해당되는환 자가총

17

(group I: 9 & group II: 8)

에해당되므로이번평 가에서는

BMI

적용하는것이타당할것으로사료되어

를따랐다

.

혈압평가에있어서는기기를이용하여평가하되

,

Prehypertension

에해당되는환자중에서환자의수축기혈압과

확장기혈압이

130/85 mmHg

이상인경우나혹은환자가혈압을

낮추는약을복용하고있는경우를해당위험요소로평가하였으 며

,

또한공복혈당농도가

110 mg/d

l이상이거나환자가혈중

도당을낮추는약을복용하고있는경우도실제로측정평가하

였다

.

,

실험여건상측정이불가한

HDL-C

의농도는고려하

지못하였으며

,

중성지방의공복혈장농도가

150 mg/d

l이상인경 우를

finger stick

기기를이용하여평가하였다

.

가족력과의연관

성에서는

, 40.0%(Diabetes)

의당뇨병가족력보유자와

25.0%

의 고혈압보유자가같은질환을가지고있었다

.

이것은만약가족

력을가지고대사이상증후군표준기준을최소한가지라도가지 고있다면그사람은가족력을가지고있지않은사람보다대사 증후군위험도에영향을미치는것으로알려졌으며

,

결과대사

이상증후군으로판명된환자에서모두가족력이동반된것으로 판명되었다

(Table I).

오늘날

,

세계적으로비만질환은증가하고있을뿐만아니

라대사이상증후군은만성질환과직접적으로연관되어있다

.

10-17)

유년기동안에비만질환을가지고있었던

20.0%

의어린이들은 최소

4

가지의대사증후군표준기준을초과하였다

.

또한

,

인슐린

내성과대사이상증후군은비만질환을가지고있는어린이들에게 공통적으로나타난다

.

9)이로써본논문에참여한학생들에서도

13.95%

학생에서대사이상증후군으로평가되었다

.

,

국청장년층군에서의대사이상증후군의발병은가능하며또한 위험성이적지않음을알수있다

.

본논문의결과가연구그룹 의특성및적은수에의해결코우리나라전체성인들에대해 대표성을나타낼수는없으나

,

또한발병율의위험성을완전히 부정할수는없다하겠다

.

이에바쁜현대사회방식으로인해서 구화된높은지질

,

높은열량영양분

,

운동부족그리고과도한

트레스는전세계적으로대사이상증후군의위험성은나날이증 가할것으로사료되며

,

특히과도한스트레스와공부의부담으

(6)

로운동의부족과함께

fast food

노출증가가가능한청장년

층에서대사이상증후군의예방및위험성에대한적극적인홍보 는매우필요하다고사료된다

.

9-17)

,

건강의위협을막기위해

,

규칙적인운동과조절된영양섭취와체중조절은청장년층의건 강에있어매우중요하다

.

감사의 말씀

이논문

(

도서

,

작품

)

2008

년도충북대학교학술연구지원사 업의연구비지원에의하여연구되었음

(This work was supported by the research grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2008).

참고문헌

1) Solymoss, B. C., Bourassa, M. G. and Campcau, L. : Effect of increasing metabolic syndrome score on atherosclertic risk profile and coronary artery disease angiogtaphic severity. Am.

J. Cardiol.

93

, 159 (2004).

2) Isomaa, B., Almgtren, P. and Tuomi, T. : Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care.

24

, 683 (2001).

3) Laaksonen, D. E., Lakka, H. M., Niskanen, L. K., Kaplan, G. A., Salonen, J. T. and Lakka, T. A. : Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol.

156

, 1070 (2002).

4) The US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel: Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evalution, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) final report. Circulation.

106

, 3143 (2002).

5) Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel). JAMA

285

, 2486 (2001).

6) Kim, H. C., Choi, K. S., Jang, Y. H., Shin, H. W. and Kim, D. J. : Normal serum aminotransferase levels and the metabolic syndrome: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination

Surveys. Yonsei Med. J.

47

, 542 (2006).

7) WHO : Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. WHO Technical Report Series. Geneva, WHO, p. 854 (1995).

8) World Health Organization. Geneva, World Health Organiza- tion : Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases:

report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. WHO

916

, (2003).

9) Tapia Ceballos, L., Lopez Siguero, J. P. and Jurado Ortiz, A. : Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in obese children and adolescents. An. Pediatr. (Barc).

67

, 352 (2007).

10) Grandi, A. M., Maresca, A. M., Giudici, E., Laurita, E., Marchesi, C. and Solbiati, F. : Metabolic syndrome and morphofunctional characteristics of the left ventricle in clinically hypertensive nondiabetic subjects. Am. J. Hypertens

19

, 199 (2006).

11) Reilly, M. P. and Rader, D. J. : The metabolic syndrome: more than sum of its parts? Circulation.

108

, 1546 (2003).

12) Scuteri, A., Najjar, S. S., Muller, D. C., Andres, R., Hougaku, H.

and Metter, E. J. : Metabolic syndrome amplifies the age- associated increases in vascular thckness and stiffness. J. Am.

Coll. Cardiol.

43

, 1388 (2004).

13) Grassi, G. and Giannattasio, C. : Obesity and vascular stiffness:

when body fat has an adverse impact on arterial dynamics. J.

Hypertens.

23

, 1789 (2005).

14) Kosch, M., Barenbrock, M., Kisters, K., Rahn, K. H. and Haysberg, M. : Relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and large artery mechanical vessel wall properties in renal transplant patients. J. Hypertens.

20

, 501 (2002).

15) Westerbacka, J., Seppälä-Lindroos, A. and Yki-Järvinen, H. : Resistance to acute insulin induced decreases in large artery stiffness accompanies the insulin resistance syndrome. J. Clin.

Endorcrinol. Metab.

86

, 5262 (2001).

16) Malik, S., Wong, N. D., Franklin, S. S., Kamath, T. V. and

L'Italien, G. J. : Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality

from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all

causes in United States adults. Circulation.

110

, 1245 (2004)

17) Kawamoto, R., Tomita, H., Oka, Y. and Ohtsuka, N. :

Relationship between serum uric acid concentration, metabolic

syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis. Intern. Med.

45

, 605

(2006).

수치

Fig. 1 − Number of patients who meet standard of metabolic syndrome depending on each criteria between 2 groups.
Table II − Number of patients who meet the criteria of metabolic syndrome (with  ≥ 3 categories) No

참조

관련 문서

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III).. Third

MS was defined by third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in

Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment

Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adult (Adult Treatment Panel

Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults

Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program(NECP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood

The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment

Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol