IEG 환경지질연구정보센터
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(2) f>7Á·Ò~ÁÒ'Á*ç^. 46. 1.. B . 7Ö öVbö ~ ~ãJ"öº >î, &V, Æ·ö & J"j > ®æò "ö ç~ ®º ^B 7 ~¾º 7Öÿö ~ BB 7öÒö ~ ©b ß ® ê7ÿö ~ BB öC" F7·ë ÖÂB 7 öB BB «~~ J" bî æ~>, ;, Æ·j ¶ êö F«>B Fbî~ · ¶;ËKj >bB B>º ~ã^B . ¢>' b, Æ·b F«>º J"bîf Æ·ö ~ ¶' ;z";j ö n;z>º, Æ· &æº ;zËK ~ "öf bö ~ ª·Ï" Æ·FVbö ~ J"bî~ O¢ > ® . ¾, 7Ö öÒ ö FB 7.³f Æ· b~ ÿj ÛB~ Æ· &ê ;zËKj &~Ê, 7 ö OB ; Ò~º 7.³ f "æöB BB ÖW7ÖV>¾ Ö Wjö ~ "¯b j ¾J¾ ®Ïz>Ú ~Âb F«>º ";öB 2N' >îJ"j ¢bʺ ö B . 7.³~ ÿb Æ·" ~ 5 æ~>J"f 7Ö öÒö FB 7.³ö² ~ ªf. ãæ "ææ~ bÒ, z' æzö "6 >wj æ ö² Wª ~ Ï 5 ÿö & æ ìb ;{ 7" ®&Ë~ . Ï 5 ÿö & º 7Öÿö ~ 7ÖöVb ÿö 'Ï &Ë ~ ß® 7 ¢ ã 6º 7Ò6ö ~ ÏÒ~&j ãÖ ~Âb~ ÿ, æ~>~ FÂ, æ Æ·~ J " &ËWj .G~º 7º ;¢ B ©b 6 B . GöB Öëÿö ~ VÂ>º J" bî~ F«b "ææ~ Æ·J"¾ Æ·ö ~ J"bî~ BV·j ~V *B Æ·ö FB 7.³~ ÏÂßWj «~º & jº ©b ÒòB . V¢B öBº Kÿ ç~æ~ ö ê7~ öÒf çÿ7ë²öB ÖÂB 7 ¢ &çb 7Ö öÒö FB 7.³~ Ò;ö V ÿW" pH~ æzö ~ >w*ê 7.³~ Ï ßWj j v~ ¦Æ~& . 1). 2). 2.. Òò 5 O». Òæ Bº æ~ æîf ~ &¦ª ²* FÆ2ÒjV ~ WÖÞzÚ rJê 7æWzb >Ú®, ¢ ¦;b b Æ2-JJêjÊV~ F*[ 2.1.. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003. " &« FÆ2ÒjV~ zWzê . 6 æ ' ßWj ;öê 'ú çÿsj &Û~ v º Kÿ ç~ö *~ b öê7" 7C7ÖöB BB öÒ& ÖÒ>Ú ® . æ~ öê7öB B B öC òº Kÿ ç~æ~ «ê öê7öB B B öÒ "ææö 7º*~² *~~ ®b, . ³7Ö~ öÒº çÿ7ë²öB F7 ÖÂB 7 öWöB VÂ>º ÖW7ÖV>f ;Öö ~ Kÿ ~ F«> ® . ò~ ªCO» Òò 7ÖöÒº «êê7öB CêFê·ë ê öV B öC" çÿ7ë²öB F7·ë";öB BB 7 ¢ [(0~15 cm)öB j~& . ò~ &Wj ¸V * 2 m *Ï~ ; OË Ï ¶¢ B 10B~ ¦ªò¢ j~ b *Ú~ ò& 1 kg ç >ê ~&b, ¶ Î ê ï¶ ÒBj Ï~ ªê r 2 mmÚ Úî ê, . j »ª~ 64 µm ~~ «ãj <º ò¢ zªC Ïb ~& . ;6ïf ³ ò¢ 550 CöB 2* ÿn & ê &~V *"~ Z²N Ö;~& . FVî² ïf Kjeldahl»ö ~ G;~& . Æ·~ «êªCf 2 mm Úî ò¢ ÒÏ~ sieve and pipet» ö V ¢ ~&b, Æ·~ ç ª~º Shepard~ O» j V¶ . ¦zêº î²f ;6ï~ j Ö;~&b , 20 ~º oligohumic, 20~25º mesohumic, 25 çf polyhumicb ~& . 7.³~ Ò;º Tessier ~ O» ö V¢ adsorbed 2.2.. o. 4). 5). 6). 7). metal, carbonate metal, reducible metal, organic metal,. 5&æ ; ºÂ~& . Æ· 7~ 7.³f &æ ; Ò~æò ¢> 'b ã¶~ ö OB adsorbed metal, êÖ"~ ; Ò~º carbonate metal, .³Özb" B reducible metal, FVb" &N>¾ Fzb ; ª~ >º organic metal, 'b ¶Ú~ WWª" &NB residual metal b ª~B . ºÂB ò 7~ 7.³ ³êº 0.45 µm glass fiber filter 6{" ê çj residual metal. ICP(Perkin Elmer XL 3100, USAAAS(Atomic Absorption. G;~& . J"bî~ ÿ &ËW ï&º 7.³~ ÿ &Ë ¦ª adsorbed, carbonate, reducible, organic fraction ~ ''~ ï ïj~ b ï&~& .. Spectrometry : Varian Techtron AA-6). 7).
(3) ZÁö7ÖæöB öÒÚ 7.³~ Ò; 5 ÏÂßWö & . 7.³~ ÏÂßW Æ· 7ö FB 7.³~ ÏÂßWj ¦Æ~V * Ï þf ÚÏÂþ»~ ÏÂ(j=10)j J~ ò 5 gj Ã~> 50 mlf b~ pH, Ï * j æzÊB >¯~& . 2.3.. ö V 7.³~ ÏÂÿ Æ· 7ö FB 7.³ ;Öö ~ ÏÂ>º ;ê ¢ rjV *, Ã~>¢ ÒÏ~ Æ· òö & Ï þj >¯~& . öBº pH 3.0f pH 5.6 öB '' >¯~&b, pH 3.0f ¾ê7öB VÂB Ö W7ÖV>f ÖWj ö ~ 7.³~ ÏÂÿj ï &~V * © .. y : concentration (mg/kg) of heavy metal released at time t b : release rate constant a : concentration (mg/kg) of initial heavy metal t : reaction time (hr). 3.. 2.3.1 pH. ÏÂ*ö V 7.³ ÏÂÿ Æ· 7ö Ò~º 7.³~ *ö V ÏÂÿj rjV * 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h ÿn 9ê ª~ >¯~& . 2.3.2. þO» 2.4.1 >w*ö V Ï þ ªCÏ ò 1 gj 50 ml â'2¢Êö ê ºÂ 10 ml¢ &~& . ºÂ~ pHº N;ê¢ 0.01 M . Ã~>¢ ÒÏ~ '' pH 3.0, 5.6b . ~& . 6 >w*ö V 7.³ ÏÂïj rjV *~ 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72* ÿn 25 C 160 rpmöB êûV . êûÎ Ïf 0.45 µm ï "æ 6{ "Î ê çö ®º ÏÂB 7.³j FêÖ 2¢®î(ICP) ªC~& . ªCÖ"¢ Kinetic modelö 'Ï~ >w³êê>¢ êÂ~& . 'ÏB Î f “Power function”î . Îf r" ? . 5 Power function Kinetic model (1) y=aÜ t 2.4.. o. b. ln y = ln a + b ln t. (2). 47. Ö" 5 V. Cê öC 5 7 ~ z' ßW f j ò~ z' ßWj ¾æÞ ©. . çÿæ öê7~ öÒf çÿ7ë²öB BB 7 ~ pHº ' 3.3" 5.8b ¾æ¾, Cê öÒ& 7 . ; ÖWj & . Cê öÒ~ pH& 7 ÖWj ¾æÚº Fº C ê~ W";öB ¾æ ßWb æ'æÿb ÖB bÚ *ö 6N vâÚ 'b & Ö²/ 7 B ç~ö ª·Ïj ~º "; 7ö bö f JÊ Wªb Ú®~ H, N, O ~ &¦ª" CWª ~ ¢¦& zê&Ê(CH ),zÎîj(NH ), >ª b æ ~, ê³>º æ[~ {K" ö ~~ êz·Ï ê ¯(Carbonization)";öB bÒz' æzö ~ FVb ª>B ÖWê& Ã& ~&V r^b 6B . Òæ Cê öÒf 7 ~ ·N~~Ïïf 2.3" 6.3 cmol(+) kg ~ º*& . ÆWf Clay loam" Sand clay loamîb, &Ú 7 º Cê~ öÒ& Î ¾º ', Òf 6Æ~ ·f ôf ©b Ò>î . ß®, Cê~ öÒ~ ãÖ Ò¾ 6Æ~ ï z ¸f ©b ¾æÒº, º ;Öf :²ö ~ ÿ &Ë W z ¸j ©b 6>, öê7æ~ Æ·¾ ~ F B öÒö ~ J"F > ®j © b .G > ®î . Cê öÒf 7 ~ FVb ï f 15.0%f 1.7%~ º*& . 3.1.. Table 1. 4. 3. −1. 7.³~ Ò;(fractionation) öÒ¾ 7 7~ 7.³f Ò;ö V¢ Ö^V 3.2.. Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of the experimental mine tailing samples pH (1:5). CEC TOC T-N OM OM/N Humic level Sand Silt Clay cmol(+)/kg ---- % -------- % ---C. W. 3.3 2.3 39.7 0.3 15.0 50.0 polyhumic 43.6 26.3 30.2 S. T. 5.8 6.3 2.0 0.2 1.7 8.3 oligohumic 47.7 25.8 26.6 CEC; Cation exchange capacity; TOC; Total organic carbon; T-N ; Total nitrogen; OM; Organic matter. C. W.; Coal waste. S. T.; Sangdong mine tailing.. Soil texture Clay loam Sand clay loam. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003.
(4) 48. f>7Á·Ò~ÁÒ'Á*ç^. Fig. 1. Relative distribution of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn fractions in the coal wastes and mine tailing.. ¾ ÏÂ;êö N& ® . Adsorbed formf 㶠ö OB 7.³b 7.³ 6Æ ~ ö z 'b OB ©b ÖK £~ «¶~ v¦ ¾ pH æzö ~ £² îO, ÿF > ®º ¦ª . Carbonate formf êÖ"~ ; Ò~º 7.³b >[öB pH& Ôjæ £² ÏÂ>º ¦ª . Reducible formf .³ Özb" B 7.³b 6Æ ö ƾ * Özb" >Ú ®º ¦ªb 6 VW ç F r Ï ¢ÚÆ &ËW . Organic formf FVbö OB 7.³ 6º FVb ªö ~ Fzb Ò~º 7.³b ^VW çöB FVb~ Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003. ª Ï ¢ÚÆ &ËW . Residual formf 7 b~ Ö; ³ö Ò~º 7.³b ¶' ~ãö Bº ~ Ï >æ pb¾ ³z 5 ª(decomposition) ö ~B ÏÂF &ËW ® . Table 2º öÒf 7 7 ' 7.³(Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn)~ Ò;ê ³ê¢ ¾æÞ ©, Fig. 1f ' 7.³~ Ò;ê jNj ¾æÞ © . Cê öC" 7 7 Ú~ Cïf 22.7~22.9 mg/kg ¢ '' ¾æÚÚ vòöB jÝ ³ê ¾æÒ. (Table 2). ¾, 8 f Bowen 0.35 mg/kg, Paisf Jones, Jr. & 0.11~3.0 mg/kg, 8). 10). 11).
(5) ZÁö7ÖæöB öÒÚ 7.³~ Ò; 5 ÏÂßWö & . 49. Table 2. Fractions concentration of various heavy metal in coal waste and mine tailing. Sample I. D Cd Cu Ni Pb Zn. C. S. C. S. C. S. C. S. C. S.. W. T. W. T. W. T. W. T. W. T.. Adsorbed. Carbonate. 1.9 2.0 23.0 1.2 11.1 14.5 2.4 2.6 18.7 12.6. 2.9 1.3 35.4 30.3 13.2 13.4 2.6 4.9 68.7 29.4. 0.1~0.5 mg/kg, Bear & 0.01~0.7 mg/kg~ Æ· 7 Ú~ ¦ï" jv r Òæf £ 5.5VöB ô²º 200Vç ¸f 8j Úö ~ v æ~ ò& J"B ©b ÒòB . öC" 7 ö FB Ú~ Ò;º adsorbed fraction 1.9~2.0 mg/kg, carbonate fraction 2.9~1.3 mg/kg, reducible fraction 1.7~2.1 mg/kg, organic fraction 3.7~2.0 mg/kg, residual fraction 12.5~15.5 mg/kg b ¾æ¾, *Ò~ ¶~ãöB ÿ &Ë Ú~ Ò;º Cê öC~ ãÖ adsorbed fraction" carbonate fractionb Cï~ £ 21.2% 4.8 mg/kg~ Ú ÿF > ®j ©b .G>, Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º jNf £ 55.1%& . 7 ~ ãÖ ÿ &Ë Ò;º ¦zê& oligohumic ç F7 ·ë ÒÏB VBf ¦FB fatty acids ¾ R.Ö" ?f FVb~ ª& ê³F © b .ç>Ú adsorbed fraction" carbonate fraction, organic fractionb Cï~ £ 23.2% 5.3 mg/kg~ Ú 7 ¦V "æ~ ~ãb ÿ ©b .ç >, Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º jNf £ 67.6% ¾æÒ . V¢B Cê öC¾ 7 7 ÿ Ï Ò& ï F>Ú ®Ú öê7æ¾ 7Ò 6öB B>º FÂ>ö ~Bê ï~ Ú ~ Â ê¾ "æ ~ãj J"Ò > ®V r^ö ö ' &k jº~ . öC" 7 ö FB Ò~ Ò;º adsorbed fraction 23.0~1.2 mg/kg, carbonate fraction 35.4~ 30.3 mg/kg, reducible fraction 205.4~63.8 mg/kg, organic fraction 540.1~434.1 mg/kg, residual fraction 1317.2~ Rose. 12). 13). Reducible ------------------- mg/kg 1.7 2.1 205.4 63.8 44.8 43.8 40.2 57.3 191.3 241.8. Organic ------------------3.7 2.0 540.1 434.1 104.1 170.4 37.6 131.6 545.3 484.6. Residual. Total. 12.5 15.5 1317.2 654.7 375.5 185.3 489.2 364.0 1457.2 1466.2. 22.7 22.9 2121.0 1184.1 548.8 427.4 572.0 560.4 2281.2 2234.7. b ¾æ¾, *Ò~ ¶~ãöB ÿ &Ë Ò~ Ò;º Cê öC~ ãÖ adsorbed fraction " carbonate fractionb Cï~ £ 2.8% 58.4 mg/kg ~ ÿF > ®j ©b .G>, Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º jNf £ 62.1% ¾æÒ (Table 2). *ö ¾æ Ö"¢ Æ& Bowen 30.0 (2.0~250) mg/kg, Paisf Jones, Jr. & 2.0~100.0 mg/kg, Rose 15.0 mg/kg, Bear & 2.0~100.0 mg/kg~ Æ· 7 Ò~ ¦ï" j v r v æ Òö ~ '~² J"B ©b Òò>î . 6 ¶ê ÿ&ËW ®j ©b . ç>º ³êê ''~ òöB ¦ïj ç²~º 8b ¾æÒb ß® 7 ~ ãÖ ô²º 250V ;ê ¸f 8b ¾æ¾ 7 & ¶~ãö Â>îj ãÖ ÿW Ö ©b ÒòB . öC" 7 ö FB î.~ Ò;º adsorbed fraction 11.1~14.5 mg/kg, carbonate fraction 13.2~ 13.4 mg/kg, reducible fraction 44.8~43.8 mg/kg, organic fraction 104.1~170.4 mg/kg, residual fraction 375.5~ 185.3 mg/kgb ¾æ¾, *Ò~ ¶~ãöB ÿ &Ë Ò~ Ò;º Cê öC~ ãÖ adsorbed fraction " carbonate fractionb Cï~ £ 4.4% 24.3 mg/kg ~ ÿF > ®j ©b .G>, Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º jNf £ 68.4% ¾æÒ (Table 2). 7 ~ ãÖ ÿ &Ë Ò;º adsorbed fraction " carbonate fraction, organic fractionb Cï~ £ 46.4% 198.3 mg/kg~ î. 7 ¦V "æ~ ~ ãb ÿ ©b .ç>, Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º jNf £ 43.4% ¾æÒ . *ö ¾æ Ö"¢ Kloke & 100.0 mg/kg~ 654.7 mg/kg. 10). 11). 12). 13). 14). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003.
(6) f>7Á·Ò~ÁÒ'Á*ç^. 50. Æ· 7 î.~ J"V&>~ ï" jv r v æ î.ö ~ '~² J"B ©b Òò>î . ¾ ¶ê ÿ&ËW ®j ©b .ç>º ³êê C ê öÒ º 7 öB J"V&~¢ ç²~º 8b ¾æ¾ 7 & ¶~ãö Â>îj ãÖ ÿW. Ö ©b ÒòB . öC" 7 ö FB Ï~ Ò;º adsorbed fraction 2.4~2.6 mg/kg, carbonate fraction 2.6~4.9 mg/kg, reducible fraction 40.2~57.3 mg/kg, organic fraction 37.6~131.6 mg/kg, residual fraction 489.2~ 364.0 mg/kgb ¾æ¾, *Ò~ ¶~ãöB ÿ &Ë Ï~ Ò;º Cê öC~ ãÖ adsorbed fraction " carbonate fractionb Cï~ £ 0.8% 5.0 mg/kg ~ ÿF > ®j ©b .G>, Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º jNf £ 85.5% ¾æÒ (Table 2). 7 ~ ãÖ ÿ &Ë Ò;º adsorbed fraction " carbonate fraction, organic fractionb Cï~ £ 24.9% 139.1 mg/kg~ Ï 7 ¦V "æ~ ~ãb ÿ ©b .ç>, Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º jNf £ 65.0% ¾æÒ . *ö ¾æ Ö" ¢ Æ·~ã*» ö BB &kV&(& æ) 300 mg/kg" Paisf Jones, Jr. & 3~189 mg/kg, Rose 17 mg/kg, Bear f Levinson 2~200 mg/kg~ Æ· 7 Ï~ ¦ï" jv r v æöB Cïf V&~ ç~ 8j ¾æÚ Cê öÒf 7 & ÖÒ ®º æ J"B ©b Òò>îb, ¶ê ÿ&ËW ®j ©b .ç >º ³êê ''~ òöB ¦ï Ôf 8j ¾æ¾ ¶~ãö Â>îj ãÖ ÿW Ôj "æ ~ãö ~º 'Ë 7.³ º 'j ©b Ò ò>, Ï~ Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º jN f &¦ª~ òöB 70% çb Ò>Ú ¶ç öB Ï~ ÿWf ·j ©b 6>¾ ÆÒ' J" öb Òò>V r^ö F ¾ ³zö & &k j º~ . öC" 7 ö FB j~ Ò;º adsorbed fraction 18.7~12.6 mg/kg, carbonate fraction 68.7~ 29.4 mg/kg, reducible fraction 191.3~241.8 mg/kg, organic fraction 545.3~484.6 mg/kg, residual fraction 1457.2~1466.2 mg/kgb ¾æ¾, *Ò~ ¶~ãö B ÿ &Ë j~ Ò;º Cê öC~ ãÖ adsorbed fraction" carbonate fractionb Cï~ £ 3.8% 87.4 mg/kg~ ÿF > ®j ©b .G>, 9). 11). 12). 13). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003. 15). Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º jNf £ 63.9% ¾æÒ (Table 2). 7 ~ ãÖ ÿ &Ë Ò;º adsorbed fraction " carbonate fraction, organic fractionb Cï~ £ 23.6% 526.6mg/kg~ j "æ~ ~ãb ÿ ©b .ç>, Cï 7 residual fraction Næ~º j Nf £ 65.6% ¾æÒ . *ö ¾æ Ö"¢ Kloke & B Æ·J"V& 300 mg/kg" Rose 36 mg/kg, Bear f Levinson 50 mg/kg " 20 mg/kg~ Æ· 7 j~ ¦ï" jv r v æöB Cïf V&~ ç~ 8j ¾æÚ Cê ö Òf 7 & ÖÒ ®º æ J"B ©b Òò>î b, ¶ê ÿ&ËW ®j ©b .ç>º ³ê ê Cê öÒ º 7 öB J"V&~¢ ç²~º 8 b ¾æ¾ 7 & ¶~ãö Â>îj ãÖ ÿW Ö ©b ÒòB . CêöÒf 7 ¢ jv~ &¦ª~ 7 öB ÿW ¸j ©b .ç>º adsorbed fraction ¸² ¾æÒ . carbonatef organic fraction~ ãÖ 7 . º Cê öÒöB ¸f 8b ¾æÒb, residual fractionf &¦ª~ 7.³ CêöÒöB ¸f 8j & .. 14). 9). 12). 13). 15). >w*ö V Ï ßW Table 3~6f CêöÒf çÿ 7 ¢ Power function Î j " ® . ²æO;(y = a + bx) öB VÞV(b)º >w³êç> 8j ¾æÚ, >w³ê ç>(b)º 7.³~ Ï ßWj ï&~º 7º æ> . ²æO;öB VÞV(b)º >w³êç>B b8 > ϳê& ªj ~ . CêöÒf 7 º H SO f HClj Ï~ pH& ' ' 3.0 5.6 ºÂÏöB 30ª* >wÎ ê öò~ pH ï;j î . ©f ºÂÏ~ N;ê& Ô j pH~ jÏËj ç ©b 'B . Ö" 7 .³~ ³êº pH~ 'Ëj Aæ pf ©b ¾æÒ . Fig. 2~3f Cê öC" 7 öB H SO ¢ pH 3.0b .B Ïj Ï~ ÏÂ>º 7.³ö & Power function modelö 'Ï ¾* . ¾*öB æ> 8j ~Ö~ >w*ö V 7.³ ÏÂïj ÚÚ öC~ ãÖ Cd ³êº 0.1~0.2 mg/kg, Cu ³êº 0.6~0.9 mg/kg, Pb ³êº 71.4~72.0 mg/kg, Ni ³êº 6.7~6.9 mg/kg, Zn ³êº 2.7~23.6 mg/kg~ º* ¾æ Òb, 7 ~ ãÖ Cd ³êº 1.1~1.2 mg/kg, Cu ³ê 3.3. pH,. 2. 4. 2. 4.
(7) ZÁö7ÖæöB öÒÚ 7.³~ Ò; 5 ÏÂßWö & . 51. Table 3. The rate constant (b), coefficients of determination (r2) and regression equation for release of heavy metals in Coal wastes & Tailing (pH 3.0, H2SO4) Element. b. Coal wastes Tailing Cd 0.0020 0.0009 Cu 0.0735 0.0014 Pb 0.0010 0.0036 Ni 0.0047 0.0553 Zn 0.3849 0.0251 b : rate constant of metal release. r2 : coefficient of determination. * : significant at P<0.05. ** : significant at P<0.01.. Regression equation Coal wastes Tailing y = −0.002x − 1.9274 y = 0.0009x + 0.1321 y = −0.0735x − 0.2173 y = −0.0014x + 1.0941 y = −0.001x + 4.2752 y = 0.0036x + 2.2532 y = −0.0047x + 1.9300 y = 0.0553x + 1.2972 y = −0.3849x + 2.6848 y = 0.0251x + 0.1051. r2 Coal wastes 0.0185 0.7233* 0.4167* 0.6939* 0.8951**. Tailing 0.0681 0.1545 0.0318 0.2527 0.083. Table 4. The rate constant (b), coefficients of determination (r2) and regression equation for release of heavy metals in Coal wastes & Tailing (pH 5.6, H2SO4). Element Cd Cu Pb Ni Zn. b Regression equation r2 Coal wastes Tailing Coal wastes Tailing Coal wastes 0.0078 0.0157 y = −0.0078x + 4.2799 y = −0.0157x − 0.0083 0.6112* 0.0153 0.0052 y = 0.0153x + 0.1604 y = −0.0052x + 1.0522 0.6339* 0.0816 0.0007 y = -0.0816x − 1.8713 y = 0.0007x + 1.9178 0.5065 0.0079 0.0012 y = 0.0079x + 1.8354 y = 0.0012x + 1.324 0.4304 0.1011 0.0422 y = 0.1011x + 0.6073 y = 0.0422x + 0.0027 0.3583 b : rate constant of metal release. r2 : coefficient of determination. * : significant at P<0.05. Tailing 0.5324 0.5969 0.007 0.0429 0.5706*. Table 5. The rate constant (b), coefficients of determination (r2) and regression equation for release of heavy metals in Coal wastes & Tailing (pH 3.0, HCl) Element. b. Coal wastes Cd 0.0410 Cu 0.0202 Pb 0.0005 Ni 0.0046 Zn 0.0946 b : rate constant of metal release. r2 : coefficient of determination. * : significant at P<0.05.. Tailing 0.0132 0.0309 0.0020 0.1011 0.0079. Regression equation Coal wastes Tailing y = 0.041x − 2.2633 y = −0.0132x + 0.0275 y = −0.0202x + 0.0565 y = −0.0309x + 1.0376 y = −0.0005x + 4.2481 y = −0.002x + 1.7692 y = 0.0046x + 1.9056 y = 0.1011x + 0.6073 y = −0.0946x + 1.5252 y = 0.0079x + 1.8354. r2 Coal wastes 0.014* 0.4342* 0.0025 0.2793 0.161. Tailing 0.0842 0.4957* 0.0322 0.3563 0.4304. Table 6. The rate constant (b), coefficients of determination (r2) and regression equation for release of heavy metals in Coal wastes & Tailing (pH 5.6, HCl) Element. b. Coal wastes Tailing Cd 0.1127 0.0136 Cu 0.0015 0.0200 Pb 0.0002 0.0041 Ni 0.1000 0.5348 Zn 0.0426 0.0481 b : rate constant of metal release. r2 : coefficient of determination. * : significant at P<0.05.. Regression equation Coal wastes Tailing y = −0.1127x − 2.2669 y = −0.0136x − 0.2219 y = 0.0015x − 0.0229 y = -0.02x + 0.8913 y = 0.0002x + 4.2333 y = 0.0041x + 1.7016 y = 0.1x − 1.1492 y = 0.5348x − 1.5141 y = 0.0426x + 0.521 y = 0.0481x − 0.2048. r2 Coal wastes 0.6002* 0.0159 0.0004 0.1439 0.1605. Tailing 0.3167 0.396 0.0671 0.5757 0.5749. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003.
(8) f>7Á·Ò~ÁÒ'Á*ç^. 52. Fig. 2. Rate curves for the released Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in coal wastes (pH 3.0, H2SO4).. Fig. 3. Rate curves for the released Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in tailing (pH 3.0, H2SO4).. º 2.9~3.0 mg/kg, Pb ³êº 9.0~10.0 mg/kg, Ni ³êº ³êº 0.9~2.0 mg/kg~ º* ¾æ Ò . .V >w 30ªræ ÏÂïf /³® Ã&~, ê >w*ö V ÏÂïf Znj B * 7. ³öB .V³êf jÝ 8b ¾æ¾ * V* ÿn ï;j î . Pbf Niº .Vö ¸f ÏÂ³ê¢ &b, 7 º öCöB Pb, Zn, Ni~ ÏÂï ¸ ² ¾æÒ . Fig. 1~2öB FêB ²æO;" >w³êç>(b) Ò Ö;ê>(r )¢ Table 3ö ¾æÚî . ' 7.³~ > w³êº öCöB 0.0010~0.3849, 7 öBº 0.0009~ 0.0251~ º* ¾æÒb, ' 7.³ *öº N & ®î . 7.³~ >w³êº öCöBº Zn>Cu>Ni >Cd>Pb, 7 öBº Ni>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd~ Bb ÏÂ Ò ¢Ú¾º ©b ¾æÒ . öC~ ãÖ ²æO ;öB VÞV(b)& (−) 8f *(t)ö V ÏÂï 6²~º ©j ~ . Fig. 4f 5º Cê öC" 7 öB H SO ¢ pH 5.6 b .B Ïj Ï~ ÏÂ>º 7.³ö &. Power function modelö 'Ï ¾* . ¾*öB æ> 8j ~Ö~ >w*ö V 7.³ ÏÂï j ÚÚ öC~" 7 öB pH 3.0" FÒ .V >w 30ªræ ÏÂï /³® Ã&~, ê > w*ö V ÏÂïf * 7.³öB .V³êf jÝ 8b ¾æ¾ * V* ÿn ï;j î . Fig. 3" 4öB FêB ²æO;" >w³êç>(b) Ò Ö;ê>(r )¢ Table 4ö ¾æÚî . ' 7.³~ >w³êº öCöB 0.0078~0.1011, 7 öBº 0.0007 ~0.0422~ º* ¾æÒb, ' 7.³*ö N& ®î . 7.³~ >w³êº öCöBº Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni >Cd, 7 öBº Zn>Cd>Cu>Ni>Pb~ Bb ÏÂ Ò ¢Ú¾º ©b ¾æÒ . Fig. 6~7f Cê öC" 7 öB HClj pH 3.0" 5.6b .B Ïj Ï~ ÏÂ>º 7.³ö & Power function modelö 'Ï ¾* . ¾*öB æ> 8j ~Ö~ >w*ö V 7.³ ÏÂï j ÚÚ pH 3.0" 5.6öB öC~ ãÖ Cd ³êº ' 0.1 mg/kg, Cu ³êº ' 0.9~1.1 mg/kg" 1.0 mg/kg,. 3.7~3.9 mg/kg, Zn. 2. 2. 4. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003. 2.
(9) ZÁö7ÖæöB öÒÚ 7.³~ Ò; 5 ÏÂßWö & . 53. Fig. 4. Rate curves for the released Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in coal wastes (pH 5.6, H2SO4).. Fig. 6. Rate curves for the released Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in coal wastes (pH 3.0, HCl).. Fig. 5. Rate curves for the released Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in tailing (pH 5.6, H2SO4).. Fig. 7. Rate curves for the released Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in tailing(pH 3.0, HCl). Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003.
(10) f>7Á·Ò~ÁÒ'Á*ç^. 54. Fig. 8. Rate curves for the released Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in coal wastes(pH 5.6, HCl).. Pb ³êº ' 68.2~72.1 mg/kg" 67.6~70.6 mg/kg, Ni ³êº ' 6.7~7.0 mg/kg" 6.8~7.0 mg/kg, Zn ³êº ' 2.4~7.7 mg/kg" 1.6~3.7 mg/kg~ º* ¾æÒb, 7 ~ ãÖ Cd ³êº ' 0.9~1.1 mg/kg" 0.8~0.9 mg/kg, Cu ³êº ' 2.3~2.9 mg/kg" 2.1~2.6 mg/kg, Pb ³ê º ' 5.7~6.1 mg/kg" 5.2~5.7 mg/kg, Ni ³êº ' 0.2~0.8 mg/kg" 0.1~1.7 mg/kg, Zn ³êº 1.5~2.5 mg/kg " 0.8~1.1 mg/kg~ º* ¾æÒ . .V >w 30ª ræ ÏÂïf /³® Ã&~, ê >w*ö V ÏÂïf H SO ¢ Ï ÏÂ"º Ò * 7. ³öB .V~ Ï ³ê& ¸² ¾æ > 7Vf ö VöBº ϳê& 6²~º ãËj & . Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9öB FêB ²æO;" >w³êç> (b) Ò Ö;ê>(r )¢ Table 5f 6ö ¾æÚî . ' 7.³~ >w³êº pH 3.0~ çöB öCöB 0.0005~0.0946, 7 öB 0.0020~0.1011~ º* ¾æÒ b, pH 5.6öBº öC 0.0002~0.1127, 7 º 0.0041~0.5348b ¾æ¾ 7.³ö V¢ N& ®î. . 7.³~ >w³êº pH 3.0¢ r öCöB Zn>Cd 2. 4. 2. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003. Fig. 9. Rate curves for the released Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in tailing (pH 5.6, HCl).. 7 öBº Ni>Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb~ Bb ÏÂ Ò ¢Ú¾º ©b ¾æÒ, pH 5.6¢ r ö CöB Cd>Ni>Zn>Cu>Pb, 7 öB Ni>Zn>Cu>Cd> Pb~ Bb ÏÂ Ò ¢Ú¾º ©b ¾æÒ . >Cu>Ni>Pb,. 4.. Ö . º 7ÖöVbö & z' ßW 5 7.³ ~ Ò;¢ Ò~, ö V 7.³~ ÿ &Ë Wj «~&b, 7öÒö & pHf >w*ö V Ï þj Û 7.³~ ÏÂßWj 2k~V * > ¯>î . 1. ò~ z' ßWöBº 7 º Cêö Ò& ; ÖWj ¾æî . 2. Cê öC 5 7 ~ 7.³ ïf *æöB Æ · 5 æ'~ ïFïj ."~ 7.³b J"> Ú ®b, ß® Cu& v òöB &Ë ¸f ³ê¢ & ..
(11) ZÁö7ÖæöB öÒÚ 7.³~ Ò; 5 ÏÂßWö & 3. Òæ Ú ò~ Ò;º Ï~ ãÖ ®ÏW ;& "¢ îb¾, Ú¾ Òº ÿW adsorbed fraction" carbonate fraction~ jN 10% Ú ;Ö¾ :²ö ~B £² ~¾ "æ Æ·b ÿF > ®j ©b 6>î . 4. Cê öCö Ò~º 7.³~ Ò;¢ ÚÚ Ö" ¶çöB ÏÂ Ï Ò;º adsorbed, carbonate fractionb ¾æÒ, 7 ~ ãÖ FVb~ ¦ ;ê& oligohumic ç 6b Ú adsorbed, carbonate 5 organic fraction ÿ &ËW ®º ¦ ªb 66 V¢B CêöC º 7 öB ÿ &Ë ¦ªjN ¸² ¾æ¾ 7 ö ~ Æ· 5 ~ ÂJ" ©b ÒòB . 5. Cê öC" 7 öB H SO ¢ pH 3.0b .B ÏöB 7.³~ >w³êº öCöB Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd >Pb, 7 º Ni>Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd~ Bb ÏÂ Ò ¢Ú¾º ©b ¾æÒb, pH 5.6öB 7.³~ >w ³êº öCöBº Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd, 7 öBº Zn >Cd>Cu>Ni>Pb~ Bb ÏÂ Ò ¢Ú¾º ©b ¾æÒ . 6. HClj pH 3.0" 5.6b .B ÏöB~ 7.³ ~ >w³êº pH 3.0¢ r öCöB Zn>Cd>Cu>Ni> Pb, 7 öBº Ni>Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb~ Bb ÏÂ Ò ¢Ú¾º ©b ¾æÒ, pH 5.6¢ r öCöB Cd >Ni>Zn>Cu>Pb, 7 öB Ni>Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb~ Bb ÏÂ Ò ¢Ú¾º ©b ¾æÒ . 7. pHf >w*ö V Ï þÖ" pHº 7.³ ~ ³êöº 'Ëj ~æ pº ©b ¾æÒ . º ÏÂ~ N;êö ~ 'Ëb ÒòB . 8. ' 7.³~ >w³êç>¢ jv Ö" CêöC ² ¸f Ö"¢ ¾æîb, ' 7.³ö V¢ Ï ³êöB N¢ ¾æî . V¢B 7ÖöVbö Ò ~º 7.³ f öVb «~, 7.³~ «~ 5 þO» ö V¢ Ï ßW 'V ² ¾æÆ ©b 6> , ¶ ~ãö V¢Bê Ï ;ê& ¢ ©b ÒòB . 2. 4. 55. ^^ò 1. Forstner, U. and Salomon, W. Mobilization of metals from sediments, Metals and Their compound in environment (ed. by E, Merian), pp. 379-398 (1991). 2. Park, Y.A. “Designing and applicability of soil pollution indices for estimating quality of soil polluted with heavy metals and arsenic”, J. of KOSES 1(1): 47-54 (1996). 3. Kim, O. J. Geological map of Korea (1:50,000), Geological survey of Korea, (1974). 4. Park, Y.A. “Distribution and transportation of fine-grained sediments on the intercontinental shelf off the Kuem river estuary”, Korea, J. of Geo. Soc. of Korea 20(2), 154-168 (1984). 5. Shepard, F. P. “Nomenclature Based on sand-silt-clay ratios”, J. Sed. Pet. 24, 151-158 (1954). 6. Hakanson, L. and Jansson, M. Principles of lake sedimentology. Springer -Verlag, Berlin, 316, (1983). 7. Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C. and Bisson, M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Analytical chemistry, 51(7), 844-851 (1979). 8. Salomons, E.L. Mobilization of metals from sediments, Metals and Their compound in environment (ed. by E, Marin), 357, (1994). 9. Ministry of environment. Korea environmental information, (1999). 10. Bowen, H.J.M. Environmental chemistry of the elements, Academic press, London, (1979). 11. Istvan, P. and Jones Jr. Trace elements, CRC., Lucie Press, (1997). 12. Rose, A.W., Hawkes, H.E. and Webb, J.S. Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration : Academic Press, pp. 549-581 (1979). 13. Bear, F.E. Chemistry of the soil, (2nd ed); Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, p. 246 (1964). 14. Kloke, A. Content of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, fluorine, lead, mercury, nickel in plants grown on contaminated soil: UN-ECE Symp, (1979). 15. Levinsion, A.A. Introduction to exploration geochemistry: Applied Publishing Ltd., May Wood, p. 614 (1974).. Journal of KoSSGE Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 45~55, 2003.
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