9 789287 037893 ISBN 978-92-870-3789-3
World Trade OrganizationCentre William Rappard Rue de Lausanne 154 CH-1211 Geneva 21 Switzerland
Tel. switchboard: +41 (0)22 739 51 11 Fax: +41 (0)22 731 42 06
email: [email protected] Website: www.wto.org
International Trade Statistics 2011 offers a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in world trade, covering the details of merchandise trade by product and trade in commercial services by category.
Each chapter is introduced by a key developments section that identifies the most salient trends in the data and illustrates them with numerous charts and maps. There is also a methodological chapter that explains essential concepts and definitions used in compiling the statistics, and an appendix with detailed data on trade by region.
International Trade Statistics 2011 serves as an invaluable reference for researchers, policy makers and anyone interested in international trade.
International Trade Statistics 201 1
International Trade Statistics
W o r l d ex p o rts 20 1 0
TOTAL COmmerCiAL
ServiCeS
3,695
US$ billion
Transport
785
US$ billion
Travel
US$ billion
940
Other commercial
services
1,970
US$ billion
TOTAL
merCHANDiSe
14,851
US$ billion
AgrIculTure
1,362
US$ billion
Food
1,119
US$ billion
FuelS & MInIng ProducTS
3,026
US$ billion
MAnuFAcTureS
9,962
US$ billion
Chemicals
1,705
US$ billion
Other semi- manufactures
941
US$ billion
Machinery and transport equipment
5,082
US$ billion
Clothing
351
US$ billion
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
1. Acknowledgements 2
2. A message from the Director-General 3
3. Understanding International Trade Statistics 4
4. WTO members and observers 6
Composition of geographical regions 7
5. Economies by size of merchandise trade 2010 8
Economies by size of trade in commercial services 2010 9
6. Abbreviations & symbols 10
I. World trade developments
Key developments in 2010: a snapshot 12
Trade data:
List of tables 18
1. Overview 19
2. Trade by region 20
3. Leading traders 24
4. Bilateral trade of leading traders 28
5. Regional trade agreements 36
6. Least-developed countries 40
7. Foreign affiliates trade in services 44
II. Merchandise trade
Key developments in 2010: a snapshot 48
Trade data:
List of tables 57
1. Overview 59
2. Agricultural products 64
3. Fuels and mining products 75
4. Manufactures 80
III. Trade in commercial services
Key developments in 2010: a snapshot 134
Trade data:
List of tables 142
1. Overview 144
2. Transportation services 146
3. Travel 151
4. Other commercial services 156
Composition, definitions & methodology
1. Composition of geographical and economic groupings 184
2. Definitions and methodology 188
3. Specific notes for selected economies 195
4. Statistical sources 198
Appendix: Historical trends 199
11
47
133
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTSII MERCHANDISE TRADE III TRADE IN COMMERCIAL SERVICES
This publication has been prepared under the direction of Hubert Escaith, Chief Statistician and Andreas Maurer, Chief, International Trade Statistics Section. The coordination and supervision of table, chart and map production of the report was carried out by Ninez Piezas-Jerbi, with the assistance of Luz Alejandra Barajas-Barbosa and Sara Nuñez Evora. Statistical research, data compilation and the preparation of estimates were conducted by Barbara d’Andrea-Adrian, Christophe Degain, Florian Eberth, Antonella Liberatore, Joscelyn Magdeleine, Yann Marcus, Ninez Piezas-Jerbi, Bekele Tamenu, and Ying Yan.
Acknowledgements are due to the multilateral, national and private institutions for providing their statistics. The detailed statistical sources used in this report are presented in Chapter IV.
The International Trade Statistics Section also wishes to thank colleagues from the Information and External Relations Division (IERD) and the Languages
Documentation and Information Management Division (LDIMD) whose collaboration is vital in the production of this report. In particular, recognition is due to Anthony Martin, Serge Marin-Pache, Steve Cooper, and to the French and Spanish translators for rendering the report in the WTO’s other official languages.
Finally, we wish to thank the community of “International Trade Statistics”
users for their suggestions and comments on previous editions. Their regular feed-back allows us to better provide them with relevant statistical data.
This publication is also available online at www.wto.org/statistics
For more information on the contents of this report, comments or suggestions for improvement may be sent by email to the International Trade Statistics Section ([email protected]).
Acknowledgements
INTRODUCTION
incurred during the crisis. In commercial services Asia recorded a stunning 22 per cent growth in exports in 2010, compared with 3 per cent for Europe.
Trade flows continue to be concentrated within regions rather than between regions. For example, 71 per cent of Europe’s exports remain within Europe.
Asia’s intra-regional exports account for nearly 53 per cent of its world exports while almost half of North America’s exports are received by members of the North American Free Trade Association.
Much of this intra-regional trade consists of trade in intermediate goods exchanged between regional partners within global production networks.
Finally, a word on trade statistics. Trade analysis depends on high-quality data.
The WTO therefore aims at constantly improving existing tools and methods to accurately reflect movements in international trade. In this respect, the WTO joined forces with Eurostat, OECD and the United Nations to develop a 2020 Vision for an integrated statistical trade data system, bringing together data on trade, finance and employment.
Furthermore, in early spring 2011, we launched the “Made in the World”
Initiative which aims at supporting the exchange of projects, experiences and practical approaches in measuring and analysing trade in value added.
Creating such improved statistical and analytical frameworks will be a further step towards giving decision-makers the information they need to tackle the challenges of the 21st century.
As we enter the final quarter of 2011, the world finds itself again in a situation of financial turmoil. The positive signs of growth in the first part of the year have been clouded by the sovereign debt crisis and ensuing currency turbulence which have brought us to the edge of a new crisis. Trade growth has also slowed down in the closing months of 2011.
During these times, it is all the more important to avoid protectionist responses to domestic difficulties and to do all we can to keep trade open and flowing as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.
Back in September 2008, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, world merchandise trade started to plunge and continued to do so during the first quarter of 2009. However, the second quarter of 2009 already saw the trend reversed. In 2010, world merchandise grew again by 22 per cent. Trade in services reacted in a similar way, but with a certain time lag, and with less volatility. In 2010, exports of commercial services rose by 9 per cent, driven by strong growth of Asia’s trade in services, for both exports and imports.
In fact, Asia’s growth figures were twice as high as the world average.
Merchandise trade of least-developed countries also came to an abrupt halt in 2009, declining by 24 per cent.
As commodity prices started to rise in 2010, LDCs’ merchandise exports recovered quickly, expanding by 30 per cent while imports rose by 13 per cent.
Merchandise trade deficits, which had decreased for many countries in 2009, increased again in 2010. For example, the US deficit in relation to GDP fell from 6.1 per cent to 3.9 per cent in 2009 but rose again to 4.7 per cent in 2010. Germany’s trade balance fluctuated in a similar way. China’s trade surplus fell from 6.6 per cent in 2008, to 3.9 per cent in 2009, and contrary to expectations, dropped to 3.1 per cent in 2010, mostly due to a much greater increase in its imports compared with exports, in contrast to the other two leading traders.
In 2010, Asia’s trade performance was remarkable, contributing significantly to the global recovery. Asian exports of manufactured goods grew by 30 per cent – more than offsetting the loss
A message from the Director- General
Pascal Lamy
“Trade analysis depends on high-quality data. The WTO therefore aims at constantly improving existing tools and methods to accurately reflect movements in international trade.”
Pascal Lamy
Director-General
Understanding International Trade Statistics
Hubert Escaith, WTO Chief
Statistician
The WTO
Secretariat and its predecessor – the General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT)
Secretariat – have been providing trade statistics since 1948. These data have been
regularly published in annual reports, which have
changed in design and coverage
over the years to keep up with the changing needs of users of the reports.
We asked Hubert Escaith, WTO Chief Statistician, to tell us about how
International Trade Statistics came about and how it has changed over the years.
When did the WTO first start to compile international trade statistics?
The WTO, originally known as the GATT, started compiling international trade statistics as early as 1948, when the GATT was founded. The organization’s first annual report – published in September 1949 – was entitled “The Attack on Trade Barriers” and acted as a first progress report on the operations of the GATT. Subsequent editions were entitled “Liberating World Trade” (June 1950), and “GATT in Action” (February 1952). These reports contained statistical tables on merchandise trade, with pre-GATT data (from 1938) sourced from the League of Nations and later from the United Nations. These early reports provide
an important source of information on the changing nature of world trade.
It’s interesting to note, for example, that the leading exporter in 1948 was the United States while the leading importer was the United Kingdom.
When did the first international trade statistics report come out?
The first GATT international trade statistics report was published in June 1953. It described trends and prospects for international merchandise trade and production by commodity, with data broken down by industrial and non-industrial countries and with specific data for the Eastern Trading Area, a major trading bloc of that time consisting of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union, China, Mongolia, North Korea and Viet Nam.
The report also contained a section on data sources and methodology.
In October 1958, a special edition of the report was prepared by a panel of experts for the Thirteenth Session of the Contracting Parties to the GATT.
Examining past, present and future trends in international trade, this issue became a key reference point for future editions, establishing a format that was to be followed for many years to come.
How has the publication changed over the years?
Starting in 1988, the International Trade Report was published in two volumes, with one volume devoted to an analysis of developments in a particular area of world trade, such as agriculture (1988) and services (1989), while the second volume provided statistical tables and charts. Following the creation of the WTO in 1995, the special topics of the first volume included “trade and foreign direct investment” (1996) and
“trade and competition policy” (1997).
In 1998, the publication became one volume and was renamed “International Trade Statistics”. In 2007, the report was extended to cover more detailed international trade in services data.
What is included in this year’s report?
This year’s publication includes
data from 2000 to 2010, showing
trends over the past decade.
INTRODUCTION
“Our aim has been to
produce a short, informative document easily read by anyone who is interested, either professionally or otherwise, in international trade. It has been thought that [such] a synopsis would be of interest to the general reader as a background to a description of the work of the CONTRACTING PARTIES.”
Eric Wyndham White, First Executive Secretary of the GATT.
Extract from the First GATT international trade statistics report published in 1953.
For comparison purposes, the benchmark year is 2005, with growth rates indicated for the 2005-2010 period.
Why the change in design for this year’s publication?
The WTO is committed to providing data that is packaged in the most useful way possible.
A particular challenge for statisticians has always been to make the numbers do the talking, for both experts and the general public. In this age of abundant and often conflicting information, the challenge no longer lies in producing data but rather in disseminating the information as effectively as possible and in enabling the user to build an informed opinion about the underlying trends and patterns. It is imperative for decision-makers, whether they be policy-makers, academics or business people, to have the information they need to make informed decisions.
A particular aim of this year’s report has been to illustrate statistical trends and patterns in a much more comprehensible way through the use of charts and maps and to explain to our readers where all the data comes from.
Through the use of illustrations and cross-referencing to more detailed data and technical notes, we hope to enhance the usefulness of the report and the significance of the data it contains.
How is the publication structured?
The publication consists of four main parts.
Chapter I focuses on world trade developments. Chapter II covers developments in merchandise trade, with data broken down by commodity.
Chapter III covers trade in commercial
services. Each of these chapters begins
with illustrations of the main trends
and some key facts and figures with
links to the more detailed tables that
follow. Chapter IV provides definitions
of the regions and the classifications
used in the publication as well as full
details of the sources for the data.
WTO members Others WTO observers
WTO members and observers
Albania Angola
Antigua and Barbuda Argentina
Armenia Australia Austria
Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
Botswana Brazil
Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria
Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon
Canada Cape Verde
Central African Republic Chad
Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica
Dominican Republic Ecuador
Egypt El Salvador
Estonia European Union (formerly European Communities) Fiji
Finland Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)
France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China
Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya
Korea, Republic of Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic Latvia
Lesotho Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia
Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama
Papua New Guinea
WTO members (as of 15 August 2011)*
*Members are mostly governments but can also be customs territories.
INTRODUCTION
North America South/Central America Europe
Commonwealth of Independent States Africa Middle East Asia
Composition of geographical regions
Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Rwanda
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent &
the Grenadines Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Senegal
Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname
Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia
Turkey Uganda Ukraine
United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States of America Uruguay
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Viet Nam Zambia Zimbabwe
Afghanistan Algeria Andorra Azerbaijan Bahamas Belarus Bhutan Bosnia and Herzegovina Comoros Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia
Holy See (Vatican) Iran
Iraq Kazakhstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic Lebanese Republic Liberia, Republic of Libya
Montenegro Russian Federation
Samoa
Sao Tomé and Principe Serbia
Seychelles Sudan
Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan
Uzbekistan Vanuatu Yemen
WTO observers
Economies by size of merchandise trade 2010
250-500 500-1000
0-250 >1000
Where to find more:
Table A6 and Table A7
No African country exceeded
US$ 250 billion
of merchandise trade in 2010 The top three
traders – the United States, Germany and China – represent 28% of world
merchandise trade
Asia accounts for almost 30% of world merchandise trade
28% 30%
US$ billion
INTRODUCTION
Economies by size of trade in commercial services 2010
50-100 100-250 >250 25-50
0-25
Where to find more:
Table A8 and Table A9
Only 2 countries in Africa exceeded
US$ 25 billion of
commercial services trade in 2010.
The United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, China and Japan represent a third of world trade in commercial services
Europe accounts for 45% of total trade in commercial services
45% 2
US$ billion
ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations BOP Balance of Payments
BPM5 Balance of Payments Manual, fifth edition CACM Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market
CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EFTA European Free Trade Association
EU European Union
EUROSTAT Statistical Office of the European Communities FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations
FATS Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services FDI Foreign Direct Investment GCC Gulf Co-operation Council GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product
GTIS Global Trade Information Services Inc.
HS Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System
IEA International Energy Agency IMF International Monetary Fund
ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification LDCs Least-developed countries
MERCOSUR Southern Common Market
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
SADC South African Development Community SAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade Arrangement SITC Standard International Trade Classification UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development
Organization
UNSD United Nations Statistics Division
WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union c.i.f. cost, insurance and freight
f.o.b. free on board
n.e.s. not elsewhere specified n.i.e. not included elsewhere
The following symbols are used in this publication:
... not available or growth rates exceeding 500%
0 figure is zero or became zero due to rounding
- not applicable
$ United States dollars Q1, Q2 1st quarter, 2nd quarter
I break in comparability of data series. Data after the symbol do not form a consistent series with those from earlier years.
Billion means one thousand million.
Minor discrepancies between constituent figures and totals are due to rounding.
Unless otherwise indicated, (i) all value figures are expressed in U.S. dollars; (ii) trade figures include the intra-trade of free trade areas, customs unions, geographical and other groups; (iii) merchandise trade figures are on a customs basis and (iv) merchandise exports are f.o.b. and merchandise imports are c.i.f. Data for the latest year are provisional.
Closing date 15 August 2011
Abbreviations and symbols
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
In 2010, world merchandise
exports increased by 22 per cent while exports of commercial
services grew by 9 per cent.
I. World trade developments
Key developments in 2010: a snapshot Trade data
List of tables 18
1. Overview 19
2. Trade by region 20
3. Leading traders 24
4. Bilateral trade of leading traders 28
5. Regional Trade Agreements 36
6. Least-developed countries 40
7. Foreign affiliates trade in services 44
12 18
Where to find more online:
you can access and download the Excel files for the tables via www.wto.org/statistics
World merchandise exports by region and destination 2010 (US$ billion)
Most trade flows take place within regions rather than between regions
EUR
EUR (intra)
3,998
ASI (intra)
2,464
NAX (intra)
957
ASI
NAX
ASI
524 ASI
413
EUR
330
NAX
416
CIS
180
MEA
168 MEA
53
AFR 33 CIS 11CSC
98
CSC
165
AFR
177
of EU merchandise exports went to EU countries in 2010
of African
merchandise exports went to African
countries in 2010
Where to find more:
Table I.4 and Table A10
65% 12%
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
• Trade within North America, Europe and Asia is much higher than trade within Africa, the Middle East, the Commonwealth of Independent States or South and Central America.
• Europe has the highest level of intra- regional trade, with 71 per cent of its exports bound for the European region while 53 per cent of Asian trade is directed to Asian countries.
Nearly 50 per cent of North America’s exports are to members of the North American Free Trade Association.
• In contrast, Africa’s main export market is the European Union, followed by Asia and North America.
The CIS’s main market is Europe while the Middle East’s main market is Asia.
of total world exports went to Europe and Asia
ASI (intra)
2,464
EUR
808
CSC
148
AFR
128
CIS
85
NAX
801
CSC (intra) 148
NAX 138
ASI 134
EUR 108
AFR (intra) 63 NAX
85 MEA
CIS
CSC
AFR EUR
308
MEA (intra) 89 EUR
108
NAX 79
AFR
C
C A
M
C
MEA 19
ASI 471
ASI 123 CIS (intra)
109 ASI
88
NAX 33
MEA 19
A
EUR 184
MEA
198
AFR
AfricaASI
AsiaCIS
Commonwealth of Independent StatesCSC
Central & South America & the CaribbeanEUR
EuropeMEA
Middle EastNAX
North America All figures are in US$ billionEurope has the highest level of intra-regional
merchandise trade
• In 2010, world merchandise exports increased by 14 per cent in volume terms.
World GDP expanded by 3.5 per cent.
• Over the past decade, world merchandise trade has grown by 4.3 per cent while GDP has risen by 2.5 per cent.
• Merchandise trade was more volatile than GDP in 2009 and 2010 as products are traded several times across borders before the final product is exported.
World merchandise exports bounced back strongly in 2010
Merchandise trade was more volatile than GDP in 2009 and 2010
World merchandise exports growth in volume terms in 2010
14%
Volume of world merchandise exports and gross domestic product 2000-2010
World merchandise exports grew 4 times faster than GDP in 2010
Where to find more:
Table I.1 and Table A1
GDP Volume of total exports
2000-10 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 12
9
6
3
0
-3
-6
-9
-12
-15 15
Percentage change
4x
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
• In 2010, world exports of commercial services grew by 9 per cent, reaching US$ 3,695 billion. Despite this global rebound, exports remained below the level achieved before the financial and economic crisis.
• The recovery has not been even across regions. The most rapid growth has been in Asia, where exports rose by 22 per cent in 2010, led by India and China. Since 2005, Asia’s exports of commercial services have expanded on average by 13 per cent annually.
• In 2010, EU exports grew by only 3 per cent. In recent years, Europe’s share of world exports of commercial services has fallen significantly.
• Exports of commercial services from Central and South America and the Caribbean as well as from the Commonwealth of Independent States grew by 12 per cent in 2010. North America’s exports increased by 9 per cent.
Africa’s exports grew by 10 per cent, slightly above the world average, while Middle East exports rose by 3 per cent.
World exports of commercial services resume upward trend
The most rapid growth has been in Asia
Asia’s commercial services exports growth in 2010
22%
World exports of commercial services increase in 2010
9%
World exports of commercial services 2000-2010
World exports of commercial services by region 2009-2010
Where to find more:
Tables III.1, III.2 and Table A8 Asia
Middle East
CSC CIS Africa Europe
North America 20
15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20
25 2009
2010 4500
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
US$ billion
Percentage change
• The United States remains the world’s biggest trader in merchandise, with imports and exports totalling US$ 3,247 billion in 2010. Its trade deficit amounted to US$ 691 billion.
• China and Germany rank second and third respectively in merchandise trade.
Their trade surpluses were US$ 183 billion and US$ 202 billion respectively in 2010.
• Japan’s trade surplus was US$ 76 billion in 2010. With imports and exports totalling US$ 1,464 billion, it is the fourth-largest trader in the world.
• Intra-EU trade remains dominant among intra-regional trade, increasing by 10 per cent in 2010.
The United States is the leading player in merchandise trade
Breakdown of merchandise exports of selected Regional Trade Agreements 2010
The United States, China and Germany accounted for
nearly one-third of world merchandise trade in 2010
The United States was the world’s biggest trader in 2010
Merchandise exports
US$ 1,278 bn
Merchandise imports
US$ 1,969 bn NAFTA European Union ASEAN MERCOSUR Community Andean
Extra-regional trade Intra-regional trade
51% 49% 65% 35% 25% 75% 84% 92%
16% 8%
Leading players in merchandise trade 2010
Imports (US$ billion)
Exports (US$ billion)
1980 1480
980 480
-20 -100
300 700 1100 1500 1900 2300
Netherlands France Japan Germany China United States
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
• EU trade with non-EU (Extra-EU) countries accounts for the largest share of commercial services trade in the world. Totalling US$ 1,275 billion in 2010, its share has decreased, however, over the years, from 26.1 per cent in 2005 to 23.2 per cent in 2010.
• In 2010, the United States ranked second in services trade with a total of US$ 876 billion and a global share of 15.9 per cent, compared with 17.6 per cent in 2005.
• Emerging economies are playing an increasing role in commercial services trade. In 2010, China’s trade totalled US$ 362 billion, accounting for a global share of 6.6 per cent, up from 4.4 per cent in 2005. China’s exports of commercial services expanded by 32 per cent in 2010. Nevertheless, China is a net importer of services.
• In 2010, India’s share of trade in commercial services reached 4.3 per cent, compared with 2.8 per cent five years earlier. India’s exports grew by 33 per cent in 2010, making it the country with the most dynamic growth.
EU and US dominate
commercial services trade
Emerging economies’ growing
participation in 2010 services exports
India China Rest of the World
20 15 10 5 0 25 30 35
Where to find more:
Table I.11 and Table I.10
Extra-EU 24.4%
US 18.5%
China 6.1%
Japan 4.9%
India 4.4%
In 2010, shares in world exports of commercial
services (excluding intra-EU) were:
Percentage change
Leading players in services trade 2010
Imports (US$ billion)
Exports (US$ billion)
0 0 200 400 600
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
India Japan China United States Extra-EU
33%
32%
India
China
Annual export
growth rate in 2010
List of tables
I. World trade developments
1. Overview
Table I.1 Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2005-2010 19 Table I.2 Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2005-2010 19
2. Trade by region
Table I.3 World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region and selected economy, 2005-2010 20
Table I.4 Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2010 21
Table I.5 Shares of regional trade flows in world merchandise exports, 2010 21 Table I.6 World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973,
1983, 1993, 2003 and 2010 22
Table I.7 World merchandise imports by region and selected economy,
1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2010 23
3. Leading traders
Table I.8 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2010 24 Table I.9 Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2010 25 Table I.10 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2010 26 Table I.11 Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services
(excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2010 27
4. Bilateral trade of leading traders
Table I.12 Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2010 28
Table I.13 Merchandise trade of the United States by origin and destination, 2010 29 Table I.14 Merchandise trade of the European Union (27) by origin and destination, 2010 30
Table I.15 Merchandise trade of Japan by origin and destination, 2010 31
Table I.16 Trade in commercial services of selected economies by origin and destination, 2009 32
5. Regional trade agreements
Table I.17 Merchandise trade of NAFTA countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2010 36 Table I.18 Merchandise trade of MERCOSUR countries by major product group and
by origin/destination, 2010 37
Table I.19 Merchandise trade of Andean Community countries by major product group and
by origin/destination, 2010 38
Table I.20 Merchandise trade of ASEAN countries by major product group and by origin/destination, 2010 39
6. Least-developed countries
Table I.21 Ratio of exports of goods and commercial services to GDP of the least-developed countries, 2009 40 Table I.22 Merchandise exports and imports of least-developed countries, 2010 41 Table I.23 Imports of agricultural products, fuels and manufactures of the European Union (27),
Asia and North America from the least-developed countries, 2010 42
Table I.24 Exports of commercial services of the least-developed countries by category, 2009 43
7. Foreign affiliates trade in services
Table I.25 Sales by affiliates of foreign companies - resident affiliates primarily engaged in services activities
(inward FATS), 2005-2008 44
Table I.26 Sales by foreign affiliates of resident companies - affiliates located abroad primarily engaged
in services activities (outward FATS), 2005-2008 45
Table I.27 Services supplied by United States affiliates established abroad (outward FATS) and by foreign
affiliates in the United States (inward FATS) by economy of affiliate, 2008 46
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
1. Overview
Table I.1
(Annual percentage change)
2005-10 2008 2009 2010
World merchandise exports 3.5 2.5 -12.0 14.0
Agricultural products 3.5 2.5 -2.5 7.5
Fuels and mining products 1.5 1.0 -5.5 5.5
Manufactures 4.0 2.5 -15.0 18.0
World merchandise production 2.0 1.0 -2.5 4.0
Agriculture 2.0 3.5 0.5 0.0
Mining 0.5 1.5 -1.5 2.0
Manufacturing 2.5 0.0 -4.0 5.5
World GDP 2.0 1.5 -2.5 3.5
Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production, 2005-2010
Note : See the Metadata for the estimation of world aggregates of merchandise exports, production and GDP.
Table I.2
(Annual percentage change)
2005-10 2009 2010 2005-10 2009 2010
3.5 -12.0 14.0 World 3.0 -13.0 13.5
2.5 -15.0 15.0 North America 0.5 -17.0 15.5
-3.0 -17.5 9.0 Canada 1.5 -16.0 14.5
3.5 -14.5 21.5 Mexico 3.0 -20.0 23.5
4.0 -14.0 15.5 United States -0.5 -16.5 15.0
1.0 -8.0 5.5 South and Central America 9.5 -16.5 23.5
1.5 -14.0 11.0 Europe 1.0 -14.0 9.5
1.5 -14.5 11.5 European Union (27) 1.0 -14.0 9.5
-1.5 -3.0 -3.0 Norway 3.5 -13.5 9.0
2.0 -15.5 9.0 Switzerland 2.5 -10.5 9.5
3.0 -5.0 6.0 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 7.5 -28.0 18.5
8.0 -11.0 23.0 Asia 6.0 -7.0 17.5
3.5 -4.5 12.5 Australia 5.5 -11.0 10.0
13.0 -10.5 28.5 China 11.5 3.0 22.0
-7.5 -1.0 -16.5 Hong Kong, China 5.0 -5.5 17.5
11.5 -6.0 22.0 India 13.5 3.5 13.0
3.5 -25.0 27.5 Japan 0.0 -12.0 10.0
7.0 -7.5 20.0 Six East Asian traders a 4.0 -13.0 19.5
Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade by selected region and economy, 2005-2010
a Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Republic of Korea; Singapore; Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Taipei, Chinese) and Thailand.
Imports Exports
Exports Imports
2005-10 2009 2010 2005-10 2009 2010
Merchandise
8 -23 22 World 7 -23 21
6 -21 23 North America 3 -25 23
7 -18 21 United States 3 -26 23
1 -31 23 Canada 5 -21 22
10 -24 26 South and Central America 14 -26 30
11 -23 32 Brazil 20 -27 43
11 -18 32 Chile 12 -31 38
5 -22 12 Europe 5 -25 13
5 -22 12 European Union (27) 5 -25 13
8 -14 13 Switzerland 7 -15 13
11 -36 31 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 14 -33 24
10 -36 32 Russian Federation 15 -34 30
9 -41 29 Ukraine 11 -47 34
10 -30 30 Africa 13 -15 15
10 -24 33 South Africa 9 -27 29
10 -35 49 Nigeria a 16 -32 30
11 -31 27 Middle East 11 -15 10
7 -39 30 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 10 -17 2
13 -23 19 United Arab Emirates a 14 -15 7
11 -18 31 Asia 11 -20 32
16 -16 31 China 16 -11 39
5 -26 33 Japan 6 -28 26
Commercial services
8 -12 9 World 8 -11 9
7 -8 9 North America 6 -9 8
8 -7 9 United States 6 -8 7
4 -12 15 Canada 7 -11 15
10 -8 12 South and Central America 14 -8 23
15 -9 15 Brazil 22 -1 36
15 -9 18 Argentina 13 -10 15
6 -14 3 Europe 6 -13 2
6 -15 3 European Union (27) 6 -13 2
10 -5 8 Switzerland 8 7 -3
14 -17 12 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 13 -19 16
12 -19 7 Russian Federation 13 -20 19
13 -23 24 Ukraine 11 -30 6
9 -9 10 Africa 14 -11 10
10 -14 11 Egypt 6 -22 2
4 -6 17 South Africa 9 -13 25
8 -3 3 Middle East 14 -8 9
-2 3 10 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 21 -5 8
21 6 16 United Arab Emirates 17 -14 11
13 -11 22 Asia 11 -10 20
18 -12 32 China 18 0 22
6 -14 10 Japan 5 -12 6
a Secretariat estimates.
World merchandise trade and trade in commercial services by region and selected economy, 2005-2010
Table I.3(Annual percentage change)
2. Trade by region
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
Table I.4
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Origin North
America
South and Central
America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia World Value
World 2508 587 5844 399 453 561 4216 14851
North America 956 165 330 11 32 53 413 1965
South and Central America 138 148 108 8 15 15 134 577
Europe 416 98 3998 180 177 168 524 5632
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 33 6 308 109 9 19 88 588
Africa 85 14 184 2 62 19 123 508
Middle East 79 7 108 5 29 89 471 895
Asia 801 148 808 85 128 198 2464 4686
Share of regional trade flows in each region's total merchandise exports
World 16.9 4.0 39.4 2.7 3.0 3.8 28.4 100.0
North America 48.7 8.4 16.8 0.6 1.7 2.7 21.0 100.0
South and Central America 23.9 25.6 18.7 1.3 2.6 2.6 23.2 100.0
Europe 7.4 1.7 71.0 3.2 3.1 3.0 9.3 100.0
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 5.6 1.1 52.4 18.6 1.5 3.3 14.9 100.0
Africa 16.8 2.7 36.2 0.4 12.3 3.7 24.1 100.0
Middle East 8.8 0.8 12.1 0.5 3.2 10.0 52.6 100.0
Asia 17.1 3.2 17.2 1.8 2.7 4.2 52.6 100.0
Share of regional trade flows in world merchandise exports
World 16.9 4.0 39.4 2.7 3.0 3.8 28.4 100.0
North America 6.4 1.1 2.2 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.8 13.2
South and Central America 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 3.9
Europe 2.8 0.7 26.9 1.2 1.2 1.1 3.5 37.9
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 0.2 0.0 2.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.6 4.0
Africa 0.6 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.8 3.4
Middle East 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.6 3.2 6.0
Asia 5.4 1.0 5.4 0.6 0.9 1.3 16.6 31.6
Intra- and inter-regional merchandise trade, 2010
Destination
Table I.5
(Percentage)
Destination World North America
South and Central
America Europe CIS Africa Middle East Asia Origin
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
North America 16.9 48.7 23.9 7.4 5.6 16.8 8.8 17.1
South and Central America 4.0 8.4 25.6 1.7 1.1 2.7 0.8 3.2
Europe 39.4 16.8 18.7 71.0 52.4 36.2 12.1 17.2
CIS 2.7 0.6 1.3 3.2 18.6 0.4 0.5 1.8
Africa 3.0 1.7 2.6 3.1 1.5 12.3 3.2 2.7
Middle East 3.8 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.7 10.0 4.2
Asia 28.4 21.0 23.2 9.3 14.9 24.1 52.6 52.6
Shares of regional trade flows in world merchandise exports, 2010
Share
Table I.6
1948 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2010
Value
World 59 84 157 579 1838 3676 7377 14851
Share
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
North America 28.1 24.8 19.9 17.3 16.8 18.0 15.8 13.2
United States 21.7 18.8 14.9 12.3 11.2 12.6 9.8 8.6
Canada 5.5 5.2 4.3 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.7 2.6
Mexico 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.4 2.2 2.0
South and Central America 11.3 9.7 6.4 4.3 4.4 3.0 3.0 3.9
Brazil 2.0 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.4
Argentina 2.8 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5
Europe 35.1 39.4 47.8 50.9 43.5 45.4 45.9 37.9
Germany a 1.4 5.3 9.3 11.7 9.2 10.3 10.2 8.5
France 3.4 4.8 5.2 6.3 5.2 6.0 5.3 3.5
Italy 1.8 1.8 3.2 3.8 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.0
United Kingdom 11.3 9.0 7.8 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.1 2.7
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b - - - - - 1.5 2.6 4.0
Africa 7.3 6.5 5.7 4.8 4.5 2.5 2.4 3.4
South Africa c 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.6
Middle East 2.0 2.7 3.2 4.1 6.8 3.5 4.1 6.0
Asia 14.0 13.4 12.5 14.9 19.1 26.1 26.2 31.6
China 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 2.5 5.9 10.6
Japan 0.4 1.5 3.5 6.4 8.0 9.9 6.4 5.2
India 2.2 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.5
Australia and New Zealand 3.7 3.2 2.4 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.6
Six East Asian Traders 3.4 3.0 2.5 3.6 5.8 9.7 9.6 10.1
Memorandum item:
EU d - - 24.5 37.0 31.3 37.4 42.3 34.7
USSR, Former 2.2 3.5 4.6 3.7 5.0 - - -
GATT/WTO Members e 63.4 69.6 75.0 84.1 78.4 89.3 94.3 94.2
Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 export shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.
World merchandise exports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2010
b Figures are significantly affected by including the mutual trade flows of the Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003.
c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union.
e Membership as of the year stated.
a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983.
(Billion dollars and percentage)
d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(27) in 2010.
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
Table I.7
1948 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003 2010
Value
World 62 85 164 594 1882 3786 7695 15077
Share
World 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
North America 18.5 20.5 16.1 17.2 18.5 21.4 22.4 17.8
United States 13.0 13.9 11.4 12.3 14.3 15.9 16.9 13.1
Canada 4.4 5.5 3.9 4.2 3.4 3.7 3.2 2.7
Mexico 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.8 2.3 2.1
South and Central America 10.4 8.3 6.0 4.4 3.8 3.3 2.5 3.8
Brazil 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.0
Argentina 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.4
Europe 45.3 43.7 52.0 53.3 44.2 44.6 45.0 38.9
Germany a 2.2 4.5 8.0 9.2 8.1 9.0 7.9 7.1
France 5.5 4.9 5.3 6.4 5.6 5.7 5.2 4.0
United Kingdom 13.4 11.0 8.5 6.5 5.3 5.5 5.2 3.7
Italy 2.5 2.8 4.6 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.2
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) b - - - - - 1.2 1.7 2.7
Africa 8.1 7.0 5.2 3.9 4.6 2.6 2.2 3.1
South Africa c 2.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6
Middle East 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.7 6.2 3.3 2.8 3.7
Asia 13.9 15.1 14.1 14.9 18.5 23.7 23.5 29.9
China 0.6 1.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 2.7 5.4 9.3
Japan 1.1 2.8 4.1 6.5 6.7 6.4 5.0 4.6
India 2.3 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.2
Australia and New Zealand 2.9 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5
Six East Asian Traders 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.7 6.1 10.3 8.6 9.6
Memorandum item:
EU d - - 25.5 37.1 31.4 35.3 41.3 35.5
USSR, Former 1.9 3.3 4.3 3.6 4.3 - - -
GATT/WTO Members e 58.6 66.9 75.3 85.5 81.3 89.7 95.5 95.8
Note: Between 1973 and 1983 and between 1993 and 2003 import shares were significantly influenced by oil price developments.
World merchandise imports by region and selected economy, 1948, 1953, 1963, 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2010
b Figures are significantly affected by including the mutual trade flows of the Baltic States and the CIS between 1993 and 2003.
c Beginning with 1998, figures refer to South Africa only and no longer to the Southern African Customs Union.
e Membership as of the year stated.
a Figures refer to the Fed. Rep. of Germany from 1948 through 1983.
(Billion dollars and percentage)
d Figures refer to the EEC(6) in 1963, EC(9) in 1973, EC(10) in 1983, EU(12) in 1993, EU(25) in 2003 and EU(27) in 2010.
Rank Exporters Value Share Annual percentage
change Rank Importers Value Share
Annual percentage
change
1 China 1578 10.4 31 1 United States 1969 12.8 23
2 United States 1278 8.4 21 2 China 1395 9.1 39
3 Germany 1269 8.3 13 3 Germany 1067 6.9 15
4 Japan 770 5.1 33 4 Japan 694 4.5 26
5 Netherlands 573 3.8 15 5 France 606 3.9 8
6 France 521 3.4 7 6 United Kingdom 560 3.6 16
7 Korea, Republic of 466 3.1 28 7 Netherlands 517 3.4 17
8 Italy 448 2.9 10 8 Italy 484 3.1 17
9 Belgium 412 2.7 11 9 Hong Kong, China 442 2.9 25
retained imports 116 0.8 31
10 United Kingdom 406 2.7 15 10 Korea, Republic of 425 2.8 32
11 Hong Kong, China 401 2.6 22 11 Canada a 402 2.6 22
domestic exports 15 0.1 -12
re-exports 386 2.5 24
12 Russian Federation 400 2.6 32 12 Belgium 390 2.5 11
13 Canada 388 2.5 23 13 India 327 2.1 27
14 Singapore 352 2.3 30 14 Spain 314 2.0 7
domestic exports 183 1.2 32
re-exports 169 1.1 28 15 Singapore 311 2.0 26
15 Mexico 298 2.0 30 retained imports 142 0.9 24
16 Taipei, Chinese 275 1.8 35 16 Mexico 311 2.0 29
17 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 250 1.6 30 17 Taipei, Chinese 251 1.6 44
18 Spain 246 1.6 8 18 Russian Federation a 249 1.6 30
19 United Arab Emirates b 220 1.4 19 19 Australia 202 1.3 22
20 India 220 1.4 33 20 Brazil 191 1.2 43
21 Australia 213 1.4 38 21 Turkey 186 1.2 32
22 Brazil 202 1.3 32 22 Thailand 182 1.2 36
23 Malaysia 199 1.3 26 23 Switzerland 176 1.1 13
24 Switzerland 195 1.3 13 24 Poland 174 1.1 16
25 Thailand 195 1.3 28 25 Malaysia 165 1.1 33
26 Sweden 158 1.0 21 26 United Arab Emirates b 160 1.0 7
27 Indonesia 158 1.0 32 27 Austria 159 1.0 11
28 Poland 156 1.0 14 28 Sweden 149 1.0 24
29 Austria 152 1.0 11 29 Indonesia 132 0.9 46
30 Czech Republic 133 0.9 18 30 Czech Republic 126 0.8 20
31 Norway 131 0.9 14 31 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 97 0.6 2
32 Ireland 117 0.8 1 32 South Africa 94 0.6 29
33 Turkey 114 0.7 12 33 Hungary 88 0.6 13
34 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 101 0.7 28 34 Denmark 85 0.6 3
35 Denmark 98 0.6 4 35 Viet Nam 85 0.6 21
36 Hungary 95 0.6 15 36 Norway 77 0.5 12
37 Nigeria 82 0.5 49 37 Portugal 76 0.5 6
38 South Africa 82 0.5 33 38 Finland 69 0.4 13
39 Viet Nam 72 0.5 26 39 Slovak Republic a 67 0.4 20
40 Chile 71 0.5 32 40 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 65 0.4 28
41 Finland 70 0.5 11 41 Greece 63 0.4 -9
42 Argentina 68 0.4 22 42 Romania 62 0.4 14
43 Kuwait 67 0.4 29 43 Israel 61 0.4 24
44 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 66 0.4 14 44 Ukraine 61 0.4 34
45 Slovak Republic 65 0.4 17 45 Ireland 60 0.4 -4
46 Qatar 62 0.4 51 46 Chile 59 0.4 38
47 Kazakhstan 59 0.4 37 47 Philippines 58 0.4 27
48 Israel 58 0.4 22 48 Argentina 57 0.4 46
49 Algeria 57 0.4 26 49 Egypt 53 0.3 18
50 Angola 54 0.4 31 50 Nigeria 44 0.3 30
Total of above c 14120 92.7 - Total of above c 14095 91.5 - World c 15237 100.0 22 World c 15402 100.0 21 a Imports are valued f.o.b.
b Secretariat estimates.
c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.
Note : For annual data 2000-2010, see Appendix A6 and A7
Table I.8
Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade, 2010
(Billion dollars and percentage)
3. Leading traders
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
Rank Exporters Value Share
Annual percentage
change Rank Importers Value Share
Annual percentage
change
1 Extra-EU (27) exports 1788 15.1 17 1 Extra-EU (27) imports 1991 16.5 18
2 China 1578 13.3 31 2 United States 1969 16.4 23
3 United States 1278 10.8 21 3 China 1395 11.6 39
4 Japan 770 6.5 33 4 Japan 694 5.8 26
5 Korea, Republic of 466 3.9 28 5 Hong Kong, China 442 3.7 25
6 Hong Kong, China 401 3.4 22 retained imports 116 1.0 30
domestic exports 15 0.1 -12 6 Korea, Republic of 425 3.5 32
re-exports 386 3.3 24
7 Russian Federation 400 3.4 32 7 Canada a 402 3.3 22
8 Canada 388 3.3 23 8 India 327 2.7 27
9 Singapore 352 3.0 30 9 Singapore 311 2.6 26
domestic exports 183 1.5 32 retained imports 142 1.2 -8
re-exports 169 1.4 28
10 Mexico 298 2.5 30 10 Mexico 311 2.6 29
11 Taipei, Chinese 275 2.3 35 11 Taipei, Chinese 251 2.1 44
12 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 250 2.1 30 12 Russian Federation a 249 2.1 30
13 United Arab Emirates b 220 1.9 19 13 Australia 202 1.7 22
14 India 220 1.9 33 14 Brazil 191 1.6 43
15 Australia 213 1.8 38 15 Turkey 186 1.5 32
16 Brazil 202 1.7 32 16 Thailand 182 1.5 36
17 Malaysia 199 1.7 26 17 Switzerland 176 1.5 13
18 Switzerland 195 1.6 13 18 Malaysia 165 1.4 33
19 Thailand 195 1.6 28 19 United Arab Emirates b 160 1.3 7
20 Indonesia 158 1.3 32 20 Indonesia 132 1.1 46
21 Norway 131 1.1 14 21 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 97 0.8 2
22 Turkey 114 1.0 12 22 South Africa 94 0.8 29
23 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 101 0.8 28 23 Viet Nam 85 0.7 21
24 Nigeria 82 0.7 49 24 Norway 77 0.6 12
25 South Africa 82 0.7 33 25 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 65 0.5 28
26 Viet Nam 72 0.6 26 26 Israel 61 0.5 24
27 Chile 71 0.6 32 27 Ukraine 61 0.5 34
28 Argentina 68 0.6 22 28 Chile 59 0.5 38
29 Kuwait 67 0.6 29 29 Philippines 58 0.5 27
30 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 66 0.6 14 30 Argentina 57 0.5 46
31 Qatar 62 0.5 51 31 Egypt 53 0.4 18
32 Kazakhstan 59 0.5 37 32 Nigeria 44 0.4 30
33 Israel 58 0.5 22 33 Iraq 43 0.4 15
34 Algeria 57 0.5 26 34 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 41 0.3 1
35 Angola 54 0.5 31 35 Colombia 41 0.3 24
36 Iraq 53 0.4 26 36 Algeria 40 0.3 2
37 Philippines 51 0.4 34 37 Pakistan 39 0.3 23
38 Ukraine 51 0.4 29 38 Morocco 35 0.3 7
39 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 47 0.4 28 39 Belarus 35 0.3 22
40 Colombia 40 0.3 21 40 New Zealand 31 0.3 20
41 Oman 37 0.3 32 41 Peru 30 0.3 38
42 Peru 36 0.3 32 42 Kazakhstan 30 0.2 5
43 New Zealand 31 0.3 26 43 Bangladesh 28 0.2 27
44 Azerbaijan 26 0.2 25 44 Qatar 23 0.2 -7
45 Egypt 26 0.2 15 45 Kuwait 22 0.2 10
46 Belarus 25 0.2 18 46 Tunisia 22 0.2 16
47 Pakistan 21 0.2 22 47 Angola a 22 0.2 -5
48 Bangladesh 19 0.2 27 48 Ecuador 21 0.2 36
49 Morocco 18 0.1 25 49 Croatia 20 0.2 -5
50 Ecuador 17 0.1 26 50 Oman 20 0.2 11
Total of above c 11490 96.8 - Total of above c 11514 95.6 -
World (excl. intra-EU (27)) c 11872 100.0 26 World (excl. intra-EU (27)) c 12037 100.0 25 a Imports are valued f.o.b.
b Secretariat estimates.
c Includes significant re-exports or imports for re-export.
Note : For annual data 2000-2010, see Appendix A6 and A7
Table I.9
Leading exporters and importers in world merchandise trade (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2010
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Rank Exporters Value Share
Annual percentage
change Rank Importers Value Share
Annual percentage
change
1 United States 518 14.0 9 1 United States 358 10.2 7
2 Germany 232 6.3 3 2 Germany 260 7.4 3
3 United Kingdom 227 6.1 -1 3 China 192 5.5 22
4 China 170 4.6 32 4 United Kingdom 161 4.6 2
5 France 143 3.9 0 5 Japan 156 4.4 6
6 Japan 139 3.8 10 6 France 129 3.7 2
7 India 123 3.3 33 7 India 116 3.3 45
8 Spain 123 3.3 1 8 Ireland 108 3.1 4
9 Netherlands 113 3.1 2 9 Italy 108 3.1 1
10 Singapore 112 3.0 20 10 Netherlands 106 3.0 -1
11 Hong Kong, China 106 2.9 23 11 Singapore 96 2.7 21
12 Italy 97 2.6 3 12 Korea, Republic of 93 2.6 17
13 Ireland 97 2.6 5 13 Canada 90 2.6 15
14 Belgium 82 2.2 3 14 Spain 87 2.5 0
15 Korea, Republic of 82 2.2 13 15 Belgium 78 2.2 6
16 Switzerland 78 2.1 8 16 Russian Federation 70 2.0 19
17 Luxembourg 68 1.9 14 17 Brazil 60 1.7 36
18 Canada 67 1.8 15 18 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 51 1.5 8
19 Sweden 64 1.7 9 19 Hong Kong, China 51 1.4 16
20 Denmark 59 1.6 8 20 Australia 50 1.4 24
21 Austria 54 1.5 0 21 Denmark 49 1.4 -1
22 Australia 47 1.3 17 22 Sweden 48 1.4 7
23 Russian Federation 44 1.2 7 23 Thailand 46 1.3 21
24 Taipei, Chinese 40 1.1 28 24 Norway 42 1.2 15
25 Norway 40 1.1 5 25 United Arab Emirates 41 1.2 11
26 Greece 37 1.0 -2 26 Luxembourg 39 1.1 9
27 Thailand 34 0.9 14 27 Switzerland 38 1.1 -3
28 Turkey 33 0.9 2 28 Taipei, Chinese 37 1.1 28
29 Malaysia 33 0.9 14 29 Austria 37 1.0 0
30 Poland 32 0.9 13 30 Malaysia 32 0.9 17
31 Brazil 30 0.8 15 31 Poland 29 0.8 22
32 Macao, China 28 0.8 52 32 Indonesia 26 0.7 14
33 Israel 25 0.7 12 33 Mexico 22 0.6 4
34 Egypt 24 0.6 11 34 Finland 21 0.6 -19
35 Finland 23 0.6 -14 35 Czech Republic 20 0.6 8
36 Portugal 23 0.6 3 36 Nigeria 20 0.6 22
37 Czech Republic 22 0.6 7 37 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 19 0.6 12
38 Hungary 19 0.5 3 38 Greece 19 0.5 -1
39 Ukraine 16 0.4 24 39 Turkey 18 0.5 18
40 Indonesia 16 0.4 29 40 South Africa 18 0.5 25
Total of above 3320 89.9 - Total of above 3040 86.6 -
World 3695 100.0 9 World 3510 100.0 9
Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services, 2010
Note: Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For annual data 2000-2010, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9.
Table I.10
(Billion dollars and percentage)
I WORLD TRADE DEVELOPMENTS
Rank Exporters Value Share
Annual percentage
change Rank Importers Value Share
Annual percentage
change
1 Extra-EU (27) exports 685 24.4 5 1 Extra-EU (27) imports 590 21.9 4
2 United States 518 18.5 9 2 United States 358 13.3 7
3 China 170 6.1 32 3 China 192 7.1 22
4 Japan 139 4.9 10 4 Japan 156 5.8 6
5 India 123 4.4 33 5 India 116 4.3 45
6 Singapore 112 4.0 20 6 Singapore 96 3.6 21
7 Hong Kong, China 105 3.8 23 7 Korea, Republic of 93 3.4 17
8 Korea, Republic of 82 2.9 13 8 Canada 90 3.3 15
9 Switzerland 78 2.8 8 9 Russian Federation 70 2.6 19
10 Canada 67 2.4 15 10 Brazil 60 2.2 36
11 Australia 47 1.7 17 11 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 51 1.9 8
12 Russian Federation 44 1.6 7 12 Hong Kong, China 51 1.9 16
13 Taipei, Chinese 40 1.4 28 13 Australia 50 1.9 24
14 Norway 40 1.4 5 14 Thailand 46 1.7 21
15 Thailand 34 1.2 14 15 Norway 42 1.6 15
16 Turkey 33 1.2 2 16 United Arab Emirates 41 1.5 11
17 Malaysia 33 1.2 14 17 Switzerland 38 1.4 -3
18 Brazil 30 1.1 15 18 Taipei, Chinese 37 1.4 28
19 Macao, China 28 1.0 52 19 Malaysia 32 1.2 17
20 Israel 25 0.9 12 20 Indonesia 26 1.0 14
21 Egypt 25 0.8 11 21 Mexico 22 0.8 4
22 Ukraine 16 0.6 24 22 Nigeria 20 0.7 22
23 Indonesia 16 0.6 29 23 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 19 0.7 12
24 Mexico 15 0.5 0 24 Turkey 18 0.7 18
25 Lebanon 15 0.5 -10 25 South Africa 18 0.7 25
26 South Africa 14 0.5 17 26 Israel 18 0.7 5
27 Philippines 13 0.5 20 27 Angola 16 0.6 -10
28 Argentina 15 0.5 18 28 Argentina 13 0.5 15
29 Morocco 12 0.4 2 29 Egypt 13 0.5 2
30 Croatia 11 0.4 -4 30 Lebanon 13 0.5 -7
31 United Arab Emirates 11 0.4 16 31 Ukraine 12 0.4 6
32 Chile 11 0.4 25 32 Kuwait 12 0.4 3
33 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 10 0.4 10 33 Chile 12 0.4 17
34 Cuba a 9 0.3 ... 34 Algeria 11 0.4 2
35 New Zealand 10 0.3 11 35 Kazakhstan 11 0.4 13
36 Iran, Islamic Rep. of 8 0.3 1 36 Philippines 11 0.4 28
37 Viet Nam 7 0.3 30 37 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 10 0.4 9
38 Kuwait 7 0.2 -34 38 Viet Nam 10 0.4 21
39 Panama 6 0.2 10 39 New Zealand 9 0.3 15
40 Syrian Arab Republic a 5 0.2 ... 40 Colombia 8 0.3 13
Total of above 2670 95.0 - Total of above 2510 93.1 -
World (excl. intra-EU (27)) 2810 100.0 12 World (excl. intra-EU (27)) 2695 100.0 12
Leading exporters and importers in world trade in commercial services (excluding intra-EU (27) trade), 2010
Note: Figures for a number of countries and territories have been estimated by the Secretariat. Annual percentage changes and rankings are affected by continuity breaks in the series for a large number of economies, and by limitations in cross-country comparability. See the Metadata. For annual data 2000-2010, see Appendix Tables A8 and A9.
a Secretariat estimate.
Table I.11
(Billion dollars and percentage)
Table I.12
(Million dollars and percentage)
Destination Value Origin Value
2010 2005 2010 2009 2010 2010 2005 2010 2009 2010
Region Region
World 388019 100.0 100.0 -31 23 World 402280 100.0 100.0 -21 22
North America 293742 84.6 75.7 -33 22 North America 228712 61.9 56.9 -22 22
Asia 38373 6.5 9.9 -17 23 Asia 83369 17.4 20.7 -15 21
Europe 38225 6.5 9.9 -26 29 Europe 54276 14.2 13.5 -23 13
South and Central America 7268 1.1 1.9 -34 36 South and Central America 15946 3.1 4.0 -11 36
Middle East 3354 0.5 0.9 -7 -18 Africa 9866 1.8 2.5 -46 42
Africa 3297 0.5 0.8 -27 12 Middle East 5330 1.0 1.3 -38 43
CIS 1532 0.2 0.4 -42 33 CIS 4781 0.6 1.2 20 12
Economy Economy
United States 288816 83.9 74.4 -33 22 United States 202722 55.6 50.4 -23 20
European Union (27) 33080 5.7 8.5 -24 27 European Union (27) 47721 11.9 11.9 -22 17
China 12842 1.6 3.3 -1 31 China 44354 7.6 11.0 -13 24
Japan 8931 2.1 2.3 -30 22 Mexico 22060 3.8 5.5 -14 48
Mexico 4865 0.8 1.3 -23 15 Japan 13373 3.8 3.3 -24 20
Above 5 348533 94.2 89.8 - - Above 5 330229 82.7 82.1 - -
Korea, Republic of 3603 0.6 0.9 -14 16 Korea, Republic of 6137 1.4 1.5 -8 15
Brazil 2493 0.3 0.6 -42 77 Taipei, Chinese 3981 1.0 1.0 -21 32
Norway 2480 0.4 0.6 -49 58 Canada b 3927 0.9 1.0 -17 31
India 2022 0.2 0.5 -17 7 Peru 3638 0.4 0.9 10 40
Hong Kong, China 1836 0.3 0.5 -21 39 Algeria 3543 1.1 0.9 -54 4
Australia 1702 0.4 0.4 -23 9 Brazil 3268 0.8 0.8 -10 40
Switzerland 1592 0.3 0.4 -25 51 Switzerland 2934 0.6 0.7 2 -6
Taipei, Chinese 1252 0.3 0.3 -34 28 Norway 2775 1.6 0.7 -46 -14
Russian Federation 1156 0.1 0.3 -45 48 Thailand 2403 0.5 0.6 -13 16
United Arab Emirates 1111 0.1 0.3 -15 -3 Kazakhstan 2282 0.0 0.6 … 58
Indonesia 1032 0.2 0.3 -38 20 Malaysia 2272 0.7 0.6 -26 9
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 955 0.1 0.2 7 -7 India 2121 0.5 0.5 -16 17
Turkey 822 0.1 0.2 -33 4 Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of 2014 0.4 0.5 -35 45
Singapore 809 0.1 0.2 23 -15 Iraq 1911 0.3 0.5 -47 65
Malaysia 763 0.1 0.2 -12 9.9 Chile 1869 0.4 0.5 -10 19.5
Philippines 656 0.1 0.2 -13 42 Nigeria 1667 0.0 0.4 -54 303
Thailand 633 0.1 0.2 -26 27 Russian Federation 1640 0.4 0.4 -20 11
Colombia 629 0.1 0.2 -21 18 Angola 1621 0.1 0.4 -54 31
Egypt 614 0.1 0.2 -6 9 Australia 1613 0.5 0.4 -8 10
Bangladesh 582 0.0 0.1 104 5 Argentina 1552 0.1 0.4 2 145
Chile 575 0.1 0.1 -17 1 Indonesia 1258 0.3 0.3 -12 38
Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 546 0.2 0.1 -35 0 Viet Nam 1171 0.1 0.3 3 23
Pakistan 537 0.1 0.1 -31 49 Singapore 1135 0.3 0.3 -15 9
Peru 467 0.1 0.1 5 24 Israel 1005 0.2 0.2 -27 17
South Africa 455 0.1 0.1 -56 16 Philippines 888 0.2 0.2 -16 34
Israel 387 0.1 0.1 -43 24 Bangladesh 834 0.1 0.2 16 14
Cuba 381 0.1 0.1 -61 36 Bolivarian Rep. of Venezuela 780 0.5 0.2 -40 -5
Sri Lanka 341 0.0 0.1 -21 15 Colombia 717 0.2 0.2 7 8
New Zealand 312 0.1 0.1 -38 18 South Africa 715 0.2 0.2 -30 25
Algeria 292 0.1 0.1 -63 -5 Turkey 713 0.2 0.2 -16 25
Trinidad and Tobago 292 0.0 0.1 -9 23 Equatorial Guinea 670 0.1 0.2 301 113
Argentina 277 0.0 0.1 -39 80 Cuba 652 0.1 0.2 -48 44
Ecuador 262 0.0 0.1 7 9 Suriname 597 0.0 0.1 -17 23
Viet Nam 259 0.0 0.1 -36 33 Azerbaijan 541 0.0 0.1 -6 -49
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 240 0.0 0.1 95 4 Trinidad and Tobago 459 0.1 0.1 -14 61
Above 40 380901 99.3 98.2 - - Above 40 395533 97.1 98.3 - -
b In 2010, Canada reported imports from Canada accounting for nearly 1 percent of its total merchandise imports.
a Imports are valued f.o.b.
Merchandise trade of Canada by origin and destination, 2010
Annual percentage
change Annual
percentage change
Share Share
Exports Imports a
