ഠઑٛणীଭ୍෴คଡܪۚծౢ࣑ଭনण֗֜
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Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Two Sequential Extraction Methods for Arsenic Fractionations in the Soil
Hyeop-Jo Han, Ju-Yong Kim, Byung-Tae Lee, Kyoung-Woong Kim , Yoon-Soo Kim and Jin-Soo Lee
Abstract :Arsenic fractionations in 21 soil samples collected from abandoned mine areas were determined by two sequential extraction methods, Tessier’s methods and Ahn’s methods. Compared to the total As by aqua regia digestion, sum of As fractionated by sequential extractions showed the 70-130% of recoveries in most soils.
More than 90% of As were considered as residuals by Tessier’s methods in all samples, while Ahn's methods showed that 50-80% of arsenic were fractionated at 1-3 steps of extractions. Phytoaccessible As fractions determined by Mehlich 3 leaching procedure were significantly correlated with the sum of step 1 and 2 by both two sequential extraction methods (p<0.01). The correlation coefficients (R=0.920) of Ahn’s methods was much higher than Tessier’s (R=0.667). Though Tessier's method has widely used for metal fractionation in soils, it is not proper for As which exist oxyanionic forms such as arsenite and arsenate. Our results implied that Ahn’s methods were more suitable for As fractionation than Tessier’s methods.
Key words : Soil, Arsenic, Sequential extraction, Phytoavailability
څ أ ĶǴदŚ՚ġԓܳѺȬąݓۆҼՙ١ّࢹت21ÒεࠄॠيTessier ߸ѪфAhn ߸Ѫˣ
2Àݓۆɳćѻ߸Ѫںۺڌॠٕɰ. ɳćѻ߸Ѫقۆ३ڌʽҼՙۆߪ॥͟ںٶսқ३Ѫںࣀ३ঝۍॢ
Ҽՙۆۻ॥͟ęҼİॠٕڷ϶, ŔĀę42Òܼ34ÒÀ±30% ѩڦǴ١ε҃يɳćѻ߸ۆধսڱ(%)ۋ
ʂߕۺڷͿ100%قŖۿ॥ںঝۍॠٕɰ. ࢹتǴҼՙۆܕۦəTessier ߸ѪںۋڌॢąڍۛΪН
(4ɳć)ÀϿ˜֨ΒقԴ90% ۋԜۆҼڱںݓॢъϸAhn ߸ѪقԴəԜʂۺڷͿۋʴՁۋȭڹ
1~3ɳćۆҼڱۋ50~80%ۆҼڱںݓॠيʂߕۺڷͿČδқपεٕ҃ɰ. ࢹتǴҼՙۆ॥ܼ֩͟Нۻ ۋÀɠՁۋەəε߸ॠəMehlich 3 ڌѪęɳćѻ߸2ɳćūݓۆɀۺ॥͟ÂۆԜěқԵںսॱ
ॢĀęTessier ߸Ѫ(R=0.667)قҼॠيAhn ߸Ѫ(R=0.920)ۋښˣ০ȭڹԜěՁںٕ҃ɰ. ٍ҆ĵۆ
Āęεܛ०ॠϸ, Ǭ, ĵν, ؉ٍˣۆܼŚ՚ںʂԜڷͿČ؋ʽTessier ߸ѪڹۻՃćۺڷͿÀۤȇν
ۋڌʼəɳćѻ߸Ѫۋݓχ, ٍۙԜقԴԓজڼۋ٣ۆজॡۺäʴں҃ۋəҼՙۆܕۦथÀقə
ۺ०ॠݓ؍ںսەڼںঝۍॠٕɰ. ̚ॢࢹتǴҼՙۆ֩Нড়սʪقʂॢě۾ڷͿ҇˺, ʂߕۺڷͿ
Tessier ߸ѪقҼ३Ahn ߸ѪۋҼՙۆܕۦथÀقۺ०ॢتԜںǣࢍǸںঝۍॠٕɰ.
ܳڅر ࢹت, Ҽՙ, ɳćѻ߸, ֩НۋڌÀɠՁ
2012ț12ښ14ێۿս, 2012ț12ښ31ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2013ț2ښ14ێóۦঝ܁
1) ġܳęॡşցڙঞąėॡҙ
2) ॢĶġ३ěνėɳġ३şցٍĵՙ
*Corresponding Author(ťąږ) E-mail; [email protected]
Address; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
ISSN 2287-4321(Online) Vol. 50, No. 1 O2013PGpp. 35-43
Դ
ġԓф܃ʹটʴقۆ३ьԦʽҼՙ, ࠢ˚в, ĵν, Ǭ, ؉ٍˣۆʫՁڙՙ˞ڹН, ʂş, ࢹتˣۆۋʴϔ ߕεࣀ३ԦНń, ࢹتń, սń, ʂşńںप॥ॠəɰ تॢݓĵ֨֟ࢰঞąڷͿۋʴ, қԓʼ϶ۍÂںҼ΅
ॢڮşԦϼߕق࠘ϼۺۍक़३εйࠚɰ(Thornton, 1983;
Jung, 1995). ߯Ŗقəۋ͠ॢġԓটʴقۆॢঞą١
ّۆ֮ÁՁۋҙÁʼϸԴ܁ҙəĶǴ্·दġԓقʂ
ٍĵȦЛ
ॢÒডф܁нܓԐεսॱॢцەڷ϶, ইۦəॢĶġ ३ěνėɳˣںࣀॠيࢹت, սݗ١ّ, ݓъࠞॠ, ԓρ
ী՜ˣɰتॢġ३ইԜقʂॢߪ०ۺěνεսॱॠ Čەɰ(Ko et al., 2009). ĶǴġԓܳѺȬąݓࢹتق
ʂॢ١ّʪܓԐĀę, 255ÒदŚ՚ġԓܳѺۆܼŚ
՚١ّࢹتܼ52% ۋԜۋҼՙͿ١ّʼرەəìڷ ͿǣࢍǣҼՙقۆॢĶǴȬąݓࢹت١ّۋ֮Áॢ
ìڷͿ ǣࢍǮɰ(KIGAM, 2006).
2006țԺςʽॢĶġ३ěνėɳڹܼŚ՚фҼՙͿ
١ّʽࢹتۆߌνşѪܼԵধ, ڮşНݗ, ߏ/ϐÂԓ জНęÏڹজॡۺĀ०܃εۋڌॠي؋܁জεڮʪॠ əҝڌজ(immobilization) şցںۋڌॠيĶǴ Ȭą ݓࢹتۆ܁জεսॱॠČەɰ. ؋܁জ܃ٮܼŚ՚ф
Ҽՙۆড়(adsorption), ėࠞ(co-precipitation) ইԜˣ ۆşۚںۋڌॠəۋѓѪڹ١ّНݗۆۋʴՁںÇ ՙ֨ࡈ֩Нۻۋ܁ʪε۹Çॠə١ّࢹت܁জşѪۋ
϶(Ahn, 2000; Kumpience et al., 2008), ০١ّ܁জ
НνۺՁѺজεڮьॠݓ؍ڷдͿȬąݓۦԐ ڌࠑϸقԴϔڍমęۺۍѓѪۋɰ(Ko et al., 2010).
؋܁জėѪڹŚ՚ۆۋʴʪεÇՙ֨ࡈ֩НͿۻۋ ʼəŚ՚ۆتںÇՙ֨ࢅ϶, মڱۺۍ؋܁জėѪۆ
ۺڌфěνεڦ३Դəࢹت-֩НقʂॢԜěćε
őϼॣज़څÀەɰ. ֩НۋࢹتڷͿҙࢢŚ՚ںড়ս ॠəϭࠢɦݏںۋ३ॠşڦ३Դə֩НۆŚ՚ড়սق
ٖॳںܳəۍۙ˞, ࢹتۍۙ(ࢹتۆŚ՚॥͟, pH, ڮşН॥͟, تۋ٣İঞɠͳфࢹتۆܓݔˣ)ٮ֩Н ۍۙ(֩НۆܛΪҙқ, ٍͺˣ) ŔνČş٣, Ìս͟ę
Ïڹşۍۙ˞قʂॢ܁ঝॢۋ३Àज़څॠɰ(Jung, 1994). ێъۺڷͿ֩НǴۆŚ՚॥͟ںĀ܁ॠəÀۤ
ܼڅॢڅՙəࢹتǴۆŚ՚॥͟ۋݓχ(Alloway et al., 1990), ࢹتǴŚ՚ۆۻ॥͟ۋٽقʪࢹتۓۙशϸ ۆՁ, Ā०Ìʪ, ࢹتսۆՁˣŚ՚ۆۋʴʪق
ٖॳںй࠘əŚ՚-ࢹتÂۆԜěć, ࢹتǴŚ՚
ۆܕۦÀ ϔڍܼڅॢ څۍۋɰ(Filgueiras et al., 2002; Ure et al., 1995; Ure and Davidson, 2001).
ࢹتфࣅۺНǴقܕۦॠəܼŚ՚ڹজॡܛق˰
͆ʫՁۋࡾóɵ͆ݓəʚۋ͠ॢܼŚ՚ۆজॡۺܕ ۦε؎؉҃şڦॠيɰتॢٍĵѓѪۋ܃֨ʼؽ ɰ(Tessier et al., 1979; Calmano, 1983; Kerstern and Forstner, 1986; Domingues et al., 1990; Lee et al., 2004;
Vaisanen and Kiljunen, 2005). ۋܼ߯ŖūݓʪÀۤ
ȇνۋڌʼČەəɳćѻ߸ѪڹTessier ˣ(1979)ۋ
܃؋ॢѓѪڷͿ, ࢹتǴܼŚ՚ںİঞՁۋ٣, ԓّ, ߏ-ϐÂԓজН, ڮşН-ডজН, ۛΪ
ۆ 5Àݓ ɳćͿ ĵқॠي ߸ॠə ѓѪۋɰ. ۋ
ѓѪڹࢹتڷͿҙࢢ֩Нۋড়սÀɠॢܼŚ՚ۆ॥͟
ںٚࠑॠäǣܼŚ՚ۋࢹتقԴ֩НͿۋʴʼəąͿ ε߸ۺॠəʚ ۋڌÀɠॠɰ(Tessier et al., 1979).
Ś·ڹġԓقԴۆ ܳʽ Ҽՙ ١ّڙڹ ġНީƃş Ǵ
ڮҼߏԵۋ϶, ԓজʼݓ؍ڹڮҼߏԵǴҼՙəܳͿ
-1À(As-1 85%, As0 15%), Нۋǣėşٮۿߤॠي
ԓজʾąڍŔशϸقԴ+3, +5, ф+1ÀÀ-1À
ٮʴˣॢتڷͿǣࢍǦɰ(Nesbitt et al., 1995). Ҽ ՙۆԓজԜəսڌؚۆpHٮEh ܓæقۆ३Ā܁ʼ
϶, ێъۺڷͿ+2ÀۍܼŚ՚ęəɵνҼՙəܳ
Ϳ ԓজঞąقԴ Ҽԓۋ٣(H2AsO4-, HAsO42-
)ڷͿ, ঞ ڙঞąقԴ؉Ҽԓۋ٣(H3AsO30
, H2AsO3-
)ڷͿܕۦॢ
ɰ(Cullen and Reimer, 1989; Masscheleyn et al., 1991;
Jones et al., 2000). ҼՙəŔԓজԜٮڮş·Иş
ق˰͆ʫՁۋɵ͆ݓ϶, ێъۺڷͿԓজঞąقԴۆ
Ҽԓۋ٣قҼ३ঞڙঞąقԴۆ؉Ҽԓۋ٣ۋڌ३ʪ
фۋʴʪÀȭڷ϶ʫՁʪ20~60ѕۋԜȭڹìڷͿ
؎Ͳ܋ەɰ(Bhumbla and Keefer, 1994; Ahn et al., 2003).
ҼՙəۻۺۍݓॠսۆpH фԓজঞڙۻڦঞą قԴɰδܼŚ՚ۋǣܵŚ՚ęəԜۋॢۋʴՁں
ǣࢍǶɰ. սڌؚԜقԴتۋ٣ڷͿܕۦॠəʂ ҙқۆʫՁܼŚ՚ڙՙ˞ڹpHÀÇՙ॥ق˰͆ڌ३ ʪÀ ݒÀॠČ, ܼՁ ф ؎ࠥνՁۆ pHقԴə ԓজН, սԓজНфԓّ̚əۍԓّġН˞ęėࠞۻʼäǣ
̚əսজʽŚ՚ԓজН, ۾ࢹ, ڮşНݗقÌॠóড়
ʿڷͿۍ३ڌ३ʪÀ۹ॠʽɰ(Alloway et al., 1990).
ъϸ, Ҽՙε प॥ॢ ʂҙқۆ ԓজڼۋ٣ں Ձॠə
ڙՙ˞ڹpHÀݒÀ॥ق˰͆ড়ͳۋ̆ر܋սćǴ ۆ॥͟ۋݒÀॠəՁں҃ۍɰ. ̚ॢێъۺڷͿԓ জڼۋ٣˞ۋঞڙԜقԴۋʴʪÀǰ؉ݓəъϸق
ҼՙəԓজԜقԴܳѺۆߏԓজНˣق֖óড়
ॠəˣԜʂۺڷͿǰڹۋʴʪε҃ۍɰ(Gulens and Champ, 1979; Lee and Park, 2005; Alloway et al., 1990). , ҼՙəܼŚ՚Ӽχ؉ɦ͆ɰδԓজڼۋ٣ ęʪݓĵজॡۺՁۋĵѻʼ϶, ۋ͠ॢۋڮͿێъ ۺۍܼŚ՚ۆܕۦεঝۍॠəɳćѻ߸Ѫۆۺ ڌ ÀɠՁں ঝۍॣज़څÀ ەɰ.
֩НͿۆŚ՚ۻۋεथÀॠşڦ३Č؋ʽMehlich 3ڌѪڹĵν, ؉ٍˣۆܼŚ՚ۋٽقʪߏ, ϐÂ,
ࠥ֜, υŔȐ֜, ǣ࣡ήˣࢹتǴܕۦॠəɰتॢڙ ՙۆ ߸ق ۋڌʼر ٵڷ϶(Hanlon and Johnson, 1984; Michaelson et al., 1987; Tran and Giroux, 1989;
Mehlich, 1984; Makarim and Cox 1983; Mascagni and Cox, 1985), ҼՙٮࢹتǴقԴۆজॡۺäʴۋҼ֦
ॢۍۆ߸قʪۋڌʼرٵɰ(Hanlon and Johnson,
Table 1. Procedure of two sequential extraction methods (Tessier et al., 1979; Ahn et al., 2005) Extraction
steps
Tessier’s methods Ahn’s methods
Phases Leaching conditions Phases Leaching conditions
Step 1 Exchangeable 0.5M MgCl2, 1hour,
room temp Ionically bound 1M MgCl2, 2hour, room temp Step 2 Bound to carbonate or
adsorbed
1M CH3COONa, 2 hour,
room temp Strongly adsorbed 0.1M NaOH, 12 hour, room temp
Step 3 Bound to organic and sulfides
0.04M NH2OH·HCl in HOAc 25%
3 hour, 96 oC
Co-precipitated with amorphous Fe oxyhydroxides
0.2M ammonium oxalate/
oxalic acid, 2 hour, room temp Step 4 Residual Aqua regia, 1 hour, 70oC Residual Aqua regia, 1 hour, 70oC 1984; Tran and Giroux, 1985; Tran and Giroux, 1989;
Michaelson et al., 1987). ০, Tranę Giroux(1985, 1989)ۆٍĵق˰βϸ֩НͿۻۋʽۍ(P)ۆ֬܃ت ęMehlich 3 ڌѪقۆ३߸ʽۍ(P)ۆتۋԴͿ
ϔڍȭڹԜěěćεٕ҃ڷ϶, ۋ͠ॢٍĵĀęə˃
Àݓɳćѻ߸Ѫق˰δҼՙۆܕۦεঝۍॠČ, Ҽİॠəʚ ەر ϔڍ ۺ०ॠó ۋڌʾ ս ەɰ.
˰͆Դٍ҆ĵقԴəҼՙ-ࢹتÂۆԜěćεэ০ əʚşߣۙΒε܃ėॠČۙĶǴġԓܳѺȬąݓࢹ تںʂԜڷͿTessier ˣ(1979)ۋ܃؋ॢ ѓѪę Ahn ˣ(2005)ۋ܃؋ॢѓѪںʴێࢹتقۺڌॠٕɰ. ̚
ॢٍĵĀęεцڷͿۻ॥͟قʂॢ˃Àݓɳćѻ
߸ѪۆধսڱêࢹфMehlich 3 ڌѪęۆԜěқ Եˣںսॱॠي߯ܛۺڷͿÁÁۆɳćѻ߸Ѫق˰
δ ࢹتǴ Ҽՙ ڌ تԜں Ҽİॠٕɰ.
֬ॹѓѪ
ࢹت֨ΒࠄфНνজॡۺՁࣷ؊
ٍ҆ĵقԴսॱʽɳćѻ߸фMehlich 3 ɳێڌ
ѪڹࢹتǴܕۦॠəܼŚ՚ۆ֩НۻۋÀɠՁں
ঝۍॠə߸Ѫۋ϶, ۋ͠ॢЀۺęҙ०ॠəࢹت֨Β εঝ҃ॠČۙĶǴġԓۍŖۆȬąݓقԴࢹتں
ࠄॠيٍĵεݕॱॠٕɰ. ̚ॢɰتॢՁںݓɨࢹ ت֨Βεঝ҃ॠşڦॠيۻĶۆ9ÒݓًقқपॠČ
ەəदġԓںʂԜڷͿ21Òۆ֨Βεࠄॠٕɰ. ঝ
҃ʽ ࢹتڹ ࢹت١ّė܁֨ॹѓѪق ˰͆ æܓ 2 mm(-10 mesh) ۋॠͿߕèڼॠٕČ, ۋܼ<2 mm ۓ ʪۆ ࢹتں ʂԜڷͿ ࢹت pH, تۋ٣İঞɠͳ(CEC:
cation exchange capacity) ˣںࠑ܁ॠٕɰ. ̚ॢࢹت
ǴܕۦॠəҼՙۆߪ॥͟ںঝۍॠČۙٶսқ३ε
սॱॠٕɰ.
ɳćѻ߸Ҽİٍĵ
Tessie ˣ(1979)ęAhn ˣ(2005)ۋ܃؋ॢ߸Ѫں
ʴێࢹتقÁÁۺڌॠي˃Àݓɳćѻ߸Ѫق˰
δࢹتǴҼՙۆܕۦεঝۍॠČۙॠٕɰ. ێъ ۺڷͿɳćѻ߸ѪڹࢹتǴܕۦॠəߪܼŚ՚॥
ܼ͟ۋʴՁۋȭڹܼŚ՚ۆԜʂۺҼڱںঝۍॠə
߸ѓѪۋݓχ, ٍ҆ĵقԴəٶսқ३εࣀ३߸ʽ
ߪ॥͟ęɳćѻ߸قۆ३߸ʽߪ॥͟ÂۆҼİ εࣀ३߸Àۺۍۼʂۺ॥͟ҼİεսॱॠČۙॠٕ
ɰ. ˰͆Դɳćѻ߸Ѫقۋڌʼəڌ܃(reagent)ٮ
ࢹتǴҼՙۻ॥͟ঝۍقۋڌʼəڌ܃ۆۋ۾
قۆ३ьԦॠə١εܶۋČۙۛΪНۆڌ
قəۻ॥͟қԵęʴێॠóٶսεۋڌॠٕɰ. ̚ॢ
ٍ҆ĵÀࢹتǴܕۦॠəҼՙܼۋʴՁۋȭڹ
, ɰ֨ϊ३֩НۋڌÀɠՁۋȭڹۆҼՙ॥͟
ںঝۍॠČۋεцڷͿ˃Àݓɳćѻ߸ѪۆҼ İٍĵεսॱॢɰə۾قԴÁɳćѻ߸Ѫۆ4ɳć əٍ҆ĵεݕॱॠəʚەرࡾóज़څ࠘؍ɰ. ˰͆Դ
қԵۆठۆՁںڦ३Áɳćѻ߸Ѫۆ4ɳćə܃ٽ
ॢ ֬ॹں ݕॱॠٕɰ(Table 1).
ɳćѻ߸ڹߪ4 ܛΪۆ߸ڌؚںۋڌॠي2 mm ۋॠۆæܓࢹتںɳćۺڷͿ߸ॠٕڷ϶, ڌۋܛ Βʽۋقəٶսқ३εࣀॢࢹتǴҼՙۆۻ॥͟
ęɳćѻ߸قۆ३ڌʽҼՙۆۻߕ॥͟ںɰڼۆ
֩ں ۋڌॠي Ҽİॠٕɰ.
ধսڱ(%) =ٍ՚߸Ѫقۆ३߸ʽ4ɳćūݓۆɀۺ॥͟(mg/kg) ٶս߸Ѫق ۆ३ ߸ʽ ߪ ॥͟(mg/kg) ×100
ɳێڌѪ(Mehlich 3 ڌѪ)ęۆԜěқԵ
Table 3. Physical and chemical properties of the soils
Soil pH
CEC (cmol/kg)
As concentration (mg/kg) Total
Tessier's methods Ahn's methods
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step
4 Sum Recovery (%)
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step
4 Sum Recovery (%) 1 5.82 28.0 19.2 1.9 N.D. N.D. 12.5 14.4 74.7 0.7 0.8 N.D. 21.6 23.1 120.3 2 4.80 19.5 44.9 2.0 N.D. N.D. 30.0 32.0 71.3 0.7 1.5 0.3 53.1 55.7 123.9 3 7.22 21.8 83.4 1.9 N.D. N.D. 34.0 35.9 43.0 0.7 2.5 1.2 107.1 111.5 133.6 4 6.52 25.5 81.4 1.4 N.D. N.D. 33.0 34.5 42.3 0.8 0.9 1.6 82.2 85.5 104.9 5 5.69 17.9 164.5 2.1 N.D. N.D. 81.1 83.2 50.6 0.7 10.0 2.2 204.5 217.4 132.2 6 6.73 21.0 21.4 0.1 0.6 N.D. 31.8 32.6 152.1 0.6 7.9 4.8 14.4 27.7 129.3 7 8.08 23.1 53.5 0.3 1.3 N.D. 58.7 60.3 113.0 0.7 13.8 14.0 31.5 60.1 112.7 8 8.81 26.7 30.3 0.3 1.0 N.D. 60.5 61.9 203.9 0.7 12.5 5.8 17.3 36.3 119.5 9 4.73 23.6 19.7 0.1 0.2 N.D. 16.2 16.5 83.8 0.7 6.0 3.7 6.5 16.9 85.8 10 6.13 22.7 35.6 0.3 0.3 N.D. 33.4 34.0 95.3 0.6 13.0 7.6 14.3 35.5 99.5 11 7.88 31.3 190.4 0.3 3.3 16.2 190.4 210.3 110.4 0.8 94.9 40.5 39.9 176.1 92.5 12 7.03 21.9 119.9 0.2 1.7 2.8 112.4 117.1 97.7 0.6 62.9 23.7 32.8 119.9 100.0 13 8.28 22.0 70.4 0.3 1.7 N.D. 64.0 66.0 93.6 0.7 26.4 12.1 39.3 78.4 111.3 14 6.79 23.0 17.8 0.2 0.1 N.D. 17.8 18.1 101.4 0.6 8.1 4.8 5.3 18.8 105.0 15 6.95 23.6 24.4 0.2 0.3 N.D. 22.9 23.4 95.9 0.5 9.5 7.2 6.0 23.2 95.0 16 7.16 19.8 40.7 0.1 0.3 N.D. 41.0 41.5 101.7 0.5 15.4 4.2 12.6 32.7 80.3 17 8.00 31.3 46.5 0.1 N.D. N.D. 77.6 77.7 167.0 0.6 11.6 14.2 31.8 58.2 125.1 18 6.83 14.5 20.1 0.2 N.D. N.D. 18.4 18.6 92.3 0.5 12.7 3.7 4.6 21.5 106.8 19 7.58 26.7 47.8 0.2 N.D. N.D. 52.7 52.9 110.7 0.6 12.3 14.4 19.0 46.3 96.8 20 6.31 22.7 13.9 0.2 N.D. N.D. 16.5 16.8 119.9 0.5 4.6 1.3 8.6 15.0 107.4 21 7.01 17.9 63.0 0.2 N.D. N.D. 70.0 70.2 111.5 0.5 25.2 18.8 15.9 60.4 95.9 Minimum. 4.73 14.53 13.98 0.1 N.D. N.D. 12.5 14.4 80.3 0.5 0.8 N.D. 4.6 15.0 42.3 Maximum. 8.81 31.33 190.43 2.1 3.3 16.2 190.4 210.3 133.6 0.8 94.9 40.5 204.5 217.4 203.9 Median 7.0 22.7 44.9 0.2 0.1 N.D. 34.0 35.9 108.5 0.6 16.8 8.9 36.6 62.9 101.5 Average 6.87 23.06 57.60 0.6 0.5 0.9 51.2 53.2 106.8 0.6 11.6 4.8 19.0 46.3 97.7 N.D. : Not determined Table 2. Procedure of Mehlich-3 method (Mehlich, 1984)
Reactants
· Stock solution M-3: 1.5M NH4F + 0.1M EDTA
· Leaching solution
: 200.1 g (NH4NO3) + 100 mL(Stock solution M-3) + 115 mL (CH3COOH) + 82 mL (10% HNO3) in 10 L DIW
Leaching condition Soil : Leaching solution = 1 : 10, 5 min, 120 rpm, room temp
şܕۆٍĵقԴ֩НͿۻۋʽۍ(P)ۆ֬܃تęȭ ڹԜěՁں҃ۋČ, ŔٽقʪɰتॢŚ՚ۆ֩Нۻۋ ÀɠՁںঝۍॠəʚۋڌʼر٣Mehlich 3 ڌѪںۺ ڌॠيҼՙۆ֩НۻۋÀɠՁںêࢹॠٕڷ϶, ߸Àۺڷ Ϳ˃Àݓɳćѻ߸ѪęۆԜěқԵںսॱॠٕɰ.
ێъۺڷͿ֩Нۆąڍɳćѻ߸Ѫܼ1~2ɳć
ۆܼŚ՚ۋԦНॡۺڷͿۋڌÀɠॢͿ҃Čʼ رٵڷ϶(Li et al., 2007; Hong et al., 2009), ˰͆Դ
ٍ҆ĵقԴəMehlich 3 ڌѪęۆԜěқԵսॱ֨
ɳćѻ߸2ɳćūݓۆɀۺ॥͟ںۋڌॠٕɰ. Mehlich 3ڌѪۆۙՃॢқԵѓѪڹTable 2قǣࢍǴؽɰ.
Āęф३Ե
ࢹت֨ΒࠄфНνজॡۺՁࣷ؊
ࠄॢࢹتۆНνজॡۺՁںTable 3قश֨ॠٕ
ɰ. ࢹتpHə4.73 ~ 8.81, تۋ٣İঞɠͳڹ14.5~31.3 cmolc/kg, ࢹت ǴҼՙۆۻ॥͟ڹ 13.9~190.4 mg/kg
(a) Tessier’s method
(b) Ahn’s method
Fig. 1. Mode of (a) Tessier’s method and (b) Ahn’s method through sequential extraction.
ڷͿɰتॠóǣࢍǮɰ. pHق˰δࢹتқΪĀę, ԓ Ձࢹ(pH<5) - 2Ò, أԓՁࢹ(pH 5~6.5) - 4Ò, ܼՁࢹ (pH 6.5~7.5) - 9Ò, أّşՁࢹ(pH 7.5~9.0) - 6ÒͿɰ تॢpH ѩڦۆࢹت֨ΒÀٍĵقۋڌʼؽڼںঝۍ ॠٕɰ(Choi et al., 1996). Kim ˣ(2006)ق˰βϸتۋ ٣İঞɠͳق˰͆ࢹتںԐࢹ(1~5 cmolc/kg), йՃԐت ࢹ(5~10 cmolc/kg), تࢹфйԐݗتࢹ(5~15 cmolc/kg), ֩ تࢹ(15~30 cmolc/kg), ֩ࢹ(30 cmolc/kg ۋԜ)ˣڷͿ
ĵқॣսەڷ϶, ۋεٍ҆ĵۆĀęقۺڌॠϸȬą ݓࢹتۆݜۍйςݗۆ֩تࢹ(clay loam)À18ÒͿ
ǣࢍǮɰ. Ȭʪق˰δқΪۆąڍইۦĶǴࢹت١ّ
ڍͲşܵ(25 mg/kg) фʂşܵ(75 mg/kg)ںцڷͿ
ڍͲşܵۆ50% Ȭʪ~ ڍͲşܵйχ(7Ò), ڍͲşܵ
ߣę~ ʂşܵйχ(9Ò), ʂşܵߣę~ ʂşܵ
ۆ2ѕ(3Ò), ʂşܵ2ѕߣę(2Ò)Ϳĵқॠٕɰ. ࠄॢ ࢹت ֨Βۆ Нνজॡۺ Ձ ࣷ؊ Āę, ɰتॢ
pH ѩڦф١ّȬʪε҃ۋə Ȭąݓ ࢹتۋ ٍĵق
ۋڌʼؽڼں ঝۍॣ ս ەؽɰ.
ɳćѻ߸Ҽİٍĵ
ɳćѻ߸ѪڹࢹتǴɰتॢۍۙͿۍॢ߸Ѫۺ ڌۆॢć, ֨ΒߌνЛ܃, ՙڅ֨Â, ܼ҄߸, ߸ڌϔ
ۆۺ०Ձˣۆॢć۾ںÀݓČەڷ϶(Rapin et al., 1986;
Belzile et al., 1989; Kim and Fergusson, 1991; Jung, 1994), ۋͿۍ३ࢹتǴܼŚ՚ۆԜʂۺۋʴՁںঝۍ ॠəʚܳͿۋڌۋʽɰ. Ŕ͠ǣٍ҆ĵقԴə˃Àݓ
߸Ѫں ݔۿۺڷͿҼİॠČۙɳćѻ߸ںࣀ३ধ սʽتęٶսқ३قۆ३߸ʽߪ॥͟Âۆۋε
ঝۍ॰ڷ϶, ٍĵ ĀęεTable 3قǣࢍǴؽɰ.
ٍĵĀę, 42Ò֨Βܼ34Ò֨ΒقԴ±30%ۆ١
ѩڦε҃يɳćѻ߸қԵۆĀęٮۻ॥͟Āęٮۆ
ێěՁںঝۍॣսەؽڷǣ, Tessier ߸Ѫںۋڌॢ
ێҙ֨Β(3 - 57%, 4 - 58%, 6 - 52%, 8 - 103%, 17 - 67%)ۆąڍϔڍࢀ١ε҃ۋşʪ॰ɰ. ۋ͠ॢ
ێҙ֨ΒۆĀęəɳćѻ߸ѪۋÍəॢć۾قۆॢ
ٖॳʪەڷǣ, қԵę܁ܼьԦॢ١ΪÀɰՙٖॳں
йࠚìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ. ̚ॢধսڱ100%εşܵڷͿߣ ęॢÉęйɵʽÉۆथŒںÁÁĵॢĀę, Ahn ߸
Ѫڹ116%ٮ92%, Tessier ߸Ѫڹ129%ٮ76%ۆĀ ęε҃يAhn ߸ѪۋTessier ߸ѪقҼॠيʂߕ ۺڷͿ ধսڱۋ 100%قÀūڏìڷͿ ঝۍʼؽɰ.
21ÒʂԜࢹتقʂ३˃Àݓɳćѻ߸Ѫںۺڌ
ॢĀęəFig. 1قǣࢍǴؽɰ. Tessier ߸Ѫںۋڌ
ॢąڍ, Ͽ˜֨ΒقԴۛΪНۍ4ɳćۆҼڱۋ
Fig. 2. Correlation between Sequential extraction and Mehlich 3 leaching method.
90% ۋԜڷͿȭڹҼڱںݓ॰ڷ϶, ԜʂۺڷͿۋ ʴՁۋȭڹ1ɳć~3ɳćۆҼڱڹŕ০ййॠٕɰ. ъ ϸقAhn ߸ѪںۋڌॢąڍقəTessier ߸Ѫę əԜۋॢĀęεٕ҃ɰ. ێҙ֨Β(1~5)ۆąڍTessier
߸ѪęʴێॠóۛΪНۆҼڱۋ90%εߣę ॠəتԜں҃ۋşʪ॰ڷ϶, ۋ͠ॢۋڮͿ֨Β1ۆ
ąڍ3ɳćÀҝࠑ܁ڷͿǣࢍǣşʪॠٕɰ. Ŕ͠ǣۋ
˞ێҙ֨Βε܃ٽॢǣϢݓ16Ò֨ΒۆąڍԜʂۺ ڷͿۋʴՁۋȭڹ1~3ɳćۆҼڱۋ50~80%قۋε
܁ʪͿȭڹҼڱںݓॠيʂߕۺڷͿ1~4ɳćÀČ βóқपॠəتԜںٕ҃ɰ. ۋ͠ॢٍĵĀęəAhn
߸ѪۋࢹتǴҼՙۆܕۦεՃқজॣսەڷ
϶, Tessier ߸ѪقҼॠيԜʂۺڷͿঞąݓĵজॡۺ ڷͿڮڌॢ܁҃ε ܃ėॣս ەڼںǣࢍǶɰ.
ɳێڌѪę(Mehlich 3 ڌѪ)ۆԜěҼİ
ؘԸ˃Àݓɳćѻ߸ѪۆۺڌĀę, ࢹتǴܕۦ ॠəҼՙۆܕۦقەرԴͿԜۋॠóɰδتԜ ں҃ےںঝۍॠٕɰ. Ŕ͠ǣۋ͠ॢٍĵĀęə˃ɳ ćѻ߸ѪÂۆ Ԝʂۺۍ ۋε ǣࢍǷ Ӽۋ϶, ࢹت
ǴܕۦॠəҼՙۆۋʴʪεݔۿۺڷͿǣࢍǴəìڹ
؉ɦɰ. , Tessier ߸ѪںۋڌॢąڍϿ˜֨Βق ԴۛΪНÀʂҙқۋؽČAhn ߸ѪڹԜʂۺ ڷͿ1~4ɳćÀČδқपεٕ҃ݓχ, ۋ͠ॢٍĵĀ ęχڷͿࢹتǴҼՙۆܕۦεঝۍॠəʚەر
ʌڎۺ०ॢѓѪںԸѻॠəìڹҝÀॠɰ. ˰͆Դࢹ تڷͿҙࢢ֩НͿۆۻۋÀÀɠॢҼՙۆتںঝۍॠ şڦ३ԸѻʽMehlich 3 ڌѪںۺڌॠٕڷ϶, ۋε
цڷͿɳćѻ߸2ɳćūݓۆɀۺ॥͟ęԜěՁں
ঝۍॠٕɰ(Fig. 2). Tessier ߸ѪęMehlich 3 ڌѪ ęۆԜěқԵĀę, şڐşə1.243ڷͿMehlich 3 ڌ
Ѫقۆॢڌ͟ęTessier ߸Ѫقۆॢڌ͟ۋ
Ҽ֦ॢ ѩڦε ҃ےں ঝۍॠٕɰ. ъϸ Ahn ߸Ѫۆ
şڐşə0.072ͿǣࢍǮڷ϶, ۋս࠘əAhn ߸Ѫۋ
Mehlich 3 ڌѪقۆ३ڌʽتۆ10ѕۋԜں߸
॥ںÂۿۺڷͿǣࢍǶɰČ҇սەɰ. Ŕ͠ǣ˃ɳć ѻ߸Ѫę Mehlich 3 ڌѪÂۆԜěՁқԵĀęə
Ahn ߸ѪۋȭڹتۆԜěěć(positive correlation) ε ҃ۍъϸԜʂۺڷͿTessier ߸ѪڹǰڹԜěě ćεٕ҃ɰ. ০˃ѺսÂۆԜěěćε܁͟ۺڷͿ
ǣࢍǴəR2 ÉقԴAhn ߸Ѫڹ0.847, Tessier ߸
Ѫڹ0.445ε҃ي˃߸ѪÂۆŕϼॢۋε҃يܳ
ؽɰ. Richard(1990)ق˰βϸ, |R|0.35 ۋϸأॢԸ
ěć, 0.36|R|G 0.67 ۋϸ ۺۼॢ Ըěć, 0.68
|R|G1.00 ۋϸÌॢԸěćεÍəɰČशইॠ϶,
০0.90|R|ڹϔڍÌॢԸěćεǣࢍǶɰČॣ
սەɰ. Ahn ߸ѪۆR2Éۍ0.847ںR ÉڷͿঞԓ ॠϸ0.920ۋ϶, ˰͆ԴMehlich 3 ڌѪęAhn ߸
ѪÂقəϔڍÌॢԸěćεǣࢍǶɰČॣսەɰ.
Ā
Ahn߸Ѫقۆॢܕۦঝۍ֨1~4ɳćÀČβ óқपॠČەؽʏъϸ, Tessier ߸Ѫڹʂҙқۆ
֨ΒقԴ 4ɳć(residual fraction)À 90% ۋԜۆ ȭڹ
Ҽڱںݓ॰ɰ. Mehlich 3 ڌѪęԜěқԵںսॱ
ॢĀę̚ॢTessier ߸Ѫ(R=0.667)قҼॠيAhn ߸
Ѫ(R=0.920)ۋښˣ০ȭڹتۆԜěěćεٕ҃ɰ.
Tessier ˣ(1997)ۋ܃؋ॢѓѪڹսڌؚԜقԴت ۋ٣ڷͿܕۦॠəܼŚ՚ڙՙ˞ںʂԜڷͿČ؋ʼؽ ڷдͿ, սڌؚԜقԴԓজڼۋ٣ڷͿܕۦॠəҼՙ əۋ͠ॢѓѪۋۺ०ॠݓ؍ںսەڷ϶(Keon et al., 2001; Han et al., 2011), ۋ͠ॢۋڮͿ߯ŖܼŚ՚ۋ
؉ɨҼՙقۺ०ॢɳćѻ߸ѓѪںČ؋ॠəٍĵÀ
টь০ݕॱܼۋɰ(Tokunaga et al., 1991; Keon et al., 2001; Wensel et al., 2001; Mihaljevic et al., 2003; Ahn et al., 2005). ۋٍĵقԴə߯ŖقČ؋ʽAhn ߸Ѫ ęTessier ߸ѪںݔۿҼİ॰ڷ϶, ٍĵĀęTessier
ۆѓѪۋAhn ߸ѪقҼॠيࢹتǴҼՙۆܕۦ
εঝۍॠəʚەرԜʂۺڷͿҙۺ०ॠɰəĀęε
صؽɰ. ˰͆ԴTessier ߸ѪۋҼۻՃćۺڷͿÀ
ۤ ȇν ۋڌʼə ɳćѻ߸Ѫۋݓχ, ܼŚ՚ۋ ؉ɨ
ࢹتǴҼՙۆܕۦεঝۍॠČۙɳćѻ߸Ѫں
ۺڌॣąڍقəۋ͠ॢǴڌۋČͲʼرآॢɰ. Ŕ͠
ǣܼŚ՚١ّࢹتۆąڍҼՙٮ҄०ۺڷͿ١ّʽ
ࢹتۋψڷдͿ, ИܓæۺڷͿʴێॢࢹتق˃Àݓ
ɳćѻ߸ѪںۺڌॠəìڹϔڍҼমڱۺۍێۋʾ
սەɰ. ˰͆ԴॳҼՙٮܼŚ՚ۆܕۦεʴ֨
قঝۍÀɠॢɳێɳćѻ߸ѪۆČ؋ۋज़څॠ϶ۋ ق ˰δݓ՚ۺۍ ٍĵÀ ݕॱʼرآ ॣ ìۋɰ.
ԐԐ
ۋٍĵəॢĶġ३ěνėɳۆݓڙقۆ३սॱʼؽ ڷ϶ ۋق ÇԐ˚ςɦɰ.
ČЛॶ
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