* ⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱ, SOCᖒ܆ᩑǍᗭ, Geo-ᯙ⥥ᩑǍᝅ ᱥᯥᩑǍᬱ ([email protected])
*** ⦽ǎÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍᬱ, ŖŖÕ⇶ᩑǍᅙᇡ, əฑክঊᩑǍᝅ ᙹᕾᩑǍᬱ ([email protected])
Received December 26, 2012/ revised January 28, 2013/ accepted August 7, 2013
Copyright ⵑ 2013 by the Korean Society of Civil Engineers
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0)
ǣǣȀȀǤǤȀͳͲǤͳʹͷʹȀ ǤʹͲͳ͵Ǥ͵͵ǤͷǤͳͻͲ Ǥ ǤǤ
㛮ᛎ#⽾⮲#㰚Ⱨⴂ#Ⳃ㬚#⮎ᛆ⽾#㜋⡢㙾ⴺⴖ#⮲ጎ㰖#⛯ᡣ#⮮ጪ
ଲశ ȵࢮঃ ȵৃࣦบ ȵౖාজ
Lee, Chulho*, Park, Sangwoo**, Sohn, Byonghu***, Choi, Hangseok****
Study on Thermal Performance of Energy Textile in Tunnel
ABSTRACT
Textile-type heat exchangers installed on the tunnel walls for facilitating ground source heat pump systems, so called “energy textile”, was installed in an abandoned railroad tunnel around Seocheon, South Korea. To evaluate thermal performance of the energy textile, a series of long-term monitoring was performed by artificially applying daily intermittent cooling and heating loads on the energy textile. In the course of the experimental measurement, the inlet and outlet fluid temperatures of the energy textile, pumping rate, temperature distribution in the ground, and air temperature inside the tunnel were continuously measured. From the long-term monitoring, the heat exchange rate was recorded as in the range of 57.6~143.5 W per one unit of the energy textile during heating operation and 362.3~558.4 W per one unit during cooling operation. In addition, the heat exchange rate of energy textile was highly sensitive to a change in air temperature inside the tunnel. The field measurements were verified by a 3D computational fluid dynamics analysis (FLUENT) with the consideration of air temperature variation inside the tunnel. The verified numerical model was used to evaluate parametrically the effect of drainage layer in the energy textile.
Key words : Ground-coupled heat exchanger, Tunnel, Energy textile, Computational fluid dynamic analysis
Ⅹಾ
░ձԕᇡ᮹ḡᩕᮥ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍḡᩕԪӽႊᜅ▽a࠺ᨱ⦥⦽ᩕᨱթḡෝᮥᙹᯩ۵▮ᜅ┡ᯝ⩶┽᮹ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ(ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ)ෝ
∊ԉᕽǑᯝݡ᮹℁ࠥ⠱░ձᄞ໕ᨱ⨹Ŗ⦹ᩡ݅. ⩥ᰆᨱᖅ⊹ࡽᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᖒ܆ᮥ⠪a⦹ʑ᭥⧕Ԫႊᬕᩢŝӽႊᬕᩢᨱݡ
⦽ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥḥ⧪⦹۵࠺ᦩ░ձᄞ໕ᨱᖅ⊹ࡽḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑಽᮁ᯦/ᮁ⇽ࡹ۵ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹
᪉ࠥ, ᙽ⪹ᮁప, ░ձᄞ໕ԕᇡḡၹ᮹᪉ࠥ, ░ձԕᇡ᮹᪉ࠥෝḡᗮᱢᮝಽ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ⨹ᮥ☖⧕⩥ᰆᨱᖅ⊹ࡽᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮡӽႊ
a࠺ᨱᕽᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮁܼݚ57.6~143.5 W᮹ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥᅕᩡŁԪႊa࠺ᨱᕽ۵362.3~558.4 W᮹ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥᅕᩡ݅. ੱ⦽, ⨹đ ŝಽᇡ░░ձᨱᖅ⊹ࡽḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ᮹ᩕƱ⪹ᖒ܆ᮡ░ձԕᇡʑ᪉᮹ᄡ⪵ᨱⓑᩢ⨆ᮥၼ۵äᮝಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ੱ⦽, ᱥᔑᮁℕᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ
☖⦹ᩍ░ձԕᇡʑ᪉ᄡ⪵ෝŁಅ⦽⩥ᰆ⨹ᮥ༉ᔍ⦹ᩍᱢᬊࡽᙹ⊹⧕ᕾ༉ߙᮥá᷾⦹ᩡ݅. á᷾ࡽᙹ⊹⧕ᕾ༉ߙᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍ⎹Ⓧญ✙
ᯕܾԕᇡ᮹ᮁࠥ႑ᙹᰍᖅ⊹ᮁྕᨱෙᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕᱢÑ࠺ᨱݡ⦽ๅ}ᄡᙹᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅.
áᔪᨕ ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ, ░ձ, ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ, ᱥᔑᮁℕ⧕ᕾ
ݓъėॡ
Fig. 1. Layout of Energy Textile Constructed in Test Bed Tunnel (T: Transverse Type, L: Longitudinal Type, S: Slinky Type)
1. ᕽು
↽ɝḡǍ᪉ӽ⪵᪡ʑ⬥ᄡ⪵ᨱݡ᮲⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᖙĥᱢᮝಽᯕᔑ
⪵┥ᗭaᜅ႑⇽ᱡqŝᝁᰍᔾᨱթḡ᮹ᅕɪၰ}ၽᨱיಆᮥ
ʑᬙᯕŁᯩ݅. ✚⯩, ǎԕᨱᕽ۵‘ᝁᨱթḡၰᰍᔾᨱթḡ}ၽ, ᯕᬊ, ᅕɪⅪḥჶᱽ11᳑’ෝ☖⦹ᩍŖŖʑš᮹ᝁ⇶ੱ۵᷾}⇶
ᨱᝁᰍᔾᨱթḡෝ᮹ྕᱢᮝಽᔍᬊ☁ಾǭᰆ⦹Łᯩ݅. ḡᩕᨱթ ḡ۵ᝁᰍᔾᨱթḡᵲእŁiᖒᯕ໑⪹Ğ⊽⪵ᱢᯙᨱթḡᬱᮝಽ ᕽḡᩕᬱᮥᯕᬊ⦽ Ԫӽႊᜅ▽ᮡ݅ෙᨱթḡᬱᮥᔍᬊ⦹۵
Ԫӽႊᜅ▽ᨱእ⧕ᨱթḡ⬉ᮉᱢᯕŁ⊽⪹ĞᱢᯕŁಅᲙ
ᯩ݅(EPA, 1993). ḡᩕᨱթḡෝᯕᬊ⦽Ԫӽႊᜅ▽ᮡḡᵲ᮹
⧎᪉ᖒᮥÕྜྷ᮹Ԫӽႊᨱ⪽ᬊ⦹۵ᜅ▽ᮝಽ↽ɝᨱ۵ᨱթḡ
❭ᯝŝzᮡ☁༊Ǎ᳑ྜྷᮥᯕᬊ⦹۵ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑᨱݡ⦽ᩑǍa
ḥ⧪ࡹŁ ᯩ݅(Brandl, 2006; Laloui et al., 2006; Pahud and Hubbuch, 2007; Gao et al., 2008; Nam et al., 2008; Adam and Markiewicz, 2009; Jun et al., 2009; Baujard and Kohl, 2010; Nam and Ooka, 2011).
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᩑᵲእƱᱢᯝᱶ⦽᪉ࠥaᮁḡࡹ۵░ձԕᇡ
ḡၹᮥ⯩✙ᗭᜅ(heat source)ӹ⯩✙ᝒⓍ(heat sink)ಽ⪽ᬊ⦹ʑ
᭥⧕░ձᄞᨱ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ⩶┽᮹ᩕƱ⪹ʑ(ᯕ⦹ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ)
ෝŖ⦹ŁᰆʑᩕƱ⪹Ñ࠺ᮥ⠪a⦹ᩡ݅. ░ձᮡḡᵲᨱŖࡹ
အಽ ᩑᵲݡʑ᪉ࠥ ᄡ⪵ᨱ ᩢ⨆ᮥᱢí ၼᦥ ⧎᪉ᖒᮥᮁḡ⧁
ᙹᯩʑভྙᨱḡ⦹℁ᩎᔍ᪡zᮡŖŖᖅྜྷᨱ⪽ᬊࢁᩍḡa
ฯ݅(Brandl, 2006). ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮡ░ձ᮹ᙰⓍญ✙᪡႑ᙹᰍ
ᔍᯕੱ۵ᯕܾԕᇡᨱᩕƱ⪹ᬊ❭ᯕ⥥aᖅ⊹ࡽ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ⩶┽
᮹ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑෝ᮹ၙ⦽݅. ᷪ, ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮥḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ ಽ⪽ᬊ⦹ᩍḡᩕԪӽႊᜅ▽ᮥᬕᩢ⦹ࠥಾ⦽݅. Markiewicz (2004)۵ᮭᮝಽ‘Energy Fleece’ŁࡽḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑෝ
░ձᄞ໕ᨱᖅ⊹⦹Ł▮ᜅ┡ᯝ⩶ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ᮹ᱢᬊᖒᨱš⧕
ᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. Energy Fleece۵᪅ᜅ✙ญᦥLanze ░ձᨱ
⨹ ༊ᱢᮝಽ ᖅ⊹ࡹᨕ ᩕƱ⪹ʑ᮹ ᩕƱ⪹ ᖒ܆ ⠪aෝ ᭥⦽
⩥ᰆ⨹ᯕᰆʑeḥ⧪ࡹᨩ݅. ࠦᯝŝᩢǎᨱᕽ۵TBM ░ձ᮹
ᯕܾ ੱ۵ ᖙəຝ✙ ԕᇡᨱ ᩕƱ⪹ ❭ᯕ⥥ෝ ᔞ᯦⦹Ł ᯕෝ
░ձᄞ໕ᨱŖ⦽ᔍಡᨱݡ⧕ᅕŁ⦹ᩡ݅(Franzius and Pralle, 2011; Rehau, 2011). ⦽ၹࠥ۵ǎ☁᮹70% ᯕᔢᯕᔑᦦḡಽǍᖒ
ࡹᨕᯩʑভྙᨱࠥಽ░ձŝ℁ࠥ░ձᯕ⪽ၽ⯩ÕᖅࡹŁݡࠥ
ӹᙹࠥǭ᮹Ğᬑᨱ۵݅ᙹ᮹ḡ⦹℁░ձᯕŖࡹᨩ݅. ᕽ,
░ձᄞ໕ᨱŖ⧁ᙹᯩ۵▮ᜅ┡ᯝ⩶ᩕƱ⪹ʑෝ⪽ᬊ⧁Ğᬑ, ʑ᳕ ᙹḢ ੱ۵ ᙹ⠪ ၡ⠱⩶ ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ᪡۵ ݍญ ᩕƱ⪹ʑ
ᖅ⊹ෝ ᭥⦽ ᄥࠥ᮹ ᇡḡ᪡ Ŗእᬊᯕ ⇵aಽ ᗭࡹḡ ᦫʑ
ভྙᨱ░ձᵝᄡŖŖᖅྜྷ᮹ḡᩕԪӽႊᜅ▽Ǎ⇶ᨱ⦥⦽
ᱥℕ Ŗእ ᱡq⬉ŝෝ ʑݡ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕƱ⪹ᖒ܆ᮥ⠪a⦹ʑ᭥⧕
∊ԉᕽǑᯝݡ᮹℁ࠥ⠱░ձ(Ǎᰆ⧎ᖁ)ᨱ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ⩶ᩕƱ⪹ʑ
ෝ⨹Ŗ⦹ŁᰆʑeԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙםྙ᮹
ᩑǍ᪡šಉ⧕ᕽLee et al.(2012)ᮡ░ձᄞ໕ᨱŖࡽᙰⓍญ✙
᪡ ᯕܾ ᰍഭ᮹ ᩕᱥࠥࠥෝ ⠪a⦹Ł, ⨹ Ŗࡽ 6 case᮹
ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᨱݡ⧕⩥ᰆᩕ᮲ݖ⨹ŝ ᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ☖⦹ᩍ
bᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᔢݡᱢᯙᩕƱ⪹⬉ᮉᮥá☁⦽ၵᯩ݅.
ᅙ ᩑǍᨱᕽ۵ Lee et al.(2012)᮹ ᖁ⧪ᩑǍᨱ ᯕᨕᕽ, ᨱթḡ
▮ᜅ┡ᯝ⩶ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ᮹ᰆʑeᩕƱ⪹ᖒ܆ᮥ⠪a⦹ʑ᭥⧕
ᯙŖ Ԫӽႊ ᇡ⦹ෝ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩍ ĥ⊂ࡽ đŝෝ እƱᇥᕾ ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᷪ, ḡᩕ Ԫӽႊᜅ▽ᨱᕽ ⯩✙⟭⥥ a࠺ᨱ ෙ ᯝᯝ Ԫӽႊ
ᬕᩢᮥ༉ᔍ⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᯙŖԪӽႊᇡ⦹ෝᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᯝᯝ8e
a࠺-16eᱶḡෝၹᅖ⦹ࠥಾᯝᵝᯝeᬕᱥ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯙŖԪӽႊ
ᇡ⦹۵ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝಽᮁ᯦ࡹ۵ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹ ᪉ࠥaᯝᱶ⦹í
ᮁḡࢁᙹᯩ۵⧎᪉ᙹ᳑᪡ᙽ⪹⟭⥥, əญŁ᯦ಆࡽeᨱe⨱ᱢ
ᬕᱥᯕ a܆⦹ࠥಾ ⦹۵ ᯱ࠺ ᱥᬱ ₉݉ᰆ⊹ಽ Ǎᖒࡹᨕ ᯩ݅.
ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥ☖⧕ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮁ᯦/ᮁ⇽ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹
᪉ࠥ᪡ᮁపᮥḡᗮᱢᮝಽ⊂ᱶ⦹ᩍᙽ⪹ᙹaᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮥ
ᙽ⪹⦹۵࠺ᦩႊᩕ(Ԫႊ༉ᔍ) ੱ۵⯂ᩕ(ӽႊ༉ᔍ)ࡽᩕƱ⪹ශᮥ
ᔑᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽, ᱥᔑᮁℕ⧕ᕾ(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)ᮥ☖⧕ᯙŖԪӽႊᇡ⦹ෝ༉ᔍ⦹ᩍᯕෝĥ⊂đŝ᪡እƱ⦹
Ł ᙹ⊹⧕ᕾ ༉ߙᮥ á᷾⦹ᩍ ᯕܾ ԕᇡ᮹ ᮁࠥ ႑ᙹᰍ ᖅ⊹
ᮁྕaᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕƱ⪹ᖒ܆ᨱၙ⊹۵ᩢ⨆ᮥá☁⦹ᩡ݅.
2. ⩥ᰆԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹
2.1 ਏਏվԹ૬
ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮡ∊ԉᕽḡᩎᨱ᭥⊹⦽ⅾᩑᰆ214m ᮹℁ࠥ⠱░ձ(Ǎᰆ⧎ᖁ)ᨱ⨹Ŗࡽᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮥᯕᬊ
⦹ᩍᙹ⧪ࡹᨩ݅. ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮡ░ձᵲᦺᇡ(᯦Ǎᨱᕽ100m ᇡɝ)ᨱŖࡹᨩᮝ໑░ձ⩥ᰆᨱᖅ⊹ࡽᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮡᩕƱ
Fig. 2. Cross Section of Energy Textiles. (a) Wall-Attached Type, (b) Wall-Attached Type + Drainage Layer, (c) Centered Type, (d) Centered Type + Drainage Layer
Fig. 3. Experimental Set-Up of Thermal Perforamance Monitoring for Energy Textile
⪹❭ᯕ⥥⩶ᔢᄥಽᩕƱ⪹܆ಆᮥእƱ⦹ʑ᭥⧕Fig. 1ᨱӹ┡ԙ
3aḡ⩶┽᮹ᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥႑ᩕᯕŁಅࡹᨩ݅. bᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡
ᯝ᮹ʙᯕ۵10mᯕŁ׳ᯕ۵1.5maࡹࠥಾŖ⦹ᩡ݅. ᩕƱ⪹
❭ᯕ⥥۵ᯝၹPE(polyethylene) ❭ᯕ⥥aᔍᬊࡹᨩᮝ໑ԕĞᮡ
15mmᯕŁ❭ᯕ⥥᮹ࢱ̹۵2.5mmᯕ݅. bᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᨱ
ᔞ᯦ࡽ ᩕƱ⪹ʑ ❭ᯕ⥥᮹ ⅾ ʙᯕ۵ ᰆႊ⨆ŝ ݉ႊ⨆ ❭ᯕ⥥
႑⊹ᨱᕽ۵᧞61mᯕŁ, Slinky⩶┽ᨱᕽ۵᧞173mᯕ݅. ੱ⦽
ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝԕᇡᨱᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥᮹᭥⊹ᨱ░ձᄞ໕ᨱ
ᇡ₊⦽⩶┽(ᄞ໕ᇡ₊⩶, Case 1ŝCase 2)᪡ᯕܾԕᇡᵲᦺᨱ
᭥⊹⦹ࠥಾ⦽⩶┽(ᵲᦺ⩶, Case 3, 4, 5, 6)ಽǍᇥ⦹ᩍ႑⊹⦹ᩡ
݅(Fig. 2). Fig. 2(b)᪡(d)۵ᯕܾԕᇡᨱᖅ⊹ࡽᮁࠥ႑ᙹᰍᨱ
᮹⦽ ᩢ⨆ᮥá☁⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥ෝ ႑ᙹᰍಽ q⬥
⎹Ⓧญ✙ ᯕܾᮥ ┡ᖅ⦽ Case 1, 2, 4᮹ Ğᬑෝ ᅕᩍᵡ݅.
2.2 ଵଵ٣ٍࢺࡦॷਏ
ᯙŖԪӽႊᇡ⦹ෝᱢᬊ⦽ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹᮹}ఖࠥ۵
Fig. 3ŝz݅. bb᮹ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᨱݡ⧕ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ
⨹ᮥ}ᄥᱢᮝಽᙹ⧪⦹ᩡᮝ໑ĥᱩᄥ░ձᄞ໕᪉ࠥෝqᦩ⦹ᩍ
Ԫႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽ۵ᙽ⪹ᮁపᮥ1.5~2.0lpm(liter per minute)ᮥ
ᱢᬊ⦹Łӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽ۵0.5~1.0lpmᮥᱢᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. ᙽ⪹ᮁ
పᮡ⟭⥥᪡ᮁ᯦❭ᯕ⥥ᔍᯕᨱᖅ⊹⦽Backflow ႙ቭ᪡ᮁపĥෝ
ᔍᬊ⦹ᩍ᳑ᱩ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯙŖԪӽႊᇡ⦹ෝᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᨱᱢᬊ
⦹ʑ᭥⧕⧎᪉ᙹ᳑ෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩡᮝ໑, Ԫႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽ۵ᨱթḡ
▮ᜅ┡ᯝಽᮁ᯦ࡹ۵ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹᪉ࠥෝ30ⳃ, ӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽ۵
ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹᪉ࠥෝ5ⳃaᮁḡࡹࠥಾ᳑ᱩ⦹ᩡ݅. ᝅᱽᔢᨦᬊÕྜྷ
᮹ᯝᯝ Ԫӽႊ ᬕᩢᮥ༉ᔍ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ⧎᪉ᙹ᳑᪡ᙽ⪹ ⟭⥥ෝ
ᯝᯝ8ea࠺-16eᱶḡෝၹᅖ⦹ࠥಾ⦹ᩍᯝᵝᯝeԪႊ
⪚ᮡ ӽႊ ᬕᱥ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯝᯝ Ԫӽႊ ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥ ☖⧕ ᙽ⪹ᙹa
ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮥᙽ⪹⦹۵࠺ᦩႊᩕ(Ԫႊ༉ᔍ) ੱ۵⯂ᩕ(ӽႊ
༉ᔍ)⦽ ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥ ᔑᱶ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥḥ⧪⦹۵࠺ᦩᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝಽᮁ᯦
ࡹ۵ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹᪉ࠥ᪡ ᮁ⇽ࡹ۵ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹᪉ࠥ, ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹ᮁప,
░ձᄞ໕ԕᇡ᪉ࠥ, ░ձԕᇡʑ᪉ᮥ5ᇥ݉᭥ಽĥ⊂⦹ᩡ݅.
ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮥᙽ⪹⦹۵࠺ᦩၽᔾ(ႊᩕੱ۵⯂ᩕ)⦽݉᭥e
ݚᩕƱ⪹ప(qt)ᮡᵝಽ░ձԕᇡŖʑෝ☖⦽ᩕƱ⪹(qa)ŝḡᵲᮝ ಽ᮹ ᩕƱ⪹(qg)ᨱ ᮹⧕ ᯕᨕḡ۵ߑ ᯕ۵ ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮥ
Table 1. Summary of Simulation Results for Daily Heating and Cooling Operation
Type of Energy textile Heating operation (W) Cooling operation (W)
Max. Min. Avg. Air* (
oC) Max. Min. Avg. Air* (
oC)
Case 1 T, attached, Drainage 76.5 5.35 58.2 11.8 775.3 73.2 362.3 18.6
Case 2 L, attached, Drainage 234.1 1 98.6 8.4 591.3 125.8 366.1 19.5
Case 3 T, centered 406.9 1 94.6 5.8 783.9 255.2 508.8 19.8
Case 4 L, centered 224.5 1 80.5 5.3 650.9 189.2 401.9 19.5
Case 5 L, centered, Drainage 250.0 19.9 143.5 8.1 929.2 124.1 416.8 14.9
Case 6 Slinky, centered 148.3 13.6 57.6 8.2 1371 122.4 558.4 14.4
Air* indicates an average air temperature inside the tunnel
(a) Heating Operation
(b) Cooling Operation
Fig. 4. Field Measurements of Case 2 for Daily Heating/Cooling Operation
ᙽ⪹⦹۵ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹ᮁ᯦Ǎ᪉ࠥ(Ti)᪡ᮁ⇽Ǎ᪉ࠥ(To)᮹₉᪡ᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹ḩపᮁᗮ(m)ŝእᩕ(C)᮹Œᮝಽ(1)ŝzᯕӹ┡ԝᙹ
ᯩ݅. Ԫӽႊ ᜅ▽ᮥ a࠺⦹۵ ࠺ᦩ(8e) ၽᔾ⦽ ݉᭥e
ݚᩕƱ⪹పᮥᔑᚁ⠪Ɂ⦽⬥ᯕෝᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹⠪ɁᩕƱ⪹
ශಽ⢽⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽, Ԫႊŝӽႊᬕᩢၽᔾ⦹۵ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥ
ᔢ⪙እƱ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᩕƱ⪹ශᮡ ᱩݡsᮝಽ ⢽⩥⦹ᩡ݅.
qt = qa + qg = CmⱀT = Cm(Ti-To) (1)
3. ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᩕƱ⪹ᖒ܆⠪a
ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽӹ┡ӽᩕƱ⪹ශ᮹↽ݡsŝ↽ᗭs,
⠪ɁᩕƱ⪹ශəญŁ⨹ʑe࠺ᦩ⊂ᱶࡽ░ձԕᇡ⠪Ɂʑ᪉ᮥ
Table 1ᨱ ᱶญ⦹ᩡ݅. ᯝᯝ Ԫӽႊ ༉ᔍ⨹ᮡ ࠺ᱩʑ ӽႊŝ
⦹ᱩʑԪႊʑ᪉ࠥ᳑Õᮥᱢᱩ⦹íၹᩢ⧁ᙹᯩࠥಾ2ᬵᇡ
░4ᬵʭḡӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡŁ7ᬵᇡ░10ᬵʭḡ۵Ԫႊ
༉ᔍ⨹ᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹đŝෝ☖⧕ᔑᱶࡽ
ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥᬕᱥ᳑Õᨱෙbᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕƱ⪹ᖒ܆ᮝ ಽ⠪a⦹ᩡ݅. ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹đŝ, ӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹᮹Ğᬑ
ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ ᩕƱ⪹ශᮡ 57.6~143.5Wಽ ӹ┡ԍŁ Ԫႊ
༉ᔍ⨹᮹ Ğᬑ 362.3~558.4Wಽ ӽႊ ༉ᔍ᮹ ⨹ đŝᅕ݅
ݡℕᱢᮝಽⓍíӹ┡ԍ݅. ੱ⦽, bᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹⠪Ɂӽႊ
ᩕƱ⪹ශᮡ88.8W, ⠪ɁԪႊᩕƱ⪹ශᮡ453.7Wಽӹ┡ԍ݅.
ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ Case 2ᨱ ݡ⦽ eᨱ ෙ ⩥ᰆ ĥ⊂đŝ᪡
ᔑᱶࡽ ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥ ݡ⢽ᱢᮝಽ Fig. 4᪡ 5ᨱ ӹ┡ԩ݅.
ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽŁಅ⦽℁ࠥ⠱░ձ᮹ĞᬑԪႊ᳑Õᯕӽႊ᳑Õ
Fig. 6. Effect of Temperature Difference Between Air and Circulating Fluid
Fig. 5. Heat Exchagne Rate of Case 2
ᅕ݅ᔢݡᱢᮝಽᩕƱ⪹ශᯕ׳íӹ┡ԍ݅. ࠺ᱩʑӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹
ᨱᕽ۵ ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ ᮁ᯦ᙹ᮹ ᪉ࠥa 5ⳃᯝ ভ ░ձ ԕᇡ
⠪Ɂʑ᪉ᮡ5.3~11.8ⳃಽᮁ᯦ᙹ᪉ࠥ᪡0.3~6.8ⳃ₉ᯕෝᅕᩡ݅.
ၹ໕ᨱ⦹ᱩʑԪႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽ۵, ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮁ᯦ᙹ᮹
᪉ࠥa30ⳃᯝভ░ձԕᇡ⠪Ɂʑ᪉ᮡ14.4~19.8ⳃಽᮁ᯦ᙹ᮹
᪉ࠥ᪡ 10.2~15.6ⳃ ₉ᯕෝ ᅕᩡ݅.
ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮡ Ǎ᳑ᱢ ✚ᖒᔢ, ᩕƱ⪹ ❭ᯕ⥥a እƱᱢ
᧨ᮡࢱ̹᮹ᯕܾᮝಽߏᩍᯩʑভྙᨱ░ձԕᇡŖʑ᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥ
ၼʑᛞ݅. ᯕ۵ᩕƱ⪹ʑᖅ⊹⩶┽aᮁᔍ⦽ᙹ⠪⩶ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ ᮹ᖅĥݡʑ᪉ࠥ᮹ᄡ⪵ෝᵝᖅĥᯙᯱಽŁಅ⦹۵äŝ
zᮡ ๆᯕ݅. ᅙ םྙ᮹ ᯝᯝ Ԫӽႊ ༉ᔍ⨹ ᵲ ░ձ ԕᇡ
⠪Ɂʑ᪉ŝᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮁ᯦ᙹ᮹᪉ࠥ₉۵ӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱ ᕽ2.9ⳃ, Ԫႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽ9.2ⳃಽԪႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽ᪉ࠥ₉a
ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ⍙݅. ᯕ᪉ࠥ₉۵ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᨱᕽᩕƱ⪹ᮥၽᔾ
┍ᙹᯩ۵ᨱթḡ⡍▱ᖽ₉ᯕෝ᮹ၙ⦹အಽᅙᩑǍđŝᨱᕽ
Ԫႊ ⭉ᦍ ᬑᙹ⦽ ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥ ᮡ ᔍᝅᮥ ᖅ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
ᯕ šĥෝ ⪶⦹í ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ Ԫӽႊ ༉ᔍ ⨹ ᵲ ░ձ ԕᇡ
⠪Ɂ ʑ᪉ŝ ᮁ᯦ᙹ᮹ ᪉ࠥ₉ᯕෝ b ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ ⠪Ɂ
ᩕƱ⪹ශŝእƱ⦹໕, Fig. 6ᨱӹ┡ԙၵ᪡zᯕ░ձԕᇡ⠪Ɂ
ʑ᪉ŝᮁ᯦ᙹ᮹᪉ࠥ₉a᷾a⧁ᙹಾᨱթḡ┾ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹⠪Ɂ
ᩕƱ⪹ශᯕ᷾a⦹۵äᮥᙹᯩ݅. Baujard and Kohl(2010)۵
ᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ☖⧕░ձᨱᖅ⊹ࡽᩕƱ⪹ʑᨱᕽၽᔾ⦹۵ᱥℕ݉᭥
eݚᩕƱ⪹ప᮹1/3~1/2 aపᯕ░ձԕᇡŖʑಽᱥݍࡽ݅Ł
ᅕŁ⦽ၵᯩ݅. ə్အಽ░ձԕᇡʑ᪉ᮡᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹
ᵲ⦽ᖅĥᯙᯱಽŁಅࡹᨕ⦹໑░ձԕᇡ᪉ࠥ᮹ᩑeᄡ⪵ෝ
ᖅĥᨱၹᩢ⧕⦽݅. ᅙᩑǍᨱᕽᱢᬊ⦽℁ࠥ⠱░ձ᮹ԕᇡ
ʑ᪉ᄡ⪵ෝŁಅ⦹໕, Ԫႊᙽ⪹(ᩍ)ᯕӽႊᙽ⪹(ĉᬙ)ᨱእ⧕
⠪Ɂᱢᮝಽ ᧞ 5႑᮹ ⠪Ɂ ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥ ʑݡ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
⩥ᰆ⨹ᨱᕽᔢݡᱢᮝಽᬑᙹ⦽ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥᅕᩍᵝ۵Ԫႊ᳑
Õᨱᕽ ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ ᩕƱ⪹ ❭ᯕ⥥ ʙᯕݚ ᩕƱ⪹ශᮡ
5~10W/m ჵ᭥ෝw۵݅. ᯕ۵Johnston et al.(2011)ᯕᅕŁ⦽
ʑ᳕ၡ⠱⩶ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ᮹݉᭥ᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥ʙᯕݚᩕƱ⪹ශ (5~50W/m)᮹ ⦹⦽ ჵ᭥ᨱ ⧕ݚ⦹۵ äᮝಽ ░ձ ԕᇡ ʑ᪉᮹
ᩢ⨆ᮝಽᯙ⧕ᯝၹḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑᨱእ⧕ᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥ʙᯕݚ
ᩕƱ⪹⬉ᮉᯕԏí⠪aࡹᨩ݅. ⦹ḡอ, ḡ⦹℁░ձŝzᯕḡᔢŝ
݉ᱩࡽ ░ձ᮹ ԕᇡ ʑ᪉ᮡ እƱᱢ ᩑᵲ ⧎᪉ᖒᯕ ᮁḡࡹအಽ
ᅙםྙᨱᕽᨕḥ5~10W/m ჵ᭥ᅕ݅ⓑᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹
ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥ ʑݡ⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮥ äᯕ݅.
4. ᱥᔑᮁℕᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ☖⦽ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕÑ࠺⠪a
4.1 ౿ැজࡦ܄ࠫ
⩥ᰆ ⨹᳑Õᮥ ༉ᔍ⦽ ᱥᔑᮁℕ⧕ᕾ(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) ᙹ⊹༉ߙᮥ á᷾⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ⩥ᰆ ⨹đŝ᪡
እƱ⦹Łá᷾ࡽᙹ⊹༉ߙᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᯕܾԕᇡᨱᖅ⊹ࡽᮁࠥ
႑ᙹᰍa ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ ᩕᱥݍ Ñ࠺ᨱ ၙ⊹۵ ᩢ⨆ᨱ ݡ⦽
Table 2. Material Properties of Energy Textile for Numerical Analysis
Property Ground Tunnel wall Concrete lining PE Pipe Fluid
Density (kg/m
3) 1,820 2,300 2,288 950 998.2
Heat capacity (J/kg·K) 1,480 750 960 2,302 4,182
Thermal conductivity (W/m·K) 2.5 1.7 3.09 0.4 0.6
Viscosity (kg/m·s) - - - - 0.001
(a) Cross Section (b) 3D Configuration
Fig. 7. Numerical Modeling of Energy Textile for Simulating Long-Term Monitoring Test
Fig. 8. Simplified Tunnel Air Temperature Variation (Case 5)
ๅ}ᄡᙹᩑǍෝᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. ᱥᔑᮁℕᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮡᮁ⦽ℕᱢჶᮥʑၹᮝಽ⦹۵ᔢᬊ⥥ಽəఉᯙFLUENT(ANSYS, 2010)ෝᱢᬊ
⦹ᩡŁᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᨱᱢᬊࡽᰍഭ᮹᯦ಆྜྷᖒ⊹ෝTable 2ᨱᱶญ⦹
ᩡ݅. ░ձᄞ໕ŝ⎹Ⓧญ✙ᯕܾ᮹ྜྷᖒᮡʑ᳕ྙ⨭ᨱᕽᱽ⦽
sᮥ ᔍᬊ⦹ᩡ݅(Gil et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2011, 2012;
Engineering Toolbox website). ✚⯩, ⎹Ⓧญ✙ᯕܾᮡ⩥ᰆ
Ŗ᳑Õᮥ Łಅ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ Ŗ , ⩥ᰆᨱᕽ
₥≉⦽⎹Ⓧญ✙ഭෝᝅԕᨱᕽ᧲ᔾ⦹ᩍᯕย᮹ᩕᱥࠥࠥෝ
⊂ᱶ⦹ᩡ݅. ᧲ᔾ⬥Õ᳑ᔢ┽ᨱᕽ᮹⎹Ⓧญ✙ᯕܾ᮹ᩕᱥࠥࠥ
۵ Lee et al.(2012)ᯕ ᱽ⦽ 3.09W/m쨖Kෝ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩡ݅.
FLUENTෝᯕᬊ⦹ᩍᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮥ༉ᔍ⦹ʑ᭥⦽ᙹ⊹⧕
ᕾ༉ߙᮡFig. 7ŝz݅. ⩥ᰆ⨹᳑Õŝ࠺ᯝ⦹íbᨱթḡ
▮ᜅ┡ᯝᨱᔞ᯦ࡽᩕƱ⪹ʑ❭ᯕ⥥᮹ⅾʙᯕ۵ᰆႊ⨆ŝ݉ႊ⨆
❭ᯕ⥥ ႑⊹ᨱᕽ ᧞ 61mಽ ༉ߙย⦹ᩡ݅. ੱ⦽, ᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᨱᕽ
⧕ᕾĊᯱ᮹ᙹaŝ݅⦹í ᷾a⦹۵äᮥႊḡ⦹ᩍ⧕ᕾeᮥ
⧊ญᱢᮝಽ݉⇶⦹ʑ᭥⧕ᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥ෝḢᱲĊᯱ⪵⦹ḡᦫŁ, FLUENTᨱᕽ ᱽŖ⦹۵ Wall-Thickness Functionᮥ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩍ
݉ᙽ⪵⦹ᩡ݅. ᩕƱ⪹ ❭ᯕ⥥ ԕ ᙽ⪹ ᮁℕ᮹ ⮱ᮡ ӽඹ༉ߙ
ᵲᨱ⦹ӹᯙⱞ-ⱙ༉ߙ(Launder and Spalding, 1972)ᮥᱢᬊ⦹ᩡ݅.
ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ ԕ ᔞ᯦ࡹᨕ ᩕƱ⪹ ❭ᯕ⥥ෝ q۵ ᮁࠥ
႑ᙹᰍaᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕᱥݍ⬉ᮉᨱၙ⊹۵ᩢ⨆ᮥ⠪a⦹
ʑ ᭥⧕ ႑ᙹᰍ ᇡᇥᮡ ⎹Ⓧญ✙ ᯕܾŝ zᮡ vℕ(solid)ಽ
༉ᔍ⦹Łᔢݡᱢᮝಽๅᬑԏᮡᩕᱥࠥࠥ(0.1W/m쨖K)ෝᱢᬊ⦹ᩡ
݅. eᨱෙ░ձԕᇡʑ᪉᮹ᄡ⪵ෝᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᨱᕽᨱթḡ
▮ᜅ┡ᯝ ᇡ Ğĥ᳑Õᮝಽ ᱢᬊ⦹ʑ ᭥⧕ ᯝᯝ Ԫӽႊ ༉ᔍ
⨹ᵲ⊂ᱶ⦽░ձԕᇡʑ᪉ᮥFig. 8(Case 5)ŝzᯕeᨱ
ෙ ᔝb⧉ᙹ ⩶┽ಽ ݉ᙽ⪵⦹ᩍ ᯕܾ ᇡᨱ eᨱ ෙ
᪉ࠥĞĥ᳑Õᮝಽᱢᬊ⦹ᩡ݅. ░ձᄞ໕ŝḡၹ᮹Ⅹʑ᪉ࠥ۵
b ⩥ᰆ ⨹, ⊂ᱶ⦽ ḡၹ᮹ ⠪Ɂ᪉ࠥෝ ᱢᬊ⦹ᩡ݅.
Fig. 9. Comparison of Outlet Temperature Between Field Measurement and Numerical Analysis (Case 5: Longitudinal Type, Centered, With Drainage)
Fig. 10. Effect of Drainage Layer on Outlet Temperature Variation (Case 2: Longitudinal Type, Wall-Attached)
Fig. 11. Effect of Drainage Layer on Heat Exchange Rate (Case 2:
Longitudinal Type, Wall-Attached)
4.2 ౿ැজէր
ᦿᕽ3ᰆᨱᕽ6aḡᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᨱݡ⧕ᙹ⧪⦽ᯝᯝԪӽႊ
༉ᔍ⨹ŝ࠺ᯝ⦽᳑Õᨱ ݡ⧕ᱥᔑᮁℕᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥᙹ⧪⦹ᩍ
đŝsᮥእƱ⦹ᩡ݅. ᅙםྙᨱᕽ۵ḡ໕ᱽ⦽ᔢCase 5(ᰆႊ⨆, ᵲᦺ⩶, ႑ᙹᰍ)᮹⩥ᰆ⨹đŝᵲԪႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽ⊂ᱶ⦽
ᮁ⇽ᙹ᪉ࠥ(Outlet temperature)᪡ᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ☖⧕ᔑᱶࡽᮁ⇽
ᙹ᪉ࠥෝFig. 9ᨱݡ⢽ᱢᮝಽእƱ⦹ᩡ݅. Case 5᮹⩥ᰆԪႊ
༉ᔍ⨹ ᵲᨱ ⊂ᱶ⦽ ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ Ⅹʑ ᮁ᯦ᙹ᮹ ᪉ࠥ
(27~28ⳃ)᪡Ⅹʑḡᵲ᪉ࠥ(14.5ⳃ)ෝᙹ⊹⧕ᕾ᮹Ⅹʑsᮝಽ࠺
ᯝ⦹íᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᙹ⊹⧕ᕾ༉ߙᮥá᷾⦹ᩡ݅. Table 2ᨱᱽࡽ
ʑ᳕ ྙ⨭ŝ ᝅ⨹ᮥ ☖⧕ ⊂ᱶࡽ ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ Ǎᖒᗭ᮹
ྜྷᖒ⊹ෝᱢᬊ⦹ᩍᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥᙹ⧪⦽đŝ, ᅙםྙᨱᕽᱢᬊ⦽
ᱥᔑᮁℕ ᙹ⊹⧕ᕾ ༉ߙᯕ ᯝᯝ Ԫႊ ༉ᔍ⨹ đŝෝ እƱᱢ
ᱶ⪶⦹í ᩩ⊂⧁ ᙹ ᯩᮭᮥ ᙹ ᯩ݅(Fig. 9).
Case 5ᨱᕽᙹ⧪⦽░ձŝᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝǍᖒᗭ᮹ྜྷᖒ⊹
᪡Ğĥ᳑Õᮥᯕᬊ⦹ᩍCase 2(ᰆႊ⨆, ᄞ໕ᇡ₊)ᨱݡ⧕ᮁࠥ
႑ᙹᰍ ᮁྕᨱ ෙ ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ ᩕÑ࠺ᨱ ݡ⦽ ๅ}ᄡᙹ
⧕ᕾᮥ ᙹ⧪⦹ᩡ݅. Case 2᮹ ᯝᯝ Ԫႊ ༉ᔍ⨹ᨱᕽ ⊂ᱶ⦽
ᨱթḡ ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ ᮁ⇽ᙹ ᪉ࠥ᪡ ᙹ⊹⧕ᕾ đŝෝ Fig. 10ᨱᕽ
እƱ⦹ᩡ݅. Case 2᮹ ⩥ᰆ ⨹ , ░ձ ԕᇡ᮹ ⠪Ɂ ʑ᪉ᮡ
᧞19.5ⳃᩡ݅. ŖࡽCase 2 ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮡᮁࠥ႑ᙹᰍa
ᖅ⊹ࡹḡᦫᮡ᳑Õᯕḡอᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᨱᕽ۵⩥ᰆŝ࠺ᯝ⦹í႑ᙹ ᰍaᨧ۵᳑Õŝ⇵aᱢᮝಽ႑ᙹᰍෝŁಅ⦽᳑Õᨱݡ⦽⧕ᕾᮥ
ᙹ⧪⦹ᩍ႑ᙹᰍᮁྕᨱෙᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᮁ⇽ᙹ᪉ࠥෝ
⩥ᰆ⨹đŝ᪡እƱ⦹ᩡ݅. ᮁࠥ႑ᙹᰍaᖅ⊹ࡽĞᬑ۵ᩕƱ⪹
❭ᯕ⥥ ᇡᨱ ᩕᱢ ݉ᮥ ʑ⦹ᩍ ᮁࠥ ႑ᙹᰍa ᖅ⊹ࡹḡ
ᦫᮡĞᬑᨱእ⧕ᇡ᪡᮹ᩕƱ⪹ශᯕqᗭ⦹ᩍᮁ⇽ᙹ᪉ࠥa
ᔢݡᱢᮝಽ ׳ᮡ äᮥ Fig. 10ᨱᕽ ⪶ᯙ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
Fig. 11ᮡᱥᔑᮁℕᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ☖⧕ᔑᱶࡽ႑ᙹᰍᮁྕᨱෙ
ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕƱ⪹ශᮥእƱ⦹ᩍᅕᩍᵡ݅. ႑ᙹᰍaᖅ⊹
ࡽ ᳑Õᨱᕽ ⠪Ɂ ᩕƱ⪹ශᮡ 445.6WᯕŁ ႑ᙹᰍa ᖅ⊹ࡹḡ
ᦫᮡ᳑Õᨱᕽ⠪ɁᩕƱ⪹ශᮡ480.9Wᯕ݅. ᷪ, ႑ᙹᰍaᖅ⊹ࡹ
ḡ ᦫᮡ Ğᬑᨱᕽ۵ ᩕᱢ ݉Ǎeᯕ ᳕ᰍ⦹ḡ ᦫᦥ ႑ᙹᰍa
ᖅ⊹ࡽ᳑Õᨱእ⦹ᩍᩕƱ⪹ශᯕ⠪Ɂ8%ᱶࠥⓍíᔑᱶࡹᨩ݅.
ੱ⦽, ᝅᱽḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑÑ࠺ŝ࠺ᯝ⦹íԪႊᯝᙹa᷾aࢉᨱ
ḡၹ᮹᪉ࠥ᪡ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝԕᇡ᮹ᙽ⪹ᙹ᪉ࠥa᪥ᱥ⯩
⫭ᅖࡹḡᦫᦥᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕƱ⪹ශᯕᱱ₉qᗭ⦹۵Ğ⨆
ᮥᅕᯙ݅. ⦹ḡอ, ᮁࠥ႑ᙹᰍaᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕƱ⪹܆ಆᨱ
ၙ⊹۵ᩢ⨆ᮡ░ձԕᇡʑ᪉ŝᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥ԕᙽ⪹ᙹ᪉ࠥ₉ᨱ
ݍḩᙹᯩ݅. ᷪ, ░ձԕᇡʑ᪉ŝᙽ⪹ᙹ᮹᪉ࠥ₉a
ⓕĞᬑ, ᮁࠥ႑ᙹᰍ۵ᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥᮹ᩕƱ⪹ᮥႊ⧕⦹۵ᩕᱢ
݉ ᗭಽ ᯲ᬊ⧁ ᙹ ᯩ݅.
5. đು
ᅙםྙᨱᕽ۵℁ࠥ⠱░ձԕᇡᄞ໕ᨱ6 ᮁܼ᮹ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ
⩶ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑෝ⨹Ŗ⦹ᩍ⩥ᰆԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥ☖⧕b
ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕƱ⪹ᖒ܆ᮥᔑᱶ⦹Łᱥᔑᮁℕ(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) ᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ☖⧕⩥ᰆ⨹ᮥ༉ᔍ⦹ᩍ
ᮁࠥ႑ᙹᰍᖅ⊹ᮁྕᨱෙᩢ⨆ᮥá☁⦹ᩡ݅. ᯕෝ☖⧕݅ᮭŝ
zᮡ đುᮥ ࠥ⇽⦹ᩡ݅.
(1) ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥ☖⧕ᔑᱶࡽᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹⠪Ɂ
ᩕƱ⪹ශᮡӽႊa࠺ᯙĞᬑ88.8W, Ԫႊa࠺ᯙĞᬑ435.7W ಽӹ┡ԍ݅. ᵝ᯦᪉ࠥ᪡░ձԕᇡʑ᪉᮹᪉ࠥ₉aᔢݡᱢᮝ ಽ ⓑ Ԫႊ ༉ᔍᨱᕽ ᩕƱ⪹ශᯕ Ⓧí ᔑᱶࡽ ᱱᮥ Łಅ⧁
ভ, ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮡ░ձԕᇡʑ᪉᮹ᩢ⨆ᮥⓍíၼ۵
äᮝಽ ӹ┡ԍ݅.
(2) ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥ʙᯕݚᩕƱ⪹ශᮡ5~10 W/m ჵ᭥ෝw۵݅. ᯕ۵ʑ᳕ྙ⨭ᨱᕽᱽ⦽ၡ⠱⩶ḡᵲᩕ
Ʊ⪹ʑ᮹ᩕƱ⪹❭ᯕ⥥ʙᯕݚᩕƱ⪹ශ(5~50W/m)᮹⦹⦽
ჵ᭥ᨱ⧕ݚ⦽݅. ᯕđŝ۵░ձᨱŖࡽᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᮡ
ᙹ⠪ ၡ⠱⩶ ḡᵲᩕƱ⪹ʑ᪡ ᮁᔍ⦹í ░ձ᮹ ԕᇡ ʑ᪉ᨱ
ᩢ⨆ᮥၼᦥḡၹੱ۵ḡᵲ᮹⧎᪉ᖒᮥᙹḢၡ⠱⩶ḡᵲᩕƱ
⪹ʑӹᨱթḡ❭ᯝᨱእ⧕∊ᇥ⯩⪽ᬊ⦹ḡ༜⦹ʑভྙᯕ݅.
(3) ᅙםྙᨱᕽᱢᬊ⦽ᱥᔑᮁℕᙹ⊹⧕ᕾ༉ߙᮡ⨹Ŗࡽ
░ձ⩥ᰆᨱᕽᙹ⧪⦽ᯝᯝԪӽႊ༉ᔍ⨹ᮥእƱᱢᱶ⪶⦹
íᩩ⊂⧁ᙹᯩᮝအಽ݅᧲⦽⩶ᔢ᮹ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝ᮹ᩕᱢ
Ñ࠺ᩩ⊂ᮥ᭥⧕ᱥᔑᮁℕᙹ⊹⧕ᕾᮥ∊ᇥ⯩ᱢᬊ⧁ᙹᯩᮭ
ᮥ ᔍ⦽݅.
(4) ࠺ᯝ⦽ᨱթḡ▮ᜅ┡ᯝᨱݡ⧕ᙹ⧪⦽ๅ}ᄡᙹ⧕ᕾđŝ, ႑ᙹᰍ ᮁྕᨱ ෙ ᩕƱ⪹ශᮡ ႑ᙹᰍa ᖅ⊹ࡽ ᳑Õᨱᕽ
445.6WᯕŁ႑ᙹᰍaᖅ⊹ࡹḡᦫᮡ᳑Õᨱᕽ480.9W ᩡ݅.
ᷪ, ᵝᨕḥ᳑Õᨱᕽ႑ᙹᰍaᖅ⊹ࡹḡᦫᮡĞᬑᨱ۵ᩕᱢ
݉Ǎeᯕ ᳕ᰍ⦹ḡ ᦫᦥ ႑ᙹᰍa ᖅ⊹ࡽ Ğᬑᨱ እ⦹ᩍ
ᩕƱ⪹ශᯕ ⠪Ɂ 8%ᱶࠥ Ⓧí ᔑᱶࡹᨩ݅.
qᔍ᮹ɡ
ᅙᩑǍ۵ǎ☁Ʊ☖ᇡÕᖅƱ☖ŝ⦺ʑᚁḥ⯆ᬱ᮹ÕᖅʑᚁᩑǍ }ၽᔍᨦ(⧕ᱡ░ձᩑǍ݉, 13ÕᖅᩑǍT01)᮹ḡᬱŝ⦽ǎÕᖅʑ ᚁᩑǍᬱᵝᔍᨦ(ᬕᬊᵲŖe⪶ᰆᯕa܆⦽ḡ⦹Ǖ₊ၰᦩᱶ⪵
ʑᚁ}ၽ)᮹ḡᬱᮝಽᙹ⧪ࡹᨩᮝ໑, ᯕᨱʫᮡqᔍෝऽพܩ݅.
