The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol. 29, No. 5 (Suppl. 1)
WCIM 2014 SEOUL KOREA 423
Slide Session
OS-050 Miscellaneous
Smoking Patterns and Nicotine Dependence of North Korean Male Defectors
Sei Won Kim1, Sang Haak Lee2
The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary`s Hospital, Korea1, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea2
Background: Cigarette smoking in South Korea population has decreased substantial- ly. In 1995, the smoking rate of South Korean men was 73.0%, while the number was decreased to 44.9% in 2012. However, smoking rate and patterns of North Korea pop- ulation are mostly unknown. From WHO report (2009), smoking rate of North Korean men was 58%. Now in South Korea, more than 20,000 North Korean defectors settle down and we can estimate the current situation of North Korea from them.
Methods: All North Korean defectors spend their fi rst three months in South Korea in a facility learning to cope with their new home. We retrospectively analyzed the questionnaire which was done from North Korean male defectors in this facility during August 2012 to February 2014. The questionnaire consist of brief personal information, smoking history, Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and Kano test for social nic- otine dependence.
Results: From 272 men, there were 84.2% current smokers, 12.5% ex-smokers and 3.3% ever-smokers. Mean age was 35.8±11.3 (19~65) and start age of smoking was 18.2±4.8 (7~46). Smoking amount was 0.68±0.37 pack per day with 17.0±10.7 years of smoking. Without 12 people who didn’t answer, 78.08% had a family member smoking. Within 229 current smokers, 66.1% have ever tried to stop smoking and 65.1% answered to be interested in stop smoking. Fagerstrom test and Kano test for current smokers showed 3.35±2.26 (Cronbach’s a : 0.62) and 13.75±4.85 (Cronbach’s a : 0.68), respectively.
Conclusions: Smoking rate of North Korean men was higher than our expectation and previous data. Although the interest of smoking cessation was high, the result of Kano test suggests that one-way teaching of smoking cessation by doctors can cause resistance. Further investigation needed to fi nd diverse effi cient methods of smoking cessation for North Korean smokers.
OS-051 Miscellaneous
The Association of Cigarette Smoking and Mental Health in Korean
Jae-Woo Jung1, Jae Chol Choi1, Jong Wook Shin1, In Won Park1, Byoung Whui Choi1, Jae Yeol Kim1,2, Korean Smoking Cessation Study Group2
Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Korea1, Korean Smoking Cessation Study Group, Korea2 Background: Many studies investigated that smoking is the major cause of various physical illnesses, but the relationship between smoking status and mental health including suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts was not studied. This study was con- ducted to evaluate whether cigarette smoking status was related with mental health including suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts in Korean adult population.
Methods: We used data from the fourth and fifth annual South Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Korean NHANES IV) conducted in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. From a total of 45,811 subjects, 32,184 adult subjects who were at least 19 years of age were included in the study population. The correlation between smoking status and mental health using questionnaires about mental health, cigarette smoking and diagnosis of major depressive disorder were analyzed. They were adjusted by age, income, education and marital state.
Results: In male, current smoker was 42.4%, former smoker 38.9% and non smoker 18.7% and in female, 5.9%, 5.6% and 88.4%. Age, quartile of income, education state and marital state were different according to smoking status (P<0.001). In male and female, perceived stress was higher and EQ-VAS in current smoker was lower than those in non smoker (P<0.001). The incidence of major depressive disorder in current smoker female was higher than that in non smoker female (8.4% vs. 4.5%, OR=1.945, 95% CI: 1.536-2.463). In female, current smoker had higher prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts in last year compared with non smoker (OR=1.912, 95%
CI: 1.659-2.203, OR=3.930, 95% CI: 2.701-5.719, respectively).
Conclusion: In the current study, current smoking was signifi cantly related with major depressive disorder, depression symptom and suicidal ideation and attempts in Korean females.
OS-052 Miscellaneous
Effect of Second Hand Smoke Exposure on Adult Health: A Cross-Sectional Study
Young Sik Park1, Chang-Hoon Lee1, Yu-Il Kim2, Chul Min Ahn3, Ju Ock Kim4, Ju-Heon Park5, Sang Haak Lee6, Jae Yeol Kim7, Eun Mi Chun8, Tae-Hoon Jung9, Kwang-Ha Yoo10 Seoul National University Hospital, Korea1, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National Univer- sity Hospital, Korea2, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea3, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Korea4, Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Korea5, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Korea6, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung- Ang University College of Medicine, Korea7, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Korea8, Chilgok Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Korea9, Depart- ment of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University, Korea10
Background: To assess the physical and psychological effects of exposure to second hand smoking (SHS) in adult.
Methods: The data were collected from Korean National Health and Nutrition Exam- ination Survey (KNHANES-V) from 2010 to 2012. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between SHS exposure and physical and psychological parameters.
Results: From KNHANES-V data, we enrolled the population aged 20 years or older years, and defi ned detailed smoking history. Among them, never smokers were recruit- ed (N=10,340). We divided total subjects into two groups according to SHS exposure:
SHS (+) and SHS (-). Serum levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd) were signifi cantly ele- vated in SHS (+) compared to SHS (-). SHS (+) was associated with asthma and atopic dermatitis, statistically significant (P<0.05). Increased time of sleep, recognition of stress, depressive mood and thought of suicide were associated with SHS (+).
Conclusions: Exposure to second hand smoking was significantly associated with physical and mental health in adult. For the improvement of public health, second hand smoke should be regulated.
OS-053 COPD
Factors Associated with Smokers’ will for Smoking Cessation in Korea
Ah Young Leem1, Chang Hoon Han2, Chul Min Ahn3, Tae-Hoon Jung4, Yu-Il Kim5, Jae Yeol Kim6, Sang Haak Lee7, Eun Mi Chun8, Kwang-Ha Yoo9, Ji Ye Jung1, Korean Smoking Cessation Study Group10
Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Severance Hospi- tal, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea1, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Med- icine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Korea2, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea3, Chilgok Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Korea4, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Korea5, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Korea6, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Korea7, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Korea8, Depart- ment of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University, Korea9, Korean Smoking Cessation Study Group, Korea10 Background: Smoking is known to increase the risk of chronic disease. Understanding of factors that contribute to smoking cessation may help to develop strategies for smoking behavior change.
Methods: Pooled cross-sectional data of 11,924 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II-V were analyzed. The stages of change in smoking cessation were categorized into pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation. Baseline characteristics, socioeconomic factors, quality of life, psychologi- cal characteristics, and tobacco-related factors were compared between the groups.
Results: The study population consisted of 32.4% in pre-contemplation, 54.4% in contemplation, and 13.1% in preparation group. While the proportion for pre-contem- plation group (37.4% to 28.4%) tended to decrease from 2001 to 2012, that of prepa- ration group (6.4% to 18.1%) tended to increase. The mean age of pre-contemplation group (48.4±16.2) is higher than comtemplation and preparation group (42.2±13.9 and 44.4±15.3; P=0.02). As levels of education and income status increased, the proportion of pre-contemplation tended to decrease, and that of preparation tended to increase.
Proportion of blue collar job in pre-contemplation group was higher than in prepa- ration group (67.9% vs 58.1%; P<0.001). In pre-contemplation group, percentage of
