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A Study on the Establishment of Mid-long Term Plans for Highways and Bypass Highways
일반국도 및 국도대체우회도로 중장기 계획수립연구
Choon-Yong Yi, Il-Ho Chung, Ho-Jung Kim, Dong-Jin Kang, Jong-Hak Kim, Yong-Seok Ko, Seung-Hoon Lee, Sun Yoo, Dong-Woo Lee, Byung-Rok Song, and Moon-Bo Jang
December 2003․300 pages․Korean
For the systematic, comprehensive and efficient execution of highway projects, the 5-year plan (2001∼2005) of highway expansions - phase 1 is currently underway. At this point, it is necessary to establish the 5-year plan - phase 2 (2006∼2010) for the budget and route expansion of highways including those promoted in August of 2001. As bypass highways were mostly short-term projects, it is necessary to reexamine nod-long term projects considering progressive results and the condition changes of road expansion.
The purpose of this study is to promote the expansion of highways and bypass highways more efficiently considering the limited finances and the step-by-step investment plans of the existing national arterial road network. Efficient investment plans for highways and bypass highways from the study are as follows based on the systematic analysis of the national arterial road network, the task assignment of expressways, highways, and bypass highways, classification of highway expansion projects according to forecasted traffic demand and national finances, the revision of bypass highway master plans, and so on.
As of the late 2001, the Korean highway has an extension length of 14,254km with 56 routes which totals 15.6% of 91,396km, total road length, and 96.5% are paved.
Highways show an increase from 5,706km in 1960 to 14,253km in 2001.
Gyeongsangbuk-do has the highest rate of extension at 16.3% which is followed by Gangwon-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeonggi-do in order. Of paved roads, the extension distribution according to the number of highway lanes is 68.3% for two lanes, 27.2% for four lanes, and 4.5% for six lanes. After the 1980s, the ratio of highways with over 4
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lanes is still a mere 31.7% although the expansion of highways has continued. In 1985, the daily average traffic volume of highways was 3,188pcu/day, in 2001 12,143pcu/day, showing an annual increase of 10.0%. Of car modes, the traffic volume of automobiles was 960pcu/day in 1985; in 2001 this has increased by 16/3% to 8,107pcu/day.
The total length of highway construction projects in 2002 is 2,693km, the greatest proportion of highway expansion projects. Bypass highway road projects in 1997 are currently underway on 72 regular roads 182 sections over 3 phases.
This study also examines the 4th Comprehensive National Territorial Plan, Industrial Park Plan, Tourists Attraction Site Plan, and Logistics Complex Plans to apply to the traffic demand analysis. A variety of traffic plans such as the National Traffic Network Plan and the Road Maintenance Master Plan were also examined to apply to the establishment of the traffic network for traffic demand forecasts.
Traffic forecasts were set for the years 2010 and 2020 as target years for the establishment of the national highway projects (after 2006). Expressways, highways, bypass highways, and provincial roads supported by the central government were considered in the expansion & construction plans. The Gradient Research was used for the validation of base year O/D data. Future traffic volume by section was forecasted through using emme/2 and applying the Multi Class Assignment.
Based on the traffic demand analysis results, the national highways were divided into 1,023 parts of 3 sections for the comprehensive and systematic examination of highways.
Data was established for the connection with the national road network, major land use plans such as harbors and industrial parks, highway plans․provincial road plans supported by the central government and traffic demand forecast results. The selection criteria for highway expansion sections was set for sections with forecasted traffic demand of over 7,300pcu/day for 2 lanes and 41,300pcu/day for 4 lanes in 2020, and highways could be expanded in consideration of arterial network supplements, expressway IC connecting routes, national policy project funds, national arterial network execution sections and those in need of connection (expansion of missing roads). The selection criteria for highway facility improvement sections was established by reflecting traffic accidents (more than 1 case), incline (over 7%), degree of curve (over 1.5), uphill
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road sections (distance, sections), and missing road sections (or less than 2 lanes) although it may not reach expansion demand. The improvement work on bypass highways focused on alleviating bypass roads limited to the main traffic axis of cities and also with decreasing population, directed toward adjusting or eliminating the sprawl direction towards the inner city. An economical analysis was conducted based on the results of the traffic demand analysis of the project sections. The method of the economical analysis used the traditional cost/benefit analysis method for the investment assessment of public facilities, and the section with a B/C of over 1 was chosen as a project section.
For the evaluation of general investment ranking priority of the selected projects, this study compared the evaluation of efficiency (economical efficiency and VTLI) and equilibrium (regional lagging index, provincial government offices, self-government bodies). The weighted value of the evaluation criteria was based on the analytic hierarchy process through interviews of specialist groups. The weighted value was multiplied to the criteria then added by each evaluation section to estimate general evaluation index to determine the priority ranking of each subject.
Based on the results of investment priority rankings of highway and bypass highways the second 5-year plan (2005∼2010) was separated into highway expansion, national highways, and facility expansion projects. The investment direction during the plan period should be for the completion of the project considering the recent budget and execution of new projects since the completion will be difficult within 7∼8 years.
