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INTRODUCTION
The family Mugilidae, belonging to the order Mugili- formes, comprises 72 species in 17 genera worldwide (Nelson, 2006), but only four species in two genera in Korea (Lee and Joo, 1994; Kim and Kim, 1998; Kim et al., 2005; Kwun et al., 2012): Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758, Chelon affinis (Günther, 1861), Chelon haemato- cheilus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845), and Chelon ma- crolepis (Smith, 1846). It is difficult to identify mugilid species because their external shapes are very similar, as are their measurements and counts (Thomson, 1997). In recent years, cryptic species, including mullets, have been analyzed using molecular methods (Colborn et al., 2001;
Ke et al., 2009; Wallace and Tringali, 2010; Durand et al., 2012). A total of nine species are recognized world- wide in the genus Moolgarda Whitley, 1945 (Froese and Pauly, 2012), but none has been reported in Korea.
In this study, we identified three young mullet speci- mens collected from Jeju Island as Moolgarda seheli using molecular methods, and we provide morphological des- criptions based on these specimens.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three young specimens of mullet collected from Seog- wipo, Jeju Island, by hand net in October 2010 were fixed
in 99% ethanol as whole-body specimens. Counts and measurements were made following Thomson (1997).
The fin rays and vertebrae were counted from radiographs (SOFTEX HA-100, Japan) and the lateral line scales were counted after staining with Alizarin Red S. The specimens were deposited at the Pukyong National Uni- versity (PKU) and the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR-P), Korea.
Molecular identification of the specimens was con- ducted using a universal primer set that amplifies the mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA region (Palumbi, 1996).
Genomic DNA extraction and polymerase chain reac- tions (PCRs) were performed according to Kwun and Kim (2010), except with an annealing temperature of 50�C. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases (accession numbers:
JX879771-JX879773). The sequences were aligned with ClustalW (Thompson et al., 1994) in BioEdit ver. 7 (Hall, 1999). The sequences of Valamugil buchanani (==M.
buchanani) (JQ060879, JQ060880, and JQ060894) and M. seheli (JQ060751, JQ060752, and JQ060756), from the National Center for Biological Information database, were used for the sequence comparison. Genetic distances were calculated using MEGA 5 (Tamura et al., 2011).
Moolgarda Whitley, 1945
(New Korean name: Cho-seung-kko-ri-sung-eo-sok) Moolgarda Whitley, 1945: 14 (type species: Moolgarda
pura Whitley, 1945).
Description. Posterior tip of the maxilla slightly curved
First Record of Bluespot Mullet, Moolgarda seheli (Mugiliformes:
Mugilidae) from Jeju Island, Korea
By Hyuck Joon Kwun, Jin-Koo Kim* and Seon Man Kweon
1Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyeon 3-Dong, Nam-Gu, Busan 608-737, Korea
1Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 404-170, Korea
ABSTRACT Three specimens of Moolgarda seheli were collected for the first time from the southern coastal waters of Jeju Island in October 2010. This species is characterized by scales with a flexible membranous edge, a distinctive dark dot on the upper axis of the pectoral fin base, 39 lateral line scales, and 24~25 vertebrae. The newly proposed Korean name of the genus Moolgarda is “Cho-seung-kko- ri-sung-eo-sok” and that of M. seheli is “Cho-seung-kko-ri-sung-eo”.
Key words : First record, Moolgarda seheli, Mugilidae, Jeju Island
*Corresponding author: Jin Koo Kim Tel: 82-51-629-5927, Fax: 82-51-629-5931, E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted: December 21, 2012
http://www.fishkorea.or.kr
down, not clearly visible when mouth closed. Mouth ter- minal and upper lip thick. Adipose eyelid, poorly devel- oped. No keel in front of the dorsal fins. Pectoral fin with a long and sharp axillary scale. Body covered with cyc- loid scales and posterior margins of the scales have flexi- ble membrane. Fewer than 43 lateral line scales (Whitley, 1945; Smith, 1948; Thomson, 1997; Harrison and Senou, 1999).
Remarks. Thomson (1997) accepted the genus Vala- mugil Smith, 1948, instead of the genus Moolgarda, whereas Senou (2002) accepted the genus Moolgarda and regarded the genus Valamugil as a junior synonym of it. In recent years, Durand et al. (2012) proposed, based on a molecular phylogenetic study, that Moolgarda and Valamugil are difficult to separate.
Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål, 1775) (Korean name: Cho-seung-kko-ri-sung-eo)
(Fig. 1; Table 1)
Mugil crenilabis seheli Forsskål, 1775: 83 (type locality:
Red Sea).
Valamugil seheli: Smith, 1948: 842; Smith and Smith, 1986: 719; Harrison and Senou, 1999: 2107.
Moolgarda seheli: Randall and Lim, 2000: 625; Senou, 2002: 541; Motomura et al., 2010: 80.
Materials examined. PKU 6778~6779, 2 specimens, 33.0~34.5 mm in standard length (SL); NIBR-P000001 8075, 1 specimen, 26.8 mm SL, Seogwipo, Jeju Island,
Korea, hand net, 16 October 2010 (Fig. 1).
Description. Counts are shown in Table 1. Proportion as % SL: body depth 25.4~25.8 (25.5); head length 31.3
~32.5 (31.8); head width 16.4~18.3 (17.1); snout length 5.6~8.1 (7.1); interorbital width 11.6~13.9 (13.1); eye diameter 8.8~10.1 (9.5); upper lip height 3.0~3.4 (3.2);
predorsal length 53.0~60.8 (56.9); pectoral fin length 19.1~23.9 (21.5); caudal peduncle depth 10.7~12.1 (11.6).
Head broad and depressed dorsally. Body tapering and laterally compressed posteriorly. Mouth terminal; upper jaw projecting slightly beyond lower jaw, its posterior edge reaching a vertical line through anterior margin of eye. Upper lip slightly thick. Posterior tip of the maxilla slightly curved downward, beyond the posterior tip of the angle, and not clearly visible when mouth closed. Inter- orbital region slightly convex. No keel in front of the dorsal fins. Two dorsal fins well separated, origin of the first dorsal fin located in the middle of the body; origin of the second dorsal fin located at vertical upper the ori- gin of the anal fin. Pectoral fin with a long axillary scale.
Caudal fin slightly emarginated. Head and body covered with cycloid scales.
Coloration. With alcohol fixation, the head and body are dark brownish dorsally, but silver white ventrally.
All fins are semitransparent. Upper axis of the pectoral fin base has a distinctive darkish spot. Posterior margin of the caudal fin is slightly darkish. Tiny melanophores on the membranes of the two dorsal, anal, and caudal fins.
Table 1. Comparison of meristic characters of Moolgarda seheli
Present study Smith (1948) Thomson (1997) Senou (2002)
Number of specimens 3 - 41 -
Standard length (mm) 26.8~34.5 - 38~385 -
Dorsal fin rays IV-9 IV-i, 8 IV-i, 8 IV-8~9
Anal fin rays III, 8~9 III, 9 III, 9 III, 8~9
Vertebrae 24~25 - - -
Lateral line scales 39 (n==1) 39~41 38~42 37~41
Fig. 1. Moolgarda seheli, PKU 6778, 33.0 mm SL.
Distribution. Moolgarda seheli is distributed in the Indo-Pacific, including Hawaii (Harrison and Senou, 1999), Japan (Senou, 2002; Motomura et al., 2010), the South China Sea (Randall and Lim, 2000), and South Africa (Smith, 1948). In Korea, it occurs around Jeju Island (present study).
Remarks. Three young specimens of a mullet species collected from the southern waters of Jeju Island had identical mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA sequences, which were almost identical to that of the adult M. seheli (99.8~100%), and next most similar to that of V. buch- anani (==M. buchanani; 96.4~96.6%). Morphologically, the present specimens belong to the genus Moolgarda based on the following combination of characters: poorly developed adipose eyelids, terminal mouth, thick upper lip, and the posterior margins of the cycloid scales have flexible membranes (Whitley, 1945; Smith, 1948; Thom- son, 1997; Harrison and Senou, 1999). They correspond to Moolgarda seheli in that the posterior tip of the maxilla is not clearly visible when the mouth is closed and they have 39 lateral line scales (Smith and Smith, 1986; Senou, 2002; Table 1). Therefore, we identified our specimens as M. seheli with both morphological and molecular methods. When we compared M. seheli with the four mullet species previously reported in Korea, the species differed from M. cephalus in the shape of the posterior tip of the maxilla (curved downward in M. seheli vs. not curved in M. cephalus) (Harrison and Senou, 1999). The species is distinguishable from the three species of the genus Chelon by their scales (cycloid in M. seheli vs.
ctenoid in the Chelon species) and the flexible membranes on the posterior margins of the scales (present in M.
seheli vs. absent in Chelon species) (Smith and Smith, 1986; Senou, 2002). We propose a new Korean genus name “Cho-seung-kko-ri-sung-eo-sok” for the genus Moolgarda, and a Korean species name “Cho-seung-kko- ri-sung-eo” for M. seheli, following Kim et al. (2010).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was supported by the project on survey and excavation of Korean indigenous species of the Na- tional Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) under the Ministry of Environment, Korea.
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한국 숭어과(Mugilidae) 어류 1 미기록종, Moolgarda seheli
권혁준∙김진구∙권선만1
부경대학교 자원생물학과, 1국립생물자원관 동물자원과
요 약 :2010년 10월, 제주도 남부연안에서 Moolgarda seheli 3개체가 처음 채집되었다. 본 종은 비늘 가장자
리에 부드러운 막이 있고, 가슴지느러미 기저의 등쪽 기점에 뚜렷한 어두운 반점과 초승달 모양의 꼬리지느러미 를 가지며, 측선비늘은 39개, 척추골은 24~25개를 가진다. 본 종의 국명으로 속명은 “초승꼬리숭어속”을 새롭게 제안하며, 종명은 “초승꼬리숭어”이다.
찾아보기 낱말 :미기록종, Moolgarda seheli, 숭어과, 제주도
