Numerical Study on the Impact of Air Tight Liner of Underground Lined Rock Cavern for Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

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Vol. 49, No. 2 O2012PG pp. 147-156

࣫վਐ੺ౠվ׆઩٪஺஺෇੹ࢱୠୋվܛٛ

׆ࢤޭଲ٪ਏվตրଭ৤౿ැজୡՑஹ

׌෴ࡧ

Â +POOZ3VURWJTU

Â ࠑܛ૴

Â ࢮܑ෮

Â ৉଀լ

Numerical Study on the Impact of Air Tight Liner of Underground Lined Rock Cavern for Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

Hyung-Mok Kim, Jonny Rutqvist, Dong-Woo Ryu , Dohyun Park and Won-Kyong Song

Abstract : In this study, we carried out numerical modeling to investigate the impact of air tight liner within the concrete linings of underground lined rock cavern for compressed air energy storage (CAES). For the numerical modeling, TOUGH-FLAC that can simulate coupled non-isothermal multiphase (air and groundwater) fluid flow and geomechanical behavior of both concrete linings and rock mass as well as within the cavern, was used. The calculated results of pressure, temperature and stress for two different lining options with and without impermeable inner liner showed that the installation of an inner air tight liner reduced the maximum effective tensile stress of the concrete linings which results in the increase of geomechanical stability as well as air tightness performance of the storage cavern.

Key words : Air tight liner, Underground storage, Lined rock cavern (LRC), Compressed air energy storage (CAES), TOUGH-FLAC, coupled analysis

څ أ ٍ҆ĵقԴəս࠘३Եںࣀ३҄ė֩ݓॠؓ߹ėşقȃݓؒъ۹ۤėʴۆࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙ قԺ࠘ʼəҼ࣊ęՁۆşн͆ۋȃۆ֨ėমęεêݒॠٕɰ. ս࠘३ԵşѪڷͿə۹ۤėʴǴҙ, ࡓࡾν࣡

͆ۋɮфܳѺؒъقԴۆؓ߹ėşфݓॠսڮʴ, َۻɵ, ًॡۺѺ঍ۆ҄०äʴں֨бͪۋՎॣս

ەəTOUGH-FLAC ٍć३Եںۋڌॠٕɰ. ۹ۤėʴǴҙقşн͆ۋȃ֨ėڮИق˰δࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮ

şнՁɠӼχ؉ɦ͆ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴۍۤڿͳںÇՙ֨ࡈًॡۺ؋܁ՁںݒʂॠəমęÀەəìڷͿ

эঅܐɰ.

ܳڅر şн͆ۋȃ, ݓॠ۹ۤ, ҄ė֩ؒъėʴ, ؓ߹ėşقȃݓ۹ۤ, TOUGH-FLAC, ٍć३Ե

2012ț2ښ6ێۿս, 2012ț3ښ27ێ֮ԐٰΒ 2012ț4ښ19ێóۦঝ܁

1) Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 305-350 Korea

2) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA94720, USA

*Corresponding Author(Ϊʴڍ) E-mail; [email protected]

Address; Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 305-350 Korea

Դ΁

ۻͳ Ԑڌ͟ۆ ݒÀٮ ॥ƍ, ۻͳՙҼÀ ࣢܁֨Âʂ

фćۼقݚܼʼəЛ܃Ϳۍ३ۻͳقȃݓ۹ۤۤ࠘ۆ

ज़څՁۋÌܓʼČەɰ. ̚ॢ, ॳ঳҃śۋʌڎটՁজ ʾìڷͿٚԜʼəॄͳ, ࢗتġˣ֪ۦԦقȃݓəۻ ͳՙҼःࢤقϑóьۻۋۋΘرݓݓ؍ČÂॷۺۋş

˺Лقьۻۻͳں۹ۤ३Դսڅःࢤقϑóėś३آ χমڱۺڷͿۋڌॣսەرقȃݓ۹ۤۆज़څՁڹ

ʌڎ ݒÀॠČەɰ.

قȃݓ۹ۤşցڹѓѪق˰َ͆قȃݓ, ۻşজॡۺ

قȃݓ, ۻۙşۺقȃݓ, ًॡۺقȃݓˣڷͿѺঞ३ Դ۹ۤॠəѓ֩ۋԐڌʼČەڷ϶, َقȃݓ۹ۤقə

߹َ, ۻşজॡۺ قȃݓ۹ۤقə 2޲ ۻݓ ф ߹ۻş (capacitor), ۻۙşقȃݓ۹ۤقəߣۻʪࡑێ, ًॡۺ

قȃݓ۹ۤقəتսьۻ, CAES(ؓ߹ėşقȃݓ۹ۤ),

॔͆ۋৈ ۹ۤˣۆ şցۋ ەɰ(Pepper, 2008).

ٍĵȦЛ

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Fig. 1. A conceptual diagram of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns.

ۋܼCAES şցڹۖيۻͳ(֮آۻͳ, ॄͳ/ࢗتġ

ˣ ֪ۦԦقȃݓ)ں ۋڌॠي ؓ߹ėşε ۹ۤॠČ ۹

ۤʽؓ߹ėşəज़څ֨LNG ٍΒٮ॥ƍࢢҾںĵʴ ॠيۻͳںьԦॠəقȃݓ۹ۤęьۻۆॠۋҵν˚

Òȝۋ͆Čॣսەɰ. ێъÀ֟ࢢҾьۻۆąڍLNG

ٍΒۆأ60%Àėşؓ߹قՙڅʼݓχCAESۆąڍ

ՙҼʼݓ؍əۖيۻͳںটڌॠيėşεйνؓ߹३

Ȯş˺Лق60%ۆٍΒҼεۖيۻͳڷͿʂߕॣս

ەəۤ۾ۋەɰ(ť࢘Ďٽ, 2008). ۋ͠ॢCAES şց ڹ۹ۤ঍ࢗق˰͆ؒъėʴ۹ۤ, ّؒėʴ۹ۤ, ʂս

ࠗ۹ۤ, ߎٍʴĹ, दÚʪфदࢢȇ۹ۤڷͿĵқॣ

սەڷ϶۹ۤėʴۆşнѓ֩ق˰͆҄ė֩ęИ҄

ė֩ڷͿқΪॣսەɰ. ̚ॢ, ۹ۤؓ߹ėşۆࢹ߻ؓ

ͳۆѺʴڮИق˰͆܁ؓ֩ęѺؓ֩ڷͿқΪʽɰ (ť঍Ѐ ٽ, 2009a).

ইۦԜغজʼرڏٖʼČەəCAES ֨ԺͿəʫێ

HuntorfٮйĶAlabamaܳMcIntosh ԐͻÀەɰ. ʫێ

Huntorfۆݓॠ۹ۤėʴڹݓॠ֮ҙأ600mق۹ۤڌ

͟310,000 m³ͿԺ࠘ʼؽڷ϶, йĶMcIntoshə֮ʪ

450 mق500,000 m³ۆ۹ۤėʴۋڦ࠘ॢɰ. ۋ˞۹ۤ

ėʴڹ Ͽ˃ ّؒࠗق ڌ३޽Ĺ(solution mining)ں ۋ ڌॠي঍ՁʽėʴڷͿّؒࠗۆ࠘нॢĵܓۺ࣢Ձڷ

Ϳ ѻʪۆ şн֨֟ࢰں Ժ࠘ॠݓ ؍Č ڏٖʼؽɰ (Pepper, 2008). ۋٽقʪێ҆قԴदÚʪεۋڌॢИ

҄ė֩ؓ߹ėşݓॠ۹ۤ֬ݒٍĵٮқॣ͆ۋɮşց ںۋڌॢ҄ė֩ؓ߹ėşݓॠ۹ۤьۻԐͻÀ҃Č ʽ ц ەɰ(ť঍Ѐٽ, 2009b).

ĶǴۆ ąڍ ّؒʱ(dome)ę Ïڹ ݓݗĵܓε ޼ş

رͷČܳѺսؓںۋڌॠيşнՁںঝ҃ॠəИ҄ė

֩۹ۤėʴڹԺ֮࠘ʪÀսіmقɵॠş˺Лقφ ʂॢėԐҼڌۋٚԜʽɰ. ˰͆Դ, CAES şցۆՁė ۺۍĶǴۺڌںڦ३ԴəҼİۺثڹ֮ʪقԴşнՁ

ٖۋज़څॠɰČॣսەɰ. ۋ͠ॢЀۺڷͿчٰЛٽ (2010)əEclipse100^TMࡑ˚εۋڌॠيؓ߹ėşݓॠ ۹ۤę܁قԴݓݗॡۺĵܓфНνۺ࣢Ձۋ۹ۤম ڱقй࠘əٖॳںқԵॢцەɰ. Ŕ͠ǣۋ˞ٍĵق Դۆ۹ۤমڱқԵڹߣş۹ۤؓͳʂҼėşɀ߻ق˰

δؓͳÇՙҼڱͿ۹ۤমڱںथÀॠٕş˺Лقݗ͟

սݓқԵںࣀॢɀ߻͟थÀф֬܃ڏٖę܁قսъ (2011a, 2011b)ə ɰԜ ɰՁқ(multi-phase and multi- component) َڮʴ(heat transfer) äʴں३Եॣսە əTOUGH2 ࡑ˚εۋڌॠي2޲ڙڙ঍ėʴقۆؓ߹

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Fig. 2. Analysis model and boundary conditions.

ॡۺقȃݓսݓқԵں֬֨ॠČࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮ҄ė ۦфܳѺؒъۆ࣊ę࣢Ձ, ߣşपজʪ, ܳۓ٣ʪٮÏ ڹԺćѺսÀɀ߻͟фقȃݓমڱقй࠘əٖॳں

ܓԐॠٕɰ. ̚ॢ, ߸Àٍĵεࣀ३ؓ߹ėşɀ߻äʴ ęٍćʽ۹ۤėʴۆًॡۺ؋܁ՁںथÀॣЀۺڷͿ

TOUGH-FLAC ٍć३Ե(Rutqvist, 2011)ں ֬֨ॠČ

۹ۤėʴڏٖق˰δࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴڿͳқपε

ٚࠑॠيۍۤŒَۋьԦॣսەڼں҃Čॢцەɰ (ť঍Ѐٽ, 2011c). ۋٽقʪ۹ۤؓͳфѕϸॠܼں

ČͲॢ҄ė֩ؓ߹ėşقȃݓ۹ۤ֨ԺǴࡓࡾν࣡͆

ۋɮ؋܁Ձ३Ե(ۋٍőٽ, 2009) фࡓࡾν࣡॔͠Ŕ

঍Ԝق˰δ؋܁Ձ३Եˣۋ҃Čʽ цەɰ(ۋٍő

ٽ, 2010; чʪইٽ, 2011).

҄ė֩ݓॠؓ߹ėşقȃݓ۹ۤ֨Ժۆʂڌ͟Ԝغ জε ڦ३ ࣷێͦ ֟ࡀێۆ ֬ݒ ٍĵ(ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍ

ĵڙ, 2010)Àսॱܼقەɰ. ҆֬ݒ֨ԺقԴə۹ۤ

ėʴقࢍԺʽࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮ֨ėۋڼҙٮÏڹĵܓ

ҝٍ՚ҙقԴؓ߹ėşÀʂ͟ڷͿڮ߻ʼəìںѓݓ ॠş ڦॠي ࡓࡾν࣡ ͆ۋɮ Ǵҙق ҙࣲČИ(butyl rubber) ওڹsteel linerٮÏڹşн͆ۋȃε֨ė॥ڷ Ϳ׆şнՁɠॳԜںʪϿॠČەɰ. ٍ҆ĵقԴəş ܕٍĵεࣀ३҄ė֩ؓ߹ėşقȃݓݓॠ۹ۤėʴܳ

Ѻėşɀ߻, َڮʴфڿͳ३ԵقۆۺڌՁۋঝۍʽ

TOUGH-FLAC ३Եںۋڌॠي۹ۤėʴǴҙşн͆

ۋȃۆ֨ėڮИق˰δࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴؓͳ, ٣ʪ,

ݒॠəʚܳЀۺں ˃ؽɰ.

३ԵϿʝф३Եܓæ

३ԵϿʝфܓæڹşܕٍĵ(ť঍Ѐٽ, 2011c)ٮʴ ێॠɰ(Fig. 2). 2޲ڙڙ঍ɳϸ঍ԜںÀݓəؓ߹ė şقȃݓ۹ۤėʴۋݓॠ100 m ֮ʪقڦ࠘ॠəìڷ ͿÀ܁ॠٕɰ. ۹ۤėʴĹ޳ݔąڹ6 m, ࡓࡾν࣡͆

ۋɮ˃ƍə50 cmͿԺ܁ॠٕɰ. ˰͆Դ, ࡓࡾν࣡͆

ۋɮԺ࠘঳۹ۤėʴǴąڹ5 mۋɰ. ş҆ۺڷͿ͆

ۋɮѕϸقؒъ՜Ԝًٖ(Excavation Disturbed Zone, EDZ)ۆ঍ՁڹػəìڷͿÀ܁ॠٕڷǣ, EDZÀࡓࡾ

ν࣡͆ۋɮۆًॡۺѺ঍قй࠘əٖॳںêࢹॠş

ڦॢ३ԵقԴə͆ۋɮѕϸق1mۆEDZÀ঍Ձʽì ڷͿÀ܁ॠČEDZۆ࢏Ձ܁սεܳѺؒъۆ1/2ق३ ɾॠəìڷͿԺ܁ॠٕɰ. ݓॠսϸڹݓशϸęێ࠘ॠ ə ìڷͿ À܁ॠٕɰ.

şܕٍĵεࣀ३ؓ߹ėşقȃݓ۹ۤėʴǴҙقė ʴǴۻߕҙक़ق३ɾॠəڅՙҙक़εÀݓə1َۆ

࣢ۋڅՙεѕ࠘ॠəìۋڮম॥ںঝۍॢцەɰ(ť

঍Ѐٽ, 2011a). ۋ˞࣢ۋڅՙۆėŕέф࣊ęćս εÁÁ1.0 фÎí× ZÎ×^{à Ö}Ƌ^ÏڷͿࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮقҼ ३ ߿қ০ ࡾó Ժ܁॥ڷͿ׆ ؓ߹ėşۆ ܳۓ·ࢹ߻ق

˰δ۹ۤėʴǴؓ߹ėşڮʴ, ؓͳф٣ʪѺজӼχ

؉ɦ͆ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮфܳѺؒъڷͿۆėşڮ߻

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Table 1. Materials properties for TOUGH-FLAC coupled analysis

Property Material

Rock mass EDZ Concrete lining

Young’s modulus, E (GPa) 35 35 (17.5) 35

Poisson’s ratio, Ń (-) 0.3 0.3 0.3

Thermal expansion coefficient (1/) 1 × 10^-5 1 × 10^-5 1 × 10^-5

Effective porosity, ŋ(-) 0.01 0.01 0.1

Permeability, k (m²) 1 × 10^-17 1 × 10^-17 1 × 10^-20

Residual gas saturation (-) 0.0 0.0 0.0

Residual liquid saturation (-) 0.01 0.01 0.01

van Genuchten, P0 (MPa) 1.47 1.47 1.47

van Genuchten, m (-) 0.595 0.595 0.595

Thermal conductivity, Ł (J/s/m °K) 3 3 3

Specific heat (J/kg °K) 900 900 900

*Ĝ঒ ؋ۆ Éڹ ͆ۋɮ ѕϸق 1mۆ EDZÀ ঍Ձʽ ąڍۆ ३Եقχ Ԑڌ

фَۻɵںমęۺڷͿ३Եॣսەɰ. ̚ॢ, ۋ˞࣢

ۋڅՙۆ࢏Ձ܁սфप؉բҼεÁÁ3.5 MPa ф0.3 ęÏۋϔڍڮٍॠóԺ܁ॠČėʴܼ֮ѓॳڷͿۆ

Ѻڦεĵ՚॥ڷͿ׆۹ۤėʴǴؓͳۋࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋ ɮѹϸقй࠘əؓͳںѻʪۆąćܓæػۋशইॣ

սەə࣢ݜۋەɰ(ť঍Ѐٽ, 2011c). ٍ҆ĵقԴə

ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙق֨ėʼəşн͆ۋȃۆ֨ėম ęêݒںЀۺڷͿॠş˺ЛقԜş࣢ۋڅՙٮࡓࡾ

ν࣡͆ۋɮڅՙԐۋقϔڍئڹ1َۆڅՙࠗں߸

À ѕ࠘ॠČ, ۋ˞ څՙࠗۆ ࣊ęćսə ߿қ০ ǰó (Îí× ZÎ×^{à ÏÏ}Ƌ^Ï) Ժ܁ॠٕɰ. ˰͆Դ, ۋ˞şн͆ۋȃڅ ՙəॠܼۻɵşɠф۹ۤؓ߹ėşۆڮʴں޲ɳॠ əًॣχ սॱॠóʽɰ.

Table 1ڹ३ԵقԐڌॢ܃ъНՁۋɰ. ؘԴسśॢ

цٮ Ïۋ ؒъ՜Ԝًٖ(Excavation Disturbed Zone, EDZ) фܳѺؒъۆНՁڹş҆ۺڷͿʴێॠóԺ܁

ॠٕɰ. ͆ۋɮࡓࡾν࣡ۆ࣊ęćսəܳѺؒъقҼ ३߿қ০ǰڹìڷͿÀ܁ॠٕɰ. ۹ۤėʴ͆ۋɮࡓ

ࡾν࣡ ф ܳѺ ؒъۆ ҝपজ ࣢Ձڹ van Genuchten Ͽʝ (van Genuchten, 1980) ф Corey's Ԝʂ࣊ęćս

Ͽʝ(Corey, 1954)Ϳशইॠٕɰ. ҄ė֩ؓ߹ėşقȃ ݓ۹ۤ֨ԺۆԜՃԺćεڦ३ԴəԜş܃ъНՁф

ҝपজ࣢ՁϿʝ܁ۆقज़څॢԜս˞ںؒԵࡑر֨Β εۋڌॢ֬Ǵ֬ॹфইۤ֬ॹںࣀ३Àɠॢ܁ঝॠ óĵ३آॢɰ. ҄ė֩۹ۤėʴÒȝêݒɳćقԴۆ

şн͆ۋȃۆ֨ėমęۆս࠘३ԵۺêݒںЀۺڷͿ

ॢٍ҆ĵقԴəşܕЛॶ(Finsterle, 1995; Alonso, 2005)

ۆ Éں ޷ܓॠٕɰ.

ɰ. ۋεڦ३ٍ҆ĵقԴəॠΘ8֨Âؓ߹·۹ۤॠČ

঳8֨Âshut-inںڮݓॠəڏٖѓ֩ڷͿÀ܁ॠٕɰ.

۹ۤėʴǴؓ߹ėşܳۓ͟ڹ2޲ڙ߹ѓॳɳڦţۋ ɾÏíÏZ Î×^{à Ï}ƉƅîƑ, ѕ߻͟ڹÑíÑZ Î×^{à Ï}ƉƅîƑڷͿԺ܁ॠ

ٕɰ. ؓ߹ėşۆܳۓ٣ʪə21.5Ϳێ܁ॠóܳۓॠ ə ìں À܁ॠٕɰ.

ąćܓæڹşܕۆٍĵ(ť঍Ѐٽ, 2011a)ٮʴێॠ óԺ܁ॠٕɰ(Fig.2). ۹ۤėʴąćε܃ٽॢ३ԵϿʝ

ٽĚąćقəێ܁٣ʪфێ܁ؓͳܓæڷͿԺ܁ॠ

ٕɰ. ݓशϸ ߣş ٣ʪə 10, ݓॠսϸڹ ݓशϸę

ێ࠘ॠəìڷͿÀ܁ॠٕɰ. ˰͆Դ, ۹ۤėʴԺ֮࠘

ʪܳѺؒъۆߣş٣ʪфݓॠսؓڹÁÁ13Gф

1 MPaق ३ɾॢɰ.

۹ۤėʴĹ޳фڏٖۻę܁ۆ३Եںڦ३Ϥ۹۹

ۤėʴĹ޳ۻۆ٣ʪ, ؓͳ, ڿͳۆߣşथ঍ԜࢗεϿ ԐॠČ(1ɳć), Ĺ޳঳1ܳێʴ؋۹ۤėʴڹИݓ҃

Ԝࢗ/ʂşؓܓæڷͿڮݓʼəìڷͿÀ܁ॠي٣ʪ,

ؓͳ, ڿͳқपεۦćԓॠČ(2ɳć), ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮ (ߣşНपজʪ70%)ںԺ࠘ॠČ۹ۤėʴǴҙقəʂ şؓۋۚڌॠəܓæقԴ٣ʪ, ؓͳқपεćԓॠٕ

ɰ(3ɳć). ۋ˞3ɳć٣ʪ, ؓͳқपεߣşܓæڷͿ

ڷͿ 100ێ ʴ؋۹ۤėʴں ڏٖॠə ìڷͿ ॠٕɰ.

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Fig. 3. Calculated (a) pressure, (b) temperature, (c) stress in the concrete linings, (d) displacement during the operation of first week, when only the concrete linings are installed.

३ԵĀęфࢹۆ

ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮχںۋڌॠيşнՁɠںঝ҃ॠəąڍ Fig. 3قԴFig. 5əࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮχںۋڌॠيؓ

߹ėş۹ۤėʴۆşнՁɠںঝ҃ॢąڍۆ३ԵĀę ۋɰ. ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮۆČڮ࣊ęćսÉڹÎí× ZÎ×^{à Ï×}Ƌ^Ï ڷͿ ۋəࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙقҼ࣊ęՁۆČИ֨࣡

(rubber sheet) ওڹsteel linerεҙ޳ॢąڍقڏٖԜ ۆ՜Ԝওڹইۤ֨ėٍĀҙقԴۆؓ߹ėşɀ߻ں

प॥ॢ ڮম࣊ęćսÉق ԜڿॢɰČ ॣ ս ەɰ.

Fig. 3ڹۤş100ێÂۆڏٖę܁قԴۆؓͳ, ٣ʪ, ڿͳфѺڦьԦتԜܼڏٖÒ֨঳ߣşێܳێÂ ۆĀęχںǣࢍǶìۋɰ. ۹ۤėʴۆؓͳۋʂşؓ

ܓæقԴԺć߯۹ؓͳۍ5 MPaūݓʪɵॠşūݓə

أ24֨ÂۋՙڅʼəìڷͿćԓʼؽɰ(Fig. 3(a)). ܳ ۓۋݕॱʼəʴ؋, ۹ۤėʴǴҙ٣ʪə۾ݕۺڷͿ

Ԝ֧ॠǣ߯ʂ25εȊݓ؍əĀęεٕ҃ɰ(Fig. 3(b)).

֬܃ۋԜşߕ(ideal gas) ؓ߹ę܁قԴəսіūݓ

٣ʪÀԜ֧ॣսەڷǣ҆३ԵقԴəɳćѻؓ߹ę

܁قԴ40ūݓ٣ʪεǰ߸رܳۓॠٕڷ϶, ۹ۤė ʴǴҙٮܳѺࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮфؒъęۆَİঞق

ۆॢĀęͿࣺɳʽɰ. ۹ۤėʴǴҙ٣ʪ(Fig. 3(b)ۆ

P1)əߣşێܳێÂ(أ170֨Â) ÇՙॠəتԜںٕ҃

ڷ϶ܳѺؒъ(Fig. 3(b)ۆP3)ڹɰՙݒÀॠəąॳں

ٕ҃ɰ. ۋ঳قəܳѺؒъ٣ʪԜ֧ęʌҝر۹ۤė ʴǴҙ٣ʪً֨Ԝ֧ॠəĀęεٕ҃ɰ(Fig. 4(b)).

۹ۤėʴǴҙؓͳڹԺćؓͳѩڦۍ8 MPaę5 MPa ѩڦقԴѺʴॠٕڷǣߪ100ێÂۆڏٖşÂܼथŒ

ؓͳڹێ܁ॠóڮݓʼرɀ߻͟ڹИ֨Àɠॢսܵے ں؎սەɰ(Fig. 4). ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙؓͳ(Fig. 4(a) ۆ P2)ڹ֨Âąęٮʌҝر۾ݕۺڷͿݒÀॠي100 ێ঳قə6 MPaقʪɵॠٕɰ. ۋ͠ॢࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮ

ǴėşؓͳݒÀəۍۤڿͳۆݒÀͿۋر܋ࡓࡾν

࣡͆ۋɮۆًॡۺ؋܁Ձقٖॳںй࠘óʽɰ. ॢठ,

ܳѺؒъǴėşؓͳ(Fig. 4(a)ۆP3)ڹࢀѺজε҃

ۋݓ؍ؕɰ. ۋəؒъۆČڮ࣊ęćսÀࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋ ɮ҃ɰࡾČࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮںࣀęॢėşɀ߻͟ۋؓ

ͳѺজεڮьॣ܁ʪقЇй࠘ş˺ЛڷͿࣺɳʽɰ.

Fig. 5(a) ф5(b)əڏٖÒ֨঳100ێݫؓͳф٣ʪ ѺজتԜڷͿ۹ۤėʴǴҙٮࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮфܳ

Ѻؒъęۆ٣ʪ޲Ϳۍ३ьԦॠəَİঞäʴںࣷ

۹ۤėʴǴҙۆ٣ʪÀԜ֧ॠيԜʂۺڷͿ٣ʪÀǰ ڹܳѺࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮڷͿَ՜֬ۋьԦॠş֨ۚॠ

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Fig. 4. Calculated (a) pressure, (b) temperature, (c) stress in the concrete linings, (d) displacement during a total of 100 cycles, when only the concrete linings are installed.

Fig. 5. Calculated (a) pressure, (b) temperature, (c) stress in the concrete linings, (d) displacement during the last 100th cycle, when only the concrete linings are installed.

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Fig. 6. Calculated (a) volumetric strain, (b) minimum effective principal stress of concrete linings and surrounding rock mass after 8 hours injection for the 100th cycle.

Čۋ঳4֨Âʴ؋ۆshut-inę܁قԴʪَ՜֬قۆ३

٣ʪÀÇՙॠČەɰ. ۋ͠ॢ٣ʪÇՙə۹ۤėʴǴ ҙۆؓͳÇՙͿۋرݕɰ. 12֨ÂقԴ16֨Âʴ؋ق

३ɾॠəėşࢹ߻ę܁قԴəśüॢؓͳÇՙٮ॥ƍ

ؓ߹ėşۆǼÁۋьԦॠČ, ٣ʪĵѕÀؓ߹·۹ۤę

܁ęəъʂѓॳڷͿ঍Ձʼرࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮфܳѺ

ؒъڷͿ՜֬ʽَقȃݓۆʂҙқۋ۹ۤėʴǴҙė şͿ ধսʽɰ.

Fig. 3(c), 4(c), 5(c)ə۹ۤėşؓقۆ३ьԦॠə

ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴܳڿͳьԦتԜںǣࢍǶɰ. Ҟڹ ԟ֬Ըڹۻڿͳ(total stress, ^ň)ں, ߣ΀ԟ۾Ըڹڮম ڿͳںǣࢍǶɰ. ߣş24 ֨Âʴ؋ۆėşؓ߹ę܁ق Դə ߯ʂܳڿͳ(ň_Î)ۋ 7 MPaūݓ ؓ߹ͳڷͿ ۚڌॠ Č߯ՙܳڿͳ(ň_Ð)ڹ4 MPaۆۍۤͳڷͿۚڌ॥ں؎

սەɰ(Fig. 3(c)). ۹ۤėʴڏٖߣşقəėşؓͳۋ

ǰş˺ЛقۻڿͳęڮমڿͳۋڮԐॢÉں҃ۋݓ χ, ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙقࠞ࣊ėşؓۋݒÀॠϸԴ

ۻڿͳęڮমڿͳۆ޲ۋÀ࠶ݙں؎սەɰ(Fig. 4(c)).

ۻɳڿͳق३ɾॠə߯ʂф߯ՙܳڿͳۆ޲ۋəڏٖ

֨Âۋąę॥ق˰͆ÇՙॠݓχۍۤͳڷͿۚڌॠə

߯ՙܳڿͳڹėşؓۋ࠶ݙق˰͆۾ݕۺڷͿ ݒÀॠ MPaقԴ7 MPa ѩڦقқपॠČەɰ(Fig. 5(c)). ۋə

۹ۤėʴۿԸѓॳۍۤڿͳڷͿࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮۆۍ

ۤࣷĨقۆॢѓԐѓॳŒَںڮьॣսەəࡾşۋɰ.

Fig. 5(d)ə۹ۤėʴъąѓॳѺڦεǣࢍǶɰ. ߯Č

8 MPaۆ۹ۤؓܓæقԴьԦॠəѺڦə0.7 mm ս

ܵڷͿćԓʼؽɰ. ३ԵĀęͿصرݓə۹ۤėʴѺڦ ə۹ۤėʴǴҙؓͳѺজق˰δҙक़ऋ޻ęࡓࡾν࣡

͆ۋɮфܳѺؒъۆѺ঍࣢Ձقۆ३Ā܁ʽɰ. ۹ۤ

ėʴܳѺقĹ޳قۆॢ՜ԜًٖۍEDZÀ঍Ձʼر

ۋ˞EDZ ǴؒъۆѺ঍ćսÀ1/2ͿÇՙॣąڍ, ࡓ

ࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴۍۤڿͳڹ߯ʂ7 MPaقԴ9.5 MPa ͿݒÀॠČъąѓॳѺڦʪ0.7 mmقԴ1.4 mmͿ2 ѕ ݒÀॠəĀęεٕ҃ɰ. ˰͆Դ, ۹ۤėʴĹ޳ę܁ق ԴۆEDZ ঍Ձѩڦф՜Ԝ܁ʪ, ɰتॢࡓࡾν࣡͆

ۋɮۆѺ঍࣢Ձق˰δߕćۺۍ३Եںࣀॢ֨ėěν

фԺćşܵ؋ۋॳ঳܃֨ʼرآॣìڷͿࣺɳʽɰ.

঳ۆࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮфܳѺؒъǴߕۺѺ঍έф

߯ՙڮমܳڿͳқपۋɰ. يşԴت(+)ۆߕۺѺ঍έڹ

ऋ޻ں ۆйॢɰ. ࡓࡾν࣡ ͆ۋɮ Ǵҙۆ ߕۺऋ޻ڹ

ۿԸѓॳڷͿۆ ঝۤق ۆॢ ìڷͿ^{ÎíÎ ZÎ×}^{à Ñ}Þá ÎÎ×ł strain) ҃ɰۚڹìڷͿćԓʼؽɰ. ۍۤͳۍ߯ՙڮ

মܳڿͳڹࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮࠑѹҙقԴьԦॠيأ8 MPa܁ʪͿćԓʼؽɰ. Ŕ͠ǣ, ۍۤڿͳڹśüॢڿ ͳĵѕقʪҝĵॠČࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙقҼİۺŒ ݗॠó қपॠČ ەə Āęε ٕ҃ɰ.

ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙقҼ࣊ęՁۆşн͆ۋȃε֨

ėॠيşнՁɠںॳԜ֨ࢇąڍ

Fig. 7ęFig. 8ڹؓ߹ėşقȃݓݓॠ۹ۤėʴࡓࡾ

ν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙقČИ֨࣡фsteel linerٮÏڹҼ࣊

ęՁۆşн͆ۋȃε֨ėॢ঳100ێÂڏٖॢąڍۆ

३ԵĀęۋɰ. ٣ʪѺজфѺڦьԦتԜڹࡓࡾν࣡

͆ۋɮχںԐڌॢ३ԵĀę(Fig. 4(a) ф4(d))ٮڮԐ

ॢĀęεٕ҃ş˺ЛقؓͳфڿͳьԦĀęχں

ʪ֨ॠٕɰ. ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮχںԐڌॢąڍ, ࡓࡾν

࣡͆ۋɮǴؓͳۋ۾ݕۺڷͿݒÀॢìęɵν, ͆ۋ ɮǴҙėśؓۋ1 MPa йχڷͿێ܁ॠóڮݓʼؽɰ (Fig. 7(a)). ۋق˰͆ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙقьԦॠə

ۍۤڿͳۆ߯ʂÉʪ5 MPa ۋॠͿćԓʼرşн͆ۋ ȃε֨ėॠݓ؍ڹąڍ(Fig. 4(c))ۆ߯ʂ8 MPaقҼ ęεٕ҃ɰ(Fig. 7(b)). ˰͆Դ, ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙق

Ҽ࣊ęՁۆşн͆ۋȃε֨ė॥ڷͿ׆şнՁɠॳԜ Ӽχ؉ɦ͆͆ۋɮǴėŕؓں۹Ç֨ࢉڷͿ׆͆ۋɮ قьԦॠəۍۤڿͳںÇՙ֨ࢅČŒَьԦڷͿۍॢ

۹ۤؓ߹ėşۆɀ߻ںѓݓॣսەڼں؎սەɰ.

ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴėŕؓۆÇՙͿ100ێݫڏٖę

܁قԴʪۻڿͳęڮমڿͳۋäۆڮԐॢÉں҃ےں

؎սەɰ(Fig. 8(b)). ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮęۆۿߤϸҙŖ

ؒъقԴۆڿͳьԦتԜ(Fig. 8(c) ф8(d))ڹ۹ۤė

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Fig. 7. Calculated (a) pressure, (b) stress in the concrete linings, (c) stress in the rock mass at the top of cavern, (d) stress in the rock mass at the sidewall of cavern during the 100 cycles, when the air tight liner was installed inside the concrete lining.

Fig. 8. Calculated (a) pressure, (b) stress in the concrete linings, (c) stress in the rock mass at the top of cavern, (d) stress in the rock mass at the sidewall of cavern during the last 100th cycles, when the air tight liner was installed inside the concrete lining.

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ʴߎ܁ҙقԴۍۤڿͳۋьԦॠٕڷǣ1 MPa ۋॠͿ

ćԓʼؽɰ. ۋəؒъۆۍۤŒَںڮьॣ܁ʪə؉

ɦݓχşܕŒَۆঝۤقۆॢ۹ۤėʴܳѺۆĶҙ ۺѺ঍ڷͿۍ३ࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮۆًॡۺ؋܁Ձق

ٖॳںйࠜսەəࡾşͿ֬܃۹ۤėʴܳѺইۤݓ ݗܓæق˰͆Դəۋ͠ॢҝٍ՚Ѻ঍قۆॢ؋܁Ձ

êࢹε ֬֨ॣज़څÀ ەɰ.

Ā΁

҆ ٍĵقԴə Ҽˣ٣(non-isothermal) ɰԜڮߕڮʴ (multi-phase fluid flow) фًॡۺ(geomechanical) Ѻ঍

ۆٍć३Եں֬֨ॠي҄ė֩ؓ߹ėşقȃݓݓॠ۹

ۤėʴǴҙۆşн͆ۋȃ֨ėমęεêݒॠٕɰ. Ҽ

࣊ęՁ(impermeable)ۆČИ֨࣡(rubber sheet) ওڹ֟

ࣲ͆ۋȃ(steel liner)εࡓࡾν࣡͆ۋɮǴҙق֨ė॥ق

˰͆͆ۋɮǴҙقьԦॠəۍۤڿͳۋ߯ʂ8 MPaق Դ5 MPa ۋॠͿأ40% À͟ÇՙॠəĀęεঝۍॠ

ٕɰ. ˰͆Դ, şн͆ۋȃ֨ėڹࡓࡾν࣡֨ėۋڼҙ ٮÏڹĵܓҝٍ՚ҙεࣀॢėşɀ߻ںѓݓॠəş нমęӼχ؉ɦ͆Čؓؓ߹ėşۆ۹ۤę܁قԴࡓࡾ

ν࣡͆ۋɮقьԦॣսەəۍۤڿͳьԦںز܃ॠ يًॡۺ؋܁ՁݒʂমęʪşʂॣսەںìڷͿ

ࣺɳʽɰ.

ÇԐۆŘ

ٍ҆ĵəॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙş҆Ԑغۍ‘ݓॠؒъ Ǵَقȃݓ۹ۤںڦॢ४֮şցÒь’ۆێঞڷͿս ॱʼؽ֥ɦɰ.

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׌෴ࡧ

1997țԴڐʂॡİėęʂॡۙڙėॡę ėॡԐ

1999țԴڐʂॡİʂॡڙۙڙėॡę

ėॡԵԐ

2002țʴąʂॡİʂॡڙࢹЀėॡę

ėॡчԐ

ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ Ըےٍĵڙ (E-mail; [email protected])

ࠑܛ૴

1994țԴڐʂॡİėęʂॡۙڙėॡę

ėॡԐ

ėॡԵԐ

2000țԴڐʂॡİʂॡڙݓĵঞą֨

֟ࢰėॡҙ ėॡчԐ

৉଀լ

ইۦ ॢĶݓݗۙڙٍĵڙ ݓĵঞąٍĵ҆ҙ ޾ےٍĵڙ (欧G 彳櫾躇G 缧48嘳G 缧3埲G 垾畢)

+POOZ3VURWJTU

1988țMsc., Geotechnlogy, Lulea Univ.

of Technology, Sweden 1990țTechnical Licentiate, Rock Mecha-

nics, Lulea Univ. of Technology, Sweden

1995țPh.D., Engineering Geology, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden ইۦ Staff Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,

California, USA (E-mail; [email protected])

ࢮܑ෮

1998țԴڐʂॡİėęʂॡۙڙėॡę

ėॡԐ

ėॡԵԐ

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