Characteristics of Nano Particle Precipitation and Residual Ozone Decomposition for Two-Stage ESP with DBD

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(1)대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집.

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(5) *. **. *. · · · †. Characteristics of Nano Particle Precipitation and Residual Ozone Decomposition for Two-Stage ESP with DBD Jeong-Hoon Byeon, Jun-Ho Ji, Ki-Young Yoon and Jungho Hwang Key Words :. Dielectric Barrier Discharge( ), ESP(Electrostatic Precipitator, . ), Particle Precipitation(

(6) ), Ozone Decomposition( ) Abstract. DBD(Dielectric Barrier Discharge) plasma in air is well established for the production of large quantities of ozone and is more recently being applied to aftertreatment processes for HAPs(Hazardous Air Pollutants). Although DBD high electron density and energy, its potential use as nano and sub-micron sized particle charging are not well known. Aim of this work is to determine design and operating parameters of a two-stage ESP with DBD. DBD and ESP are used as particle charger and precipitator, respectively. We measured particle precipitation efficiency of two-stage ESP and estimated ozone decomposition of both pelletized MnO2 catalyst and pelletized activated carbon. To examine the particle precipitation efficiency, nano and sub-micron sized particles were generated by a tube furnace and an atomizer. AC voltage of 7~10 kV(rms) and 60 Hz is used as DBD plasma source. DC -8 kV is applied to the ESP for particle precipitation. The overall particle collection efficiency for the two-stage ESP with DBD is over 85 % under 0.64 m/s face velocity. Ozone decomposition efficiency with pelletized MnO2 catalyst or pelletized activated carbon packed bed is over 90 % when the face velocity is under 0.4 m/s in dry air.. 1.. 9:; 0$. <= "67 >?) @AB CD EFG H IJK L M 4 NOM P

(7) Q RS$.(1) Table 1 T@ #U VW@0 ( 5

(8) - '(X DBD , YZ [\8D ]^

(9) + _H`$.(1) DBD ) :\! (8) 67 - '( a$ b (1) cd ef , HAPs g& VOCs, NOx, CFCs, SOx h) >?X ij T@jkl = mB!" #$.

(10) 7R, <= L n8 ) op qr 0 s t) uvw, xe Sano(3) h ) DBD X ( 5 Cy z@ {| n8) opX j}= 5 # T}$. DBD bL (867D ~ j.

(11). (non-thermal plasma)

(12) DBD(dielectric barrier discharge) (volume plasma) !" #$.(1, 2) %& '((glow discharge)) * + (larger volume excitation), - '((corona discharge)) "( ./0 12 345 "67 (8) * ** †. NT

(13) , , E-mail : [email protected] TEL : (02)2123-2821 FAX : (02)312-2159. 1 1678.

(14) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. Table. 1. Characteristics Parameters of and Dielectric Barrier Discharge. Corona. 8D DBD

(15) ( H njk Ç ( È ÉÊ(tube furnace, Lenton Furnaces model GTF12/25/364),, I1 n8 9: (atomizer) !w Ë7 9: n8) ÌÍ4 ´ÎÏ H) CÐX Ç Ñ 0$. ( È É Ê NaCl( Ò 20-100 nm)X 9:jk", I1 n8 9: DOS(dioctyl sebacate, Ò 80-800 nm) n8D 9:jÓ º MX YZ ./jÔ Õ) ÒD 7 n8D ´ÎÏ H njÖ$. c) n ) i ×L 0.64 m/s `$. ´ÎÏ DBD

(16) (Â, ( opÂD ¸4= n8) J } z@ Á±0 ØÙ ÚÊD ¸ n8 Û °] SMPS(scanning mobility particle sizer, TSI 3936) jÜv n!U T0$. n! n8) J}D Co, DBD

(17) (ÂR on !`X c) J}D CD, DBD

(18) (Â, op Â ÕÝ on !`X c) }D CDE

(19) +, o p3ÞX qf) ßv _H`$.. ş Corona Discharge DBD pressure(bar) 1 1 electric field(kV/cm) 0.5-50 0.1-100 reduced field(Td) 2-200 1-500 electron energy(eV) 5 1-10 -3 13 electron density(cm ) 10 1014 degree of ionization small 10-4 ş P) :\ P :\ } 0$.(2) W T@) P dD p$. - '(X = T } P *= H +< d !U #$.(4-5) ]^5 "}) HAPs ) DBD J # ) &, T 8 h) PL Q d !7 X J #7R, VW H , L }) HAPs(Hazardous Air Pollutants) P & P) t Wj

(20) $. ¡ H T ) & 9:

(21) PX 0.05 ppm

(22) ¢

(23) " #v ,(4) ¡H qr < = d *= B£5 '¤ ¥!U #7 L ¦$. § mB ¨©5v DBD D n8 ª >? *= j «X ¬

(24) 7R &® *= ¯m B DBD n8

(25) (°± ) \²³D ´5v Jµ

(26) ¶$. ·= DBD D ¸ :\! P) t *= '¹v DBD ºi C» MnO2 ¼½ · ¾\¿ À(bed)D Á±

(27) + ¯ t\² j {| t\² z@ *= ´X J µ

(28) ¶$.. η η. D. DE. C C. = 1 −. (1). D 0. C DE C 0. = 1 −. (2). DBD

(29) (Â) (©L à(copper foil)X Ñ

(30) ¶", , á ÝZ 30×80×0.03(mm3) `$. (£ (© âL 4 mm " 4 iv B\

(31) ¶$. DBD 9: (-( CyL AC 10 kV-1.1 mA(rms)w, ãäJ 60 Hz

(32) ¶$. DBD

(33) (ÂD ¸4

(34) +

(35) (0 n8 "( (DC -8 kV) 7 ³å1 ( opÂ Ò o0$. DBD

(36) (Â, opÂ) ( I { DMA(TSI 3081), CPC(TSI 3022A)D ¸ n 8 Ò T0$. NaCl. Excess Flow. Diluter. Rotameter Dry Clean Air Supply System. 2.. Tube Furnace. Laminar Flowmeter. . CPC. DBD

(37) (ÂD = r 1

(38) ) Ã n8) op \² ³, YZ DBD

(39) (Â H 1\! )= PX t

(40) ´X ÄU j

(41) ¶$.. 210Po. Atomizer (DOS). ACPower Supply. DMA. DCHigh Voltage Power Supply. ~ Rotameter. Function Generator. / 2.1 Fig. 1 n8 op ´ *= °±D _H `$. T Â(clean air supply)D ¸4= VÂ 20 nm Â 1 ÅÆ) n. Excess Flow Diluter DBDReactor. Fig. 1 Schematics of Particle Precipitation Experiment. 2 1679.

(42) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. Fig. 3 ( È ÉÊ 9:jÓ NaCl n8, I1 n8 9: 9:jÓ DOS n 8D ´ÎÏ j njÔ n8 {| øJÒD _H`$. Fig. 4 Fig. 3 _ù Õ(bimodal) 8 *= op ú4D _H`$. DBD

(43) ( Â, ( opÂ ÕÝD on ûX c) op\²L n8) ü?Jý þ

(44) X _H `", DBD

(45) (ÂR on ûX c) op\²L 100 nm X v

(46) ) ÅÆ op\² þ

(47) X _H`$.. 2.2 Fig. 2 , ´°±D B\

(48) ¶$. Fig. 1 ) DBD

(49) (Â ÂX 1 iv æç

(50) + P 9: ) T@D iè@

(51) ¶$. DBD

(52) (Â H) ( ©L op´4 é7 0.03 mm à(copper foil)X Ñ

(53) ¶$. êÕ(mica) B\0 å1 DBD

(54) (Â T ÂD ¸ D njÔ PX 9:jÖ$. 9:0 PL DBD

(55) (Â) ºi Á±= C»(pelletized) MnO2 ¼½ ëL ¾\¿ ìp ÀX ¸4jÔ íB PT (PortaSens , Ati, resol. 0 - ±2 %)D

(56) + T

(57) ¶$. PtD Ç Ñ 0 '¹L Q á 7 PX VT= £jX î º ¯ , ) } tÞX ï

(58) '¹(8t)4, P * VT £j ð ÈX

(59) + t

(60) '¹(Èt), 7ñv C» MnO2 , ¾\¿X DBD

(61) (Â ºi ò Á±

(62) + MnO2 ¼½ )= @A5 t, ¾\¿) óôtD

(63) '¹X ´ 5

(64) ¶$. Pt Ñ 0 Bed(2×8×5 cm3) ìp> C » MnO2(φ5 mm pellet, Carulite 200 Catalyst, Carus Chemical), ¾\¿(φ 4 mm pellet, Í¿C»¾\_ õ ö¿ç(ã))X ÕÝ ÷ 100 24 j y C º Ñ

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(66) Fig. 5 ( 5 Cy {| P) :\[\ X _H`$. DBD

(67) (Â ! ãäJ) { '( øj (-( YZ þ

(68) l, c P þ(4)

(69) ú4D a¶$. ·= DBD

(70) (ÂD ¸4

(71) ) i ×) þ DBD ) £jX U P « çYX ï

(72) ¶$. Fig. 6 PtD Ç Ñ 0 á 7 ' ¹ *= ú4MX _H`$. J) ÅX

(73) Ç yCCy(R.H. 25 %)

(74) P tÞX T

(75) ¶$. 8tD = '¹ML i × ÷ 0.4 m/s

(76) ) & P tÞ 90 % X ï

(77) ¶$. < i × 0.4 m/s a$ D &, Èta$ MnO2 ¼½ · ¾\¿X = t'¹) P tÞ ÷ 60 % T} b X ï

(78) ¶$.. . 3.1

(79). 9.E+05 ACPower PowerSupply Supply& & AC Power Supply & AC FunctionGenerator Generator Function Generator Function. Plate-TypeHeater Heater Plate-Type Rotameter Rotameter Rotameter. FlowStaightner FlowStaightner FlowStaightner. DryClean CleanAir Air Dry Supply Supply. DBDReactor Reactor DBD Reactor DBD. Concentration (dN/dlogDp) 0. FlowIn In Flow. BandHeater Heater Band Heater Band. NeedleValve Valve Needle Valve Needle. LaminarFlow Flow Laminar Flow Laminar Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Vacuum Meter eter M eter M TransducerPum Pum M ass Flow M Transducer Pum eter Transducer Pum M ass Flow M eter Transducer pppp Mass Flow Meter. (2) (2) (2). (1) (1) (1). W aterVapor Vapor ater Vapor W ater Vapor W ater Generator Generator Generator Generator. ContactTime Time (1)::Long LongContact Contact Time (1) 550~2800?**?10 10-6-6-6hr) hr) hr) 550~2800 (( ContactTime Time (2)::Short ShortContact Contact Time (2) hr) 20~70?? 10 hr) 10-6-6-6hr) 20~70 ((. Hum idity Hum idity Hum idity Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator. Manom anometer eter M anom eter M. PelletizedCatalystor or PelletizedCatalyst or PelletizedCatalyst ActivatedCarbon CarbonBed Bed Activated Carbon Bed Activated. 8.E+05. NaCl Nacl. 7.E+05. DO S. 6.E+05. Bimodal. 5.E+05 4.E+05 3.E+05 2.E+05 1.E+05. Ozone Ozone Ozone Monitor onitor M onitor M FlowOut(1) Out(1) Flow Out(1) Flow. 0.E+00 FlowOut(2) Out(2) Flow Out(2) Flow Out(2) Flow. 10. 100. Particle diameter (nm) ş ş ş ş ş ş ş ş ş Fig. 3 Particle Size Distributionş ş. ş Fig. 2 Schematics of Ozone Decomposition Experimentş. 3 1680. 1000.

(80) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. Face Velocity(m/s) 0.9 0.7. 100 95. 0.5. 0.3. 100. Collection Efficiency (%). 90. Ozone Conversion(%). 85 80 75 70 65 60 55. DBD on-ESP off. 50. DBD on-ESP on. 45. 80 Pelletized MnO2 Catalyst Ο Pelletized Activated Carbon Self Decomposition ∆ Thermal Decomposition(150oC). 60. 40 Long Contact. 20. 40. Short Contact. 10. 100. 1000. 0. Particle Diameter (nm). Fig. 4. 10. 100. 1000. 10000. Contact Time(×10-6hr). Collection Efficiency. Fig. 6 Comparison of Ozone Decomposition. (60 Hz, 10 kV, Face Velocity = 0.64 m/s). ) CyL * }

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(82) 25 %, 85 %V c ]^5 ©i5v yC

(83) " = Cy ) Pt \²) j *= z@D ï

(84) Ç Ä`$. ´ ç jX Ç Fig. 9 ) ´ i ×X 1.5 m/s

(85) ¶$. yC Cy ¯ 3 j Pt \ ² MnO2 ¼½ ³ 3 % T} b7R, 5 j º MnO2 ¼½a$ ¾\¿) \² ³ 2 % T} b$. " Cy ¯ 5 j º) \² ÕÝ MnO2 ¼½a$ ¾\¿) tÞ ³ 5 % T} b$.. Fig. 7 C» ¾\¿v ìp0 Bed ) * } z@ {| Pt [\X ´ ¯ , 5 j º) \²X (a), (b)

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(87) _ H`$. ·= Fig. 8 C» MnO2 ¼½ ì p0 Bed ) * } z@ {| P t \ ²X ´ ¯ , 5 j º) \²z@ [\X (a), (b)

(88)

(89) _H`$. Fig. 9 C» MnO2 ¼½, ¾\¿) j {| \²z@ [\X yC 2 * (a), (b)

(90)

(91) _H`$. yC, 160. 2. . Current Curve. 4.. Face Vel. = 1.5 m/s 1.6. Face Vel. = 2.5 m/s 1.2. . 80. 9.0 kV 8.75 kV. 0.8. (1) DBD D = 2 i1 ( op ) n 1

(92) ) op3ÞL ÷ 85 % `$.. Current(m A). Ozone Generation(ppm ). Face Vel. = 2.0 m/s 120. (2) 8tD = Pt '¹ML i × 0.4 m/s

(93) ÕÝ 90 % `", i × 0.4 m/s V & MnO2 ¼½ , ¾\¿X = '¹ Èt '¹a$ Pt \² ÷ 60 % T} b$.. 8.25 kV 40. 8.0 kV 0.4. (3) MnO2 ¼½, ¾\¿) * } *= PtÞX ]^ c, MnO2 ¼½ * } 25 % 85 %

(94) , ¯ , 5 j º

(95)

(96) 3 %, 6 % T} \² «ç

(97) ¶", W ¾\¿) & ¯ , 5 j º

(98)

(99) 3 % , 5 % T} \² þ

(100) ¶$.. 7.5 kV 0. 0. 100. 200. 300. Applied Frequency(Hz) Fig. 5 Ozone Generation Characteristics. 4 1681.

(101) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. 0.6. Face Velocity(m/s) 0.4. 0.6. 0.2. Face Velocity(m/s) 0.4. 0.2. 100. Ozone Conversion(%). 96. Ozone Conversion(%). 96. R.H. = 25 % R.H. = 50 % R.H. = 65 % R.H. = 73 % R.H. = 80 %. 92. 88. R.H. = 25 % R.H. = 50 % R.H. = 65 % R.H. = 73 % R.H. = 80 %. 92. 88. 84. 84 80. 80 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 20. 70. 30. Face Velocity(m/s) 0.4. 0.6. 0.2. R.H. = 25 % R.H. = 50 % R.H. = 65 % R.H. = 73 % R.H. = 80 %. 70. 84. 80. 76. Face Velocity(m/s) 0.4. 0.2. R.H. = 25 % R.H. = 50 % R.H. = 65 % R.H. = 73 % R.H. = 80 %. 88. Ozone Conversion(%). Ozone Conversion(%). 60. (a) Initial Condition. (a) Initial Condition. 88. 50. Contact Time(×10-6hr). Contact Time(×10-6hr). 0.6. 40. 84. 80. 76. 72. 72. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 20. 70. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. Contact Time(×10-6hr). Contact Time(×10-6hr) (b) After 5-hr Performance. (b) After 5-hr Performance. Fig. 7 Effect of Relative Humidity on % Conversion of Ozone (Activated Carbon). Fig. 8 Effect of Relative Humidity on % Conversion of Ozone (MnO2 Catalyst). (4) i ×X 1.5 m/s "T

(102) ¶X c), ¾\¿ 4 MnO2 ¼½) Ñ j *= \²z@ [\ L yC Cy ¯ 3 j P t \² MnO2 ¼½ ³ 3 % T} &JYX a¶7 R, 5 j º C» ¾\¿) \² ³ 2 % T} b$. " Cy ¯. 5 j º \² ÕÝ MnO2 ¼½a$ ¾\¿) tÞ ³ 5 % T} b$.. 5 1682.

(103) 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집. 100. . Ozone Conversion(%). 90. (1) Eliasson, B., 1991, Nonequilibrium Volume Plasma Chemical Processing, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 1063-1077. (2) Falkenstein, Z., 1998, Application of Dielectric Barrier Discharges, 12th Int. Conf. High-Energy Particle Beams, pp. 117-120. (3) Sano, Y., Kuroda, Y., Kawada, Y., Takahashi, T., Ehara, Y and Ito, T., 2001, Effect of Electric Source Frequency at ESP by Barrier Discharge System, J. Aerosol Sci., Vol. 32, pp. 883-884. (4) Dorsey, J. A. and Davidson, J. H., 1994, Ozone Production in Electrostatic Air Cleaners with Contaminated Electrodes, IEEE Trans. Industry Appl., Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 370-376. (5) Boelter, K. J. and Davidson, J. H., 1997, Ozone Generation by Indoor, Electrostatic Air Cleaner, Aerosol Sci. Technol., Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 689-708. (6) Einaga, H., Ibusuki, T., and Futamura, S., 2001, Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid System Comprising Silent Discharge Plasma and Manganese Oxide Catalyst for Benzene Decomposition, IEEE Trans. Industry Appl., Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 1476-1482.. 80 70 60. MnO2 Catalyst(Initial) Activated Carbon(Initial). 50. MnO2 Catalyst(5-hr) 40. Activated Carbon(5-hr). 30 0. 50. 100. 150. 200. Time(min) ş ş ş ş ş ş (a) Dry Condition ş 100. Ozone Conversion(%). 90. 80. 70. 60. MnO2 Catalyst(Initial) 50. Activated Carbon(Initial) MnO2 Catalyst(5-hr) Activated Carbon(5-hr). 40. 30 0. 50. 100 Time(min). 150. 200. (c) Wet Condition. Fig. 9 Change of Average Rate of the Decomposition of Ozone on MnO2 Catalyst and Activated Carbon during 3-hr Running. § mB Â 7;

(104) á* 4(4: 2002-2-0498) ) Jµ! `vw, Û8 +<Z «Ñ$. ·=, ¾\¿X (ã)ö¿ç Û8Z «Ñ $. 6 1683.

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