IEG 환경지질연구정보센터

전체 글

(1) , 36, 3 , 177-189, 2003 Econ. Environ. Geol., 36(3), 177-189, 2003.

(2)

(3) . . . .

(4) . . . . Heavy Metal Retention by Secondary Minerals in Mine Waste Rocks at the Abandoned Seobo Mine Min-Ju Kang1, Pyeong-Koo Lee1*, Sang-Hoon Choi2 and Seong-Cheon Shin1 1. Geological and Environmental Hazards Department, KIGAM, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National Univ.. 2. The main purposes of this study are to utilize mineralogical studies such as optical microscope, XRD and SEM/ EDS analyses to characterize the oxidation of sulfide minerals and the mechanisms controlling the movement of dissolved metals from waste rocks at the abandoned Seobo mine. Mineralogical research of the waste rocks confirms the presence of anglesite, covellite, goethite, native sulfur and nsutite as secondary minerals, suggesting that these phases control the dissolved concentrations of As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The dissolved metals are precipitated, adsorbed and/or coprecipitated with(or within) Fe(Mn)-hydroxides and Mn(Fe)-hydroxides. The main phases of secondary mineral, Fe-hydroxide, can be classified as amorphous or poorly crystalline and more crystallized phases(e.g. goethite) by crystallinity. Amorphous or poorly crystalline Fe-hydroxide has relatively high As contents(9-24 wt%). This poorly crystalline Fe-hydroxide changes toward more crystallized phase(e.g. goethite) which contains relatively low As(0.6-7.7 wt%). These results are mainly due to the progressive release of As with the crystallization evolution of the As-trapping poorly crystalline Fe-hydroxides. It is also attributed to the differences of specific surface areas between the poorly crystalline Fe-hydroxides and well crystallized phases. The dissolved metals from waste rocks at Seobo mine area are naturally attenuated by a series of precipitation(as Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb), coprecipitation(Fe, Mn) and adsorption(As, Cu, Pb, An) reactions. The results of mineralogical researches permit to assess the environmental impacts of mine waste rocks in the areas, and can be used as a useful data to lay available mine restoration plan.. Sulfide mineral, oxidation, secondary mineral, heavy metal retention, SEM/EDS.

(5)

(6) !"#$ %& '() *+,- %& '() . /0123 45 6 6 78,- %& '() 9 :;<0= >?@= AB $' CDE= F G HI,JK G L MD (N B OP Q R' H S - MD (N B OP Q R'L B*

(7) OP*

(8) TUVWX YAVZ[. - B*

(9) L \][^ _L ` aL ` AB Jb 6c- MD \][^ _L B*

(10) ^ deVK \][^ f aL B*

(11) AB F g &Jb _L hi d eVj- `L \][^ _L B*

(12) TUVjk MD^ B*

(13) \][^ aRlm MD) n eZ opWX Mqm& G ZI `Jb - Jbrs t 2iuDL A v YA w TU F

(14) %/x 9y -8 #]

(15) zJb{ 1| $'&Jb ]

(16) V# }- ~ %& '(\L Z l

(17) %& 3 ^ * } # ^ u $b 0 * }

(18)

(19) G t #]

(20) . .

(21) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "#$$. !. . . % & '(. % . ) & '( * . . . . . . . .

(22) . . !. . . . *Corresponding author: [email protected]. .

(23)

(24) $ / G =$ 07P O) *# #,-$ : ) =Y T9;4 ; $%) %I V (l S *# !" # $ % &'() *# +#,-$ ./ 0 | 0 *1 * x 1 23/4 #,-$

(25) 567) *# #9I (u #9$% -

(26) / x < =>? xF 8

(27) 9$ :. ;

(28) < ; 9$% -

(29) ? / =>?@ #: A1$ $% \] _\ G YZ x " # I k(l :V u9#7) 9$

(30) B C6() D" / $ EF G HI J KLI CM() N$ OP% Q : B C6(4 ; B ;-(l R S(4 TU *# #,-V W $% S .. $ FbI / ;X -

(31) YZ G [ 0/ 9# \] ^" _\ ` EF(u (4 9$ ;

(32) ) $% *# #,V -

(33) / 0ab$ EF< $ = c) deI fg() N OP QR S(4 hi$ *# #,-V .

(34) -

(35) / ;X; y. %" 69yV QjB k(l 4m $ YZ7An # $% U C : $ o-b. p9 qr [ s # t Jc(u O4 ¡ V ¢£ x¤ * \] ^" _\7u O)F$ 2 ; 7P OV¥ U ¦ *§ : ¦ F QR v&(w C67u O4 A ¨U ©:V ª&7P «Vn ¬, 9d x ¢; ©/ ) !T( 4 ® ;¯ ° ¨ ±² ~z; O³Vn ) ´]µ y$% U: A7P ¶: · O4 A ~¸ ¹$ ;u Fz :{ H|}I ~9( J

(36) %) =F |c7P OV¥ :cz ¹$ (; -

(37) ,- G ;1$ #: A1I OP ¹ º» CK$ ! R¼F O4 % ;

(38) (u 9$% 'b7) [$ F ¨ " ½~¾¿À ÁÂ¿À$ 67PW ( y$% () ÁÃÄ ÃÅÂÁÂ ¯$ ;@I 2Æ . . . . . . . . . . . ' #. (" ). . . . . . . . .

(39)

(40)

(41) .

(42) . !

(43) . .

(44)

(45)

(46) . . . . . . . . . . . * +, &- .. * & ,. . .

(47) . . . . -+. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . #

(48) $%. . . . !. . . . " . . . . . /+. 0. .. . &. . . . . . . Geological Map of the Seobo mine area..

(49) ÃÇ ÈÅ²#§ÂV b7P O4 #7u O)B (u (4 " #§Â ÁÂ $ qb/ ÉÊI 5(l " · _1TíTî2 &Ë/ l ª½ ¡dÌV b/4 ; =8 @ dÌ" ©¿ ^" { x ÉÊI 5 DV E6(w &Ë(¥ ÌÍ" Î $%. Ñ ;$ ;ÏÐ 4»(u e" ) CÒ F ¨:;4 dÌ$% 7) " ÓÔ ;u | Á 0 * q ÕC x; C/4 ;@ $% 0 * x >; Ö4 dÌ ²Â ×Ø ) Ù( w ¹7P ÚÅ²# ÛÜ# *# x ¹ ,-I ÝÞV¥ q *; ßV / 4 à d. .

(50) . 909. . 8 ] B. @938@5':. . . %. . 1. . !2 %

(51) . #13. !

(52) . (". %. . $$ 1. .

(53) . 9! " %

(54) !4

(55) 9('. . !

(56) . '. ! . ) . 4

(57) . #. 13. . %!4"

(58) . 4. . 2!

(59) . . . . . . . . . . . . . y$% 7) I 0 ÓÔ S *# #9$ 2 : G #,-V \]/ [I 19( J(l $ |c7P O) áB ¬â(l ãäI U , Ñ= B T(4 åµ S *# #9I æ(w 2ç( J

(60) % á + #9$ èé% ãäI ©K:V U,(4 . . . . . . . = 2ç$% 19( P¼Å [$ 1 9 ê á : ½b[;B ( J

(61) ~ Á{8I T(4 ~ Á{8" . . 5. 5. 5*(9:;. (. (6787(. α= + <>.

(62) 22 % #<. B ;-(u θ 8 < . . 0. #. . . . %'. Ð I Ñ-(l ÔëV (4 . . & ?+.. . . . %$% ¬â á S I 19(u ê á$% 7) *# #, -$ èm *# ¹åb G \]/ [ ¹ I 19( J

(63) B T(4 ì oP -

(64) / ;X; \]/ # G #Ó Ô x$

(65) YZI k(l :V u9 . . 909. . . . Microphotographs showing the minerals in waste rock from the Seobo mine(Asp: Arsenopyrite, Cp: Chalcopyrite, Fe-Ox: Fe-oxides, Fe(Mn)-Ox: Fe(Mn)-oxides, Gn: Galena, Go: Goethite, Mn-Ox: Mn-oxides, Py : Pyrite, Sp: Sphalerite)..

(66)

(67) 4) C-$% ¨:V F ^" F r. ;-(l ]= ¯|ï]d ê ?$ (l åb ~$ 6 '3 ^" 6'3 < " þ;X #ÿ qr ~8 8I T(4 () ?B ~:V ì YZ() DV . &. "A . ! .

(68) %. . 5. − . . .. −. . .

(69) .

(70) %$% 2ç7) " | *1 G * æ× _'2KB ðu /4 #,- G [ 'b" Æ Fz< Æ $ &Ë/ ñÉ B è é &'(u O4 [) C # ; 2ç7u ¨ òóé ;ô G * ; \]7P O4 ñÉ $% 2ç7) C # òóé;ô R K $ C#; ñÉ põ$) òóé;ôF \]7P O4 ;) ¨[:V C#; ö÷ \]/ ¯$ òóé;ôF \]/ DV ø©/4 8 $ ( Æ Fz$ ) · ÓÔC#; \]7P OV¥ Ö" » ? h < ?> h ; ù/4 ;@ C#" Æ Fz$ \]/ Dú$ o(u 4 ? >; ì ûw ù/4 ;D" C# ; \]ü ý " »;X4) þ; X #ÿ qr () ? x YZ; ì ;) x ; ½b7³ ý. DV ø ©/4 s b $% \]/ C#" ](F »](B u O ý$ »;X

(71) . !

(72) ) . . . .

(73) " . B44 B

(74) . C!!

(75) #. . . ! . . . .

(76) . Back-scattered electron image and the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum of the fracture within sphalerite.. ". . 9. . . . . D. . + D.

(77) &. . '. 6. . ) . . . . . Back-scattered electron image and the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum of the edge of altered sphalerite.. Back-scattered electron image and the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum of Fe-(oxy) hydroxides around sphalerite..

(78) ø©/4 ù/4 ; ñÉ $ \]/ C# ¨ ) #,-V .(l *# -

(79) / * $) ?< ?> ? G ;X; C#$ F ù/4 u | _'2KB ; YZV UA7P #$

(80) u9#7u O ) ¹$ \]/ C#$) þI 4 ?< ; ù7n > C#$ YZ/ ? G . ?/ D. . #. . .

(81) . .. (".

(82) +. . . +?.& D. . .

(83) EDS data (wt.%) of oxide mineral around sphalerite within waste rock at the Seobo mine. sample No. SB2-7 SB9-2-2 SB9-3-3 SB9-3-4 SB9-3-5 SB9-3-6 SB9-3-7 SB9-3-8 min max mean. S. Fe. O. Zn. Cu. As. Pb. As/Fe. Pb/Fe. Zn/Fe. Cu/Fe. 0.00 4.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.69 0.00 4.60 1.04. 45.55 67.06 40.83 53.30 59.38 59.80 54.33 65.83 40.83 67.06 55.76. 17.78 14.52 18.12 14.89 16.08 13.48 16.41 11.01 11.01 18.12 15.29. 4.79 5.91 6.61 8.65 5.12 5.59 4.55 9.04 4.55 9.04 6.28. 0.00 4.76 2.33 8.70 3.68 8.49 0.00 1.88 0.00 8.70 3.73. 19.92 2.75 10.58 14.46 15.73 7.20 7.02 6.07 2.75 19.92 10.47. 0.00 0.00 21.53 0.00 0.00 4.92 17.71 2.48 0.00 21.53 5.83. 0.437 0.041 0.259 0.271 0.265 0.120 0.129 0.092 0.041 0.437 0.202. 0.000 0.000 0.527 0.000 0.000 0.082 0.326 0.038 0.000 0.527 0.122. 0.105 0.088 0.162 0.162 0.086 0.093 0.084 0.137 0.084 0.162 0.115. 0.000 0.071 0.057 0.163 0.062 0.142 0.000 0.029 0.000 0.163 0.065. Back-scattered electron image of weathered galena in waste rock. Corresponding X-ray map shows the distribution of O, Fe, Cu, S and Pb..

(84)

(85) >I >$ (l ©J >$ YZ/ ê Ñ;ô< K $% 2ç7³4 ; ù7P òóé; ? >I K(4 ? Y òóé;ô$) Z; Fz Ö; ;

(86) P V¥ YZ; Fz : ô 2ç7) 8$ ´](w c 7 " ¨ w ;

(87) P 4 ©J > YZ/ ?>) |; OAn ^" F ÿ7P OI DV h? $% h Eñ V 9/4 8/ b8 $% ?F 9 ù $ YZ7) Eñ ?>" úI =4 © 7 ¨ Fb; ì ûI DV ø©/4 J > YZ/ >) ≤ Eñ $ Eñ YZ; ; V¥ YZ) Eñ u YZ) ≤ Eñ V $

(88) EDS data(wt.%) of rims of altered galena. Eñ>; YZ7³þ; Sample No. S O Cu As Pb SB9-1-5 31.83 3.61 48.24 16.32 !./4 SB9-1-1 15.23 4.26 1.06 79.46 .

(89) /. ;"! . -& D. . . . ("3. . +. +&/. . . . . &- D. ("3. ;"! . ./. . . . . . +?-. -&. . . .. -.. . . -. . . | " G *1 C(l /4 | #,-" Æ FzB èé ¨Pn) DV 2ç/4 åµ +#,-I Ù(w Ý" á$% 2ç7) | Æ FzB èé [; 7u O4 B ;- 8 | #,-$

(90) | Fz$ \]/ [" b8 ?F < b/ DúI nu OP | Æ Fz$ \]/ ; Ñ;ô . DI (u O4 Ñ;ô$) < ? F ù7³V¥ ;D" < ?F YZ$

(91) UA/ DúI 4 [ 7) òóé;ô) #7 " | [.

(92) . . ! . SB9-1-6 SB9-1-7. -. 15.44 16.58. 3.35. 1.51 -. 83.05 80.07. (" . . . .

(93) . 9. . . . (". !

(94) . . 3. . ("3.

(95) . +- D. -. . D. . ;"! . (". . Back-scattered electron image and the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum of the edge of altered galena.. Back-scattered electron image of covellite. Corresponding X-ray map shows the distribution of O, Fe, S and Cu..

(96) ´](w UA7P nF ," _Ô@; 'V¥

(97) %$% 7) 0 ; _Ô@ FzB èé mÄI ) [ " q ) M qV /4 ; \]7P O4 8 ;@ [ M 0" : #,-$ Î " òóé;ô !./4 DV ø©/4 #,-I §(w Ý" 0" ¨ 0" Æ FzB èé +#7P C . 4

(98) . '. . .

(99) . . 2. 909. # !2

(100) . . . .

(101) . . Back-scattered electron image of secondary minerals around weathered arsenopyrite in waste rock. Corresponding Xray map shows the distribution of O, Fe, As, S and Cu.

(102) EDS data(wt.%) of secondary minerals around arsenopyrite. Sample No.. O. S. Fe. Cu. As. As/Fe. SB10-1-7 SB10-1-8 SB10-1-9 SB10-1-3 SB10-1-10 SB10-1-11 SB10-1-12 SB10-1-13 SB10-1-14 SB10-1-15 SB10-1-16 min max mean. 22.49 21.52 22.16 21.33 21.90 20.47 21.62 21.59 19.63 20.98 20.45 19.63 22.49 21.29. 2.06 4.06 2.06 4.06 3.06. 50.11 50.85 48.36 51.36 52.64 52.44 50.91 53.92 45.24 53.35 52.05 45.24 53.92 51.02. 4.17 3.64 5.48 3.43 1.93 3.64 3.45 9.65 2.90 3.44 1.93 9.65 4.17. 23.23 23.98 21.94 23.87 23.53 23.45 24.02 24.48 21.43 22.78 24.06 21.43 24.48 23.34. 0.46 0.47 0.45 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.47 0.45 0.47 0.43 0.46 0.43 0.47 0.46.

(103)

(104) . .

(105) EDS data(wt.%) of Fe(Mn)-hydroxide and Mn(Fe)-hydroxide. Sample No.. O. Fe. As. Zn. Mn. Pb. Ca. Cu. K. As/Fe. Zn/Mn. SB2-2 SB2-3 SB2-5 SB2-8 SB2-10 SB2-12 SB2-14 SB2-16 SB2-17 SB2-18 SB2-19 min max mean. 15.08 15.12 12.64 14.59 13.42 13.62 14.27 13.99 13.35 13.38 13.52 12.64 15.74 14.06. 59.22 11.40 0.00 9.97 16.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.69 0.00 0.00 59.22 10.88. 6.66 0.00 0.74 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.00 0.00 6.66 0.83. 0.00 2.66 3.51 2.05 2.00 3.30 1.29 0.62 2.10 1.63 0.80 0.00 3.51 1.81. 17.78 70.15 76.81 71.85 64.14 80.47 82.67 84.46 83.25 58.29 85.18 17.78 85.18 70.46. 0.00 0.00 5.50 0.00 2.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.36 0.00 0.00 5.50 0.92. 1.26 0.68 0.79 1.29 0.89 0.96 0.38 0.30 0.62 0.63 0.27 0.27 1.29 0.73. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.78 0.07. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.00 0.87 0.47 0.62 0.19 0.15 0.22 0.00 0.87 0.25. 0.112 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.052 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.000 0.000 0.112 0.018. 0.000 0.038 0.046 0.029 0.031 0.041 0.016 0.007 0.025 0.028 0.009 0.000 0.046 0.025. # ^" ÓÔC# c 7³þ; !.7 ¥ Ù(w #,-I Ý" 0" ÓÔ C # ´](w c 7P O4 0 ¹$ \]/ # mÄ [ " 8 êê C# òóé; ô K ;³4 9b8 \]/ C#$%) ?F ù7³V¥ ? >" > ¹#F :" DV ! ./4 ; C# ©J >$ YZ/ ? >B K h? $% h Eñ V% $ YZ/ Eñ ?>" ;³4 0I c [) ÓÔ C# ÓÔ C# G ÓÔC# ; % _ '2KB ;u O4 8 ;@ [$) ?< ; YZ7P OV¥ ÓÔ C#$) ¨:V ?F R(w YZ7u ÓÔ C# ^" ÓÔC#$ ) ; R(w YZ7u Oþ; !./4 ; ) ÓÔ C# ÓÔ C# / \] 23/ DV

(106) / 4 s ÓÔ C# / \]" ÓÔ C # 4 " $% 567 ; b $%) " »;X4 þ;X #ÿ qr () ?F :V YZ7¥ # F F(% \]; 567) Ó Ô C# / \] ½. :V û". $%) »;XV () YZ; . . .

(107) . . #. .

(108) . . 9. . . . +?+. D.

(109) ;"! &. . +/. +-. +- . +&. . ;"! &. . 4 B

(110) . . . B

(111) . . . 4 . 4 B

(112) .

(113) 9. . . . ;"! +. . . . . .

(114) . ". . . . . . . . . . 6. . 6. . 6. . . Back-scattered electron image and the results of energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum of Fe(Mn)-Hydroxides (a) and Mn(Fe)-hydroxides (b).. ;

(115) P) DV ø©/4 ÓÔ C# Ó Ô C#$ YZ/ ?< >I G ÓÔ>$ (l êê ©J >$ YZ/ . . . . .

(116) . \]/ ê ? >B K(4 © B èé C# \]7³4 J > YZ/ ? >" Eñ C#" Ñ= ($% 9 [;F % Eñ:V $ ? ; YZ ÷(w 2ç7³4 #,-; Ù(w 7³V¥ ©J ÓÔ> YZ/ >) 56/ *" 8:V nF 9qr _ Eñ V ÓÔ $ ; Y Ô; 'u OV¥ ; : ! _Ô$ Z7³4 ) "#$ qr C#; \]/ D 2ç/4 9F 4) % &' C#$ * " ñÉ B èé #,-I 8 ?< ?> F YZ7P OV¥ Ù(w ÝÞV¥ #,-V -

(117) / b8" ñÉ 9F û" C#4) 9F " ;"! +. /. . . .

(118)

(119) . . . .

(120) . E. . . +-. .. . . .

(121) . . A. !!2 %.

(122) !.

(123)

(124) . . 9. . 4

(125) . . . . Back-scattered electron image of the well crystallized Fe-hydroxides and poorly crystallized Fe-hydroxides in waste rock. Corresponding X-ray map shows the distribution of O, Fe, As and Cu.

(126) EDS data(wt.%) of amorphous or poorly crystallized Fe-(oxy)hydroxide. Sample No. SB10-2-5 SB10-2-6 SB10-2-7 SB10-2-8 SB10-2-9 min max mean. O 17.89 21.37 19.55 20.95 21.32 17.89 21.37 20.216. S 1.19 1.17 1.17 1.19 1.18. Fe 70.13 56.51 65.68 55.17 55.36 55.17 70.13 60.57. Cu 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53. As 9.26 22.13 13.6 23.89 23.32 9.26 23.89 18.44. As/Fe 0.132 0.392 0.207 0.433 0.421 0.132 0.433 0.317.

(127) EDS data(wt.%) of well crystallized Fe-(oxy)hydroxide. Sample No.. O. S. Fe. Cu. As. SB10-2-1 SB10-2-2 SB10-2-3 SB10-2-4 min max mean. 15.34 16.14 16.77 15.98 15.34 16.77 16.06. 1.05 1.04 1.25 1.04 1.25 1.11. 81.93 75.33 79.60 76.28 75.33 81.93 78.29. 0.63 7.49 2.38 7.74 0.63 7.74 4.56. 0.008 0.099 0.030 0.101 0.008 0.101 0.060.

(128)

(129) C#$ YZ/ ?>; ì û" DV n $ èé YZ7) ?>$ [;F O³4 9 (4 9F " C#$ YZ/ F û" * $ YZ/ ?> " 9F " G h* C#$% ?>" h? $% h 4 Þ4 Eñ ;³4 9F YZ/ ?> :V û" C#$ YZ/ ?>" ; " 4þ % F

(130) ü C O4 Eñ ;4 C " b G #. #$ YZ/ ?>I >$ (l ©J >$ YZ/ ? >B K(4 9 $% 9 C#; 9F û" C F " C# R ©J > YZ # ¹#7% C#$ YZ7³, ? / ?>) h? $% h Eñ F :V -7 ý. DV

(131) (4 V $ YZ/ Eñ ?>" ;³4 9F û" C# R YZ/ ?>F Eñ ;¥ Eñ $ ? ; YZ7P O³4 9 F " C#; YZ ?>" 9F û" C#; YZ ?>$ (l Î )9 Ö4 ; ) "#$ qrB ;) C# $% Þ4 "#$ qr C#$ % 9 [;F 2ç7¥ 9$ èé * G h* 8(4 < * ) 9F % " DV 97¥ h* ) 9F ûw Back-scattered electron image and the results of dispersive spectroscopy spectrum of the well cry2ç/4 ;+ "#$ qr C#" 9 energy stallized Fe-oxides and poorly crystallized Fe-oxides. . .

(132) . -? D. . - D. . ++ D. & D. ;"! .. ?+. D. . ;"!. /

(133) &. -&?//+ D. +.- D. . ;"! -. #

(134) $% &. . . &. &/. . +&&. . &/ . . . ?. . - . .. . - . . . . .

(135) . . . . . %.

(136) . .

(137) EDS data(wt.%) of Fe-(oxy)hydroxide observed along colloform microbands.. inner part outer part outermost part. Sample No. SB10-2-11 SB10-2-16 SB10-2-12 SB10-2-14 SB10-2-15 SB10-2-10 SB10-2-13. O 20.77 21.6 14.24 11.87 12.24 21.95 21.32. Fe 57.15 55.60 74.90 74.03 75.95 53.90 54.76. Cu 1.95 -. As 22.08 22.80 9.26 10.19 9.91 24.15 23.92. As/Fe 0.386 0.410 0.124 0.138 0.130 0.448 0.437. As/Fe correlation in the amorphous or poorly crystallized Fe-hydroxides and the well crystallized Fe-hydroxides..

(138) C#; \]ü ý x ¹#F Ow #;4 |" *1 C 7 \]ü C O) C# 9 [;F 7u Æ FzB èé #; 567P O Ñ;ôF \]7P Ou *; W/4 ;ý 9F " C#; 9 V¥ ù7 % $% &'(u F û" C#4 : ; - ý$ I ì Ö; YZ(, D O) #,-" $ #,-; V

(139) ü C O4 ? $ D4 ì R(, DV 9/ 4 ;) 4þ #/V ¸; /4 1 | #9$% |/ ¨ ;X %$% 7) C. *1 " C#$ YZ7P UP7u O4 #,-V .

(140) -

(141) / ;X" ¨:V C#$ YZI k

(142) UA/4

(143) ¨ ñÉ $) òóé;ôF %$ () #,-$ 2ç7)N $ ß V () * I 0(u O) [ t 1; -

(144) 7% &' ;X;An G * x ; ù7 Þ4 % _'() *1 #,-V .

(145) -

(146) / ; $%) #,-V -

(147) / ;X X; ;1(l \]/ DV ø©/4 ; [ * ; C#$

(148) YZ7P :V u9# # " $% -

(149) / -

(150) . 7) DV ø©/4 ;+ ) B UPI 4 òóé;ô) #,-V $

(151) \ Ã -

(152) / ;X; ) ) c 7P qb $ Ö" » ; YZ ) _\ 7) DV

(153) 7¥ 4 ü C O4u u/ 2 OV¥ % þ " /V ¸7P54 : $% ;< " B 4 0 #9$ 2 $% -

(154) / Cu + FeS + Fe + CuS ?;X" [ \]7 u C#$ Y ) Z/ =>? ù7) DV n(V¥ ;) Cu + ZnS → Zn + CuS

(155) / ?;X; \]$

(156) UA7 4) YZ $

(157) ½{7u OþI (u O4 ¨ C òóé;ô) #7 " | ?F ù7P © [ . Ñ;ô< K $% 2ç7 #$) h ³4 ;+ ) ;X#/ F | J > ?F YZ/ DV !.7 (l c /

(158) 0 C OV¥ 4þ P YZ4) _\ Fb û" DV 9 /4 " #/V ¸ü C O4 ÓÔ C#$%) ? >; ûw ù Cu + PbS → PbSO + 2FeSO + S / ÓÔ C# ÓÔC#$%) :V >; ì ûw ù/4 ;) ; % R -

(159) / ;X" | @ #; \]7) \] s x $ (l . 6. .

(160) . .

(161) 2

(162) 2. ;"! . . 3. (". . 3. . . . ("G3. . . . ("3G3G. . (". . .

(163) . . . . . ". . . . . . . . . /-. . . . . F!. . . #. #. . . <

(164)

(165) " .

(166) . <336. ). @%" . . . 2+ (aq ). (s ). 2+ ( aq). . ( s). . 2+ (aq ). . 2+ (aq ). (s ). ( s). . (". . . +. D. .

(167) /. . ++ . #. . . . 2+ (aq ). . 0. (s ). 4. . 4. . . .

(168) . . . . . . 6. . Summary of the X-ray diffraction data of waste rock from the Seobo mine.. Sample No. SB 3-1 SB 3-2 SB 6-1 SB 7-1 SB 7-2. primary mineral quartz, muscovite quartz, muscovite sphalerite, chalcopyrite, quartz sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, quartz sphalerite, chalcopyrite, quartz. . E

(169) . secondary mineral goethite nsutite sulfur sulfur sulfur.

(170)

(171) G x; ù7³4 ; YZ; ½{7u OV¥ å9 ?B ~:V YZ() DI (u O4 èé% % ) #,-V .(l *# -

(172) / *# #,-V -

(173) / ? ? G ;X; C#$ Y v1) # #ÓÔ$ YZ ZV UA7u OþI (u O4 | #,- | Æ Fz $

(174) µ ½{7P :V u9#7u O4 $ < * G * ; \ ]7³4 |" # $% p9 ! *; $% # $ 3;w 7 [ * qr u9#7u O) DV n ?$

(175) B |4 -

(176) / ) (V¥ ¨ ;X" C#$

(177) YZ7 ?< #I ¨V4 B qb4 P UA7u O³4 ?< () Ô; 5C¤ F 7 0" ÓÔ C# ) Fü D;4 ) * ÓÔ C# G ÓÔC V I qb( ý$ ?B # $

(178) c 7u OV¥ k #4) B )n û;w / C#$) ?F R(w YZ7P O) 4 w4F 'b/ ) B

(179) -

(180) B Ø5

(181) $ ÓÔ C# ^" ÓÔC#" ; F:. 6 B _7V8 *# #B ì R(w YZ7u O4 -

(182) / ;X" C#$ YZ7A 9 Ø5:4 é 'b/ 6 ) 4þ " /I k

(183) C n c I k(l [ . òóé;ôB 'b # ) * % C#7An \]/4 ;V% :V p9#7u O4 C#$ YZ/ ? G %$% &'0 DV 97) F 6 \ >I >$ (l ©J >$ YZ/ ê \] ) 9 C# α qb;4 4þ" êê qb ? >I K $ Eñ ?. ; YZ/ 23/ /;4 DV n(4 Fe + 3H O ↔ Fe(OH ) + 3H 9F û" C#4) 9F " C#$ YZ/ ?>; Î ) ì ûw Fe + 2H O ↔ αFeOH + 3H ù7³V¥ ;) b G # $% 9 C#; 9F û" C# ¹#7 * #,-V .

(184) |/ ;X ÓÔ #,-V .

(185) |/ DV % :V ?F -7 ý;An ^" % 97) < ;X" C# ÓÔC : [;$ . DV ¸ü C O4 # \]/4 ; <lO) # $% *# #,-V .(l &'(u O) ;X

(186) ÓÔ ;X@" \] _\ x #I k(l 4 % 0/ *# #, G YZ -" *# Æ Fz< Æ $ & u9#=V8 z$% :V 9#7u O Ë/ ñÉ B èé &'(u OV¥ $ # ) D; !.7³4 ; : |}" y $ (l $ #; ì R(w G ;1 I 4 µ ;

(187) ()N 0567³4 #,- [ ¹) áF ü D;4 ;> ) 9b8 9> C# ; 2ç7u ¨ 8; ?V 9>8$ TíI C6(l òóé;ô G * ; \] ´0 D;¥ ; : |}" @:; 7P O4 Æ Fz$ \]/ C u U:. H 9$ -0 C OI D #$) Ö" » ? < ?> ;4 . ) . . . #. (". . . . . . &. . . ("3 !

(188) .

(189) . . 77. . . (". . . . . . - %!. 777. . . . . +. %!. . . . . 4 B

(190) . . . . . . . . 4 B

(191) . 4 B

(192) . . 6. . . 6.

(193)

(194) 4. . . . . . . . .. ! " . #. . . . . . . -. . . 36. . 336. . . . . . . . . -. . . 3+ (aq ). 2. (1 ). 3( s). + (aq ). 3+ (aq ). 2. ( 1). ( s). + (aq ). /. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ' # (" ) . . . 3. . . . . . . . B44 B

(195) . . . . ! . . '. . #. (". . .

(196) . . &( ( & &5

(197) ;8 +,. ; ) 2u0Ñ¢ EF G 9#A [ < ¨ A ßª&Ñ¢.

(198) | Aª&Ñ¢ V C67³V¥ ;$ BÑ CMÜ4 . . <:. . /. . -.# /.++ +##0. """. . . * . ). . +1. . 0. $1.,1. /. 2

(199) 3 4

(200) 5( 46 +" 7 0.

(201) . 58

(202) 3 5

(203) 8

(204) 3 9 . """. 7. 5

(205) .3 .00

(206) . ;

(207) 6

(208)

(209) 3

(210) @

(211) 8A 5

(212) 50.

(213)

(214)

(215)

(216)

(217) 9 # # 0 <. +""# - ( ; 4

(218) B 6

(219) 3 8 4- +$# )30. .

(220) B

(221) .

(222) .

(223) .

(224) 3.

(225) 8. 5

(226)

(227) (8 83 ?3

(228) 3

(229) .. 6

(230)

(231) 9 ' '

(232) '

(233) 3 7

(234) ; ""+ . . . %. 8 5

(235)

(236)

(237) (

(238) 3 3 08 5 . 5 5 )5 " 0 $#.$. +,. . 1. 0+1<.+#1 %

(239) .

(240)

(241) @ / / & % &

(242)

(243) '. . $ur 4 '(. $u'(D '(# ]Z - R' OP hOP n

(244) %&

(245) l(

(246) %& W %l . . 3

(247) 2

(248) )5 :( &

(249)

(250) 3

(251) .

(252) .

(253) . 58. & .=5

(254) 3 ) / > = &

(255) 3 6

(256) 4%. 085

(257) .

(258) 3. 7

(259) 8. 30 @

(260) 8. 5

(261) . . % .

(262) 8. 50

(263) . .. 5

(264) ;8 + 1. 0 +$. ; ; /. 2 4

(265) 5( 46

(266) 3 (.. 2 +, 7 3.0

(267) 5(8

(268) 8 5

(269)

(270) &00 &

(271)

(272)

(273) 3(8 C

(274) &

(275)

(276) 3

(277) 4

(278) &

(279) 5.

(280) >838 11 1. 0 $.$+

(281). & ;

(282) 6) 4

(283) 5( 46 /. .% . )00 ;5 < 0 1$.1#. . &

(284) 0

(285) . &4.

(286) 3. 0

(287) 8B. ).

(288) 38 (

(289) 5

(290)

(291) .

(292) .. . é. 85 5

(293) ;8 11 .1 0. %

(294) . ".+$. )00 ;5 +, 0 1<.",. .

(295) (

(296) 8.

(297) ..

(298) 3.

(299) 5 5

(300) 5 .

(301) )8.. ""1 ) 5 303. ?393. 2 >

(302) .. +,. 5 .

(303) 3. 3. é. 3 /

(304) 3 % ( 6 "" ) 5

(305)

(306)

(307) 3 5

(308) 38 5 5(8 3 5

(309) % ?3 &.) 30 5 '

(310) 3. ¡ u#¢*. ""1. <. . ¡ £¤¥I. ""1. #. . .

(311)