Distribution and remediation design of heavy metal contamination in farmland soils and river deposits in the vicinity of the Goro abandoned mine
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(3) . . . . Distribution and remediation design of heavy metal contamination in farmland soils and river deposits in the vicinity of the Goro abandoned mine Minhee Lee1*, Jungchan Choi1 and Jinwon Kim2 1. Department of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyondong, Namgu, Pusan, 608-737 Republic of Korea 2 Dam Environmental Department, Korea Water Resources Corporation, Daejeon, 306-711, Republic of Korea River deposits and farmland soils were analyzed to investigate the pollution level of heavy metals in the vicinity of the Goro abandoned Zn-mine. Surface (0-40 cm) and subsurface (40-100 cm) soils were collected around a main river located at the lower part of the Goro mine, and analyzed by ICP-MS for Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cr after 0.1N HCl extraction and by AAS for As after 1N HCl extraction. Concentrations of cadmium and lead at the surface river deposits close to the mine were over the Soil Pollution Warning Limit (SPWL), and 43% of sample sites (6 of 14 samples) were over SPWL for As suggesting that river deposits were broadly contaminated by arsenic. Results from farmland soil analysis showed that surface soils were contaminated by heavy metals, while only arsenic was over SPWL at 50% of sampling sites. Main pollution mechanism around the Goro mine was the discharge of mine tailing and waste rocks from the storage site to the river and to adjacent farmland during flood season. Pollution Grades for sample locations were prescribed by the Law of Soil Environmental Preservation, suggesting that the pollution level of heavy metals around the Goro mine was serious, and the remediation operation for arsenic and the isolation of mine tailing and waste rocks from river and farmland should be activated to protect further contamination. The area needed to clean up was estimated from pollution distribution data and the remediation methods such as a soil washing method and a soil improvement method were considered as the further remediation operation for arsenic contaminated soils and river deposits around the Goro abandoned mine.. mine pollution, heavy metal contamination, Goro mine, soil contamination.
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(46) % . &! . . . Concentration data. . of heavy metals in the river water originated from the Goro mine (Mean (STD), unit: mg/L) Sample location. Item (surface water1-grade limit). WT1. WT2. WT3. As (below 0.05). 0.031 (0.018). n.d.. 0.014 (0.004). Zn. 0.010 (0.008). 0.006 (0.004). Cu. 0.002 (0.004). 0.002 (0.004). Fe. 0.032 (0.029). 0.020 (0.027). Mn. n.d.. n.d.. Cd (below 0.01). n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. Pb (below 0.1). n.d.. n.d.. Hg (not-detected). n.d. n.d.. WT4. WT5. WT6. n.d.. 0.012 (0.003). 0.011 (0.003). 0.005 0.010 (0.002) (0.008). 0.030 (0.045). n.d.. 0.002 (0.004). 0.002 (0.004). 0.010 (0.022). n.d.. 0.030 (0.067). 0.003 0.001 (0.007) (0.001). WT7. WT8. WT9. n.d.. 0.009 (0.002). 0.010 (0.002). 0.023 0.007 (0.027) (0.005). 0.015 (0.008). 0.009 (0.006). 0.002 (0.004). 0.002 (0.004). 0.005 (0.007). 0.010 0.020 (0.022) (0.027). 0.022 (0.030). 0.010 (0.022). n.d.. 0.007 (0.015). n.d.. n.d.. 0.002 (0.005). n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. +6. Cr (below 0.05). *n.d.: below detection limit *Mean: arithmetic mean (n=5), STD: standard deviation.
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(48) Concentration data of heavy. Item (Surface Water 1-grade Limit) pH (6.5-8.5) As (below 0.05 ppm) Zn Cu Fe Mn Cd (below 0.01 ppm) Pb (below 0.1 ppm) Hg (need non-detect) Cr+6 (below 0.05 ppm). metals in the water at the mine and mine tailings storage site. Sampling Date (Y-M-D). Water in the mine entrance. 500m down-stream from th mine site (WT11). Imediate stream below the tailings site (WT12). 02-5-30. 7.5. 7.1. 6.7. 02-7-10. 7.6. 7.0. 7.1. 02-5-30. 0.018. 0.011. 0.008. 02-7-10 02-5-30 02-7-10 02-5-30 02-7-10 02-5-30 02-7-10 02-5-30 02-7-10. 0.015 3.570 3.879 n.d. 0.010 0.250 0.550 0.023 n.d.. 0.011 1.572 1.400 n.d. 0.073 0.080 0.400 0.007 0.010. 0.045 11.548 3.495 0.065 n.d. 0.560 0.300 0.099 0.155. 02-5-30. 0.044. 0.017. 0.070. 02-7-10. 0.046. 0.010. 0.017. 02-5-30. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. 02-7-10. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. 02-5-30. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. 02-7-10. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. 02-5-30. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. 02-7-10. n.d.. n.d.. n.d.. *n.d.: below detection limit .
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(58) . . Results of heavy metal concentration (unit: mg/kg) and pollution grade for river deposits. Sample I.D. R1-1 R1-2 R2-1 R2-2 R3-1 R3-2 R4-1 R4-2 R5-1 R5-2 R6-1 R6-2 R7-1 R7-2 R8-1 R9-1 R10-1 R10-2 R11-1 R13-1 R14-1 R15-1 Background sample B2-1 Background sample B1-1. Sampling depth (m) 0.1-0.2 0.4-1.0 0.1-0.2 0.4-1.2 0.1-0.2 0.4-1.0 0.1-0.2 0.4-1.0 0.1-0.2 0.4-1.0 0.1-0.2 0.4-1.0 0.1-0.2 0.4-1.0 0.0-0.1 0.0-0.1 0-0.1 0-0.9 0-0.1 0-0.1 0-0.1 0-0.1. Cd. Cu. Pb. Hg. Cr+6. As. pH. 0.44 0.07 1.05 1.12 1.07 0.89 0.27 0.65 0.30 0.86 0.81 0.58 0.82 1.00 0.45 0.35 2.24 1.94 0.20 1.76 (12.97) 2.93. 5.21 2.33 3.79 6.32 3.37 2.56 1.32 9.98 3.25 5.49 5.35 4.49 3.57 5.62 5.00 7.25 8.03 4.27 2.39 2.48 18.36 4.14. 20.06 11.77 31.77 22.95 20.41 14.43 15.65 36.07 13.50 39.57 32.79 26.14 34.52 39.79 19.80 24.05 85.34 51.63 34.25 55.57 (2115.83) 177.20. 0.01 0.01 n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d.. 0.72 0.09 0.69 1.05 0.81 0.81 0.78 1.03 0.79 0.95 0.80 1.32 0.80 0.49 1.30 1.20 0.68 0.54 0.50 0.45 0.91 0.50. 4.65 0.90 1.50 10.00 13.50 3.00 3.80 4.35 1.80 5.35 (18.50) 4.50 11.00 2.50 4.10 3.40 (25.50) 0.80 (19.50) 4.50 (19.50) 0.85. 6.31 6.37 6.04 6.28 6.27 6.45 6.54 6.41 6.44 6.54 6.60 6.70 6.51 6.50 6.42 6.75 6.49 6.64 6.46 6.72 6.63 6.39. 0-0.1. 0.16. 2.61. 9.36. n.d.. 0.58. 2.85. 6.46. 0-0.1. 0.11. 1.22. 4.22. n.d.. 0.56. 2.00. 6.06. Pollution Grade (As) 2 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 4 1 4 2 4 1. *n.d.: below detection limit *bold number: over SPWL(soil pollution warning limit) and parenthetic bold number: over SPCL(soil pollution counterplan limit) *sample name(R#-1: surface deposit, R#-2: subsurface deposit). ;õ;EQ d µ e% 2 H_H $%Ô iI HZ EFG ôe ,N HQ. 3. . 3. d µ e ? ê ef x 5 efLM,@' J w'&x' '&°p %(s e fx'p %7 !*/ ®x ,@F G 5 H)*Ýb + I üýþ * É, ´p 7 5 I
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(87) ! "# $ %& '( . . Results of heavy metal concentration (unit: mg/kg) and pollution grade for farmland soils. Sample I.D.. Sampling depth (m). Cd. Cu. Pb. Hg. Cr+6. Zn. As. pH. Pollution Grade (As). S1-1. 0.0-0.6. 0.40. 3.35. 16.70. 0.05. 0.90. 14.10. 3.80. 6.37. 2. S1-2. 0.6-1.2. 0.10. 1.95. 7.15. n.d.. 1.05. 5.10. 0.60. 6.04. 1. S2-1. 0.1-0.3. 0.15. 3.60. 14.90. n.d.. 1.30. 6.30. 0.95. 6.28. 1. S2-2. 0.4-1.0. 0.20. 3.05. 17.55. n.d.. 1.70. 13.25. 1.20. 6.27. 1. S4-1. 0.0-0.4. 0.35. 4.75. 19.90. n.d.. 1.50. 21.80. (46.00). 6.45. 4. S6. 0.0-0.8. 0.10. 3.30. 19.20. n.d.. 1.35. 4.05. 2.05. 6.54. 1. S7. 0.0-0.8. 0.15. 5.10. 9.05. n.d.. 1.50. 23.50. 1.50. 6.41. 1. S8-1. 0.0-0.1. 1.45. 5.10. 43.05. n.d.. 1.20. 48.95. (28.50). 6.44. 4. S8-2. 0.1-0.6. 0.65. 5.00. 32.70. n.d.. 1.20. 23.50. 10.30. 6.54. 3. S9-1. 0.0-0.6. 0.55. 6.10. 13.90. n.d.. 1.35. 33.50. 14.60. 6.60. 3. S10-1. 0.0-0.6. 1.40. 5.00. 28.90. n.d.. 1.40. 78.00. (40.00). 6.70. 4. S10-2. 0.6-1.0. 0.25. 4.25. 32.00. n.d.. 1.60. 22.00. 3.05. 6.51. 2. Background sample B. 0.0-0.9. 0.10. 3.90. 1.80. n.d.. 1.25. 3.45. 0.50. 6.50. *n.d.: below detection limit *bold number: over SPWL(soil pollution warning limit) and parenthetic bold number: over SPCL(soil pollution counterplan limit) *sample name(S#-1: surface soil, S#-2: subsurface soil). Results. of heavy metals at sampling sites (S10 - S1) for surface farmland soils.. Results. , 1N RÃe ê ô x 0 x 3 SC / ABs ñ x / ,@ Q êefp K ê$/ "FI x 0 c*I p ;õ¹àQ ê ef% BN Æ0 FI $C x p s efLM 2Y 'ø. PQ EF ;N WFI ;õûF; - S x ê$5 FI " g ê efN LM 2Y'ø. HH'5 p % LMH _é O4àÅ WFI ¬qQ r 8 T H_% LMH O4 1$4 "FI >; "@% <= P5 wH y2 Az. WFI ;õûQ. üýþ ê ef% üýþ ê$5 ¸e% 2 Æ0 Ue5 Æ0 RÃe5 Æ0 FI ;õûFG $C x p s efLM 2 Y'ø. PQ ;×Q ]; <H S% ê$C FI ê ef% ê$PQ ;l ;õ; " g ê efN efLM 2 Y'ø.PQ5 ; ! FI üýþ% LMH O4TÅ WFI qQ ÿ ÿ ê$5 ¸e% 2 Æ0 Ue5 Æ 0 RÃe5 Æ0 FI ;õ; ê ef% ¸eC gI ÿp %7 LM4E= X
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