DenseNet 㦚
㦚
䐋
䐋䞲
㠒
㠒Ὴ
㓺
㓺䛎䞧
䌦
䌦㰖
₆
₆㑶
ₖ㏢㦮1, 㥶㑮ἓ1, 㧊㦮㻶1,*1㌗ⳛ╖䞯ᾦ 䦊Ⲓ㰖⓻㩫⽊Ὃ䞯㩚Ὃ [email protected], [email protected]
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Face spoofing detection using DenseNet
So-Eui Kim, Su-Gyeong Yu, Eui Chul LeeDept. of Human Centered Artificial Intelligence, Sangmyung University 殚 殚 檃檃 㠒Ὴ㦚 㧊㣿䞲 㔶㤦㧎㔳 ⻫㦖 ⏨㦖 ㌂㣿 䘎㦮㎇ὒ ⽊䘎㎇ ➢ⶎ㠦 ┺㟧䞲 㟒㠦㍲ 䢲㣿♮ἶ 㧞┺. ⁎⩂⋮ 䌖㧎㦮 㠒Ὴ ㌂㰚㧊⋮ 䎢なⰕ PC ⯒ 䐋䞲 㠒Ὴ ☯㡗㌗ 㨂㌳ὒ ṯ㦖 ㏦㓂㤊 ⻫㦚 䐋 䞲 㠒Ὴ 㓺䛎䞧 Ὃỿ ㌂⪖Ṗ ┺㑮 ⽊ἶ♮ἶ 㧞┺. 䞮㰖Ⱒ ₆㫊㦮 㡗㌗㦮 䎣㓺㻮 䔏㰫㦚 䢲㣿䞲 ⻫㦖 㡗㌗㦮 㽞㩦 ㌗䌲㠦 䀾㟓䞮ἶ ₆Ἒ䞯㔋㠦 ㌂㣿♲ ◆㧊䎆㠦 㦮㫊㩗㧊┺. ➆⧒㍲ ⽊┺ ṫ⩻䞲 㓺䛎䞧 䌦㰖 ₆㑶㧊 䞚㣪䞮┺. ⽎ 㡆ῂ㠦㍲⓪ ┺㟧䞲 ṗ☚㢖 ỆⰂ 䘎㹾 㣪㏢⯒ 䙂䞾䞮⓪ 㧦㼊 ῂ㿫 DB 㢖 DenseNet 㦚 䢲㣿䞲 ❻⩂┳ ₆㦮 㥚㫆 㠒Ὴ Ỗ㿲 ₆㑶㦚 㡆ῂ䟞┺. 1. 昢昢嵦 㡺⓮⋶ ㌳㼊 㧎㔳㦖 ⽊┺ 㞞㩫㩗㧊Ợ 㩚䟞┺. 㡂 ⩂ ㌳㼊 㧎㔳 ⻫ 㭧 㠒Ὴ 㧎㔳 㔲㓺䎲㦖 䘎Ⰲ䞮Ⳇ ỆṦ㧊 ⌄㦖 ⻫ 㭧 䞮⋮㧊┺. 䞮㰖Ⱒ 㰖⋲ ⳝ ⎚ Ṛ 㓺䛎䞧 Ὃỿὒ ṯ㦖 ㌳㼊 㧎㔳 㔲㓺䎲㦮 㧶㨂㩗 䀾㟓㩦㧊 ┺㑮 ⽊ἶ♦┺ [1]. ➆⧒㍲ 㠒Ὴ 㧎㔳㦮 㞞 㩚㎇㦚 ⽊㧻䞮₆ 㥚䟊 ⽊┺ 㩫䢫䞲 㠒Ὴ 㧎㔳 㔲㓺䎲 Ṳ㧊 㣪ῂ♮ἶ 㧞┺. ₆㫊㦮 㡆ῂ㠦㍲⓪ LBP, DCT, SVM 㦚 㧊㣿䟊 㠒Ὴ 㓺䛎䞧 Ὃỿ㦚 䌦㰖䟞┺ [2]. 㧊⩂䞲 㔳✺㦖 ἶ㑮㭖 䔏㰫㧎 㰞Ṧ㦚 ₆㦒⪲ 䞲┺ [3]. ⁎⩂⋮ 㰞Ṧ 㩫⽊ ⓪ 㡗㌗㦮 㽞㩦, 䟊㌗☚㠦 ➆⧒ 㥶㦮⹎䞲 ☯㧧㦚 䞮 㰖 ⴑ䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ⡦ ₆㫊㦮 㡆ῂ㠦㍲ ㌂㣿♲ ╖ 㦮 ὋṲ DB ✺㦖 ỆⰂ, ṗ☚ 䘎㹾㠦 ╖䞲 㩫⽊Ṗ ╊ Ỿ㧞㰖 㞠┺. ⽎ ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲⓪ 㧊⩂䞲 ⶎ㩲㩦㦚 䟊ἆ䞮ἶ㧦 CNN ₆ 㦮 㔶ἓⰳ ⳾◎㧎 DenseNet-121 㦚 䐋䞲 㠒Ὴ 㓺䛎 䞧 Ὃỿ 䌦㰖 ₆㑶㦚 㡆ῂ䟞┺. 㡆ῂ㠦 ㌂㣿䞲 DB ⓪ ỆⰂ, ṗ☚㢖 ṯ㦖 㹾⼚䢪♲ 䔏㎇㦚 Ṗ㰖⓪ PR-FASD 㧊┺ [4]. 2. 懾嵦 ₆㫊㠦 ㌂㣿♮▮ ₆Ἒ䞯㔋 ⳾◎㠦㍲⓪ ㌂⧢㧊 ῂ䡚 䞲 䝚⪲⁎⧾㠦 㦮䟊 㿪㿲♲ 䔏㰫㦚 㧊㣿䞮㡂 䞯㔋䞮 㡖┺. Ⳋ DenseNet-121 㦖 㔶ἓⰳ ⳾◎ 㭧 䞮⋮⪲ 㧛 ⩻ ◆㧊䎆㦮 䔏㰫㦚 㓺㓺⪲ 㿪㿲䞮ἶ 䞯㔋䞲┺. 㧊➢, Densely connection 㦚 ₆㦒⪲ 䞮㡂 layer 㦮 feature
map 㦚 Ἒ㏣䟊㍲ ┺㦢 layer 㦮 㧛⩻ὒ Concatenation 䞲┺. 㯟, concatenation 㡆㌆㦚 㧊㣿䟊 㧊㩚 layer 㦮 㩫 ⽊Ṗ ┺㦢 layer 㦮 㿲⩻㠦 㡆ἆ♾㦒⪲㖾 㾲㽞㦮 㩫⽊ Ṗ Ⱎ㰖Ⱏ₢㰖 㡗♮⓪ ộ㧊┺. 㧊⯒ 䐋䟊 ₆㫊㦮 㔶ἓⰳ⳾◎㠦㍲ ⋮䌖⌂▮ degradation ⶎ㩲㢖 Vanishing-gradient ⶎ㩲⯒ Ṳ㍶䟞┺[5]. (⁎Ⱂ 1)㦖 Densnet-121 ⳾◎㦮 ῂ㫆⯒ ⋮䌖⌎┺. ڃ⁎Ⱂٻڌڄٻڟۀۉێۀکۀۏڈڌڍڌٻ㔶ἓⰳٻ⳾◎ٻ㔳ډٻ 㡆ῂ㠦ٻ㌂㣿䞲ٻڟڝ ⓪ٻἶ㩫♮㰖ٻ㞠㦖ٻ⺆ἓὒٻ㫆ⳛڇٻ ڎٻ Ṗ㰖㦮ٻ ỆⰂڃۉۀڼۍڇٻ ۃڼۇہےڼ۔ڇٻ ڿۄێۏڼۉۏڄڇٻ ⁎Ⰲἶٻ ڎ Ṗ㰖㦮ٻ ṗ☚ڃڽۊۏۏۊۈڇٻ ۈۄڿڿۇۀڇٻ ۏۊۋڄ⧒⓪ٻ 㹾⼚䢪♲ٻ 䔏 ㎇㦚ٻṖ㰖⓪ٻګڭڈڡڜڮڟ 㧊┺ډٻ㧊ٻڟڝ 㠦⓪ٻڎڋ ⳛڃ⋾㎇ڕٻ ڌڔٻ㡂㎇ڕٻڌڌڄ㦮ٻ㔺㩲ٻ㠒Ὴٻ㡗㌗ὒٻ㓺䛎䞧ٻὋỿٻ㰖 ⯒ٻ 㥚䞲ٻ 㧎㐚♲ٻ ㌂㰚ὒٻ 㨂㌳ٻ ゚❪㡺⯒ٻ 㾂㡗䞲ٻ Ṗ㰲ٻ 㠒Ὴٻ 㡗㌗㧊ٻ㧞┺ډٻ ګڭڈڡڜڮڟ 㦮ٻ㡞㔲⓪ٻڃ⁎Ⱂٻ ڍڄ㠦㍲ٻ ⽒ٻ㑮ٻ㧞┺ډٻ
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-2020 온라인 춘계학술발표대회 논문집 제27권 제1호 (-2020. 5)ڃ⁎Ⱂٻڍڄٻګڭڈڡڜڮڟٻ㠒Ὴٻ㧊⹎㰖ٻ㡞㔲ٻڃڌڄڕٻڎ Ṗ㰖ٻỆⰂڇٻ ڃڍڄڕٻڎ Ṗ㰖ٻṗ☚ډٻ 3. 柪柪竞 愕 冶刂 ⽎ ⏒ⶎ㠦㍲⓪ PR-FASD ◆㧊䎆㧊㓺⯒ 䞯㔋, Ỗ㯳, 䎢㓺䔎 ◆㧊䎆⪲ 㧊㣿䞮㡖┺. 㔶ἓⰳ ⳾◎㧎 Densnet-121 㦮 㧛⩻㦒⪲ ✺㠊㡾 㠒Ὴ 㧊⹎㰖⓪ 7ശ7 䋂₆㦮 convolution filter 64 Ṳ⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡂 䞯㔋♮㠞㦒Ⳇ, 㧊 ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 1ശ1 3ശ3 convolution filter ⪲ 㧊⬾㠊㰚 Dense Block 㦖 㽳 4 Ṳ⪲ ῂ㎇♮㠊㪢┺. ṗṗ㦮 feature map 㦮 depth ⓪ 128, 256, 512, 1024 㦒⪲ 2 ⺆㝿 㯳Ṗ䞮 㡖㦒Ⳇ, 㧊➢ stride=2, epoch=100 㦒⪲ 㰖㩫䞮㡖┺. 䞯 㔋ὒ㩫㠦㍲ Binary cross entropy ⯒ ㏦㔺䞾㑮⪲, 䢫⮶㩗 ἓ㌂ 䞮ṫ⻫㦚 㾲㩗䢪䞾㑮⪲ ㌂㣿䞮㡖㦒Ⳇ learning rate 㦖 0.001 㧊㡖┺. ⡦䞲, ὒ㩗䞿 ❇㦮 ⶎ㩲⯒ 㰖 䞮₆ 㥚䟊 䞯㔋ὒ㩫㠦㍲ Ỗ㯳◆㧊䎆⯒ 㿪Ṗ㩗㦒⪲ 㧊 㣿䞮㡖┺.
㠒Ὴ 㓺䛎䞧 Ὃỿ Ỗ㿲 ㎇⓻ ἆὒ 䢫㧎 㰖䚲⪲ Half Total Error Rate(HTER)ὒ 㩫䢫☚⯒ ㌂㣿䞮㡖┺. HTER 㦖 Ṩ㧊 㧧㦚㑮⪳ ㎇⓻㧊 㫡㦖 ộ㦒⪲ 㡺⮮ 㦮 ゚㥾 Ⱒ㦚 㧊㣿䞲 Ṩ㧊┺. Equal error rate(EER)㦖 False Rejection Rate(FRR)ὒ False Acceptance Rate(FAR) Ṩ㦮 ☯㧒䞲 ゚㥾㦚 Ⱖ䞮Ⳇ Ṩ㧊 ⌄㦚㑮⪳ 㫡㦖 ㎇⓻ 㦚 ⋮䌖⌎┺. 㾲㫛 䞯㔋♲ ⳾◎㦚 ㌂㣿䞮㡂 䎢㓺䔎 㠒Ὴ◆㧊䎆⯒ ⮮䞲 ἆὒ⪲ HTER, EER 㦖 ṗṗ 2.34, 2.85 ⪲ 㞚⧮ <䚲 1>ὒ ṯ┺. 㠑㠊㰚 ἆὒ⓪ Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) ἷ㍶㦚 㧊㣿䞮㡂 㔲ṗ䢪 ♮㠞┺. ROC ἷ㍶㦖 False Positive Rate(FPR)ὒ True Positive Rate(TPR)㦚 ṗṗ x, y 㿫㦒⪲ ⏩㦖 ⁎⧮䝚⪲ ROC ἷ㍶㦮 Ⳋ㩗㧎 Area Under the Curve(AUC)㦮 ⍩㧊Ṗ ⍩㦚㑮⪳ ⮮ ⳾◎㦮 ㎇⓻㧊 㫡㦢㦚 ⋮䌖⌎ ┺. ⮮㎇⓻㠦 ╖䞲 ROC ἷ㍶㦖 (⁎Ⱂ 3)㠦㍲ ⽒ 㑮 㧞┺. ἆὒ㩗㦒⪲ PR-FASD ⯒ 㧊㣿䞲 㥚㫆 㠒Ὴ Ỗ㿲 㠦 ╖䞲 Densenet-121 㦮 ⮮ 㩫䢫☚⓪ 97.66%⪲ ⰺ 㤆 ⥆㠊⌂┺. ゚ᾦ⯒ 㥚䟊 㿪Ṗ㩗㦒⪲ 㑮䟟䞲 SVM ⳾◎㦮 㩫䢫☚⓪ 92.26%⪲ ゚ᾦ㩗 㩖㫆䞲 ㎇⓻㦚 ⽊ 㡖┺. Densnet-121 ⳾◎㦖 concatenation 㦚 䐋䟊 㧊⹎㰖 㦮 㩖㑮㭖 䔏㰫㦚 ₠㦖 layer ₢㰖 ⽊㫊 Ṗ⓻䞲 ῂ㫆 ⯒ Ṗ㰖ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊⓪ ἶ㑮㭖 䔏㰫Ⱒ ㌂㣿♮ἶ ⋮Ⲏ 㰖⓪ ⻚⩺㪢▮ ₆㫊 ⳾◎✺ὒ⓪ ┺⯊Ợ, 㩖㑮㭖 䔏㰫 ₢㰖☚ ⮮ ὒ㩫㠦 ㌂㣿䞲┺. ➆⧒㍲ ₆㫊 㔳⽊┺ 㥚㫆 㠒Ὴ Ỗ㿲㠦 㧞㠊㍲ 㥶䣾㎇㦚 Ṗ㰚┺ἶ 䞶 㑮 㧞┺. ڗ䚲ٻڌڙٻڟۀۉێۀکۀۏڈڌڍڌٻ⮮ٻ㎇⓻ٻἆὒٻ ٻ ῂٻٻ ڣگڠڭٻ ڠڠڭٻ ګڭڈڡڜڮڟٻ ڍډڎڏٻ ڍډړڐٻ ڃ⁎Ⱂٻڎڄٻڟۀۉێۀکۀۏڈڌڍڌٻ⳾◎㦮ٻڭڪڞ ἷ㍶ډٻ 㿪䤚, Densenet-121 ὒ ▪㠊 㧊㰚 ⮮⯒ 㥚䟊 㥶 㣿䞮Ợ 㧊㣿♮⓪ 㔶ἓⰳ ⳾◎㧎 Resnset-18 㦚 㧊㣿䞲 㥚㫆 㠒Ὴ ⮮ Ỗ㿲㦚 䞶 㡞㩫㧊┺. ⡦䞲 ⚦ ⳾◎㦮 ἆὒ ゚ᾦ⯒ 䐋䟊 㧊⹎㰖㦮 㩖㑮㭖 䔏㰫 㡗㧊 㥚㫆 㠒Ὴ Ỗ㿲 ㎇⓻㠦 㥶䣾䞲 㡗䟻㦚 ⹎䂮⓪Ṗ㠦 ╖䞲 㡆 ῂ⯒ 㰚䟟䞶 Ἒ䣣㧊┺. 焾処怾竒
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